【精品】高中英语(人教大纲)第二册下：Unit13 The water planet(备课资料)

Reference for Teaching
Ⅰ.异域风情
Blackpool
Blackpool is Britain’s most popular holiday destination.It attracts more visitors every year than Greece and has more tourist accommodation than the whole of Portugal.It has the largest number of rollercoaster in Europe and every year 6.5 million people visit Blackpool’s Pleasure Beach.In the winter,Blackpool attracts thousands of visitors.
Blackpool has ten kilometres of beach but the sea is quite polluted,and most visitors prefer to walk up and down the Promenade next to the sea.The Promenade has many of the traditional attractions of British seaside resorts.There are amusement arcades,bingo halls and shops that sell rock—the traditional souvenir for many visitors—and other sweets.
Blackpool has restaurants from all over the world—Chinese,Indian and Thai restaurants are particularly popular.However,the favourite food is fish and chips.In fact,Blackpool consumes more chips than any other place on Earth.It uses up nearly 20 hectares of potatoes a day!
Seaside towns such as Blackpool and its neighbour Morecambe became popular in Victorian times because of the railways.Working people took trains to escape from the large industrial cities for the day.Today,the British seaside holiday is in decline.Holidays abroad are often cheaper and the weather is usually better.So many seaside towns,such as More cambe,are suffering.In 1956 More cambe had 1 300 hotels and guesthouses.Today it has only 130.However,Blackpool is the exception.The number of visitors is increasing and a trip to Blackpool is still popular with people of all ages.
Ⅱ.知识归纳
1.break短语归纳
break可用作动词或名词，表示“打破，停止，爆炸，暂停”等意思。

常见的短语有：break away (from somebody/something)突然挣脱/逃脱（束缚）
break down（因机械、电力等故障）停止运转，失灵，失效；分解
break into something强行进入某处
break off突然停止
break out(指激烈事件）突然发生
break up (with somebody)与某人断交
break of day拂晓
e.g.The prisoner broke away from his guards.
囚犯从看守者手中逃脱了。

Our car broke down on the motor way.
我们的车在高速公路上抛锚了。

His house was broken into last night.
他的房子昨晚被破门而入。

Fire broke out during the night.
火灾发生在那个晚上。

She’s just broken up with her boyfriend.
她刚刚与男朋友断交。

2.that短语归纳
that常见的短语有：
now that既然，由于，引导原因状语从句。

not that并不是说
that is (to say)（作插入语）即，也就是（可略为i.e.）
for all that尽管如此
and all that诸如此类
with that接着
in that既然（常用于书面语中）
e.g.He should have called me now that he has known my telephone number.
既然他已知道我的电话号码，就应该给我打电话。

They decided to meet a month later,that is,May 1.
他们一个月后见面，也就是5月1号。

Learning English is necessary in that it helps you to communicate with foreigner.
学英语很有必要，因为它能帮助你和外国人交流。

With that (with these words) Lily left the room.
接着（说完话）李莉就离开了房间。

Because she was very poor,she had to sell clothes,house and all that.
由于她很穷，她不得不卖掉衣服、房屋以及诸如此类的东西。

Ⅲ.词语辨析
1.learn of,learn from,learn…from,learn by
(1)learn of后接人或事物名称，是“听说，了解到”的意思，指间接地获得信息，of有时可用about代替，不过,learn about还有“学习有关方面的知识”的意思。

e.g.We were sad to learn of his death.
听到他逝世的消息，我们很悲伤。

I learned of her success in the newspaper.
我从报纸上得知她成功的消息。

(2)learn from后接表示人的名词，是“向……学习”的意思；后接事物名词，是“从……学习”的意思。

e.g.We must learn from Comrade Lei Feng.
我们应该向雷锋同志学习。

We learnt a lot from this film.
从这部电影中我们学到很多东西。

说明：learn…from还可表示“得知，听说”。

From your teacher,we learned that you were ill that day.
我们从老师那里知道那天你病了。

(3)learn by后接事物名词时，意为“从……学习”，可用learn from代替；接动名词时，意为“通过……方式学习”。

e.g.You should learn a language by speaking it.
你应该通过说话学习一种语言。

Wise men learn by other men’s mistakes.
聪明人从别人的错误中学习。

说明：learn by heart意为“熟记”。

Learn the passage by heart.
熟记这段文章。

2.affect,effect
(1)affect为动词，多指不好的“影响”。

e.g.He was affected in character by his family.
他的性格受他的家庭影响。

Are her interests affected by it?
她的利益受到它的影响了吗？
(2)名词effect常用于have an effect on（对……有影响）这一短语中。

e.g.The medicine had no effect on him.
这药对他无效。

Every word from the parents will have an effect on the child.
家长说的每句话都将对孩子产生影响。

3.opportunity,chance
(1)opportunity指符合人们意愿或目的的一般机会，意为“良机，机会”。

e.g.What a wonderful opportunity it is!
多么难得的机会呀！
（2）chance意为“运气，机会”。

指侥幸的或偶然的机会，强调命运的安排。

e.g.Chance sometimes plays an important role in some card games.
在许多纸牌游戏中，运气有时起着重要的作用。

说明：chance可以表示“可能性”，opportunity不能这样用。

e.g.The chances are five to one that they will win.
他们获胜的可能性是五比一。

4.be full of,be filled with,fill…with
(1)full of是形容词短语，含义与filled with相似，可以充当状语、定语（后置）或表语。

e.g.As we got to the house,everything I touched seemed to be full of life.(表语)
当我们回到家时，我所接触的样样东西似乎都洋溢着生命。

