高考英语近年(2012-2018)真题分类演练：语法填空题

句子成分：9种
主干成分：主（S）+谓(V)+宾(O) N+V+N
附加成分：定（adj）+状（adv）+补（Oc）
同+ 系+ 表
主语：n/pron/n词性短语/n词性从句
宾语：n/pron（宾格）/n词性短语/n词性从句
从句6种：9-3（谓语、补语、系）=6种
名词性从句：主从+宾从+同从+表从（be后）
定语从句：adj 从句
状语从句：adv 从句
句子：简单句、并列句、复合句（从句）
简单句的五大基本句型：
1、主（S）+谓（Vi）eg: We exercise.
2、主（S）+谓(Vt) +宾（O）eg: I like bananas.
3、主（S）+谓(Vt) +间宾（人IO）+直宾（物DO）I gave you a pen.
4、主（S）+谓(Vt) +宾（O）+宾补（Oc）He made the boy laugh.
5、主（S）+系（V）+表(P) You are a student.
谓语：动词V (分4类）
1.实义动词/行为动词：Vt 及物动词+ O ; Vi 不及物动词，不加O，+介词+O
2.系动词+adj(做表语）：be 动词：is am are was were ;+adj/n(表语从句）
感官动词：sound,smell,look/seem,taste,feel;
变得：become,turn,fall,grow,go,get 保持：keep,remain 出现：appear, 证明：prove
3.助动词：do/does/did（变否定句、疑问句）;
be动词+doing(进行词态）be+done (被动语态）；
has/have/had +done完成时态。

