Unit 1 Science Fiction Discover Useful Structures
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自从采用了新软件,工作效率就被提升了。
6. Only one piece of carry-on luggage ____is__al_l_o_w_e_d____ for each
economy class passenger. (allow)
经济舱的乘客每人仅允许携带一件随身行李。
7. It is a great honour for me to____b_e__in_v_i_te_d___ to address this
1. It was going to be tested out by Larry’s wife, Claire. (para 1) 2. … but Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn’t harm her or allow her
to be harmed. (para 2) 3. Now she was being looked after by a robot that looked so human, and it
3. Two hundred grammes of flour should _b__e_a_d_d_e_d_ to the cake mix. (add) 蛋糕料里需要加入两百克面粉。
4. A 3,000-seat venue ___w_a_s__b_u_il_t_/_w__il_l_b_e__b_u_il_t__ for the circus
_b_e_lo_n_g_s_ (belong) to the well-educated.
Complete the sentences with appropriate forms of the verbs in brackets. Then try to translate these sentences into Chin复合宾语的动词的被动结构
例：His father called him Jack. He was called Jack by his father.
带复合宾语的动词变被动语态时, 一般将主动结构中的宾语变 为被动结构中的主语, 而将宾语补足语保留不动(这时的宾语 补足语为主语补足语)。
The exercises of the passive voice
1. The flight must _b__e _b_o_o_k_e_d_ (book) by tomorrow. 2. The twins _l_o_o_k_l_ik_e_ (look like) their mother. 3. She _w_a_s_i_n_v_it_e_d_ (invite) to Jack’s 16th birthday party
例：The carpet really wants cleaning (= to be cleaned). Most house plants require watering (= to be watered).
当 want, need, require, deserve 表示“需要”或“值得”时，其 宾语可用动词 -ing 形式的主动形式表示被动意义。
1. What is done cannot _b_e__u_n_d_o_n_e__. (undo) 木已成舟
2. Janet _w__a_s_e_l_e_ct_e_d_ chairwoman of the student union last month. (elect) 珍妮特上个月当选为学生会主席。
UNIT1 SCIENCE FICTION
Review useful structures
【版本：新人教 册别：选择性必修四】
Scan the reading text and underline all the verbs in the passive voice. Then discuss with a partner why the passive voice is used.
was disturbing. (para 3) 4. … she was being offered sympathy by a robot, … (para 4) 5. As he was not allowed to accompany her to the shops, … (para 6) 6. So she rang Tony and told him she was being treated badly. (para 6) 7. How awful to be discovered by her, Claire thought. (para 6) 8. … , which was being completely transformed, would be ready. (para 7)
b. 某些与 can’t, won’t 等连用的不及物动词，如 move, lock, shut, open 等。
例：It can’t move.
The door won’t shut.
c. 某些可与 well, easily 等副词连用的不及物动词，如 read, write, wash 等。
例：My new pen writes well. The cloth doesn’t wash easily.
shall / will have been done
Review and Recall 特殊结构的被动形式 (1) 双宾动词的被动结构
例：He gave her some money. She was given some money. Some money was given to her.
带有双宾语的主动句，变被动句时，一般把“人”提前作主语； 将“物”提前则要在“人”的前面加 to 或 for。
Examination. He is expected _t_o_b_e__a_d_m__it_te_d_ to atop university.
Discuss with a partner why the passive voice is used. (P5 E1)
The passive voice is used to focus on the person or object that experiences an action rather than the person or object that performs the action. It is used when we don’t know the performer, or the performer is unimportant (and therefore omitted), or the performer is to be highlighted (and therefore placed toward the end).
It is hoped that ...
Review and Recall
(4)主动形式表被动意义 ① 有些不及物动词主动形式可表被动意义
a. 某些连系动词，如 feel, look, prove, smell, sound, taste 等。
例：The food tasted better than it looked.
6. The story __r_e_a_d_s__ (read) well. 7. Would you please keep silent? The weather report
_i_s_b_e_in__g_b_r_o_a_d_c_a_s_t (broadcast) and I want to listen. 8. Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future
The introduction of the passive voice:
语态用来表示主语与谓语之间的关系。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者 什么时候常用被动语态?
