详解a visit to the zhoukoudian caves
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2020/4/1
8. We have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick, which suggests that they might have kept the fire burning all winter.
我们一直在挖掘一层层的积灰, 几乎有 六米厚, 这说明他们可能整个冬季都在
2020/4/1
但当suggest作“建议”讲时, 其用法为: (+doing) I suggest her going home at once．
我建议她马上回家。
+(that)… should do…
I suggested (that) she (should) go home at once． 我建议她要马上回家。
我们在山的比较高的洞穴里发 现了动物和人类的骨头以及工 具和其他物品。
2020/4/1
• as well as 1) conj.
• as well as 可以用来连接两个相 同的成分, 如名词, 形容词, 动词, 介词, 通常不位于句首。意为“ 不但......而且”。
• She sings as well as playing the piano.
正如谚语所说的那样, 伪装的敌人就像是 披着羊皮的狼。
2020/4/1
b. part 前无 adj. 修饰时为不可数名词, 前面 不用冠词；其前有adj. 修饰时为可数名词，
要用冠词。
The blues has been part of African American culture since then and it is ulture．
确实, 正如植物学分析具体显示给我 们的那样, 附近所有的土地都曾是大型 浅湖的一部分。
2020/4/1
a. as引导的非限制性定语从句常译作“正如
—— 那样”。
As the proverb goes, “The enemy in disguise is just like the wolf in sheep’s clothing.”
2020/4/1
Who are they ?
Peking Man
2020/4/1
2020/4/1
Peking Man Site One of the most significant archaeological finds in 20th century
2020/4/1
Reading
2020/4/1
我已经找了三天我丢的书, 但仍 没找到。 2020/4/1
b. 句中 “ which” 用来引导非限制性定语 从句, 先行词为其前的句子。 c. suggest vt. “暗示, 意味, 表明”
Her pale face suggests that she was ill. 她苍白的脸色表明她病了。 The handwriting of the letter suggests that the letter might be from a lady． 从书信的字体上看, 写信人是一位女性。
Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors
2020/4/1
2020/4/1
2020/4/1
2020/4/1
What are they doing ?
excavate
2020/4/1
collect
identify and analyze
2020/4/1
2020/4/1
2020/4/1
见到她。 B: 她可能和朋友游泳去了。
2020/4/1
10. Yes and so well preserved． ……还保存得如此完好。 这是省略的句子, 完整句应是: …and it is so well preserved (it指necklace)
2020/4/1
11. Yes, indeed, as the botanical analyses have shown us, all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake．
烧火。
2020/4/1
a. “have been excavating”是现在完 成进行时, 表示从过去开始一直延 续到现在, 强调动作的继续。
I have been looking for my lost book for three days, but I still haven’t found it．
自从那以后布鲁斯就已经是非美文化的一 部分, 而且现在仍是美国文化的重要部分。
2020/4/1
2020/4/1
2) keep them warm为keep+宾语+宾语 补足语的结构意为 “使......处于某种状 态（情况）”。用作宾语补足语常见的 词有现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副 词以及介词短语。
He kept me waiting for half an hour. Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.
3. We have been excavating here for many years and ...
[重点] have been doing 是现在完 成进行时，表示到现在为止一直 在进行的动作，这个动作可能仍 在进行，也可能停止了。
2020/4/1
4. I’m sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here?
我们必须清楚地认识到许 多动物正濒临灭绝的危险。
2020/4/1
be aware of sth. 知道；意识到 Though most smokers are
aware of the dangers of smoking, they won't given up.
c. it’s here that we… 是强调句, 其基本句式是It is (was)+被强调 部分+that 2020/4/1 (who)+句子其他部分
2020/4/1
interrupt
1)阻断, 中断
Don’t interrupt him, for he hasn’t finished yet.
2) 打岔; 插嘴 It is rude to interrupt.
2020/4/1
5. We have found human and animal bones in those caves higher up the hill as well as tools and other objects.
2020/4/1
2) prep. 相当于besides, in addition to， 意为“除......之外”, 后面通常接 名词或动词。
As well as eating five course
meals, they drank two bottles of
wine.