4.情态动词+do：
can/could;may/might;will/would;shall/should=ought to;must/have to;used to;need,dare
语法填空
2018年
Cloze 1 2018全国卷Ⅰ，15分话题：跑步带来多种健康益处词数：174 According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 1 (long) than non-runners. You don’t have to run fast or for long 2 (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 3 (die) early by running. (lie--lying ) While running regularly(规律地）can’t make you live forever, the review says it 4 (be) more effective at lengthening life 5 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 6 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 7 (cause).
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise... it’s probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 8 (strength) your leg muscles(肌肉），avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it’s always 9 (energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 10 a try.
语法填空解题技巧：看提示词，词性转换N+V+N(主谓宾一致，时态语态一致）
1、名词名词复数+s/es
词性转换：变为名词（人）、动词、adj
2、动词缺谓语：词态（do/does;did;has/have done）语态(be +done)have been done
不缺谓语：非谓语：to do 不定式表目的，要去做（没做）（一次性动作，具体）
doing 主动，修饰物（做了）（习惯性动作）（正在进行）
done 被动，修饰人
3、形容词比较级（+er）,最高级（+est）
词性转换：变为adv(+ly),变为N, V
4、无提示词：虚词
定语从句：关系代词：先行词是人--who,that,whom(宾语）物（which/that）
关系副词：when,where,why=介词+which
冠词：a/an/the
连词：and,but,however,though,although,because,so
介词（固定搭配）without, with ,than, of ,for,in ,at, on，or, etc.
代词：it,them,my,mine,our,ours
其它从句的连接词：that,when,where,etc.
Cloze 2 2018全国卷II，15分话题：调整农业结构词数：184
Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country 1 (grow)
more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125
while rice has increased only 7 percent. A taste for meat is 3 (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn’s rise:The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 4 (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water 5 rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased 6 (pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 7 (globe) fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 — when the government 8 (start) a soil-testing program 9 gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers — and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China’s approach to protecting its environment while 10 (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide," says the bank’s Juergen V oegele.
Clone 3 2018全国卷III，15分话题：邂逅大猩猩词数：184
I’m not sure 1 is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I’m walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I’m face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at 2 top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the 3 (loud) of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid 4 (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel 5 (challenge).
My name is Mireya Mayor. I’m a 6 (science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching 7 these three western lowland gorillas I’d been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.
When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find 8 (they) alive. True to a gorilla’s unaggressive nature, the huge animal 9 (mean) me no real harm. He was just saying: "I’m king of this forest, and here is your reminder!" Once his message was delivered, he allowed me 10 (stay) and watch.
Cloze 4 2018浙江，15分话题：享受做饭的乐趣词数：191
Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese 1 （dish) is seen as especially troublesome. Many westerners 2 come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap 3 can be to eat out. I still remember 4 (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I 5 （shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
While regularly eating out seems to 6 (become)common for many young people in recent years, it’s not without a cost. The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be 7 (afford) but doing this most days adds up. There could be an even 8 (high) cost on your health. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in 9 (weigh) problems.
If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home 10 dinner, get a few cooking tips from her. Cooking food can be fun. You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket.
2017年
Cloze 1 2017全国卷Ⅰ，15分话题：饮食与健康词数：196
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) 1 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 2 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease —the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 3 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 4 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. As 5 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 6 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 7 (be) full of fat and salt; by 8 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 9 (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 10 is not good for the health.
Cloze 2 2017全国卷Ⅱ，15分话题：地下客运铁路词数：181
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people 〖STF5〗to avoid terrible 1 (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and 2 work. It took three years to complete and was
built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, 3 (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over 4 top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.
Steam engines 5 (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been 6 (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using 7 every day.
Later, engineers 8 (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道), which became known as the Tube. This development was only possible with the 9 (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The Central London Railway was one of the most 10 (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.
Cloze 3 2017全国卷Ⅲ，15分话题：上学的同时兼职做模特词数：196
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new A-level course. But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 1 (rest). Instead, she is earning ￡6,500 a day as 2 model in New York.
Sarah 3 (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her to give up school to model full-time. But Sarah, 4 has taken part in shows along with top models, wants 5 (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her 6 (educate).
She has turned down several 7 (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree 8 engineering or architecture.
Sarah says, "My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school 9 (come) first. I don’t want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is 10 (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I don’t want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can’t model any more." Cloze 4 2017浙江，15分话题：16年前的戒指失而复得词数：181
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small 1 (carrot) and was about to throw them away. But something made her look closer, and she noticed a 2 (shine) object. Yes, there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her long-lost wedding ring.
Pahlsson screamed 3 loudly that her daughter came running from the house. "She thought I had hurt 4 (I)," says Pahlsson.
Sixteen years 5 (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 6 (cook) a meal.When she wanted to put the ring back on later, it was gone. She suspected that one of her three daughters —then ten, eight, and six —had picked it up, but the girls said they hadn’t. Pahlsson and her husband 7 (search) the kitchen, checking every corner,but turned up nothing."I gave up hope of finding my ring again,"she says.She never replaced it.
Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 8 (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, 9 it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it.For Pahlsson,its return was 10 wonder.
2012——2016年
Cloze 1 2016全国卷Ⅰ，15分词数：180
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia's biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top 1 (attract).
So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research. I 2 (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be 3 (official) given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back 4 my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, 5 I was the first Western TV reporter 6 (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include 7 (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 8 (it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few 9 (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, 10 other is with mum — she never suspects.
Cloze 2 2016全国卷Ⅱ，15分词数：188
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify(识别) those of 1 (great) and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of 2 (achieve). Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 3 (be) often acceptable.
Most of us are more focused 4 our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So, get an early start and try to be as productive 5 possible before lunch. This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.
Recent 6 (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 7 (regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 8 while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.
If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you'll be less likely 9 (bring) your work home. It could be anything — gardening, cooking, music, sports — but whatever it is, 10 (make) sure it's a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.
Cloze 3 2016全国卷Ⅲ，15分词数：178
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

In much of Asia, especially the so-called "rice bowl" cultures of China, Japan, Korea, 1 Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.
Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might 2 (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters.Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 3 (create) special designs.
The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots, 4 (use) twigs (树枝) to remove it. Over time, 5 the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which 6 (gradual) turned into chopsticks.
Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, 7 lived from roughly 551 to
479 B.C., influenced the 8 (develop) of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and 9 (be) too violent for use at the table.
Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat 10 their hands.
Cloze 4 2016四川，15分词数：186
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

