ancient greek culture new(欧洲文化)
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●democracy: tyrannies often gave way to
democracy
●constitution: over 150 different independent ones
The constitution of Sparta Loyalty& bravery& Totalitarian
Politics:
Cities---quite small Power---soliders Citizens--slaves
Task Three
What influence do you think the Greek political tradition have on western modern political system?
worship
Olympic Games • Pythian Games ,at Delphi • Isthmian Games, at Corinth
●Worship also reflected individual independence
Berlin – Pergamo
Altar at Pergamon
Aeschylus(埃斯库罗斯), c. 525 /524 – 456 /455 BC Sophocles(斯福克勒斯) c.496-406 B.C Euripedes(欧里庇得斯) c.484-406 B.C
Sophocles
Oedipus ,the King Antigone
Oedipus complex
Warship, heavy infantry , hoplites, a phalanx
The Greco-Persian Wars , or Persian Wars
• The 5th century BC opened with events that shaped the future of Greek civilization and Western culture.
Parthenon：
golden ratio
Pediments (三角墙
Columns Ionian order
Doric order Corinthian order
●Sculpture
Venus
Laocoon Group
Discus Thrower
Please give each sculpture a story from your imagination.
Part one : The history of Greece
Part two: Greek religion and politics
Part three: Literature and Arts Part Four: Philosophy and Science
Part one : The history of Greece
Mycenaean culture lasts from 16BC to 12 BC, the Achaeans brought their language, their gods, and a monarchial form of government to Greece.
●Features of Mycenaean civilization
●the empire after Alexander
Antigonid, Ptolemies, Seleucid
Part two: Greek religion and politics
Ⅰ. Greek Religion
• Polytheism • Mycenaen Origin Religious athletic festivals
other deities
---Dionysus (Bacchus), a god of wine and spiritual ectasy, who was a son of Zeus. --- Pan, a horned god of shepherds and folk music.
---Hekate, a goddess of witchcraft and crossroads..
Ⅲ. Hellenistic Age (338—30 BC)
----the battle of Chaeronea in 338 BC
● the empire of Alexander the Great
--Alexander founded over seventy new cities
---Intermarriage; one currency; literature and arts further developed
The constitution of Athens Freedom&equality
Military state first
Personal selfregulation
Council and Assembly
Democracy for man
Polis
Democracy for all
※Aristotle’s idea on politics
Agamemnon’s mask
---the decline of Mycenaean civilization
Relics of Troy
Ⅱ. The Greek arrives
--Hellenes’
invasion
collapsed
Mycenaean
civilization
●Population growth and the establishment of colonies throughout the Mediterranean.
●Cretan(克里特) and Mycenaean(迈锡 尼) Culture
(2600-1200 BC , Bronze Age culture/Aegean civilization)
The empire of King Minos
Knossos :also known as Labyrinth(迷宫), or Knossos Palace
Museum
TASK Two
Q1. What do you think of polytheism in
ancient Greek culture?
Freedom / equality /positive/ emotional /rationalism
Ⅱ.Politics
●the city-states: small, self-governing.
Part three literature and arts
Ⅰ.the beginning of Greek literature. (800-700 BC)
●Epic :Homer’s (荷马) Iliad (伊利亚特) and Odyssey (奥德赛)
●Lyric poetry: Sappho c.612-580 BC(萨福)
●Pottery ●music
Part Four Philosophy and Science
---reason and inquiry
※tragedy
--human suffuring ---pleasure for audience --- ―three unities‖(Aristotle):catharsis ※Comedy satirized issues of the day.
Famous Tragedies
three tragedians:
●Historical writing Herodotus(希罗多德)(484420 BC) "Father of History" in Western culture.
The Histories
Thucydides (455-400BC)
(修昔底德)
History of the Peloponnesian War
---Fortress
--domed tombs (royal)
Tomb of Clytemnestra
The dynasty of domed
tomb reaches its
prosperity in Mycenaean
culture.
---warlike
Frescoes
---rich in gold
Ⅲ. Society and Education
●War and Slavery
● Greek education :a healthy, moderate and sensible man. ※an important part of the education of a young male was his sexual relationship with an older man. (homosexuality)
I. Predecessors of the Greeks
Ⅱ.The Greek Arrives
Ⅲ.The Hellenistic Age(希腊化时代)
Q 1. Where is Europe?
Europa
Q2. where is Greece?
Ⅰ. The predecessors of the Greeks
Electra complex
--his plays are more psychologically and dramatically advanced than those of Aeschylus
Aeschylus Prometheus Bound Agamemnonn Medea
■
■
father of ―scientific history‖
his strict standards of evidence-gathering and analysis in terms of cause and effect
Ⅱ. The Arts
● Architecture
Temples and the golden ratio. ---harmony and proportion
●Greek Legend on Crete • Minotaur: symbol of brutality and danger
• Labyrinth: a common metaphor in western literature—confusion and entrapment
• Daedalus: James Joyce, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man
I could not hope to touch the sky with my two arms.
• Pindar(品达) (c. 518-438 BC), was an • Ancient Greek lyric poet
--14 Olympian odes
●Drama: comedy or tragedy
• The Persian invasions: Darius and Xerxes are defeated in Greece
―I shall fight to the death. I shall put freedom before life. I shall not desert colonel or captain dead or alive, I shall carry out the general’s commands, and I shall bury my comrades-in-arms where they fall and leave none unburied‖.
