中医外科英文试卷a

二十九期研究生专业英语考试试卷（A）
一.英译汉English-Chinese Translation
Eczema is a dermal inflammation with obvious effusing tendency caused by many internal and external factors, characterized by polymorpous and easy chronic skin rashes with easy recurrence and serious pruritus. The pathogenesis of this disaese is mainly a delayed allergic rection caused by complicated internal and external irritable factors.
Eczema belongs to the categories of “Damp Boil ”and “Damp Toxic Boil”.
Eczema is mostly caused by pathogenic wind,dampness and heat and chronic condition is often related to wind and dryness due to blood deficiency due to blood deficiency. The pathogenesis of this disease is mostly related to constitutional intolerance, leadingto accumulation of pathogenic wind dampness and heat in the muscle and skin.
If the spleen and stomach are damaged by improper food intake to lead to failure of the spleen in transporation,mitxure of the internal dampness and external pathogenic factors,or blood heat in the boday ,and severe dampness and heat can all result in acute attack of the skin rashes in the whole body due to in filtration of dampness and heat in the muscle and skin.
二.汉译英Chinese-English Translation
外科疾病初期伴有明显表证时,运用解表药物让邪从汗解,能达到使外科疾患消散于无形之中的治疗目的。

解表法可分为辛凉解表法与辛温解表法两类, 其代表方分别为:牛蒡解肌汤或银翘散、荆防败毒散或万灵丹。

解表法在使用用时,如疮疡溃后,日久不敛,体质虚弱者,即使有外感表证的存在,也不可贸然过于发汗,以防汗出过多,耗损正气。

三.阅读写作Reading Writing
Read the following article，please described the contents of the article with about 150 words.
The Specific Application of the Internal Therapy
1.Exterior-Relieving Method
When the obvious exterior symptoms are accompa-nied in tile initial stage of the external diseases,the herbal drugs that can relieve the exterior symptoms are used to obtain the goal to disperse the external diseases invisibly.The exterior-relieving method can be divided into two categories:pungent and cool exterior-relieving method and pungent and warm exterior-relieving method.The representative formulas are respectively"NiubangJiejiDecoction"or"YinqiaoPowder,"JingfangBaiduPowder,,or"W anLingPills", and the commonly used herbal drugs are Bohe(Herba Menthae), Sangye (Folium mori), Gegen (Radix puerariae), Chantui (Periostracum cicadae), NiUbangzi (Ructus Arctii), Lianqiao (Fructus forsythiae)(Pungent and cool exterior-relieving herbs); Jingjie (Herba schizonepetae), Fangfeng (Radix ledebouriellae), Qianghuo (Rhizoma seu Radix Notopterygii), Mahuang (Herb Ephedrae), Guizhi (Ramulus Cinnamomi), Shengjiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Recenas) (pungentand warm exterior-relieving herbs), etc. In the application of the extedor-relievirlg method,even if the exterior symptoms caused by exogenous factors exist in those patients with weak constitution and whose wound does not heal for a long time after ulceration breaks,it is not advisable to promote diaphoresis rashly in order to prevent over perspiration,because it can lead to syncope, yin exhaustion and yang depletion.
2.Interior-Dredging Method
This method is supposed to use the purgative herbs to discharge the toxins accumulated inside the body,in order to obtain the goal to eliminate food retention,disperse stagnation and accumulation,clear away heat,stop pain, eliminate pathogenic factors and expel toxins.This method is mainly suitable for acute abdomen.The interiordredging method can also be divided into two categories of the harsh purgative method and moist purgative method. The representative formulas are
respectively "Da Cheng Qi Decoction,or "Nei Shu Huanglian Decoction, and"Run Chang Decoction”.The commonly used herbal drugs are Dahuang(Radix et rhizoma rjei),zhishi(fructus aurantii immaturus), Binglang (Semen Arecae), Mangxiao(natrii sulfas) (harsh purgative),and Gualouren (Fuctus trichosanthis), Humaren(Fructus cαmαbis),Yuliren(Sem en Pruni), Fengmi(Mel) (moist purgative),etc. In the application of the harshpurgative method,it is necessary to master the indications strictly and stop using it immediately after illness is cured for avoiding over dose. This method must be carefully used for the patients m high age,weak constitution,pregnancy or women m period and children.
