初中英语动词不定式讲解试题及

初中英语动词不定式解说试题和答案
一、作主语，能够用it 取代， it 叫形式主语，动词不定式放在后边叫真实主语
1． To learn a foreign language is not easy.
It is not easy to learn a foreign language.
2. It’s dangerous to drive very fast.
二、作表语
My idea is to ring him up at once.我的想法是立刻给他打电话。

假如主语部分含实义动词 do，且作表语的动词又是“do的”内容，这时表语不定式的“to ”能够省略。

如： All I did was wait here. 我能做的就是在这里等。

三、常可接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：agree(赞同 ), hope(希望 ), decide(决定 ), need(需要), mean( 打算 ), wish( 希望 ), fail( 失败 ), want( 想要 ), begin( 开始 ), would like( 想要 )等。

He has decided to go to the countryside.他已信心去乡间。

四、“疑问词 + 动词不定式”构造能够作动词know 、 think 、 find out 等的宾语。

I don ’t know who to ask.我真不知道该问谁。

五、“疑问词 + 动词不定式”能够作动词show、 teach、 ask 等后边的直接宾语。

She told me where to find the earphone.她告诉我什么地方能够找到耳机。

六、假如宾语太长，可用it 作形式宾语，组成“主语+ 谓语+ it + 宾语不足语 (名词或
形容词 ) + to do sth ”构造，谓语动词常为find 、 think 、 feel 等。

I found it difficult to stop him.我发现拦截他很困难。

七、动词不定式能够作介词的宾语。

Autumn harvest is about to start.秋收立刻开始。

I ’m worrying about what to do next. 我正愁下一步该怎么办。

八、作定语的动词不定式与被修饰词有动宾关系。

I have a lot of books to read.我有很多书要读。

此时，假如动词不定式动词为不及物动词，后边的介词绝对不可以省略。

We had only a cold room to live in.我们只有寒室一间。

九、作定语的动词不定式与被修饰词有主谓关系。

He is always the first to come and the last to leave.他老是第一个到，最后一个走。

十、作定语的动词不定式与被修饰词之间只有修饰关系。

We have no time to go to town today.今日我们没有时间去城里。

十一、作状语的动词不定式常表示目的、原由、方向、结果等。

I ’m glad to meet you.见到你，我很快乐。

They ran over to welcome the foreign guests.他们跑过来欢迎外宾。

十二、不定式复合构造“for sb to do sth 可用”作主语、表语、定语、状语等。

It ’s for her to decide这.得由她来决定。

（表语）
There are many books for you to read.这有很多书供你阅读。

（定语）
The book ids too difficult for children to read.这本书太难了，孩子们看不懂。

（结果状语）不定式复合构造作主语时，需注意：
It ’s 形+容词+ for / of + sb + to do sth.
当上边的形容词指的是to do sth 的性质时，用介词for 。

It ’s dangerous for children to swim in the river. 孩子在这条河里游泳很危险。

（游泳这件
事情危险）
当上边的形容词指的是 sb 的性质时，用介词 of。

这些形容词常常修饰人： good, bad, polite, unkind, kind, nice, clever, right, wrong, careful, careless
It was careless of you to do that.你这么做真马虎。

（你这个人马虎）
十三、动词hear, see, feel, watch, notice, look at, listen to等后边的动词不定式作宾语补
足语时不可以带to, 即常有的形式为: hear sb do sth 等
Many people like to watch others play games.很多人喜爱看他人玩游戏.
十四、let, make, have 后边的动词不定式作宾语补足语, 也不可以带to; help 后边的动词不
定式作宾语补足语, to 无关紧要
She let us meet her at the station, but she didn’她让tcome我们去.车站迎接她,卡她没有来.
十五、十三和十四这两种状况下的动词不定式在改被动语态句子时,一定将省略的to 还
原,也就是说 ,动词后需跟带 to 的动词不定式 .
We heard him sing every day.
He was heard to sing every day.那时每日都听到他唱歌.
十六、跟带to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词还有: ask, beg, leave, like, love, hate, prefer, order, teach, tell, believe, find, know, want, think, understand, would like等
形式为 : ask sb to do sth
Would you like me to visit him要不要我拜见他
I would prefer you not to come tomorrow.我情愿你明日不要来.
He ask the driver to stop the motobike.他要那位司机拦下那辆摩托车.
十七、差别以下词组的不一样含义:
① like to do sth
like doing sth
② stop to do sth
stop doing sth
③ remember to do sth
remember doing sth
④forget to do sth
forget doing sth
十八、 It takes sb some time to do sth. 花销某人一段时间干某事.
It took me half an hour to do my homework yesterday.昨天我花了半小时做回家作业.
It took Jim an hour and a half to read the book.吉姆花了一个半小时看这本书.
It took mother one and a half hours to do the housework.母亲花了一个半小时干家务.
用汉字表述上边的句型为:It + take + 人 + 一段时间+ to do sth.
一段时间形式常常为像这样的例子:fifteen minutes15分钟,an hour一个小时, two days两天, half a month 半个月 ,a year and a half 一年半 ...等等
十九、不定式的特别句型too to
① too to太以致于
He is too excited to speak.
他太激动了，说不出话来。

---- Can I help you需要我帮忙吗
---- Well, I'm afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it, but thank you all the same.
不用了。

这箱子太重，唯恐你搬不动。

感谢您。

②如在 too 前有否认词，则整个句子用否认词表达一定，too 后那个词表达一种委宛
含义，意为 "不太 " 。

It's never too late to mend.(谚语 )
悔过不嫌晚。

③当 too 前方有 only, all, but 时，意思是：特别等于very。

I'm only too pleased to be able to help you.我特别快乐能帮助你。

He was but too eager to get home.他特别想回家。

二十、不定式的特别句型Why not
"Why not + 动词原形" 表达向某人提出建议，翻译为："为何不" 干"吗不 " 比如：
Why not take a holiday
干吗不去度假
练习
依据括号内的动词,用适合的形式填空,空内可能不仅填一个词,使句子完好意思正确
1.They usually __________ kites on Sundays. (fly)
2.Look! The dogs __________ after the cat. (run)
3.Miss Gao __________ English in our school since she came here. (teach)
4.The class meeting _________ last Wednesday afternoon. (hold)
5.You should let him __________ the work by himself. (finish)
6. Meimei __________ to wash the old woman’s clothes twiceevery week. (go)
7.Mr Jiang __________ us Chinese last term. (teach)
8.My father __________ back from Japan tomorrow. (come)
9.It ’s seven o ’clock now. The Greens __________ breakfast together. (have)
10.Jim __________ many Chinese songs since he came to China. (learn)
11.Please remember __________ the window when you leave the room. (close)
12.After school some students began to do some __________ in the classroom. (clean)
13.English __________ widely in the whole world today. (speak)
答案
1.fly,
2. are running,
3. has taught,
4. was held,
5. finish,
6. goes / went,
7.taught,
8. is going to come / is coming / will come / comes
9. are having, 10.has learned, 11. to close, 12. cleaning,
13.is spoken。