1. 不知道动作的执行者 2. 没有必要指出动作的执行者 3. 强调动作的承受者
The basic composition of the passive voice
international AI conference. (invite)
我很荣幸能被邀请在 AI 大会上发言。
8. When I entered the room, I found that the salesman’s salary
__w_a_s__b_e_in_g__d_i_s_c_u_ss_e_d__ at the meeting. (discuss)
Review and Recall
(3)“it + be + 过去分词 + 从句”式的被动结构 常见的结构有：
It is known that ...
It is reported that ...
It is suggested that ...
It is said that ...
It is believed that ...
一般时
进行时
完成时
现在时 am / is / are done
am / is / are being done
has / have been done
过去时 was / were done
was / were being done
将来时 shall / will be done
had been done
Review and Recall
例：The film is well worth seeing. The policy is partly to blame for causing the worst unemployment in Europe.
在 be worth doing 和 be to blame 结构中，动词 -ing 形式或动词 不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。
Review and Recall ② 非谓语动词的某些主动形式表示被动意义
例：The question is difficult to answer. Volleyball is very interesting to watch.
在“be + 形容词+ 不定式”结构中，不定式表示的动作与句子 主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系时，用主动形式表示被动意义。 常见形容词有：cheap, easy, comfortable, difficult, hard, light, heavy, expensive, pleasant, interesting, fit 等
performance in November. (build)
一个拥有三千座位,供马戏表演使用的场地于十一月建 成 / 将在十一月建成。
5. Working efficiency _h_a_s_b_e_e_n__im__p_r_o_v_e_d_ since this new software
was adopted. (improve)
我进会议室的时候发现正在讨论销售员的薪水。
9. With exams being adapted into Braille, a blind senior high school student scored 630 points out of 650 in the College Entrance
in New Jersey yesterday. 4. The pizza __t_a_s_te_s__ (taste) delicious without any cheese
at all.
The exercises of the passive voice
5. The company believes the products will ___s_el_l___ (sell) well in the run-up to Christmas.
6. Only one piece of carry-on luggage ____is__al_l_o_w_e_d____ for each
economy class passenger. (allow)
经济舱的乘客每人仅允许携带一件随身行李。
7. It is a great honour for me to____b_e__in_v_i_te_d___ to address this
1. It was going to be tested out by Larry’s wife, Claire. (para 1) 2. … but Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn’t harm her or allow her
to be harmed. (para 2) 3. Now she was being looked after by a robot that looked so human, and it
3. Two hundred grammes of flour should _b__e_a_d_d_e_d_ to the cake mix. (add) 蛋糕料里需要加入两百克面粉。
4. A 3,000-seat venue ___w_a_s__b_u_il_t_/_w__il_l_b_e__b_u_il_t__ for the circus
_b_e_lo_n_g_s_ (belong) to the well-educated.
Complete the sentences with appropriate forms of the verbs in brackets. Then try to translate these sentences into Chin复合宾语的动词的被动结构
例：His father called him Jack. He was called Jack by his father.
带复合宾语的动词变被动语态时, 一般将主动结构中的宾语变 为被动结构中的主语, 而将宾语补足语保留不动(这时的宾语 补足语为主语补足语)。
The exercises of the passive voice
1. The flight must _b__e _b_o_o_k_e_d_ (book) by tomorrow. 2. The twins _l_o_o_k_l_ik_e_ (look like) their mother. 3. She _w_a_s_i_n_v_it_e_d_ (invite) to Jack’s 16th birthday party
例：The carpet really wants cleaning (= to be cleaned). Most house plants require watering (= to be watered).