3.Heat-Clearing Method
This is one of the main therapeutic methods for the surgical diseases to use cool herbal drugs for clearing away and dissolving the accumulated heat and toxins, in order to obtain the goal to eliminate tumefaction and alleviate pain. In accordance with the different therapeutic purpose,the heat-clearing method commoniy used in the surgical disease cαn be further divided into the heat-clearing and detoxifying method, ying-system-clearing and blood-cooling method, Yin-nourishing and heat-clearing method, etc. In the heat-clearing and detoxifying formulas, based upon the therapeutic functions, there are respectively "QingWenBaiDu Drink", "HuanglianJieDu Decoction, and"WuWeiXiaoDu Drink". In the ying-system-clearing and blood-cooling fomulas, there are "Xijiao Dihulang Decotion". In the yin-nourishing and heat-clearing formulas, there is"Qin Gu power", etc. The commonly used herbal drugs that can clear away heat and dissolve boxins are Pugongying (Herba Taraxaci), Zihuadiding (Hmerba Violae), Jinyinha (Flos Lonicerae), Y ejuha (Flos Chrysanthemi indici), Huanglian(Rhizoma coptidis), Huangqin(Radix scutellariae), Huangbai(Cortex phellodendri), Shanzhizi(Fructus gardeniae), etc.The ying-system-clearing and blood-cooling herbs are Shuiniujiao(Cornu Bbali), raw Dihuang (Radix Rehmanniae), Mudanpi (ortex Moutan Radicis), Chishaoyao(Radix Paeoniaerubra), Zicao(Radix rehmanniae), Qiancao (Radix rubiae), etc. The Yin-nourishing and heat-clearing herbs are Zhimu（Rhizoma Anemarrhenae), Yinchaihu(Radix Stellariae), Digupi (Cortex lycii radicis ), Qinghao(Heraba artemisiae), Guiban(Plastrum testudinis), Biejia
(Carapx trionycis), Mamendong(Radix ophiopogonis), Xuanshen(radix scrophulariae), etc. In application of the heat clearing method, it is mcesary not to overuse the dose, in order to avoid damaging the stomach qi and influencing the healing of the wound.
4.Warn-Dredging Method
This method is supposed to use the herbs that cαn warm up the meridians and dredge the collaterals, and disperse cold and resolve phlegm for expelling accumulated pathogenic cold, in order to obtain the goal to break the tumefaction and heal the wound, and is a main therapeutic method for smdromes of yin cold. The warndredging method is also divided into two categories of the Yang-warming and phlegm-rdsolving method and meridian warming and cold-dispersing method. The representative formulas are respectively "Y ang HeDecoction"and "gui Si Ni Decoction".The commonly used herbal drugs are Fuzi (Radix Aconiti Praeparata ), Rougui (cortex cinnamomi), Ganjiang (Rhizoma zingiberis), Guizhi (Ramulus cinnamomi), Mahaung (Herba Ephedrae), Baijiezi (Semen Sinapis Albae)(warm yang and resolve Phlegm); Xixin (herba Asari), Guizhi (ramulus cinamomi), Shengjiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens)(warm the meridians and disperse cold), etc. In application of the warm-dredging method, it is necessary not to use it for a long time, in order to avoid consuming and damaging yin fluid and leading to other complications
5.Phlegm-Expelling Method
This is a therapeutic method to disperse tumefaction created by accumulation of pathogenic phlegm by using salty and cold herbs to resolve phlegm.Because phlegm or other problems caused by phlegm m predominance with other pathogenic factors are mainly manifested by mass and can also be manifested by discharged pus as tenacious as sputum,it is advisable to treat these diseases selecting the wind-expelling and phlegm-resolving method, stagnation-relieving and phlegm resolving method, and ying-system-nourishing and phlegm-resolving method respectively accordance with the different syndromes. The representative formulas are respectively "Niubang Jieji Decoction, plus "Er Chen Decoction, "Xiao Yao Powder, plus "Er Chen Decoction,and “x iang Bei Y ang Rong Decoction, etc. The commonly used
phlegm-resolving herbs are Niubangzi (Fructus Arctti), Jiangcan (Bombyx tryticatus), Xiakucao (Spica Prunellae), Banxia (Rhizoma pinelliae), Xingren (Semenm Armeniacaem Amarum), Chenpi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae), Yujin (Radix Curcumae), Haizao (Sargassum), kunbu (ThALLUS laminariae seu Eckloniate), Beimu (Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii), Xiangfu (Rhizoma cyperi), Baijiezi (Semen sinapis albae), Gualou (Fructus Trichosanthis), etc. Because the surgical diseases are often Complicated with qi stagnation and pathogenic fire and heat, it is very seldom to combine the warm phlegm-resolving method, in order to avoid supporting heat pro-duce fire.
