2022年考研考博-考博英语-南开大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：60

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南开大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析
AB卷（带答案）
一.综合题(共15题)
1.
单选题
We should always keep in mind that （） decisions often lead to bitter regrets.
问题1选项
A.urgent
B.hasty
C.instant
D.prompt
【答案】B
【解析】形容词词义辨析。

根据句意可知，既然是痛苦的后悔，说明决定很草率，选项B符合语境。

2.
单选题
Jack came to the party with a young woman, whom I （） to be his girl friend.
问题1选项
A.pretended
B.supposed
C.resumed
D.granted
【答案】B 【解析】动词词义辨析。

pretended“假装”;supposed“猜想”;resumed“继续, 重新开始”;granted“同意, 授予”。

句意:Jack和一个年轻女子一起来参加聚会, 我猜想应该是他的女朋友。

选项B符合句意。

3.
单选题
Acid rain leads to fish mortality. Many species of fish cannot survive in aquatic environments where the PH is below 5. 0. If the water is too acid, the gill systems of many kinds of fish can be damaged. （1 ） , the acid alters the blood chemistry of all fish. As a result, the fish population in an acidic environment decreases （2 ） becomes extinct. Approximately 20 percent of the lakes in Scandinavia are without fish. Moreover, in Nova Scotia the （3）salmon industry may be threatened by the decrease of salmon in rivers and streams. The impact is also （4 ） in the waters of Ontario and Quebec, where fish populations are （5 ） the decline.
What potential remedies exist for the acid rain （6 ） ? The experts disagree. Some say new environmental laws should be （7 ） to control the emission of pollutants in the atmosphere. Some say that if we had known how serious acid rain was, we would have planned （8 ） to prevent it. （9 ） , all agree that if the consumption of fossil fuel were reduced, we would have less of a problem. Another （10 ）is that special scrubbers could be installed in smokestacks to remove a good （11 ） of the pollutants before they get into the atmosphere. Other ideas even include breeding more （12 ） fish. And research suggests that spreading lime into lakes may be effective in （13） acidity. In conclusion, it is clear that if we truly want to reduce the impact of acid rain, a （14 ）of remedies and international cooperation must be explored. It is a sad fact that acid rain probably could have been avoided if we （15 ） what we know now.
问题1选项
A.Likewise
B.Besides
C.Thus
D.Otherwise
问题2选项
A.and
B.then
C.hence
D.or
问题3选项
A.entire
plete
C.total
D.all
问题4选项
A.imaginable
B.unaccountable
C.considerable
D.understandable
问题5选项
A.on
B.with
C.to
D.at 问题6选项
A.affair
B.issue
C.matter
D.question
问题7选项
A.announced
B.ordered
C.imposed
D.enacted
问题8选项
A.faster
B.more
C.better
D.harder
问题9选项
A.Furthermore
B.Conversely
C.Accordingly
D.Nevertheless
问题10选项
A.possibility
B.perspective
C.occurrence
D.opportunity
问题11选项
A.piece
B.portion
C.section
D.segment
问题12选项
A.tolerated
B.tolerant
C.tolerable
D.intolerant
问题13选项
A.descending
B.declining
C.reducing
D.relieving
问题14选项
bination
B.alliance
C.mixture
D.union
问题15选项
A.know
B.knew
C.had known
D.have known
【答案】第1题:B 第2题:D
第3题:A
第4题:C
第5题:A
第6题:B
第7题:D
第8题:C
第9题:D
第10题:A
第11题:B
第12题:B
第13题:C
第14题:A
第15题:C
【解析】（1）上下文语义。

根据上下文可知, 本句是补充说明过酸性水质给鱼类带来的危害, 只有选项B 符合。

（2）连词词义辨析。

根据句意:因此, 在酸性环境中, 鱼类数量会减少或灭绝。

选项D符合原文语境。

（3）近义词词义辨析。

句意:河流和小溪中鲑鱼的减少可能威胁到整个鲑鱼产业。

entire“全部的, 整个的, 全体的”;total“全部的, 完全的, 一般指数量的全部”;complete“完整的, 彻底的”;all“全部的”, 强调整体中的个体。

所以选项A最恰当。

（4）形容词词义辨析。

根据句意可知, 这里指上文提到的情况在安大略和魁北克两大水域的影响也是相当大的。

imaginable“可能的, 可想象的”;unaccountable“莫名其妙的, 不可理解的”;considerable“相当大的, 重要的”;understandable“可以理解的, 可以了解的”。

