19-20版：（步步高）核心素养提能练

核心素养提能练
“阅读理解＋完形填空”组合练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Visitors to Britain may find the best place to sample local culture is in a traditional pub.But these friendly pubs can be dangerous places of potential gaffes(失礼)for the newcomers.
A team of researchers have discovered some of the unknown customs of British pub—starting with the difficulty of getting a drink.Most pubs have no waiters—you have to go to the bar to buy drinks.A group of Italian youths waited 45 minutes before they realized they would have to fetch their own.This may sound inconvenient，but there is a hidden purpose.
Pub culture is designed to promote sociability in a society known for its reserve.Standing at the bar for service allows you to chat with others waiting to be served.The bar counter is possibly the only site in the British Isles in which friendly conversation with strangers is considered entirely suitable and really quite normal behavior.“If you haven’t been to a pub，you haven’t been to Britain.” This tip can be found in a booklet，Passport to the Pub：The Tourists’ Guide to Pub Etiquette，a customers’ rule of conduct for those wanting to sample “a central part of British life and culture”．
The trouble is that if you do not follow the local rules，the experience may fall flat.For example，if you are in a big group，it is best if only one or two people go to buy the drinks.Nothing annoys the regular customers and bar staff more than a group of strangers blocking all access to the bar while they chat and hesitate about what to order.
语篇解读这是一篇说明文。

在英国，酒吧是体验当地文化的最佳去处，并介绍了在酒吧里你需要遵守的一些规则。

1．The underlined word “sample” in the first paragraph probably means “”．A．defend B．experience
C．test D．record
答案 B
解析词义猜测题。

根据第一段第一句“Visitors to Britain may find the best place to sample local culture is in a traditional pub.”可知画线单词是“经历，体验”的意思，故选B。

2．The culture of pub in Britain is so developed to .
A．encourage people to communicate with each other
B．encourage more people to consume drinks
C．attract more tourists to the pubs
D．form its own character of culture
答案 A
解析细节理解题。

根据第三段第一句“Pub culture is designed to promote sociability in a society known for its reserve.”可知酒吧的目的是鼓励人们交际，故选A。

3．What does the author mean by giving the example of a group of Italian youths in Paragraph 2? A．British pubs don’t always have waiters or waitresses.
B．There is always a hidden purpose in most British pubs.
C．It is quite convenient for people to get a drink in British pubs.
D．Not knowing the custom of British pubs may cause inconvenience.
答案 D
解析推理判断题。

根据第二段“Most pubs have no waiters”及最后一段内容可知，在英国的酒吧里是需要自己去点喝的，而且如果是一大群人的话最好是一两个人去点，进而推断出如果不知道英国酒吧的习俗会造成不便，故选D。

Ⅱ.完形填空
Wes Winter was delivering mail when he met a little boy named Logan.At four years old，little Logan began to 4 of becoming a mailman one day.So，he would wait for the mail to 5 each day—even in the cold!
Logan’s action truly touched Wes，who was 6 to leave his job at the post office.So，on the last day of his work，the mailman wrote a letter to the little boy，which 7 ：“Hello Little Mailman，
I only met you once.I was 8 that day，but you were still sitting at the gate 9 for me to come around.It was very 10 outside，but you didn’t care.You just wanted to see the mailman.
Today is my 11 day delivering mail.I really enjoyed it，but I’ve found a 12 that fits me better.
I wanted to give you a 13 so you don’t feel cold the next time you’re waiting for the next mailman.If you decide it’s not what you want to do when you 14 ，don’t worry.I haven’t been 15 that long and I’ve already been a mailman，a repairman，and a bus driver.Just find your dream and don’t 16 your enthusiasm.
From your No.1 fan
Wes Winter”
The letter meant a lot to the little boy and he is also 17 a lot from his hero.The little 18 never wants to take off the hat Wes gave him—he even sleeps in it!
4．A.dream B．think
C．remind D．warn
答案 A
解析句意为：洛根四岁就开始梦想成为一名邮递员。

dream梦想；think认为；remind提醒；warn警告。

故选A项。

5．A.send B．arrive
C．leave D．begin
答案 B
解析句意为：他每天都等着邮件到来，即使是在寒冷的天气里。

send发送；arrive到达；leave 离开；begin开始。

故选B项。

6．A.forced B．persuaded
C．told D．prepared
答案 D
解析从下文得知韦斯找了一个更适合他的工作，所以此处应该是准备辞职。

force强迫；persuade说服；tell告诉；prepare准备。

be prepared to do sth.准备做某事，故选D项。

7．A.read B．spoke
C．wrote D．showed
答案 A
解析此处指信上写着，使用read。

read读，写着；speak讲；write写；show展示。

故选A 项。

8．A.early B．late
C．quickly D．slowly
答案 B
解析句意为：那天我来晚了，可你依然坐在门口等着我来。

early早地；late晚地；quickly 快地；slowly慢地。

故选B项。

9．A.calling B．wishing
C．waiting D．walking
答案 C
解析参见上题解析。

call打电话；wish希望；wait等待；walk走路。

故选C项。

由第一段末句可知此处用wait。

10．A.hot B．dark
C．bright D．cold
答案 D
解析句意为：外面很冷，但是你不在意。

hot热的；dark黑暗的；bright明亮的；cold冷的。

故选D项。

11．A.first B．last
C．best D．worst
答案 B
解析由上文“on the last day of his work”可知是最后一次送邮件。