6.Dampness-Removing Method
This is a therapeutic method to expel and remove pathogenic dampness by using the herbs that dry up dampness or induce diuresis with bland herbs. In the sur gical diseases, pethogenic dampness often causes problems together with pathogenic wind, heat and cold. The commonly used therapeutic principles are to expel wind and eliminate dampness, to clear away heat and dissipate dampness, to strengthen the spleen and remove dampness, and to nourish yin and resolve dampness. The representative formulas are respectively "Xiaofeng Powder", "Wu Shen Decoction",or"Bixie Shen Shi Decoction "Chu Shi Wei Ling Decoction", and "Zi Yin Chu Shi Decoction.” The commonly used herb that dry up dampness are Cangzu (Rhizma Atractylodis), Houpo (Cortex Magnoliae officinalis), Banxia (Rhizoma pinelliae), Chenpi (Pericarpium citri Reticulatae), etc; The Bland herbs to remove dampness are Bixie (Rhizoma Dioscoreae septemlobae), Huashi (Talcum), Yiyiren (Semen Coicis), Fuling(Poria), cheqiancao (Heba plantaginis), etc. the herbs to expel wind and eliminate dampness are Baixianpi (Cortex dictamni Radicis), Difuzi (FructusKochiae), Weilingxian (Radix clematidis), Qinjiao (Radix Gentianae Mαcrophyllae), etc. Besides that the damp ness-removing method must be used together with other therapeutic methods, it is also necessary to know that it can not be used for a long time，in order to avoid damaging yin, consuming qi and causing deficient condition.
7 .Qi-Regulating Method
This is a therapeutic method to restore the functions of qi activity and harmonize qi and blood by using the herbs that can regulate qi, in order to obtain the goal to diminish tumefaction and stop pain. The method to soothe the liver and relieve stagnation is commonly used. The representative formulas are “Xiao Y ao Powder”and “Qing Gan Jie Yu Decoction”. The commonly used herbal drugs are Chaihu(Radix Bupleuri), Xiangfu (RhizomaCyperi), Zhike (FructusAurantii, Sugeng (CaulisPerillae), Houpo (CortexMagnoliaeOfficinalis), Qingpi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae), Chenpi (Pericarpium citri Reticulatae), Muxiang (Radix Auklandiae), Wuyao (Radix linderae), Chuanlianzi (Fructus Melliae Toosendan), Y anhusuo (Rhizoma Corydalis), etc. The qi-circulating method should be used in combination of other therapeutic methods. Besides, it is necessary to avoid a disadvantage of qi exhaustion and Yin damage left over by excessive fragrant, dry, warm and harsh properties.
