建筑英语论文(汉英对照)

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建筑文化根植于人居自然环境之中
不同的地域自然有不同的自然环境:地形地貌、日照角度、日月潮汐、水流风势、气温、气压、食物、土地、水质、植被等等。

作为人与自然中介的建筑,对外应有利于形成小区外部环境,对内应有利于保障人居的室内环境。

这些建筑像植物一样,落地生根,合天时,合地利,适宜于地区自然环境的要求,与大自然融为一体。

在东南亚和南亚各国,在中国的海南岛和台湾岛,椰林茂密,气候炎热,人们用椰树叶、棕榈叶盖起了适应热带雨林的茅草房、小木楼,通风、凉爽、轻盈、简洁,建起了热带雨林建筑。

在中亚、西亚,在中国的西部高寒地区,人们用石块垒砌、依山就势盖起了石板建筑,避风、挡雪、保温、御寒,筑成了高原山地建筑。

如中国的西藏、青海、四川等少数民族在中国西部依山就势建起了各式各样的山地建筑群。

在中国的黄土高原,漠北戈壁,雨量稀少,气候干燥,人们利用山边、土坡挖洞筑房,建起了具有鲜明特色的生土建筑。

甘肃敦煌艺术陈列馆把建筑埋入山坡下,半开敞式入口,山坡挡墙甬道,生土式建筑特征十分明显。

在美国的东部,在澳大利亚,在中国的南方,雨量充沛,气候温和,人们用木材、砖瓦依山就势,因地制宜,盖起了遮阳避雨、通风透气、造型别致的湿热地区建筑。

这些建筑形式多样,风格各异,适宜于不同地区自然环境,与风景、林木、地形融为一体,形成了根植于自然环境的各种建筑文化。

建筑既要根植于自然环境,又要服从于自然环境,这是建筑师必须遵循的一条基本原则。

社会时空环境差异造成建筑文化的多元化
不同的地域、不同的国家、不同的民族,有不同的社会历史形态。

欧洲国家、美洲国家、亚洲与非洲等发展中国家,国度不同,宗教信仰不同,经济发展状况不同,各地区的文化习俗也不同。

不同地区的人居社会时空环境的差异,造成了建筑文化的时空性和多元性,因而产生了古代的或现代的中国建筑文化、俄罗斯建筑文化、东南亚建筑文化、欧美建筑文化、非洲建筑文化等等。

欧洲的古希腊建筑、北非的古埃及建筑、南亚的古印度建筑、古代中国建筑是世界民族建筑文化的历史源流。

天主教、耶稣教、印度教、伊斯兰教、佛教等宗教的形成和发展,深刻地影响到信仰宗教的国家和地区,也深刻地影响到这些地区建筑,形成了丰富多彩的宗教建筑文化。

中国几千年悠久的历史文化,沿袭至今,既古老又博大,自古以来受到儒家、道家、佛教、禅宗等思想伦理的影响。

特别是儒教统治中国2 000多年,根深蒂固。

这种文化把儒、道、佛、禅各种思想观念兼收并蓄,融为一体,光辉灿烂,独立于世界民族之林。

建筑文化在一定条件下是可以转化的。

地域、民族性的建筑文化在一定条件下可以转化为国际性建筑文化,国际性建筑文化也可吸收、融合新的地区与民族性建筑文化。

在当今世界里,建筑文化的发展和进步,既包含前者向后者的转化,也包含后者对前者的吸收与融合。

这两者既对立又统一,相互补充,彼此影响,共同发展,只有保护和发展丰富多彩的各民族建筑文化,促进世界建筑文化的多元化构成,最终才能建立一个“和而不同”的人类社会。

中国古代建筑有着灿烂的成就,在宫室、园林、建筑空间的处理、建筑艺术与材料结构的和谐统一等方面,都有着卓越的创造与贡献,形成了迥别于西方建筑的特殊风貌,在人类建筑史上占有重要的地位。

时至今日,建筑文化的特质愈来愈引起人们的重视。

从建国后的北京人民大会堂到二十世纪末的香山饭店等建筑都继承了中国传统建筑艺术的精华,又融汇了西方现代建筑艺术的新观念、新技术,成为既有鲜活民族特色,又有强烈时代特征的建筑文化丰碑。