The giant panda 1 （love）by people throughout the world. Chinese scientists 2 (recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby. She was a very 3 (care) mother. For 25 days, she never left her baby, not even to find something 4 (eat)! She would not let any other pandas come near. She licked the baby constantly to keep it clean. Any smell might attract natural 5 (enemy) that would try to eat the little panda. The mother held the baby in her front paws much the way a human does. 6 it cried, she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats. The mother continued to care for the young panda 7 more than two years. By that time, the panda no longer needed 8 (it) mother for food. However, it stayed with her and learned about the ways of the forest. Then, after two and a half years, the mother 9 (drive) the young panda away. It was time for her to have a new baby, 10 it was also time for the young panda to be independent.
Cloze 5 2015新课标全国Ⅰ，15分词数:182
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Yangshuo, China
It was raining lightly when I 1 (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn't care. A few hours 2 , I'd been at home in Hong Kong, with 3 (it) choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.
I'd skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 4 are pictured by artists in so many Chinese 5 (painting). Instead, I'd headed straight for Yangshuo. For those who fly to Guilin, it's only an hour away 6 car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.
Yangshuo 7 (be) really beautiful. A study of travelers 8 (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it 9 (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people 10 (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
Cloze 6 2015新课标全国Ⅱ，15分词数:176
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

The adobe dwellings (土坯房) 1 (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even 2 most modern of architects and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 3 (able) to "air condition" a house without 4 (use) electric equipment. Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat 5 (slow) during cool nights, thus warming the house. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough 6 (cool) the house during the hot day; 7 the same time, they warm up again for the night. This cycle 8 (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset (抵消) for the outside temperatures. As 9 (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly 10 thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle
work on most days.
Cloze 7 2015广东，15分词数:187
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。

Mr. Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. He owned 1 farm, which looked almost abandoned. 2 (lucky), he also had a cow which produced milk every day. He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby 3 other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what 4 (leave). The cow was their only means of support, in fact. One day, the cow was eating grass 5 it began to rain heavily. While making great efforts to run away, she 6 (fall) over the hill and died. Then the Johnsons had to make a living 7 the cow. In order to support his family, Mr. Johnson began to plant herbs and vegetables. Since the plants took a while to grow, he started cutting down trees 8 (sell) the wood. Thinking about his children's clothes, he started growing cotton too. When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market 9 people from the towns met regularly. Now it occurred to 10 that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.
Cloze 8 2014新课标全国Ⅰ，15分词数:188
阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix?
In 1969, the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio. It 1 (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. The river was so polluted that it 2 (actual) caught fire and burned. Now, years later, this river is one of 3 most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.
But the river wasn't changed in a few days 4 even a few months. It took years of work 5 (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is 6 (clean) than ever.
Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit 7 is driving your family crazy. Possibly you drink too much or don't know how to control your credit card use. When you face such an impossible situation, don't you want a quick fix and something to change immediately?
While there are 8 (amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the 9 (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be 10 (patience).
Cloze 9 2014 新课标全国Ⅱ，15分词数:195
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about 1 (be) late for school. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, 2 some of them looked very anxious and 3 (disappoint). When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next 4 the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike 5 (catch) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused 6 (stop) until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept 7 (ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up to the door of the bus. I heard an excited conversation. Then the driver stood up and asked," 8 anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?" A woman on the bus shouted,
"Oh dear! It's 9 (I)." She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully. Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers 10 (sudden) became friendly to one another.
Cloze 10 2014 广东，15分词数:196
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。

Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been there before said 1 was a wonderful holiday destination. Before we went, we had planned for months. When the day came, we were ready.
After our plane landed, we went to the hotel. We had made our reservation six months 2 (early), but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake. We 3 (tell) that our rooms hadn't been reserved for that week, 4 for the week after. I didn't understand 5 this would happen and my credit card had already been charged 6 the reservation. What's worse, the hotel had been fully booked. When we were wondering what to do, the manager came out. She was 7 (surprise) helpful. She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on 8 top floor. We had never stayed in such an amazing room, and we weren't charged extra.
The next day, my brother and I went to the beach 9 we watched some people play volleyball. We got a little 10 (sunburn), but the day had been so relaxing that we didn't mind. Cloze 11 2013 广东，15分词数:203
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。

