高中英语Unit1GreatScientists第3课时ReadingII课件新人教版必修

Pre-reading
We know the first scientist is Copernicus. He was one of the first scientists to use mathematical observations to collect information. He believed the sun is the center of the universe and the earth and other planets went around it. The chart on P.7 shows his theory.
Before Copernicus’ Showing Copernicus’
theory
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The Earth was stationary at the center of the solar system, and the Sun and planets revolved around it.
Copernicus’ Revolutionary Theory
Eight Planets In the Solar System
Eight Planets In the Solar System:
Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune
The Sun is stationary at the center of the solar system, and the Earth and the other planets orbit around it.
Analyze the following picture carefully and try to explain how a loop is formed.
◆ As a scientist, one should be brave. But Copernicus was afraid of being attacked by the Christian Church. So he had hidden his theory for so many years. What do you think of this?
(3) What had the astronomers noticed in the sky? (Para 2) They had noticed that some planets in the sky seemed to stop, move backward and then go forward in a loop. Others appeared brighter at times and less bright at others. (4) When did Copernicus complete his theory? (Para 3)
He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth. He also suggested that the earth was spinning as it went round it and this explain changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars.
Because his theory is now the base on which all our ideas of the universe are built. His theory replaced the Christian idea of gravity which said things fell to earth because God created the earth as the centre of the universe, He showed this was obviously wrong.
2. Copernicus noticed that observed from the earth, some planets appears in front of or behind the earth. F
3. Copernicus didn’t show his new theory to his friends until he completed it. T
Between 1510 and 1514 he worked on it, gradually improving his theory until he felt it was complete.
(5) How did he explain changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars? When did he publish his idea? (Para 4)
He published it as he lay dying in 1543
(6) Why do people think that there is a direct link between his ideas and the work of Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking?
1496 Went to Italy to study astronomy and law at the University of Bologna
1497 Began observations of the Sun, Moon, and planets 1514 Wrote Commentariolus, an outline of his astronomical ideas, but did not circulate it widely 1543 Published De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Celestial)
水星 金星 地球 火星 木星 土星 天王星 海王星
Mnemonics (记忆术) Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune
Can you use a good method to memorize them ?
My Very Easy Method: Just Set Up Nine Planets.
Read through the passage, and tell whether the following statements are true or false.
1. At Copernicus’ time, Christian Church was in charge of many western countries. T
Discussion:
If you were Nicolaus Copernicus, would you have hidden your theory for so many years? Why?
As a scientist, Copernicus was more cautious than coward. If he had published his ideas at his time, he would have been killed just as Bruno who was burnt to death because his theory was against the Christian Church’s. Every time when a new idea appears, there are always rejections. It’s normal. Scientists should have patience to spread their truth.
Disagree:
1.Copernicus was very coward. He should speak out his discovery and let the world know the truth earlier.
Read the text carefully, then answer these questions
(1)Why could he not tell about his theory? (Para 1)
Because the powerful Chistian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea (2) What was his theory about? (Para 1) All his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion: that the earth was not the centre of the solar system. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.
高中英语Unit1GreatScientists第 3课时ReadingII课件新人教版必
修
Read the passage and find the experiences of Copernicus:
Birth: February 19, 1473 Death: May 24, 1543 Place of Birth: Toruń, Poland Career: 1491-1494 Studied mathematics at Kraków Academy
6. Newton, Einstein, and Hawking are all scientists who made contribution to the study of the universe. T
Read carefully and try to draw the two theories of the universe.
Agree: 1.He was cautious. if he had published his ideas, he
would have been killed just as Bruno who was burned to death because his theory was against the Christian Church. 2.Every time when a new idea appears, there are always rejections. It’s normal. Scientists should have patience to spread their truth. 3.It made no sense for him to publish his theory in a hurry. He was just cautious not coward. He should protect himself first.
4. His friends were not interested in his ideas. F
5. Since he was not afraid of being attacked by the Church, Copernicus published his book as soon as he finished working on it. F