中国的城市建筑无论古代、当代,都是在特定的空间中产生的文化现象,其丰富性与复杂性令所有研究者无法回避。

自近代以来,中国文化开始了艰难的转变过程。

从传统社会向现代社会的转变,也是有赖于文化的转变。

如果说中国传统文化的历史脉络和演变轨迹是较为清晰的话,那么,近代以来的转变似乎显得非常复杂。

中国地域广阔,不同地区的文化和经济差异较大。

在近代以前,中国和西方城市无疑遵循着不同的发展道路,不仅形成了各自的政治、经济和文化制度,而且也形成了各自的城市规划风格和建筑风格。

近代以来,随着西方列强的侵入以及文化的传入影响,包括建筑文化在内的西方城市文化,开始对中国产生巨大的影响。

由此,包括建筑文化在内的中国城市文化,也开始了从传统到现代的深刻的转型。

当今,在我国的建筑理论和创作活动中,人们喜欢对传统与现代、继承与革新、中国与西方等一类建筑文化问题和现象进行比较和争论,这是必要的。

但是争论这些问题应该明确它的目的,那就是它应当促进一种文化的发展和建构,推动它的进步,而不是仅仅满足于依据对这些文化现象做出客观、准确的描述。

如:在讨论传统与现代、继承与革新的问题时,许多人热衷于从风格、形式或技术等方面去争论它们的高下、文野,却不是从它们与现代人的生存和生活的根本联系上去探讨它们的意义。

在讨论中西方建筑文化时,人们在对中西方空间观念、行为方式和生活态度等等进行详尽比较的基础上,发现和总结出中国人同西方人建筑观念的差异和各自的特点,进而在创作和理论中充分强调和体现这种特点,这当然是好的。

但是另一方面,人们却较少从人的存在状态的角度对传统与现代、继承与革新、中国与西方的建筑做出更进一步的价值判断。

于是,“传统”“现代”“继承”“革新”“中国”“西方”等等本身变成了目的。

建筑文化的比较和争论因此就没有达到应有的目的,不可能导致建筑文化的真正进步。

长期以来,在建筑史研究领域中,存在着一种“西方中心论”的观点,即认为西方城市建筑是历史传统,东方建筑是非历史传统。

在弗莱彻尔的《比较建筑史》上刊有一幅“建筑之树”的插图,树的中心主干标明是希腊、罗马、罗蔓式,上端的6根主分枝分别是欧美一些国家哥特式建筑、文艺复兴建筑和近代建筑。

却把埃及、印度、墨西哥、中国等都摆在下面一些纤弱的幼枝上,把美国放在这棵树的中心主干的顶端,极为形象地表达了作者的建筑“西方中心论”思想。

无可否认,西方城市建筑在近几个世纪以来确实发展迅速,无论在内容和形式上,还是在科技和理论上、美学形态上都走在世界的前列。

但是“西方中心论”的观点无疑是有问题的,世界建筑历史的发展,决不只此西方而别无殿堂,这已成为越来越多的建筑文化史家的共识。

①西方后现代主义建筑文化理论家佛朗普顿认为:传统建筑特别是民俗建筑是在特定地点形成的建筑体系,具有功能和结构上的合理性。

特别是在处理一些具体因素,如通风、采光、保温等方面具有优良的特点。

所以,不能简单否定依地点、体具体的地理情况和人文文化环境发展起来的地方风格。

对中国传统建筑文化的研究,是为了在理论层面上开拓一条中国建筑的健康发展之路。

建筑文化学并不局限于解释各种建筑文化现象,它是要为建筑文化的发展提供价值导向。

因此,建筑文化应该是批判的与实践的。

要提供价值导向,先要作出价值评判,所以必须树立一种价值观。

不同的人类都各有自己的文化背景,不同的建筑事件也都有一定的建筑文化影子。

然而文化也是一柄双刃剑。

一方面,任何文化都是精华与糟粕并存,即便是精华,也往往离不开具体的时空条件;另一方面,传统文化既可能成为一副沉重的十字架,扼杀现代人的创造潜能,也可以成为一座智慧的宝库,丰富我们的想象,扩大我们思维的尺度。