One day,Nick invited his friends to supper.He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen.Suddenly,he 1 (find) that he had run out of salt.So Nick called to his son, "Go to the village and buy some salt,but pay a fair price for it:neither too much 2 too little."
His son looked surprised. "I can understand why I shouldn't pay too much,Father,but if I can pay less, 3 not save a bit of money?"
"That would be a very 4 (reason) thing to do in a big city,but it could destroy a small village like ours,"Nick said.
Nick's guests, 5 had heard their conversation,asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could.Nick replied,"The only reason a man would sell salt 6 a lower price would be because he was desperate for money. And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect 7 the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce it."
"But such a small thing couldn't 8 (possible) destroy a village."
"In the beginning,there was only 9 very small amount of unfairness in the world,but everyone added a little,always 10 (think) that it was only small and not very important,and look where we have ended up today."
Cloze 12 2012 广东，15分词数:213
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。

Mary will never forget the first time she saw him. He suddenly appeared in class one day, 1 (wear) sun glasses.He walked in as if he 2 (buy) the school.And the word quickly got around that he was from New York City.
For some reason he sat beside Mary. Mary felt 3 (please), because there were many
empty seats in the room.But she quickly realized that it wasn't her,it was probably the fact that she sat in 4 last row.
5 he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back,he was wrong. It might have made it a little
6 (hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around,but that didn't stop the kids in the class. Of course whenever they turned to look at him,they had to look at Mary,
7 made her feel like a star.
"Do you need those glasses for medical reasons?" the teacher asked.The new boy shook his head."Then I'd appreciate it if you didn't wear them in class.I like to look at your eyes when I'm speaking to you." The new boy looked at the teacher 8 a few seconds and all the other students wondered 9 the boy would do.Then he took 10 off, gave a big smile and said,"That's cool."
语法填空答案
2018年
Cloze 1
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了跑步带来的多种健康益处。

一本医学杂志上的评论及研究表明，跑步不仅使人长寿，而且可以降低死亡的风险。

1.longer考查副词。

句中有than，故用long的比较级longer。

2.to see考查非谓语动词。

本句有谓语，因此此处应用非谓语动词；分析句子结构及句意可知，此处应用动词不定式to see作目的状语。

3.dying考查非谓语动词。

短语reduce one s risk of..."降低某人……的风险"，此处介词of 后用动名词作宾语。

【易错点拨】注意die是不规则动词，v.-ing形式为dying；名词为death;形容词为dead。

4.is考查动词的时态和主谓一致。

本文介绍了跑步的好处，通篇以一般现在时为主。

本句中宾语从句与主句的时态应保持一致，故用一般现在时；且宾语从句中的主语为it,故用is。

5.than考查介词。

根据句中的more可知，此处应用介词than引出比较对象。

此处表示跑步比散步、骑行或游泳更能有效地延长寿命。

故填than。

6.that/which考查定语从句。

分析句子结构可知，此处引导定语从句，先行词为a study，且定语从句中缺少主语，故填关系代词that/which。

7.causes考查名词。

此处cause是可数名词，意为"原因"，句中的all表示"所有"，后应用可数名词的复数形式，故填causes。

8.strengthen考查非谓语动词。

分析句子结构可知，此处为动词不定式作目的状语，故本空应填动词strengthen，意为"增强，加强"。

9.energetic考查形容词。

and连接两个并列分句，两个分句都表示跑步的特征，and前面的cheap和easy均为形容词，故此处应用形容词energetic作表语，意为"需要能量的，剧烈的"。

10.it/running考查固定搭配。

give it a try为固定搭配，意为"试一试"，根据语境可知，it指代running，故可填it或running。

Cloze 2
本文是说明文，文章介绍了中国近年来根据人们膳食的变化调整农作物种植结构。

【核心词汇】account for 说明（原因、理由等）; 导致，引起; （在数量、比例上）占; 对……负责specific adj. 明确的; 特有的，具体的recommendation n. 推荐; 推荐信; 建议carbon dioxide 二氧化碳
1.has grown考查时态。

