how to write an outline

Homework for this week:
1.复习UNIT 6
2.听UNIT 3 的听力
3.预习UNIT 8，背单词，熟读1-5段
4.听四级听力做四级真题一套
5。

写作文
Part one: How to write an outline
Don’t Hesitate to Say No
There are many occasions on which people should say “no” directly when they are asked for help.
However, it is not the case in our real life. People tend to… because…
In fact, there are many disadvantages in doing so.
Should the University Campus be Open to Tourists?
Nowadays, there has been a heated discussion on whether the university campus should be open to tourists. Some people hold that… While some other people…
People who prefer to… have their reasons.
However, others may disagree (not agree).
Were I to offer my choice, I would not hesitate a moment to say that I favor the former side. Because…
Reading Selectively or Extensively?
Some people think that when we read, we should read selectively. That is to say, … Reading selectively helps us to..
Some people, however, think we should read extensively. That is to say, … They argu e that…
I think the two reading methods have their own advantages. However, their disadvantages are easy to see. If we only,… Therefore,…
Jobs for Graduates
Recently, there has been a heated discussion on the issue of the lack of jobs for university graduates.
The reasons for this phenomenon may be due to the following:
My suggestion to deal with the problem are as follows. In the first place；Secondly；
Finally.
How to Develop a Topic Sentence into a Paragraph?
⏹Give examples to prove your statement
⏹Give possible reasons for the phenomenon
⏹Explain yourself: That is to say…
开篇put forward your question:
1. Many countries have been faced with the problem of ...
2. Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.
3. Recently the issue has aroused great concern among ...
4. Nowadays there is a growing concern over ...
5. According to a recent survey, ...
主体段落
People who prefer ………………have their reasons: The first reason for their choice is, they maintain, that ……………………….. Besides, ………, they go on to point out, ……………………………... What is more important, ……………………………….. they also claim that ……………………………………………………………….
But others may not agree. They would argue that ……………………………………...; what is worse, they emphasize, ………….………..……………………………………………;final ly, they insist that ……………………………………
结尾段--Ending
⏹我们知道文章的开头很重要，因为好的开头可以吸引读者、抓住读者的注意力。

同
样，文章的结尾也很重要，好的结尾会使读者对全文的中心思想留下深刻的印象，可以增添文章的效果和说服力，让人深思，回味无穷。

确切地说，结尾的作用就是概括全文内容，进一步强调或肯定文章的中心思想，使读者加深印象；有时也用于展望未来，提出今后方向或令人深思的问题给读者留下回味和思考的余地。

⏹
但是，如何才能写好英文短文的结尾呢?下面就介绍两种写结尾段最常用的方法：1. 重复中心思想回到文章开头阐明的中心思想或主题句上，达到再次肯定和强调的效果。

(例1) “Practice Makes Perfect” is really one of the keys to success. No matter how clever you are, you can’t succeed without lasting efforts and practice.
(例2) With all these benefits, it is no wonder that holiday commercialism is becoming more and more popular with people than ever.
2．作出结论文章最后用几句话概括全文内容，并进一步阐明作者的观点。

On the whole，there are more advantages than disadvantages in the use of internet. Yet
different people may have different attitudes toward it. But we must realize that internet in itself is neither good nor bad. Its value to people and society depends on how we look at it.
1. From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that ...
2. It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop ...
3. It is necessary that steps should be taken to ...
4. To solve the above problem, we must ...
5. With the efforts of all parts concerned, I believe the problem will be solved quickly.
6. Taking all these into account, we should take actions to...
7. Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear...
8. Who is right? Of course both sides have their reasons. Were I to offer my choice, I would not hesitate a moment to say that I favor... After all, ...
结尾段的常用核心句型
⏹It is high time that we pay great attention on the situation of…
⏹It is high time that we put an end to the unhealthy situation (phenomenon) of…
⏹There is no easy solution to the problem of…, but… might be useful.
⏹Unless there is a common realization of…, it is very likely that…
⏹It is essential that effective measures should be taken to prevent the situation.
⏹It is suggested that great efforts should be made to control the growth of…
⏹It is hoped that great efforts should be focused on finding (developing/improving)…
下笔创作过程（15-20分钟）
下笔创作过程即段落的展开，考生要用贴切的词与句将自己的所思所想所感一层层地明确表达出来。

考生要注意以下几点：
1) 写好第一句话。

给阅卷者留下一个好印象。

尽量不使用自己没有把握的词语或句型。

2) 结构要清晰。

可以按照题目给出的提纲逐条展开，注意段落间的起止要明确、醒目。

比如每一段起头内进约四个字母空格。

3)多用衔接性的词组或单词。

如“first, second, moreover, for one thing...., for another, on the one hand...., on the other”等等。

可以把它们置于段首或文中比较显著的位置，这样会使文章更具条理性。

4) 如有可能，适当加上一两句名言或是谚语，起画龙点睛、升华主题的作用，当然也显示你见识的广博、对目标语掌握的火候。

同样要确定自己有十足的把握且在切题的前提下才引用。

5) 注意结尾的时候要点题，把自己的观点明确说出来。

6) 文章不要写得太长(在120-150之间)，否则容易引起阅卷者的反感。

写好一篇作文的注意事项：
1.适当用被动代替主动，这样能更客观的反映事实, 句子开头不要总是用we / I （比如写结尾时不用we should pay attention to而用Attention should be paid to. ）
2.善于使用插入语，比如说把副词、连接词等，作插入语放在中间，一般放在主语、动词或者助动词后，两边分别加上逗号。

如however / therefore /for example/I believe 做插入语放在中间，一般放在动词，助动词后，两边分别加上逗号。

比如说：Other people, however, take the attitud e that …
检查与修改过程（3-5分钟）
初稿一定存在着某些不妥之处，故需要最后订正。

首先检查内容是否切题，论点是否明确，论据是否充分，结论是否合理，然后检查语法是否正确，语句是否通顺，用词是否贴切，数字是否准确，表达是否恰当，拼写是否正确，标点是否得当等等。

不要把中文的标点符号照搬到英语里，比如：汉语在几个词并列时习惯用顿号（、），在提到书名时用书名号（《》），但英语不用顿号用逗号、也不用书名号，将书名每个实词的首字母大写就可以了。