现实及未来生活的复杂要求,远非机械地搬用某一种传统方法、途径,就可以得到满足的,必须博采所长,取我所需。

另外,对于本特色的创造仍然是一个严肃的课题,需要结合具体地点、条件,对设计要求作具体分析。

在创作方法上,采用“抽象继承、迁想妙得”的原则,可能会找到一条新途径。

吴良镛提出所谓“抽象继承”是指从建筑传统中,将传统建筑的设计原则和基本理论的精华部分加以发展,运用到现实创作中来。

并且把传统形象中最有特色的部分提取出来,经过抽象,集中提高,作为母题,予以新意,以启发当前设计创作形式美的
创造。

同时应当摸到中国传统文化的脉搏,挖掘出传统建筑艺术的时间和空间内涵,首先是要重视和恢复建筑艺术的文化价值和精神功能,不能只把建筑艺术作品当作工业产品和生活用品,更不应当只抓其眼前的物质功能。

这样的继承,并非形式的抄袭或旧零件的排列组合,
既有创作原理的继承与发展,又有形象的借鉴与创造。

使设计既求神似,也不排斥某种程度、某一细节的形似,关键是根据地点、条件的需要。

而“迁想妙得”,“迁想”是将自己的想象力深入到对象的形象中去,“妙得”是指把握对象的真正神情。


中国传统文化博大精深,建筑文化也是同样。

我们应不仅从形式的角度,而且从文化的深度来理解传统,譬如:属于第一层面的,传统建筑中古典美的屋顶、斗拱、柱廊的造型特征,诗文、书画与工艺结合的装修形式,以及各式门窗菱格、装饰纹样;第二层面的,庭院式布局的空间韵律、自然与建筑互补的环境设计,诗情画意、充满人文精神的造园艺术,形、数、画、方位的表象与隐喻的象征手法;第三层面的,“天人合一”的自然观和注重环境效应的“风水”思想,阴阳对立、互动、相应的哲学思维和“身、心、气”合一的养生观,等等。

它们之中蕴含着丰富的内涵、深邃的哲理和智慧。

③这些都阐明,传统对现代的价值还需要我们在新建筑的创作中去发掘,去感知。

因此,我们应当努力去寻找传统的现代价值,在保存和发扬其传统精华的同时,摒弃其落后的,不适应现代发展的东西,寻求传统建筑文化和现代发展的结合点,体现传统建筑文化尊天地、重人本、讲亲和的唯物辩证思想。

弘扬传统建筑文化还可从传统建筑的设计原理、空间组合、构图手法、意念表达等方面有所启迪、有所继承和运用、有所发展创新,不断探索传统建筑思维与现代建筑思维、传统技术与现代技术、传统审美与现代审美意识的结合方式,把优秀的传统建筑文化结合到现代建筑文化之中。

中外建筑文化的发展与交融
建筑文化处于全球“大文化”系统之中,各民族、各地域的建筑文化在此共生共荣,组成了世界建筑文化的交响曲。

全球化的社会进程给文化交流带来了碰撞与会合,冲突与交融。

几千年来,中国受外来文化的影响渊源流长。

佛教文化本来发源于印度,随着西汉张骞出使西域,唐代玄奘法师赴印度取经传经,佛教影响中国2000多年。

但是,佛教的内容,佛祖的像貌,佛庙的形制与中国文化交融,形成和发展了独特的中国佛教建筑文化。

早在20世纪20年代,中国近代出国留学归国的建筑师,大多数是留美的学者,他们受当时西方学院派建筑文化观念和中国国粹主义建筑文化观念的双重影响,强调中西建筑文化交融的重点在建筑风格上,第一次创造性地设计出了一批精品,开创了中外建筑文化交融的新纪元。