所以选项C 符合句意。

（5）语法知识。

on the decline为固定搭配, 表示“在走下坡路, 在衰退中”。

这里指鱼类数量减少, 所以选项A正确。

（6）名词词义辨析。

根据上文的描述可知, 酸雨很显然已经成为了一个很严峻的问题, 所以选项B最恰当。

（7）动词词义辨析。

与法律搭配的动词应该是颁布法律或制定法律。

因此只有选项D符合。

（8）语法知识, 副词的比较级。

根据句意:有人说, 如果我们早知道酸雨有这么严重, 我们就会更好地计划预防酸雨。

选项C符合原文语境。

（9）上下文语义。

Furthermore此外, 而且, 表递进;Conversely相反地; Accordingly相应地, 表递进;Nevertheless然而。

前后两个句子没有递进或者相反的情况, 所以选项D正确。

（10）上下文语义。

本段主要是讲专家们针对酸雨问题给出的不同建议措施, 这里指另一种可能性的措施, 所以选项A符合原文语境。

（11）量词的用法。

根据句意可知, 这里指通过在烟囱里安装特殊的洗涤器来清除大部分污染物。

piece“块, 件”, 适用于平展的东西;portion“部分, 比例, 常指食物的份或抽象的量”;section“截面, 部分”, 指由切断、分割、分类等所产生的一部分, 常指比较小的事物;segment“段, 部分”, 多指整体的局部。

所以选项B更恰当。

（12）近义词辨析。

tolerated“可接纳的”;tolerant“宽容的, 有耐药力的”;tolerable“可容忍的”;intolerant“无法容忍的”。

根据原文可知, 这里指培育抗酸性耐药性的鱼类, 所以选项B符合原文语境。

（13）上下文语义。

根据常识可知, 石灰是碱性的, 可以中和酸雨, 降低湖水的酸性, 所以选项C正确。

（14）名词词义辨析。

根据句意:如果我们真正想减少酸雨的影响, 就必须将补救办法和国际合作相结合起来。

将二者结合起来用combination最为恰当, 所以选项A正确。

（15）语法理解题。

根据句意可知本句表示对过去的虚拟, 主句为现在完成式, 从句用过去完成式, 所以选项C正确。

4.
单选题
The consolidation of the crumbling walls and towers has been carried out in （） with a program agreed with by the Department of the Environment.
问题1选项A.case
B.accordance
C.place
D.charge
【答案】B
【解析】固定搭配。

in accordance with为固定搭配，表示“依照，与...一致”。

5.
单选题
When she entered the room, the smell of her perfume immediately （） the room.
问题1选项
A.distributed
B.penetrated
C.pervaded
D.perished
【答案】C
【解析】动词词义辨析。

distribute“分配, 散布”;penetrate“渗透, 穿透”;pervade“遍及, 弥漫”;perish“使麻木, 毁坏”。

句意:当她走进房间, 她身上的香水味立刻弥漫了整个房间。

选项C符合句意。

6.
单选题
Life insurance is financial protection for dependents against loss （） the bread-winner's death.
问题1选项
A.at the cost of
B.on the verge of
C.as a result of
D.for the sake of
【答案】C
【解析】副词词义辨析。

at the cost of以...为代价；on the verge of濒临于，接近于；as a result of因此，由于；for the sake of为了。

句意：人寿保险为被保者的家属提供经济保障, 以防止因养家糊口的人去世而造成的损失。

选项C符合句意。

7.
单选题
The bad and damp weather in the hot area would enable the plants to get （） quickly.
问题1选项
A.decomposed
B.denounced
C.detached
D.deduced
【答案】A
【解析】动词词义辨析。

decompose“分解, 腐烂”;denounce“谴责, 告发”;detach“分离, 派遣”;deduce“推断, 演绎出”。

句意:炎热地区的恶劣潮湿天气会使植物迅速分解腐烂。

选项A符合句意。

8.
单选题Complete silence is found only in laboratories called anechoic rooms. The walls and ceilings, made of blocks of special sound-sucking materials, are more than three feet thick, while floor coverings are six-foot layers of feathers or cotton wool. Silence here can be as painful to the ears as the din (continuous loud noise) of a steelworks or a rocket blast-off, yet scientists get used to this and stay in these silent rooms for hours at a time, using microphones and electronic equipment to test the various materials being developed to make the world a less noisy place.
Architects have used scientific discoveries to solve noise problem in a number of ways. Walls are hollowed (having empty space inside) and then filled with sound-sucking materials similar to cotton wool. Extra-thick carpets cover the floors, and thick woolen curtains cover the windows. Air conditioning and heating channels are made less noisy by sound-sucking materials．Unfortunately, these techniques and others often work too well in some buildings. Noise-proof rooms become almost anechoic and people living in them are disturbed by the lack of sound．One way of handling th is problem is to use what they call “sound perfume” —artificial (similarly produced, made by man) noise is piped to rooms through small loudspeakers.
1.Scientists use anechoic room for（） .
2.The writer implies that （） .
3.People suffer in anechoic rooms probably because （） .
4.The article suggests that （） .
问题1选项
A.measuring noise levels of steelworks
B.measuring blocks of feathers
C.testing sound-absorbing materials
D.testing electronic equipment
问题2选项
A.untrained people can not stay long in anechoic rooms
B.performing experiments in anechoic rooms can be a frightening experience
C.architects make practical use of the information gathered by scientists
D.scientists do not care for noise problem
问题3选项
A.they are allowed to move and speak
B.they are used lo hearing noise around them
C.the greater air pressure hurts their ears
D.all of the above
问题4选项
A.loudspeakers are as important as sound-proofing materials
B.anechoic rooms will be included in all new buildings
C.scientific devices are sometimes too successful
D.all of the above
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:B
第3题:B
第4题:A
【解析】1.事实细节题。