2020/4/1
6. So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves, regardless of the cold．
很抱歉打扰你, 我想问问他们 是怎么在这里生活的？
句型“I’m sorry...but...”是口 语中委婉的表达, “but”表示语义 上的转折。
2020/4/1
— Are you free this weekend? — I’m sorry, but l have lots of work to do． --- 周末有空吗? --- 对不起, 我有大量的事要做 。
因此我们有理由认为他们不 顾寒冷住在这些洞穴里。
2020/4/1
assume vt. 1)假定：设想
The scientists assume that there are no animals on the moon．
科学家设想月球上没有动物。 2) 装作
She assumed a look of surprise． 她装出一副吃惊的样子。
2020/4/1
regardless of
1) 不管; 不顾
prep.
He climbed the building, regardless of the danger．
不管有多危险, 他还是爬上了大厦。
2) 尽管
We will persevere regardless of past
failures. 尽管以前我们失败过, 但仍要坚持下去。
You must be hungry after a long walk．
走了很长的路, 你一定很饿。
2020/4/1
对正发生或进行的事进行推测, 用 “must be doing”。
The light is on. He must be doing his homework now． 灯亮着, 他一定正在做作业。
2020/4/1
7. That would have kept them warm, cooked the food and scared wild beasts away as well.
他们用这火取暖、做饭, 还能用 火吓跑野兽。
1) would 表示猜测, 译为 “想 必……”、“肯定会……”。
2020/4/1
[考点] might have done是“情态动 词+ have done”，表示对过去情况的 推测。此外，“must / can / could / may + have done”也表示对过去发 生的事情或情况的推测。
2020/4/1
might have done A: Where was your sister? I didn't see her at the party． B: She might have gone swimming with some friends． A: 你姐姐上哪儿去了? 聚会时我没
Explanation 1. alternative n．替换物 There are some alternatives to our plan. 有几种方案可以代替我们的计划
。
2020/4/1
2. You must be aware that it's here that we found evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this part of the world.
想必你们知道, 正是在这儿 我们找到了居住在世界这个部 分最早人类的证据。
2020/4/1
1. You must be aware that…主句后接由 强调句和定语从句组成的宾语从句。 must是作为情态动词表示肯定推测 , 译作“一 定, 肯定”。只用于肯定推 测。 对现在或将来事实推测，用 “must do”。
对过去的事进行推测, 用“must have done”。
The ground is wet. It must have rained last night. 2020/4/1 地是湿的, 昨晚一定下雨了。
2. aware adj．意识到的, 知
道的。通常用作表语。
We should be aware that a lot of animals are becoming endangered．
8. We have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick, which suggests that they might have kept the fire burning all winter.
我们一直在挖掘一层层的积灰, 几乎有 六米厚, 这说明他们可能整个冬季都在
2020/4/1
但当suggest作“建议”讲时, 其用法为: (+doing) I suggest her going home at once．
我建议她马上回家。
+(that)… should do…
I suggested (that) she (should) go home at once． 我建议她要马上回家。
我们在山的比较高的洞穴里发 现了动物和人类的骨头以及工 具和其他物品。
2020/4/1
• as well as 1) conj.
• as well as 可以用来连接两个相 同的成分, 如名词, 形容词, 动词, 介词, 通常不位于句首。意为“ 不但......而且”。
• She sings as well as playing the piano.
正如谚语所说的那样, 伪装的敌人就像是 披着羊皮的狼。
2020/4/1
b. part 前无 adj. 修饰时为不可数名词, 前面 不用冠词；其前有adj. 修饰时为可数名词，
要用冠词。
The blues has been part of African American culture since then and it is ulture．
确实, 正如植物学分析具体显示给我 们的那样, 附近所有的土地都曾是大型 浅湖的一部分。
2020/4/1
a. as引导的非限制性定语从句常译作“正如
—— 那样”。
As the proverb goes, “The enemy in disguise is just like the wolf in sheep’s clothing.”
2020/4/1
Who are they ?
Peking Man
2020/4/1
2020/4/1
Peking Man Site One of the most significant archaeological finds in 20th century
2020/4/1
Reading
2020/4/1
我已经找了三天我丢的书, 但仍 没找到。 2020/4/1
b. 句中 “ which” 用来引导非限制性定语 从句, 先行词为其前的句子。 c. suggest vt. “暗示, 意味, 表明”
Her pale face suggests that she was ill. 她苍白的脸色表明她病了。 The handwriting of the letter suggests that the letter might be from a lady． 从书信的字体上看, 写信人是一位女性。
Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors
2020/4/1
2020/4/1
2020/4/1
2020/4/1
What are they doing ?