例如由第一批留美建筑大师吕彦植先生20年代设计的广州中山纪念堂、南京中山陵等等,在当时中国建筑界的确起到了石破天惊的影响,推动了中外建筑文化的融合进程。

新中国建国初期,中国政体、机制照搬苏联模式,中国各地建设了一批具有俄罗斯建筑文化特征的建筑,形成和发展了中国50年代“社会主义”建筑文化。

改革开放以来,我国又一次打开国门,引入西方经济管理模式,模仿“欧陆风格”、港台建筑,后现代主义几乎风靡全国,形成和发展了中国80年代“改革开放”建筑文化。

不言而喻,世界各国的建筑文化均要受到当时当地政治体制、经济状况、技术水平的约束,相互冲突,相互交流,相互影响,相互融合。

然而,什么样的交融和交流具有生命力,经受得起时空的考验?只有那些吸取了东西方文化精髓,融合为本民族的地区与民族性建筑文化,才具有强大的生命力。

古今建筑文化交融的探索和追求
古今交融,古为今用,用什么?必须分析“古”与“今”在建筑内容上所发生的变化。

这些质的变化是社会制度、生产技术、生活习惯、工作方式、文化观念、建筑材料在建筑领域引发的必然结果。

正如吴裕容先生在评价法国工程师古斯塔夫。

艾菲尔设计的艾菲尔铁塔时指出的:“人们试图让每一种艺术适应人类生活发展的新方向,并且使所有的人类活动与迅速变化中的时代所造成的新情感相适应。


古今交融探索的是传统建筑与现代建筑相结合的问题。

我国传统建筑文化有着许多特点,如建筑群的总体布局,因地制宜,富于变化;建筑造型,丰富多彩;空间分隔,灵活多样;室内装饰,讲究内涵;色彩运用,五彩缤纷;庭园绿化,更是含蓄活泼,变化万千,在世界上独树一帜。

在创作现代建筑当中,当代建筑师应吸取古代建筑文化丰富的营养,按现代化多方面的要求,从分析各种矛盾中探索和追求适应人们生活发展的新方向,并且使人们的建筑活动与迅速变化中的时代造成的新情感相适应。

新中国成立以来,围绕继承中国传统,发扬民族形式,创作建筑艺术美的问题经历过多少次探索和讨论。

经历了解放初期模仿“大屋顶”的怀旧复古时期;经历了批判复古主义,照搬苏联“模式”的教条主义阶段;经历了文革批判洋奴哲学,推行“干打垒”穷过渡的年代;经历了改革开放初期崇尚西方,风靡“欧陆风情”时期。

经过反复摸索的艰难曲折以后,中国建筑师开始走继承传统,适应功能,采用高新技术,探索古今交融,实现建筑创作现代化的正确之路。

本文所谈建筑文化的环境与交融只是初步探讨,许多深层理论问题还须进一步研究。

我们这一代建筑师应当牢固地树立起“科学的建筑文化观”,以中国文化为主体,加速建筑文化与环境、与民族、与社会、与时代的交融进程。

注释
①陈立旭都市文化与都市精神.东南大学出版社.2002 第142页
②吴良镛,广义建筑学,清华大学出版社.1989,第65—66页
③杨永生.建筑百家言,中国建筑工业出版社,1998. 第62页
建筑英语论文
建筑学院城市规划