根据第一段最后一句“...scientists get used to ... test the various materials being developed to make the world a less noisy place.”科学家习惯待在这些安静的房间里数小时，使用麦克风和电子设备来测试各种减少噪音的材料。

选项C符合原文。

2.细节推理题。

根据第一段最后一句“Silence here can be as painful to the ears as the din (continuous loud noise) of a steelworks or a rocket blast-off...”这里的安静对于耳朵来说是痛苦的，就好像钢铁厂里或者火箭发射时所产生的连续不断的噪音。

由此可推断，在这种环境下做实验是非常可怕的经历。

所以选项B正确。

3.细节推理题。

根据最后一段第二一句“people living in them are disturbed by the lack of sound.”住在里面的人因为没有声音而感到不安。

人们在消音室里觉得很痛苦是因为人们不习惯周围一点儿噪音都没有，所以选项B符合原文。

4.事实细节题。

根据最后一段的内容可知，住在完全消音的房间里，人们往往会因为没有声音而感到不安，这时候就可以使用人造噪音通过小喇叭传到房间里。

也就是说扬声器和隔音材料同样重要。

选项A正确。

选项C是事实，不是文章给出的建议，所以不选。

9.
单选题
Making private phone calls on the office phone is severely （） on in our country.
问题1选项
A.criticized
B.regarded
C.objected
D.frowned
【答案】A
【解析】动词词义辨析。

句意：在我国，用办公室电话打私人电话会受到严厉的批评。

选项A符合句意。

frowned皱眉，不满。

10.
单选题
The microphone makes the voice sound louder because it concentrates sound waves in one direction and keeps them from（） in all directions.
问题1选项
A.interfering
B.dispersing
C.spreading
D.distracting
【答案】B
【解析】动词词义辨析。

interfere妨碍；disperse分散，散开；spread传播；distract转移，分心。

句意：麦克风使声音听起来更大，因为它把声波集中在一个方向，并防止它们分散到其他各个方向。

选项B符合句意。

11.
单选题
A good teacher must know how to （）his ideas to the students, as generally agreed by educational experts.
问题1选项
A.display
B.transmit
C.convey
D.illuminate
【答案】C
【解析】动词词性及搭配。

句意：一个好老师必须知道如何把他的想法传达给学生。

传达思想，想法等用convey，选项C正确。

12.
单选题
I'd like to take this opportunity to （） my heart-felt gratitude to the host.
问题1选项
A.increase
B.prolong
C.intensify
D.express
【答案】D
【解析】动词词词义辨析。

句意：我想借此机会向东道主表示衷心的感谢。

选项D符合句意。

13.
写作题
Why do you think some people are attracted to dangerous sports or other dangerous activities? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. Your composition should be no less than 200 words.
【答案】Why People Are Attracted to Dangerous Sports?
14.
单选题
Although Venus is the nearest planet of the Earth, little is known about it because it is （） covered by thick clouds.
问题1选项
A.closely
B.curiously
C.regularly
D.constantly
【答案】D
【解析】副词词义辨析。

closely紧密地，严密地；curiously好奇地；regularly 有规律地；constantly 不断地，时常地。

句意：尽管金星是离地球最近的行星，但由于它时常被厚厚的云层所覆盖，人们对它知之甚少。

选项D符合句意。

15.
单选题
The Spanish team, who are not in superb form, will be doing their best next week to （）themselves on the German team for last year's defeat.
问题1选项
A.remedy
B.reproach
C.revive
D.revenge
【答案】D
【解析】形近词辨析。

remedy补救，治疗；reproach责备；revive使复兴，使苏醒；revenge报仇，雪耻。

句意：西班牙队虽然状态不佳，但下周他们将竭尽全力为去年的失利向德国队一雪前耻。

选项D符合句意。