therebe句型+介词的用法
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一、There be 句型
1. 定义:There be句型表示某处存在某物或某人。
2. 结构:(1) There is +单数可数名词/不可数名词+ 地点状语.
(2) There are +复数名词+地点状语.
There be结构中的动词be的确定
1. there be 结构中的谓语动词be在人称和数上应与其后的主语保持一致。
主语是不可数名词或单数可数名词时用is,是复数时用are。
如:
There is a flower in the bottle. 瓶里有一朵花。
There is some money in the purse. 钱包里有些钱。
2. 若句子中有几个并列的主语时,be的形式要与离其最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致。
如:
There is a boy, a girl and two women in the house.
房子里有一个男孩,一个女孩和两个妇女。
There are ten students and a teacher in the office. 办公室里有十个学生和一个教师。
另外,在陈述句中为了强调地点,也可将介词短语提置句首。
如:
In the tree there are five birds. 树上有五只鸟。
二、 There be 结构的句型转换
1. 否定句:
there be的否定式通常在be后加not构成
(在口语中be时常与not缩写在一起,is not=is n’t are not=are n’t)。
如果句中有some,一般要变成any。
如: There are some children in the picture. →There aren't any children in the picture.
2.一般疑问句及其回答:
把be提到there前,首字母大写,句末用问号即可(句中的some一样要改为any)。
其肯定回答是Yes, there is / are;否定回答为No, there isn't / aren't。
如:
-Are there two cats in the tree?
-Yes, there are. (No, there aren't.)
3. 特殊疑问句及其回答:
①提问句子的主语(包括主语前的修饰语)时,句型一律用"what is + 地点介词短语?"(无论主语是单数还是复数都用is)。
如:
There are some birds in the tree. →What's in the tree?
②就there be后面的地点状语进行提问时,句型用"where is / are + 主语?"如: There is a car in the street. →Where is the car?
③提问可数名词(主语)前的数量时,用how many,句型结构为"how many + 复数名词+ are there + 其它?"(主语无论是单数还是复数,be通常要用are)。
如:
The re is a cat under the bed. →How many cats are there under the bed?
三、There be句型与have、has的区别:
(1) There be 句型和have, has都表示“有”的含义。
区别如下:There be表示“某处存在某物或某人”;have, has表示“某人拥有某物/某人”,它表示所有、拥有关系。
eg.
①He has two sons. 他有两个儿子。
②There are two men in the office. 办公室里有两个男人。
(2)当have表示“包括”、“存在”的含义时,There be 句型与其可互换。
eg. A week has seven days. =There are seven days in a week. 一个星期有七天。
介词的复习
一、介词;表示两个物体之间的关系的词。
年、月、周前要用in (in 1998, in May , in this week ,日子前面却不行。
)
遇到某天要用on (on Saturday , on my birthday , on Children's Day )
上、下午晚上又是in (in the morning , in the afternoon , in the evening )
要说某日上下午用on换in才能行(on Monday morning )
at用在夜、时间前(at night , at 6:00, at 12:13 )
说“差”要用to来顶(8:50 ten to nine )
说“过”要用past (8:10 ten past eight )
多说多练记真经
小处at,大处in (at the door ,at home ,at school in the world , in China , in Beijing )(小地方常用at ,大地方常用in )
步行、骑马、左右on (on foot , on a horse , on the left , on the right )
收音、电话、值日on (on the radio , on the phone , on duty)
交通工具要用by (by bike , by plane )
医院、班级、人床要用in
(in the hospital , in my class , in bed )(人呆在床上常用in,而东西在床上常用on)
二、常用介词解析。
1.above用来表示位置,在…..上方(两个物体之间没有接触面的)
A fly is flying above your head. We are flying above the clouds.
2.after
1)用来表示时间,在……之后I will go home after school. We usually go out for a walk after dinner.
2)用来表示位置,在……之后Don’t stand after me.Shut the door
after you, please.
3)after的固定短语搭配 1、after school(放学) 2、look after (照顾)3、after a while (过一会儿)4、after class(下课)
3. at
1)用来表示时间:在……时刻,在……点钟
I will pick you up at six o’c lock. The meeting will begin at 2:40.
2)用来表示地点:在+小地方
He is at his office now. I bought a skirt at the shop.
3)at的固定短语搭配
1、at first
2、at last
3、 at once
4、at home
5、at the foot of
6、at noon
7、at night
5. before
1)用来表示时间,在……以前I didn’t go to school the day before yesterday. I should finish my work before supper.
2)用来表示位置,在…….之前There are some trees before my house. 3)固定搭配the day before yesterday
6. behind (在……之后)
8. by
1)用来表示位置,在……旁There is desk by the window.
2)用来表示方式,通过We go to school by bus every day.
9. for
1)用来表示行为的目的,为……,给……This book is for you. It’s not
good for your eyes.
10. from
1)表示来源,从……起,从……来She comes from China. This is a gift
from my mother.
2)表示距离,离……It’s not far away from here.
3)表示原料,用……制成Wine is made from grapes.
4)固定搭配1、from…to… 2、 come from 3、made from
11. in
1)表示地点,在……里We live in a big house.
2)表示穿什么服饰My mother is the woman in white.
3)年、月、周前要用in
5) 上、下午、晚上又是in
12. like
1)表示像,跟……一样You look like your father. It looks like rain.
常用的短语:look like
13. near在……旁边,附近(表示一定的距离里,两物体之间的范围比较远的)
Who is the boy sitting near her?
14. of表示所属关系,……的This is a map of Japan.
15. on
1)表示地点,在……上(指两个物体之间有接触面的)
There are some pictures on the wall.
2)表示时间,某天前要用on,某月某日前也用on, Shall we meet on Friday?
3)要说某日上下午,用on
4)步行、骑马、左右on,收音、电话、值日on。
16. over表示位置,在……正上方(表示物体之间有垂直关系的)
I saw a bridge over the river.
17. to表示动作的方向,“到”
She has gone to Guangzhou.
18. under 表示位置,在…之下(两个物体之间有接触的)
There is a girl under the tree.
19. with表示共同关系;和……一起,同……
Will you go with us to the park?
20、next to :在……隔壁(在一定的距离里,两个物体有接触面的或是较近的距离。
)
三、易混淆介词辨析
above/ on/ over at/ in/ on(表示时间时)
1.above 表示“在……上方”,不一定垂直
2.There is a clock above the window.
on 表示“在……上”,并且物体的表面有接触
There is a basket on the floor.
over 表示“在……上方”,强调是垂直上方。
There is no bridge over the river.
2. at 表示一个具体的时间点
I often watch TV in the evening.
in 表示一段时间,或者周、月、季度、年等较长的时间段
He was born in 1989.
on 表示具体的某一天,在某一天的上午、下午等
I was born on the 2nd of September.
On the tree 长在树上的东西
In the tree 不长在树上的东西如:there is a bird in the tree.。