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In Southeast Asia andSouth Asia, in China's Hainan Islandand Taiwan Island,Coconut Grove dense, hot weather, people w ith palmleaves,palm-leafbuilt to adapt to thetropical rainforestof thatched rooms, small, ventilation,cool, lightweight, simple , built a tropical rain forest building.
In Central Asia, West Asia, inChina's western alpine region,peoplewithstones, the mountain has beenbuilt on the powerful stone building, takeshelter from thewind,blocking snow, heat,warm, buildingconstruction hasbecome plateaus. Such as China,Tibet, Qinghai, Sichuan andother ethnicminorities inC hina's western mountainsandon thepotential to buildawidevarietyof mountain building.
Loess Plateau inChina,the Gobi Mobei, low rainfall,dryclimate,peopleusethehillsideslopes builttunneling room, built with distinct characteristics ofimmature soil construc tion.Gansu Dunhuang Art Exhibition Hall of thebuilding buried inthe hillside, the semi-open entrance connected hillsideretainingwall, construction features of immature soilisvery obvio us.
In the easternpartof theUnited States, in Australia,in Chin a'ssouth,rainfall,mild climate, people use wood, brick andmountains onthe potential, in linewith local condi tions, build a shade shelter fromthe rain,ventilation, stylingand uniquearchitectural humid areas.
Thesearchitectural forms,of various styles,suitable for different regions of the natural environment,with the landscape, vegetation, terrain together, forming anaturalenv ironment is rooted inavariety of architectural culture.Buildingbothrooted in thenatural environment, but alsosubjec tto the natural environment, this isthe architects mustfoll ow a basic principle.
The social space-timecaused byenvironmentaldifferenc es in the diversification of architectural culture
Differentregions, different countries, different nationshavedifferent social and historical patterns.European countries,the Americas,Asia and Africaandother developing co untries, landof differentreligious beliefs, economic developmentof the different regions have differentcultural practices. Habitatindifferent parts ofthe social differences in timeand spaceenvironment, resulting in thearchitectural culture and the diversity oftime and space, resulting in a ncient or modern Chinesearchitectural culture, theRussian architectural culture, architectural culture in SoutheastAsia, Europe and the United States Architectural Culture,the African ArchitecturalCultureand soon. Ancient Greekarchitecture inEurope, North Africa,the ancient Egyptianarchitecture,the South AsianAssociation for the ancientIndian archite cture, ancientChinese architectureis the world'sarc hitectural andcultural history ofethnic origins.Catholic, Jesus taught,Hinduism,Islam, Buddhism,such as the formation and development ofreligion, a profoundimpact onthe religious beliefs of countries and regions,but also a profoundimpact on those areasof construction,forming arich and colorful cultureof religious architecture.
China several thousand years long history,has followedso fa
r,bothancientand extensive, sinceancienttimes byConfucianism, Taoism, Buddhism, Zen, such as the impact of ethical thinking. Especially Confucianism ruled Chinafor 2000years,deep-roo ted. To thiscultureof Confucianism,Taoism, Buddhisman dZen eclecticvariety of ideas,togetherbrilliant, independ ent nations of the world.
ArchitecturalCulture under certainconditions, canbe transformed.Geographical, ethnicandcultural constructionunder certain conditions, can be transformed into internationalarchitectural culture, and international architecturalculturecan also be absorbed,the integration of the region andthe national characterof the new architectural culture.In today's world, building a culture of developmentand progress, boththe transformation ofthe former tothe latter, which also includestheabsorption andintegration of theformer.Thetwo alsoboth opposing reunification, complement each other,affect each other and common development, only the protectionand development of a variety of architectural culture ofall ethnic gr oups, thepromotion of world architecturalculture of pluralism, and ultimately tocreate a "different and" the human society .
Chinese ancient architecturehasabrilliant achievemen t, in thepalace,gardens,construction ofspaceprocessin g, architectural art and material structure of harmony and unity,etc.,have excellent creativity and contributionto the formation ofthe regression of other buildings in the Westofspecialcharacter,in the humanconstruction played a nimportantrolein the history. Today,the natureof architectural culturemore and more attracted attention. From the GreatHall ofthe Peoplein Beijing afterthe founding of theend of thetwentieth century buildings,hotels,and other Xiangshan inherited the traditional Chinese architectural art ofthe essence,but also a combinationofmodern Western art of architecturenewconcepts, new technologies, tobecome both fresh ethniccharacteristics,strongcharacteristicsofthe times and theconstruction of cultural monument.China's urban construction regardless oftheancient and contemporary, are in aparticular space in cultural phenomenon,its richness and complexity of all the researchers can not beavoided.
