2020届大同市实验中学高三英语第一次联考试卷及答案解析

2020届大同市实验中学高三英语第一次联考试卷及答案解析
第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
Top Music Festivals in 2021
Coachella
Selling out fast every year, the Indio desert becomes a fashionable place where the coolest bands are watched by trendy people and celebrities. Near the top of everyone's bucket list of festivals, Coachella is a constant source of annual expectation and a hotbed for musical discussion.
When &. where: April 9-11 &. 16-18, 2021; Indio
Ultra Music Festival
Seen as the ultimate gathering for electronic music fans across the nation and globe, the streets of Miami turn into a and bumping party with popular DJs playing what will be the sounds of summer.
When & where: March 26-28, 2021; Miami
South By South West
Regarded as the ultimate trend-setter and launcher of careers, SXSW is an annual showcase of music, films and interactive highlights enjoyed through performances, showcases, talks, screenings and more. Virtually taking over the city of Austin, everyone in the world of music from fans to media flock here to discover the next big thing.
When &, where: March 16-20, 2021; Austin
The Governors Ball Music Festival
Another event which proves the music loving potential of Randall's Island Park is Governors Ball, an exciting and infectious mix of rock, hip-hop, electronic, pop and folk. Providing a variety of music and food tastes, whether you look to kick back and relax or dance to the beats, Governors Ball has what you want.
When & where: June 11-14, 2021; New York
1.Which music festival lasts the most days?
A.Coachella
B.Ultra Music Festival.
C.South By South West
D.The Governors Ball Music Festival.
2.What is special about Ultra Music Festival?
A.It's held in a park.
B.It features electronic music
C.It's a gathering of popular DJs.
D.It's the most popular in the country.
3.Which city could you go if you love both music and movies?
A.Indio.
B.Miami.
C.Austin
D.New York.
B
If you easily make mistakes when in a hurry, a new study from Michigan State University—the largest of its kind to date-found that meditation (冥想) could help you improve the situation.
The research tested how open monitoring meditation (OMM)—or, meditationthat focuses awareness on feelings or thoughts as they unfold in one’s mind and body—alteredbrain activity in a way that suggested increased error recognition.
“People’s interest in meditation is outpacing what science can prove in terms of effects and benefits.” said Jeff Lin, MSU psychology doctoral candidate and study co-author. “But it’s amazing to me that we were able to see how one session of a guided meditation could produce changes to brain activity in non-meditators.”
“Some forms of meditation have you focus on a single object, commonly your breath, but open monitoring meditation is a bit different,” Lin said, “It has you tune inward and pay attention to everything going on in your mind and body. The goal is to sit quietly and pay close attention to where the mind travels without getting too caught up in the scenery.”
Lin and his MSU co-authors—William Eckerle, Ling Peng and Jason Moser—hired more than 200 participants to test how open monitoring meditation affected how people detect and respond toerrors.
The participants, who had never meditated before, were taken through a 20-minute open monitoring meditation exercise while the researchers measured brain activity through electroencephalography (脑电图), or EEG. Then, they completed a computerized distraction (分心) test.
“The EEG can measure brain activity at the millisecond level, so we got precise measures of brain activity right after mistakes compared to correct responses,” Lin said. “A certain neural signal occurs about half a second after an error called the error positivity, which is linked to conscious error recognition. We found that the strength of this signal is increased in the meditators to controls.”
“These findings show what just 20 minutes of open monitoring meditation can do to improve the brain’s ability to detect and pay attention to mistakes,” Moser said.
4. What does the underlined word “altered” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Changed.
B. Prevented.
C. Started.
D. Recorded.
5. Why is open monitoring meditation different?
A. It is just aimed at a single object.
B. It clears your mind of everything.
C. It gets too caught up in the scenery.
D. It focuses on where the mind travels.
6. What did the researchers do for the study
A. They hired people who had meditated before.
B. They measured the participants’ brain activity.
C. They reminded the participants to avoid errors.
D. They had non-meditators design a distraction test.
7. What is the best title for the text?
A. Turn to OMM to Avoid Acting in a Hurry
B. You’re Able to Recognize Errors Consciously
C. Meditators’ Brain Proves Much More Active
D. OMM Can Help You Make Fewer Mistakes
C
When you walk with a backpack, do you know how the things inside move from side to side? Now scientists havefigured out how to tap into that movement to produce electricity.