• One comedy writer: Aristophanes. c. 450-c.338 BC • (阿里斯托芬尼斯)
Frogs, Clouds, Wasps, and Birds
Task
Try to make a comparison of tragedies between ancient Greek culture and Chinese culture.
democracy
●constitution: over 150 different independent ones
The constitution of Sparta Loyalty& bravery& Totalitarian
Politics:
Cities---quite small Power---soliders Citizens--slaves
Task Three
What influence do you think the Greek political tradition have on western modern political system?
worship
Olympic Games • Pythian Games ,at Delphi • Isthmian Games, at Corinth
●Worship also reflected individual independence
Berlin – Pergamo
Altar at Pergamon
Aeschylus(埃斯库罗斯), c. 525 /524 – 456 /455 BC Sophocles(斯福克勒斯) c.496-406 B.C Euripedes(欧里庇得斯) c.484-406 B.C
Sophocles
Oedipus ,the King Antigone
Oedipus complex
Warship, heavy infantry , hoplites, a phalanx
The Greco-Persian Wars , or Persian Wars
• The 5th century BC opened with events that shaped the future of Greek civilization and Western culture.
Parthenon：
golden ratio
Pediments (三角墙
Columns Ionian order
Doric order Corinthian order
●Sculpture
Venus
Laocoon Group
Discus Thrower
Please give each sculpture a story from your imagination.
Part one : The history of Greece
Part two: Greek religion and politics
Part three: Literature and Arts Part Four: Philosophy and Science
Part one : The history of Greece
Mycenaean culture lasts from 16BC to 12 BC, the Achaeans brought their language, their gods, and a monarchial form of government to Greece.
●Features of Mycenaean civilization
●the empire after Alexander
Antigonid, Ptolemies, Seleucid
Part two: Greek religion and politics
Ⅰ. Greek Religion
• Polytheism • Mycenaen Origin Religious athletic festivals
other deities
---Dionysus (Bacchus), a god of wine and spiritual ectasy, who was a son of Zeus. --- Pan, a horned god of shepherds and folk music.
---Hekate, a goddess of witchcraft and crossroads..
Ⅲ. Hellenistic Age (338—30 BC)
----the battle of Chaeronea in 338 BC
● the empire of Alexander the Great
--Alexander founded over seventy new cities
---Intermarriage; one currency; literature and arts further developed
The constitution of Athens Freedom&equality
Military state first
Personal selfregulation
Council and Assembly
Democracy for man
Polis
Democracy for all
※Aristotle’s idea on politics
Agamemnon’s mask
---the decline of Mycenaean civilization
Relics of Troy
Ⅱ. The Greek arrives
--Hellenes’
invasion
collapsed
Mycenaean
civilization
●Population growth and the establishment of colonies throughout the Mediterranean.
●Cretan(克里特) and Mycenaean(迈锡 尼) Culture
(2600-1200 BC , Bronze Age culture/Aegean civilization)
The empire of King Minos
Knossos :also known as Labyrinth(迷宫), or Knossos Palace
Museum
TASK Two
Q1. What do you think of polytheism in
ancient Greek culture?
Freedom / equality /positive/ emotional /rationalism
Ⅱ.Politics
●the city-states: small, self-governing.
Part three literature and arts
Ⅰ.the beginning of Greek literature. (800-700 BC)
●Epic :Homer’s (荷马) Iliad (伊利亚特) and Odyssey (奥德赛)
●Lyric poetry: Sappho c.612-580 BC(萨福)
●Pottery ●music
Part Four Philosophy and Science
---reason and inquiry
※tragedy
--human suffuring ---pleasure for audience --- ―three unities‖(Aristotle):catharsis ※Comedy satirized issues of the day.
Famous Tragedies
three tragedians:
●Historical writing Herodotus(希罗多德)(484420 BC) "Father of History" in Western culture.
The Histories
Thucydides (455-400BC)
(修昔底德)
History of the Peloponnesian War
---Fortress
--domed tombs (royal)
Tomb of Clytemnestra
The dynasty of domed
tomb reaches its
prosperity in Mycenaean
culture.
---warlike
Frescoes
---rich in gold
Ⅲ. Society and Education
●War and Slavery
● Greek education :a healthy, moderate and sensible man. ※an important part of the education of a young male was his sexual relationship with an older man. (homosexuality)
I. Predecessors of the Greeks
Ⅱ.The Greek Arrives
Ⅲ.The Hellenistic Age(希腊化时代)
Q 1. Where is Europe?
Europa
Q2. where is Greece?
Ⅰ. The predecessors of the Greeks
Electra complex
--his plays are more psychologically and dramatically advanced than those of Aeschylus
Aeschylus Prometheus Bound Agamemnonn Medea
■
■
father of ―scientific history‖
his strict standards of evidence-gathering and analysis in terms of cause and effect
Ⅱ. The Arts
● Architecture
Temples and the golden ratio. ---harmony and proportion
●Greek Legend on Crete • Minotaur: symbol of brutality and danger
• Labyrinth: a common metaphor in western literature—confusion and entrapment
• Daedalus: James Joyce, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man
I could not hope to touch the sky with my two arms.
• Pindar(品达) (c. 518-438 BC), was an • Ancient Greek lyric poet
--14 Olympian odes
●Drama: comedy or tragedy
• The Persian invasions: Darius and Xerxes are defeated in Greece
―I shall fight to the death. I shall put freedom before life. I shall not desert colonel or captain dead or alive, I shall carry out the general’s commands, and I shall bury my comrades-in-arms where they fall and leave none unburied‖.
• One comedy writer: Aristophanes. c. 450-c.338 BC • (阿里斯托芬尼斯)
Frogs, Clouds, Wasps, and Birds
Task
Try to make a comparison of tragedies between ancient Greek culture and Chinese culture.