Since modern times, Chinese culture beganthe difficult process of change. Fromatraditional society to a modern social changes,butalso dependson cultural change.Ifit is said t hat traditional Chinese culture inhistory and evolution of thetrack is more clear,then, thechanges in moderntimes seemve rycomplicated. China's vastterritory, different parts of the larg
er cultural and economic differences.
Inmoderntimes,Chinaand the westerncity undoubtedly follow a differentpath of development, not only to formtheirown political, economic andculturalsystems, but also formed theirown style of urban planning and architecturalstyle.In modern times,with the intrusion of Westernpowers, as well a simportedculture, including architecturalcultureof the Westernurbanculture, including the startof theChinese have an enormous impact. Because of this, includingthe ChinaArchitecturalCulture urban culture, but also the beginningof the transition from traditionalism tomodernizationprofoundtransformation.
Today, in China's architectural theory and creative activity, p eople fond of traditionand modernity,inheritanceand innovation,China andthe West, suchas a class ofarchitectural culture and the phenomenonof comparisonand controversy,it is necessary.But the debate ofthese issuesshouldbe made clear itspurpose,that is, it should promotea culture of development and construction, andpromote its progres s, andnot just besatisfied withthebasis ofthese culturalphenomena to make objectiveand accuratedescription. Such as: During the discussion of traditional and modern, inheritance and innovation of the issue, manypeoplekeen onfrom the style, form or technology to argue their superiority, the wild, butitis not with thepeoplefrom theirsurviva landlivelihood of the fundamental link goto explore theirmeaning. During thediscussion of Chinese andWesternarchitectural culture, people in the spaceofChineseand Western concepts, beha vior and attitudetoward lifeandso a detailedcomparison, based on the discovery and summeduptheChinese ar chitectural concepts with Westernersdifferencesandtheir respective characteristics,and then in creation and insufficient emphasison theory and embodythe characteristics of this,of course, is good.On theother hand,peopleare less humanexistencefrom the perspective ofthe state oftraditionaland modern,inheritance and innovation,Chine se and Westernarchitecture tomake furthervalue judgments. Thus, the"tradition"of "modern" "inheritance""innovation" "China" "Western"andso the purpose of turning themselvesinto. Building a culture of comparisonand debateshould t hereforenotachieve thepurpose ofarchitecturalculture can notlead to realprogress.
Along time, research in the field ofarchitectural history,thereis a "Western Centeron"The viewthat the West
is a historical traditionof urban construction,the EastBuilding of non-historicaltraditions.In"comparative Architectural History" on the issue there is a"construction of the tr ee,"withillustrations,the center of thetree trunkis marke dwith Greece,Rome,LoMan-style, top of thesix main branches are someEuropean and Americancountries Gothicarchitecture,Renaissance architecture and modern construct ion. ButEgypt,India,Mexico, Chinaand so before thefollowingnumber of delicate young branches, the United Stateson the centerof the tree trunk on top, great image toexpressthe author's construction of"Western-centered" thinking. There is no denying that theWestern Urban Architecture inthe past few centuriesis indeed developing rapidly, both in conten tandform,or in technology and theory,aesthetics are takin gshape on the forefront intheworld.However,"Western Center on the" point of viewis nodoubtthereis a problemwith thedevelopment of world architectural history,not justthe West,and no hall,which has become more andmore consen sus building and culturalhistorians.①Western post-modernist theoristsArchitectural CultureFrampton that:traditionalarchitecture,especially folkarchitecture is the formation of specific locations in the building system with afunction andstructure is reasonable. Especiallyin dealingwith a number of specificfactors,suchas ventilation,lighting, insulation,etc. withexcellent characteristics.Therefore,we can not simply deny according to thelocation,physical g eographyof the specific cultural environment andhuman devel opment of the local style.
Traditional Chinese architectural cultureresearch, is to open up a theoreticallevel,the health of Chinesearchitectural develop ment. BuildingCulturalStudies isnot confined to explain avariety of architectural culture phenomenon,it isto bu ilding a cultureof value-oriented development.Therefore, the architectural cultureshould be critical andpractice. Toprovidevalue-oriented,wemust make a valueassessment, i tis necessary to establish one setof values.Humanbeingsare different from their own cultural backgrounds, different building events are alsoa certain degree of architectural culture shadow. Butculture is also a double-edged sword. On the onehand,are the essence of anyculture coexist with thedross, even ifit isthe essence,butalsooften cannot be separated from the specificconditionsoftimeand space; On theother hand, both the traditionalculture may be aheavy