Crusoe stared at the footprint,full of fright.（状语）
克鲁索盯着那个脚印看，满怀恐惧。

He saw the bottle full of water.(定语)
他看到了装满水的那个瓶子。

(2)be filled with是系表结构。

e.g.The girl is filled with joy.
那个女孩内心充满了喜悦。

The hall was filled with people.
大厅里挤满了人。

说明：过去分词短语filled with…也可用作状语或定语。

e.g.Filled with strength,he managed to pull himself up.
使出了力气，他自己成功地站了起来。

（3）fill…with有“使……充满……”或“将……装满……”的意思。

fill用作及物动词。

e.g.I have filled the glass with water.
我已将玻璃杯盛满了水。

Wang Lin filled his pockets with peanuts.
王林将他的口袋里装满了花生。

Ⅳ.能力训练
1.单句改错（情态动词专练）
(1)—Must I finish this work today?
—No,you mustn’t.
答案：mustn’t改为needn’t。

情态动词must用于一般疑问句，否定的回答通常用“No,…needn’t.”不用“No,…mustn’t.”。

(2.)It mustn’t be true.
答案：mustn’t改为can’t。

must表示推测时，通常只用在肯定结构中，它的否定形式应用can’t。

(3)You need go and see her.
答案：need改为need to。

need用作情态动词时，只能用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句。

在肯定句中，need用作实义动词，后面需接带to的动词不定式。

(4)You must write to your brother yesterday.
答案：must write改为should have written。

must没有过去形式。

“should have+过去分词”表示“过去应该做而没有做到的事”。

含有责备的意思。

(5)You must tell a lie.
答案：must tell改为must have told。

对过去某事的推测要用must加上完成时态，对过去某事用否定式推测常用can not加完成时态。

(6)—Could I take this seat?
—Yes,you could.
答案：第二个could改为can。

情态动词could,might,would有时并不表示过去，而是表示说话语气委婉，或可能性较小，特别是当它们用于Could I…？Might I…?Would you…?时，在回答时就直截了当用can,may和will形式。

(7)There ought to not be much noise in a hospital.
答案：ought to not改为ought not to。

ought to do的否定式是ought not to。

而其疑问式应将ought移至句首。

(8)Mary must catch a cold,she had a high fever last night.
答案：must catch改为must have caught。

本句句意为“玛丽准是感冒了。

她昨晚发高烧”。

根据句意是表示对过去的推测，因此用“must have+过去分词”结构。

2.翻译填空
(1)用什么方法能把这个弄干净？
______ ______ ______ ______ ______to clean this?
答案：What is the best way
(2)你能用英语把意思表达清楚吗？
Can you ______ ______ ______ ______ ______?
答案：make yourself understood in English
(3)在这里我们不大有机会听好的音乐。

We ______ ______ ______ ______ for hearing good music here.
答案：have not much opportunity
(4)吸烟会导致肺癌吗？
Does smoking ______ ______ lung cancer?
答案：contribute to
(5.)这种手套保暖。

These gloves will ______ ______ ______ ______.
答案：keep your hands warm
(6)她的眼泪止不住地顺着面颊往下流。

Her tears ______ ______ ______ ______ ______.
答案：flowed freely down her cheeks
(7.)真是难以相信，这么简单的主意竟没有人想到。

______,no one had ever thought of such a simple idea before.
答案：Incredibly
Ⅴ.高考真题
1.(2004上海春)The elderly need special care in winter,as they are ______ to the sudden change of weather.
A.sensitive
B.sensible
C.flexible
D.positive
简析：选A。

全句意为：“老人们在冬天需要特殊照料，因为他们对气候的突变很敏感。

”根据此句意，应首先排除flexible（灵活的）和positive(肯定的),sensible意为“明智的；明显的”，sensitive意为“敏感的；易察觉的”，常用句型为“sb.be sensitive to something”。

2.(2004上海春)There is no light in the dormitory.They must have gone to the lecture,______?
A.didn’t they
B.don’t they
C.mustn’t they
D.haven’t they
简析：选D。

在“must have done”结构中所引起的附加疑问句一般有两种形式。

一种为“haven’t(hasn’t)+主语”，另一种为“didn’t+主语”，但其主干句中必须有明确的过去时间状语。

故应排除A、B、C。

3.(2004上海春)You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers ______ not like the design of the furniture.
A.must
B.shall
C.may
D.need
简析：选C。

must not like意为“禁止喜欢”，不符合句意，排除A。

shall作“将”解时，不用于第三人称，排除B。

need not like不符合句意，排除D。

may not like既符合语法，也符合句意。

4.（2004湖北）
—Excuse me.Is this the right way to the Summer Palace?
—Sorry,I am not sure.But it ______ be.
A.might
B.will
C.must
D.can
简析：选A。

will表意愿一般不用于推测，排除B。

must用于肯定句中表示有把握的推测与I am not sure不符，故应排除C。

can/could常用于疑问句和否定句表示有可能，排除D。

might用于肯定句中，表示无把握的推测，符合句意。

5.（2004江苏）—I don’t mind telling you what I know.
—You______.I’m not asking you for it.
A.mustn’t
B.may not
C.can’t
D.needn’t
简析：选D。

mustn’t不准；can’t不可能；may not可能不；needn’t没必要。

根据句意可知是“你没必要告诉我”。

其他三个选项不行。