excavate
2020/4/1
collect
identify and analyze
2020/4/1
2020/4/1
2020/4/1
见到她。 B: 她可能和朋友游泳去了。
2020/4/1
10. Yes and so well preserved． ……还保存得如此完好。 这是省略的句子, 完整句应是: …and it is so well preserved (it指necklace)
2020/4/1
11. Yes, indeed, as the botanical analyses have shown us, all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake．
烧火。
2020/4/1
a. “have been excavating”是现在完 成进行时, 表示从过去开始一直延 续到现在, 强调动作的继续。
I have been looking for my lost book for three days, but I still haven’t found it．
自从那以后布鲁斯就已经是非美文化的一 部分, 而且现在仍是美国文化的重要部分。
2020/4/1
2020/4/1
2) keep them warm为keep+宾语+宾语 补足语的结构意为 “使......处于某种状 态（情况）”。用作宾语补足语常见的 词有现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副 词以及介词短语。
He kept me waiting for half an hour. Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.
3. We have been excavating here for many years and ...
[重点] have been doing 是现在完 成进行时，表示到现在为止一直 在进行的动作，这个动作可能仍 在进行，也可能停止了。
2020/4/1
4. I’m sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here?
我们必须清楚地认识到许 多动物正濒临灭绝的危险。
2020/4/1
be aware of sth. 知道；意识到 Though most smokers are
aware of the dangers of smoking, they won't given up.
c. it’s here that we… 是强调句, 其基本句式是It is (was)+被强调 部分+that 2020/4/1 (who)+句子其他部分
2020/4/1
interrupt
1)阻断, 中断
Don’t interrupt him, for he hasn’t finished yet.
2) 打岔; 插嘴 It is rude to interrupt.
2020/4/1
5. We have found human and animal bones in those caves higher up the hill as well as tools and other objects.
2020/4/1
2) prep. 相当于besides, in addition to， 意为“除......之外”, 后面通常接 名词或动词。
As well as eating five course
meals, they drank two bottles of
wine.
2020/4/1
6. So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves, regardless of the cold．
很抱歉打扰你, 我想问问他们 是怎么在这里生活的？
句型“I’m sorry...but...”是口 语中委婉的表达, “but”表示语义 上的转折。
2020/4/1
— Are you free this weekend? — I’m sorry, but l have lots of work to do． --- 周末有空吗? --- 对不起, 我有大量的事要做 。
因此我们有理由认为他们不 顾寒冷住在这些洞穴里。
2020/4/1
assume vt. 1)假定：设想
The scientists assume that there are no animals on the moon．
科学家设想月球上没有动物。 2) 装作
She assumed a look of surprise． 她装出一副吃惊的样子。
2020/4/1
regardless of
1) 不管; 不顾
prep.
He climbed the building, regardless of the danger．
不管有多危险, 他还是爬上了大厦。
2) 尽管
We will persevere regardless of past
failures. 尽管以前我们失败过, 但仍要坚持下去。
You must be hungry after a long walk．
走了很长的路, 你一定很饿。
2020/4/1
对正发生或进行的事进行推测, 用 “must be doing”。
The light is on. He must be doing his homework now． 灯亮着, 他一定正在做作业。
2020/4/1
7. That would have kept them warm, cooked the food and scared wild beasts away as well.
他们用这火取暖、做饭, 还能用 火吓跑野兽。
1) would 表示猜测, 译为 “想 必……”、“肯定会……”。
2020/4/1
[考点] might have done是“情态动 词+ have done”，表示对过去情况的 推测。此外，“must / can / could / may + have done”也表示对过去发 生的事情或情况的推测。
2020/4/1
might have done A: Where was your sister? I didn't see her at the party． B: She might have gone swimming with some friends． A: 你姐姐上哪儿去了? 聚会时我没
Explanation 1. alternative n．替换物 There are some alternatives to our plan. 有几种方案可以代替我们的计划
。
2020/4/1
2. You must be aware that it's here that we found evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this part of the world.
想必你们知道, 正是在这儿 我们找到了居住在世界这个部 分最早人类的证据。
2020/4/1
1. You must be aware that…主句后接由 强调句和定语从句组成的宾语从句。 must是作为情态动词表示肯定推测 , 译作“一 定, 肯定”。只用于肯定推 测。 对现在或将来事实推测，用 “must do”。
对过去的事进行推测, 用“must have done”。
The ground is wet. It must have rained last night. 2020/4/1 地是湿的, 昨晚一定下雨了。
2. aware adj．意识到的, 知
道的。通常用作表语。
We should be aware that a lot of animals are becoming endangered．