cross, stiflethe creative potential of modern people canalsobe b ecomeatreasurehouse of wisdom andenrich ourimagination,expand our scaleof thinking.
Realityand future requirements ofthecomplexity of life,farfrom beingmechanically copy a certain kind of trad itional methods,approaches, they can be met, we must absorb,d raw upontheir strengths needed to pick up my.Inaddition,the creationof the characteristics is still aserioustop ic,require a combinationof specificlocations,conditions, onthe design requirementsforspecific analysis.Creativ emethods,theuse of"abstract inheritance,moved likeawonderful"principle, may find a newway. Wu Liangyong,a so-called "abstractinheritance"means fromthe construction of traditional Chinesetraditional architectural design principles andthebasic theory of theessence of part of the development,appliedtothereality created in the past. And t he traditional imageofthe mostdistinctivepart of extracted through abstract and concentrate toimprove as a motif,be innovativeand creative design inorder to inspire the currentFormalcreation.At the same time,shouldtouchthe pulse ofChina's traditional culture,diggingout of the traditional architectural artconnotation of timeand space, firstof all,attention shouldbe paid totheart of architectureand the restoration ofcultural values and spiritual function,not onlythe architectural andartistic works as industrialproductsand daily necessities, more efforts should not only its immediatephysical function. Thiskind ofinheritance,isnot a form ofplagiarismor the oldparts of thepermutation and combination, both creativeprinciple ofthesuccession and development,and the imageof the drawing andcreativity. So that the design of both the spiritlikenessseek, norexclusive tosomeextent, thedetailsofthe shapeofa key isbased on the location, condition needs. And "want to move too wonderful," "move to" istotheir own imaginationint othe image of the object to,"Miaowas" refers to grasp the trueexpressionof the target. ②
Extensive and profound traditional Chineseculture,architecture is thesame culture. Weshouldnot only from theperspectiveoftheform, andfromculturetounderstandthe depth of thetraditional, such as: the first level,thetraditional beauty of classical architectureinthe roof,brackets,shapes portico features, poetry, calligraphyand technology combined withthe fitting-out forms,as wellas all kinds of doors andwindows Prism Grid, decorative patterns; second
level,the courtyard-style layoutof the spacerhythm,naturaland architecturalenvironment of complementarydesign, poetic, full of the humanistic spiritof gardening art, shape, number of p aintings,azimuththeappearance of a symboland metap horpractices;thethird level,"harmony betweenmanand nature"of the natureand focus onenvironmentaleffects of "feng shui" ofthought,yin-yangconfrontation, interaction,and thecorrespondingphilosophical thinkingandthe "body, mind, andgas" competent a concept of health, andso on. Ofthemcontains awealth of content,deep philosophy and wisdom. ③whichstates that the value oftraditional to mo dern needs in our newbuildingworksto discover, to perception.
Therefore,weshould try tofindtraditional,modernvalues,and carryforward inpreserving the essence of theirtr aditionalat thesame time,get ridofits backward, nots uited to modern developmentofthings,toseek traditional architectural culture and themodern developmentoftheco mbination ofpoints, reflectthetraditional architecture and cultural respectHeaven and Earth,Humanistic,say the pro-andthinking ofmaterialist dialectics.Carry forward the traditionof architectural culture are also availablefrom traditional architecture designprinciples, spatialcomposition, composition methods, ideas have inspired the expression,etc., have to inheritand use the developmentof innovation, continuous exploration of thinking oftraditional architecture andmodern architecturethinking, traditional technologies with modern technology,traditionaland modern aestheticofacombina tion of aestheticconsciousness, the outstanding traditional architectural cultureinto modern architecture culture.
Chinese andforeign construction and culturaldevelopment and blend
Architectural Culture in the global "big culture" systems,all na tionalities,all geographicalconstruction symbioticculture in this form the world's architectural culture Symphony.Social process of globalization has brought to the culturalcollision with the rendezvous, conflict andblend.
Forthousandsofyears, the Chineseculture to external sources of long. Buddhist culture have originated in India, Zhang Qianas envoyto the WesternRegionsofthe WesternHan Dynasty,Tang Dynasty Master XuanZangwent to Indiato learnfrom their experience Chuan-by, the impact of China's 2,000 years of Buddhism. However, thecontents ofBuddhism, Buddha,like Maung, the shapeswith the Chinese Buddhisttemplein