Picture a pendulum (摆锤) fixed to a backpack frame and stabilized with springs on either side. The pack’s weight is attached to the pendulum, so the pendulum swings side to side as you walk.Then a machine is driven by that swinging movement, and spits out electrical current to charge a battery.
Volunteers carried the pack while walking on a running machine and wore masks to measure the flow of O2and CO2. Walking with the slightly swinging 20-pound load, the device (设备) did not significantly affect the volunteers’ metabolic (新陈代谢的) rate compared to when they carried the same weight fixed in place. In fact, the energy-harvesting pack reduced the forces of acceleration they’d feel in a regular pack, which might mean greater comfort for a long hike. And the device did produce a steady trickle (涓流) of electricity. If you up the load to 45 pounds, the swing of the pack could fully charge a smart phone only after 12 hours. The details are in the journal Royal Society Open Science.
The device produces electricity from human movement and has been identified as a workable solution to providing a renewable energy source for portable electronic devices. It is particularly useful for those who work in remote areas, as these people often carry a lot of weight in a backpack for their exploration.
But here’s a realconundrum: the energy-harvesting device currently weighs five pounds. The researchers say that’s about four pounds too many to be a smart alternative to batteries. So they hope that more research lets them lighten the load, to ensure the pack charges you up without weighing you down.
8. What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?
A. How the device works.
B. What the device looks like.
C. Who the device is designed for.
D. Why scientists designed the device.
9. Which of the following describes the device?
A. It greatly affected the volunteers metabolic rate.
B. It harvested energy as the volunteers walk.
C. It failed to produce steady electricity.
D. It was useless for a long walk.
10. What does the underlined word “conundrum” in the last paragraph mean?
A. Problem.
B. Method.
C. Bond.
D. Decision.
11. What will the researchers try to do next?
A. Increase the charging speed of their device.
B. Find smarter alternatives to batteries.
C. Reduce the weight of their device.
D. Put their device on the market.
D
In a study published in Nature Machine Intelligence, researchers at Ohio State University show how artificial intelligence（AI）can follow clinical trials to identify drugs for repurposing, a solution that can help advance innovative treatments.
Repurposing drugs is legal and not unusual. When doctors prescribe(开处方)drugs that have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration(FDA)for purposes different from what is printed on the labels, the drugs are being used “off-label” Just because a drug is FDA-approved for a specific type of disease does not prevent it from having possible benefits for other purposes.
For example, Metformin, a drug that is FDA-approved for treating type 2 diabetes, is also used to treat PCOS(a disease of women), and other diseases. Trazodone, an anti-depressant with FDA-approval to treat depression, is also prescribed by doctors to help treat patients with sleep issues.
The Ohio State University research team created an AI deep learning model for predicting treatment probability with patient data including the treatment, outcomes, and potential confounders(干扰因素).
Confounders are related to the exposure and outcome. For example, a connection is identified between music festivals and increases in skin rashes(红疹). Music festivals do not directly cause skin rashes. In this case, one possible confounding factor between the two may be outdoor heat, as music festivals tend to run outdoors when the temperature is high, and heat is a known cause for rashes. When working with real-world data, confounders could number in the thousands. AI deep learning is well-suited to find patterns in the complexity of potentially thousands of confounders.
The researcher team used confounders including population data and co-prescribed drugs. With this proof-of-concept, now clinicians have a powerful AI tool to rapidly discover new treatments by repurposing existing medications.