当 want, need, require, deserve 表示“需要”或“值得”时，其 宾语可用动词 -ing 形式的主动形式表示被动意义。
1. What is done cannot _b_e__u_n_d_o_n_e__. (undo) 木已成舟
2. Janet _w__a_s_e_l_e_ct_e_d_ chairwoman of the student union last month. (elect) 珍妮特上个月当选为学生会主席。
UNIT1 SCIENCE FICTION
Review useful structures
【版本：新人教 册别：选择性必修四】
Scan the reading text and underline all the verbs in the passive voice. Then discuss with a partner why the passive voice is used.
was disturbing. (para 3) 4. … she was being offered sympathy by a robot, … (para 4) 5. As he was not allowed to accompany her to the shops, … (para 6) 6. So she rang Tony and told him she was being treated badly. (para 6) 7. How awful to be discovered by her, Claire thought. (para 6) 8. … , which was being completely transformed, would be ready. (para 7)
b. 某些与 can’t, won’t 等连用的不及物动词，如 move, lock, shut, open 等。
例：It can’t move.
The door won’t shut.
c. 某些可与 well, easily 等副词连用的不及物动词，如 read, write, wash 等。
例：My new pen writes well. The cloth doesn’t wash easily.
shall / will have been done
Review and Recall 特殊结构的被动形式 (1) 双宾动词的被动结构
例：He gave her some money. She was given some money. Some money was given to her.
带有双宾语的主动句，变被动句时，一般把“人”提前作主语； 将“物”提前则要在“人”的前面加 to 或 for。
Examination. He is expected _t_o_b_e__a_d_m__it_te_d_ to atop university.
Discuss with a partner why the passive voice is used. (P5 E1)
The passive voice is used to focus on the person or object that experiences an action rather than the person or object that performs the action. It is used when we don’t know the performer, or the performer is unimportant (and therefore omitted), or the performer is to be highlighted (and therefore placed toward the end).
It is hoped that ...
Review and Recall
(4)主动形式表被动意义 ① 有些不及物动词主动形式可表被动意义
a. 某些连系动词，如 feel, look, prove, smell, sound, taste 等。
例：The food tasted better than it looked.
6. The story __r_e_a_d_s__ (read) well. 7. Would you please keep silent? The weather report
_i_s_b_e_in__g_b_r_o_a_d_c_a_s_t (broadcast) and I want to listen. 8. Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future
The introduction of the passive voice:
语态用来表示主语与谓语之间的关系。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者 什么时候常用被动语态?
1. 不知道动作的执行者 2. 没有必要指出动作的执行者 3. 强调动作的承受者
The basic composition of the passive voice
international AI conference. (invite)
我很荣幸能被邀请在 AI 大会上发言。
8. When I entered the room, I found that the salesman’s salary
__w_a_s__b_e_in_g__d_i_s_c_u_ss_e_d__ at the meeting. (discuss)
Review and Recall
(3)“it + be + 过去分词 + 从句”式的被动结构 常见的结构有：
It is known that ...
It is reported that ...
It is suggested that ...
It is said that ...
It is believed that ...
一般时
进行时
完成时
现在时 am / is / are done
am / is / are being done
has / have been done
过去时 was / were done
was / were being done
将来时 shall / will be done
had been done
Review and Recall
例：The film is well worth seeing. The policy is partly to blame for causing the worst unemployment in Europe.
在 be worth doing 和 be to blame 结构中，动词 -ing 形式或动词 不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。
Review and Recall ② 非谓语动词的某些主动形式表示被动意义
例：The question is difficult to answer. Volleyball is very interesting to watch.
在“be + 形容词+ 不定式”结构中，不定式表示的动作与句子 主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系时，用主动形式表示被动意义。 常见形容词有：cheap, easy, comfortable, difficult, hard, light, heavy, expensive, pleasant, interesting, fit 等
performance in November. (build)
一个拥有三千座位,供马戏表演使用的场地于十一月建 成 / 将在十一月建成。
5. Working efficiency _h_a_s_b_e_e_n__im__p_r_o_v_e_d_ since this new software
was adopted. (improve)
我进会议室的时候发现正在讨论销售员的薪水。
9. With exams being adapted into Braille, a blind senior high school student scored 630 points out of 650 in the College Entrance
in New Jersey yesterday. 4. The pizza __t_a_s_te_s__ (taste) delicious without any cheese
at all.
The exercises of the passive voice
5. The company believes the products will ___s_el_l___ (sell) well in the run-up to Christmas.