cultures,the formation anddevelopment ofa unique Chines eBuddhist architectural culture.
As early asthe 20th century, 20years,China'smodern architects returned from studyingabroad, mostofwhom are scholarsin the United States, theyarebuilding at thetim eofWestern academic and culturalconcepts and China Architectural Culture nationalistic concept ofthedouble impact,emphasizingcultural exchange between Chinesean dWesternarchitecturefocusedon the architecturalstyleforthe first time a creative wayto design a number of products, creating a cultural exchange between Chinese andforeign constructionof a new era. For example, the first batch of U.S.architect Mr. Lv Yanzhi Canton20's design Zhongshan Memo rial Hall, Dr.Sun Yat-sen in Nanjing and so on,in the Chines econstruction industry has played a reallyground-breakingeffect in stimulating the Chineseand foreign architectural cultureofthe integration process.
The early foundingof New China,theChinese government,mechanisms copied the Soviet model,the Chineseall over the building ofa group of Russian cultural identity buildingconstruction, the formationand development of China's 50's "socialism"of architecturalculture.Sincereformand openingup, China's open-door once again, theintroduction ofWestern economic management model to imitate, "European style", RTHK construction,post-modernism almost swept the country,theformation and development of China's 80's "reformand opening-up" constructionculture. It goes withoutsaying thatall countries inthe world of architectural culture at that time aresubject tolocal political systems, economicconditions, technical levelof restraint,in conflict with each other,mutual exchanges,mutual influence, mutual integration. However,wh at kind of fusion and exchange with vitality, stand the test oftime and space?Only thosewho learned theessence ofeastern and western cultures, integration-oriented areas of nationalc ulture and nationalcharacter of theconstruction only has great vitality.
Cultural exchange between old and modern architectural explorationand the pursuit of Ancient and modern cultures,the past servethe present, what? Need to analyze the "ancient" an d"today"in the constructionof content changes that have taken place. These qualitativechange is the social system, productiontechnology, living habits, work, cultural values,building materialsin theconstructionsector caused bythe inevitable result. As Mr.WuYurongin the evaluat
ion ofthe FrenchengineerGustave.Eiffel designed the EiffelTowernoted:"Peopleare trying toadaptto ever yhumanlife anart formthenewdirectionof development andto makeall thehuman activities andthe rapidly changing era of emotion caused by the new suit."
To explore ancient and modern blend of traditional architectu re and modern architecture combiningproblem.China'straditional architectural culturehasmany features, suchas the over alllayout ofbuildings,inline with local conditions, andbe full of change;architecturalstyle,rich and colorful; spaceseparated,flexibleand diverse;interior decoration,p ay attentionto the connotation;color to use,colorful;garden green, it isimplicitly lively, changeable,uniqueinth eworld.In the creation ofmodernarchitecture, the contemporaryarchitectsshouldlearnfromancient architecture and cultural wealthof nutrition, according tothe modernization of awide rangeof requirements,fromthe analysisof thevarious contradictionsin the explorationand pursuit of people's livesto adapt to the new direction ofdevelopmentand people's construction activities and the rapidcausedby the changing times adapt to newemotions.
Since the foundingof New China,focusing on the successionofChinese tradition, carry forward the, creative architectural artofthe problems the United States experienced anumber o fexplorationand discussion. Experiencedtheliberation o ftheearly to imitate the "bigroof" retro nostalgiaperiod; experienced a criticalretro, and copythe Soviet"model" dogmatism stage;experienced the CulturalRevolution,servi lity toforeigners critical philosophy,the implementation of"d ry-base hit,"the poor during the transition;experienced early ad vocateof reform and opening upthe West, thepopular"Hong Kongstyle"period. After exploringthe difficulties a ndsetbacks, China beganto follow the traditional architect,to adapt to function, theuse ofhigh-tech, to explore ancient and moderncultures,therealization ofthe modernizationofarchitectural creation of thecorrect way.
In thispaper,talkingabout building aculture of environment and blend onlypreliminarystudy, many deeptheoretical iss ues need furtherstudy.Our generation of architects should be fi rmly establishedthe "scientific concept of architectural culture" to the Chinese cultureas themainbody, to acceleratetheconstruction ofcultureandenvironment, and th enation, andsociety,andthe blending process with the times.。

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