8 .Blood-activating Method
This is a therapeutic method to dredge the meridians and collaterals, and harmonize blood vessels by using the herbs that can activate blood and dredge the meridians, in order to obtain the goal to activate blood and resolve stagnation, and eliminate accumulation. The representative formulas are “Tao Hong Si Wu Decoction”, “Xue Fu Zhu Yu Decoction”. The commonly used herbal drugs a re Taoren(Semen Persicae), Honghua(Flos Carthami), Danggui(Radix Angelicae Sinensis), Chishaoyao(Radix Paeoniae Rubra), Danshen(Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae),Chuanxiong(Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong), Zelan(Herba Lycopi), Niuxi(Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae), etc. In the application, the blood-activating method is often used together with the qi-circulating method and phlegm-resolving method.
9. Interior-Promoting Method
This is a therapeutic method to strengthen the antipathogenic ability and bind up pathogenic factors by using the herbs that can support the anti-pathogenic ability and can expel pathogenic factors in combination, in order to obtain the goal to elevate the tumefaction and shrink its base for avoiding ulceration on the border and collapse of
tumefaction. It is mostly used in the middle stage of boils and sores and for those whose ulceration does not break after pus is formed, and whose pus is not completely discharged after ulceration breaks. In accordance with the different situation of the anti-pathogenic ability, it is also divided into the tonifying and promoting method and penetrating and promoting method. The tonifying and promoting method is suitable for the condition in which the antipathogenic ability is comparatively weak. The penetrating and promoting method is suitable for the condition in which the pathogenic factors are excessive but the deficiency of the anti-pathogenic ability is not obvious. The representative formulas are respectively “Tou Nong Powder”, and “Tuo Li Xiao DU Powder”. The commonly used herbal drugs are Huangqi(Radix Astragali seu Hedysari), Dangshen(Radix Codonopsis pilosulae), Baizhu(Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae), Danggui(Radix Angelicae Sinensis),baizhi(Radix Angelicae Dahuricae),Zaojiaoci(Spina Gleditsiae),C huanShanjia(Squama Manitis),etc. In the treatment, the interiorpromoting method is usually not used alone and often used together with the therapeutic methods for the initial stage of boils and sores.
10 .Tonifying Method
This is a therapeutic method to tonify the anti--pathogenic ability by using the tonic herbs, for rehabilitation of deficient condition. It is often used in the late stage of the diseases in the surgical diseases, in order to promote the healing of the wound and promote early recovery. The tonifying method is usually divided into four methods to benefit qi, replenish blood, nourish Yin and warm Yang.The representative formulas are respectively “Si Jun Zi Decoction”,“Si Wu Decoction”,“Liu Wei Di Huang Bolus”, “Fu Gui Ba Wei Bolus”, etc. The commonly used herbs that can benefit qi are Dangshen(Radix Codonopsis pilosulae),Huangqi(Radix Astragali seu Hedysari),Baizhu(Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae),Fuling(Poria),Prepared Gancao(Radix Glycyrrhizae),etc. The herbs that can replenish blood are Danggui(Radix Angelicae Sinensis), Prepared Dihuang(Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata),Baishaoyao(Radix Paeoniae Alba), Danshen(Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae),etc. The herbs that can nourish Yin are Gouqizi(Fructus Lycii),raw Dihuang(Radix Rehmanniae), Xuanshen(Radix Scrophulariae), Maimendong(Radix
Ophiopogonis), Nuzhenzi(Fructus Ligustri Lucidi), Hanliancao(Herba Ecliptae),etc. The herbs that can warm Y ang are Fuzi(Radix Aconiti Praeparata), Rougui (Cortex Cinnamomi), Xianmao (Rhizaoma Curculiginis), Yinyanghuo (Herbaepimedii ), Bajitian(Radix Morindae Officinalis), Lujiaopian(Cornu Cervi),etc. In the application of the tonifying method, in addition to careful consideration of the mutual supplement and coordination of the therapeutic methods, it is also necessary to protect the functions of the spleen and stomach attentively. On one hand, the herbs that nourish Yin and hinder the stomach cannot be used for too long time, in order to avoid damaging the stomach. On the other hand, for those with original deficiency of the spleen and stomach, it is necessary to regulate the spleen and stomach first. The tonifying method can only be applied after the healthy condition is restored in the spleen and stomach.。