由句中的时间状语Since 2011可知，此空应用现在完成时。

2.the考查冠词。

此处是特指，故用定冠词the,表示"在过去的25年里"。

Since, over the past 25 years，in recent years,用has/have done
3.actually考查副词。

这里需填副词来修饰谓语动词is。

4.to improve考查非谓语动词。

不定式to improve water quality作目的状语。

5.than考查介词。

由空前的less可知，此处应用介词than，表示"比"。

6.pollution考查名词。

此处应填pollute的名词形式pollution作宾语。

7.global考查形容词。

此处应填globe的形容词形式global作定语。

8.started考查时态。

根据语境可知，此处叙述发生在过去的情况，应用一般过去时，故填started。

9.that/which考查定语从句。

分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，a soil\|testing program 是先行词，指物，且定语从句中缺主语，所以应填关系代词that或which。

10.feeding考查现在分词。

while feeding its citizens是时间状语从句while it is feeding its citizens的省略结构。

又可理解为此处的feed（养活）与主语China为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词形式。

Cloze 3
我在中非共和国森林里偶遇大猩猩家庭以及由此引发的人猩交流。

1.who考查宾语从句。

句意：我不确定谁受到了更大的惊吓，是我还是那只不知从何处突然蹦出来的雌性大猩猩。

根据句意和句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语，表示"谁"，故填who。

2.the考查冠词。

at the top of "在……顶端"，此处表示"大声地"。

3.loudest考查副词最高级。

根据语境和空后的of all的修饰可知，空处应用副词的最高级。

4.looking考查非谓语动词。

avoid后常接动名词作宾语，故空处填looking。

5.challenged考查语态。

此处表示"我迅速低下头避免和它直视，以便它不会感到受到挑战",主语he和challenge构成被动关系，故填challenged。

6.scientist考查名词。

根据空前的a可知，空处应填名词，且意为"科学家"，故填scientist。

7.for考查介词。

search for意为"寻找"，为固定搭配。

8.them考查代词。

这里用them 指代上文的the gorillas。

9.meant考查时态。

由于此处描述的动作已经发生，故用一般过去时。

10.to stay考查非谓语动词。

allow sb. to do sth."允许某人做某事"，为固定用法，故填to stay。

Cloze 4
本文是一篇议论文，中国饮食越来越受到外国友人的欢迎，与此同时，随着社会的发展，越来越多的人外出就餐。

作者认为，外出就餐过多会带来费用支出过多和健康问题，我们应学着享受做饭的乐趣。

1.dishes考查名词单复数。

dish是可数名词，其前无限定词，故用其复数形式dishes。

2.who/that考查定语从句。

根据语境并分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是Many westerners，故填关系代词who/that。

3.it考查代词。

此处应用it作形式主语，真正的主语是to eat out。

4.visiting考查非谓语动词。

remember doing sth.表示"记得做过某事"，故填visiting。

【知识拓展】非谓语动词中，现在分词v.-ing所表示的动作通常与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生且现在分词与逻辑主语之间是主谓关系；过去分词done与逻辑主语之间是动宾关系；不定式to do通常表示将来和目的。

5.was shocked考查时态和语态。

根据语境可知，此处表示"我感到很震惊"，shock与主语I 为被动关系，同时根据后面的learnt可知，时态为一般过去时，所以填was shocked。

6.have become考查非谓语动词。

根据语境和时间状语in recent years可知，此处需要用不定式的完成式，故填have become。

7.affordable考查形容词。

根据语境可知，一周在外就餐一到两次可能是可以负担得起的，故填形容词affordable。

8.higher考查形容词的比较级。

根据even并结合语境可知，此处表示"更高的代价"，故需要用high的比较级higher。

9.weight考查名词。

根据语境可知，此处表示"体重问题"，故空处需要填名词weight。

10.for考查介词。

根据语境可知，此处应用介词for表示"目的"。