12. What do we know about a drug used off-label?
A. It is sold without a label.
B. It is available at a low price.
C. Its uses extend beyond the original ones.
D. Its clinical trials are rejected by doctors.
13. Metformin and Trazodone are similar as both of them________.
A. are used off-label
B. treat rare diseases
C. result in sleep issues
D. are medical breakthroughs
14. What can be inferred about “confounders”?
A. They are possible treatments.
B. They are environmental factors.
C. They can be easily recognized in real-world data.
D. They should be taken into serious consideration.
15. What is the main idea of the text?
A. AI examines benefits of existing drugs.
B. AI identifies off-label uses for drugs.
C. AI finds new drugs for common diseases.
D. AI proves the power of drug research.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项
How to keep yourselfsafe from new virus?
After a new-type coronavirus was found in viral pneumonia（肺炎）cases,more cases have been reported in recent days.____16____:
Wear masks outdoors
●Wearing a mask is one of the most effective ways to protect you from getting infected.
●Make sure to wear it properly by tightening up the nose clip and pulling the bottom of it over your chin (下巴).
●____17____, a mask is also needed to prevent you from spreading germs to others.
Cover your coughs and sneeze with tissue (纸巾)
Cover your mouthand nose with a tissue when you cough or sneeze, or you can cough or sneeze into your sleeve, but avoid covering with your hands directly.
____18____
Wash your hands with soap and running water thoroughly for at least 15 seconds.
● Before eating and afterusing the toilet
● After returning home
● After touching trash or garbage
● After contacting with animals or handling animal wastes
Strengthen your immune system and exercise regularly
● Exercise regularly is one of the most important ways to help you stayaway from catching any infections.
● Make sure that shared spaces have good air flow and avoid going to crowded places such as hospitals, railway stations and airports.____19____.
● Seek medical attention immediately if you have symptoms(症状) of fever andrespiratory(呼吸的) infection.
● Avoid close contact with people who have flu or cold-like symptoms.
●____20____. Avoid contact with wild animals or farmed livestock(牲畜) without any protection.
A.If your hands are not visibly dirty
B.Eat thoroughly cookedmeat and eggs
C.Wash your hands frequently and properly
D.If you are not feeling well or having a fever
E.Wear a mask if transport or movement is necessary
F.Visit your friends and s often as usual.
G.To prevent catching the infection, here’s what you can do
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项In American culture, you may find some very sensitive topics that require you to think again before you put them forward. They are as follows:
Age. It is a very sensitive___21___to many Americans. In this culture, the thought of growing older is a painful one and most of us, if___22___, would like to have nothing to do with it. So many Americans work hard to___23___a youthful appearance. The last thing they want to be asked is the unthinkable, “How old are you exactly?”
This question may result in a(an)___24___like: “How old do you think I am?” Anyhow, if you are___25___to know someone’s age, first you estimate（估计）their age by their___26___. Then you take ten years away from that estimation. With a big___27___, that person will probably say, “Thanks, but I am a few years older than that.”
Weight. This is one of the most sensitive subjects. InAmerica, it is ___28___to be thin but it is a huge___29___to be overweight. In any American fashion magazines, you’ll notice most are nothing more than skin and bones.
Income. You should never ever ask how___30___someone’s___31___is. However, it’s perfectly ___32___to ask about their job title and what they do for a living. This information should give you some idea.
Matters of the Heart. This is a tricky（难处理的）one. Some people cannot wait to___33___their hearts out to you. Then there are those who make sure their___34___business stays behind closed doors. The general___35___is not to get too personal. You don’t want others to think that you are___36___their lives.___37___, try not to ask too many questions until you have a(an)___38___with this person.
Anyhow, it's difficult to always___39___an embarrassing conversation. So, be sensible,___40___your mouth and try not to open a can of worms（虫子）.
21. A. solution B. subject C. access D. approach
22. A. not B. possible C. ever D. necessary
23. A. make B. change C. decorate D. keep
24. A. reply B. consequence C. description D. explanation
25. A. likely B. eager C. afraid D. nervous
26. A. dress B. skin C. appearance D. accent
27. A. smile B. surprise C. prize D. gift
28. A. easy B. terrible C. desirable D. absurd
29. A. accident B. event C. excitement D. embarrassment
30. A. many B. much C. littie D. few
31. A. salary B. height C. weight D. age
32. A. awesome B. suitable C. foolish D. typical
33. A. pour B. cut C. mark D. test
34. A. rich B. foreign C. personal D. public
35. A. aspect B. rule C. idea D. concept
36. A. referring to B. contributing to C. looking into D. changing into
37. A. Somehow B. Besides C. Indeed D. However
38. A. appointment B. quarrel C. discussion D. friendship
39. A. avoid B. begin C. produce D. stop
40. A. ignore B. take C. watch D. notice
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
The earliest exiting collection of Chinese poetry, Shi Jing(Book of Songs),______41.______(date) back to as early as the 11thcentury BC, but the history of Chinese poetry may be even longer than that.______42.______(develop) and changing for thousands of years, Chinese poetry is like a beautiful and fathomless ocean to______43.______Chinese-speaking people couldn’t help but keep being drawn.
The very ancient poetry that was written 1000 or more years ago was simpler and about common things_____44._____love, romance and nature that people appreciate._____45._____much poetry was written in the eras following the Song Dynasty, it is thought the poets became_____46._____(increase) academic and abstract so that modern Chinese can’t appreciate the style and meaning.
For foreigners, ancient Chinese poetry is more difficult to understand. One of the reasons is the nature of Chinese characteristics_____47._____(they).Often the words have many meanings, and this make the translation of Chinese into English____48.____key part of reading and understanding Chinese poetry. Put simply, good translation is essential to fully understand Chinese poems.
If the greatest Chinese poets______49.______(name), Du Fu and Li Bai of Tang Dynasty who were________50.________(contemporary) and who both traveled widely in China often come up on top. Along
with them, another famous ancient poet is Su Shi of the Song Dynasty.
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节短文改错（满分10分）
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用(＼)划掉。

修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Alice was born in the small town. Her parents wanted her to become a housewife in the future. But she has dreamed becoming a writer since she was young. So she took every opportunity to learning something about writing. Meanwhile, she struggled for her dream or withstood the hard life. She kept writing even if when she was occupying with many things every day. Eventual, Alice succeeded, and even win the Nobel Prize for literature.
Please believe that your efforts will pay off one day. When faced with all kinds of difficulty, Alice chose to wait patiently for opportunities and struggle with life, which made him a successful person at last.
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Climate change makes wildfires, hurricanes and heat waves more frequent____56____stronger than before. The bad effects are in the headlines____57____(regular). The warming climate also changes lives____58____subtler (不易察觉的) ways.
In Tampa, Fla. , Sara Brogan says summers are getting____59____(hot). Going to the beach to cool off is a decades-long tradition for her family. They____60____(go) to the beach once this summer. There was a red tide. These algae (水藻) blooms are increasing, likely because of human____61____(pollute) and warming temperatures. They produce toxins (毒素) that kill sea life. That is____62____Brogan is staying away from the beach. A lot of times it's—before you even get there, you can feel the smell of dead fish is very strong.
Wildfire smoke obviously is not good for people and the animal. Heather Duchow and her husband celebrated____63____(they) 20th anniversary in Montana's Glacier National Park. When they got there, it was very smoky. She felt disappointed: the smoke made it difficult____64____(see) the awe-inspiring views she remembered. For future anniversaries, they may go sooner in the summer,____65____(hope) to avoid the worst of fire season. It's strongly recommended that some measures should be taken to control the warming climate.
参考答案
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. A
5. D
6. B
7. D
8. A 9. B 10. A 11. C
12. C 13. A 14. D 15. B
16. G 17. D 18. C 19. E 20. B
21. B 22. B 23. D 24. A 25. B 26. C 27. A 28. C 29. D 30. B 31. A 32.
B 33. A 34.
C 35. B 36. C 37. B 38.
D 39. A 40. C
41. dates
42. Developing
43. which 44. like
45. Though/Although/While
46. increasingly
47. themselves
48. a 49. are named
50. contemporaries/contemporary
51.(1).the→a；
(2).在dreamed后加of；
(3).learning→learn；
(4).or→and；
(5).将when去掉；
(6).occupying→occupied；
(7).Eventual→Eventually；
(8).win→won；
(9).difficulty→difficulties；
(10).him→her
52.略。