first第一；last最后；best 最好；worst最差。

故选B项。

12．A.job B．work
C．place D．house
答案 A
解析句意为：但是我找到了一份更适合自己的工作。

job工作；work工作(不可数)；place 地方；house房子。

故选A项。

13．A.card B．gift
C．word D．hug
答案 B
解析句意为：我想送给你一个礼物，这样你下次等另外一个邮递员的时候就不会觉得太冷。

card卡片；gift礼物；word单词，话；hug拥抱。

由下文出现的hat也可知。

故选B项。

14．A.take off B．wake up
C．pick up D．grow up
答案 D
解析句意为：如果你长大后发现这不是你想做的也没关系。

小男孩现在的梦想是当邮递员，但是长大却不一定。

take off起飞；wake up醒来；pick up捡起来；grow up长大。

故选D项。

15．A.sleeping B．standing
C．riding D．working
答案 D
解析句意为：我工作的时间不长，但我当过邮递员、修理工、公交车司机。

sleep睡觉；stand 站立，忍受；ride骑马；work工作。

根据“mailman，repairman，bus driver”这三个职业可知，此处应该是谈论工作。

故选D项。

16．A.lose B．offer
C．give D．pick
答案 A
解析句意为：找到你的梦想，不要失去热情。

lose失去；offer提供；give给；pick摘。

故
选A项。

17．A.changed B．loved
C．made D．encouraged
答案 D
解析邮递员写的这段话使小男孩受到了鼓舞。

change改变；love爱；make制作；encourage 鼓励。

故选D项。

18．A.pupil B．boy
C．hero D．student
答案 B
解析句意为：小男孩不愿摘下帽子，甚至睡觉都戴着。

pupil小学生；boy男孩；hero英雄；student学生。

故选B项。

主观题规范练
Ⅲ.语法填空
Jin Hanmiao，a first grader from China，received a reply letter from Buckingham Palace 19.________(recent) after writing to introduce the China-Britain express railway service.
The letter is based 20. the 19-day journey of the first China-U.K.freight(货运) train.21. (see) the news of its return to Yiwu，Jin’s mother encouraged him to write about it and then send the letter to Queen ElizabethⅡ.
In his letter，Jin introduced 22. (he) and Yiwu，as well as his hope 23. the Queen would appreciate 24. (tradition) Chinese culture.He also expressed his interest in the U．K.，after mentioning some British famous persons and places including Isaac Newton，Charles Darwin，and the British Museum.He then sent his letter to the Queen.
Jin’s mother helped translate the letter into English，and sent both the original letter and the translation to London on May 8.Two months 25. (late)，a reply from Buckingham Palace
26. (receive)．The letter talked about the living and working conditions of the Queen at
27._________early age，and included a detailed 28. (introduce) of the Palace.
语篇导读这篇短文介绍金汉邈给英国伊丽莎白二世女王写了一封信介绍中国义乌，希望女王欣赏中国传统文化，并收到回信。

19．答案recently
解析考查副词的用法。

此处在句中修饰句子的谓语received，故应该用副词形式修饰动词。

20．答案on
解析考查固定搭配。

be based on根据，以……为基础。

21．答案Seeing
解析考查分词作状语。

此处是分词作状语，see与主句主语之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。

22．答案himself
解析考查反身代词。

主语和宾语一致时，要用反身代词代表某人自己，因此此处用he的反身代词himself。

23．答案that
解析考查同位语从句的连接词。

空格后面的从句解释说明hope的具体内容，是同位语从句，且从句不缺少任何成分，所以用that引导。

24．答案traditional
解析考查形容词。

根据句意可知此处表示“中国传统文化”，用形容词traditional来修饰名词短语Chinese culture。

25．答案later
解析考查副词。

根据语境可知，寄出信之后两个月收到回信。

later以后，过后，后来。

26．答案was received
解析考查动词的时态和语态。

分析句子可知，receive与主语a reply之间是被动关系，并且根据短文时态判断用一般过去时，且主语是第三人称单数，故填was received。

27．答案an
解析考查冠词。

at an early age是固定搭配，表示“早年间”，early读音以元音开头，前面用不定冠词an。

28．答案introduction
解析考查名词。

此处表示对王室的介绍，该空作include的宾语，应该用名词。

Ⅳ.补全写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Rats eat our food or make it so dirty that it isn’t fit for people at all.That’s why people often kill them by laying down poison.After a day or two，they find the poison still there.The rats haven’t touched it，even though it is near the food which they eat.People think they must be clever and cunning.Some scientists have been trying to find the best way to poison rats.They have watched to see just what a rat does day and night.They have found out that rats aren’t so clever.They are just very shy.
Rats usually live in holes.They run from these holes to the places where they eat and drink.They have special paths on which they travel each time.So they know their paths quite well.
If anything new，such as stone or wood，is put in the path，the rats won’t go near it at first as they are too frightened.It will take them many days to get over the fear.They are also frightened to go near a place that they know，where something has been taken away.If a path goes around a rock，the rats follow the same path around the rock each time.If the rock is taken away，they will still run
around the place where the rock was！They won’t cross the empty place，which is now open to them，even though it would be quicker.
Rats will always keep away from anything unusual to them.That’s why they won’t eat poison on the first or second night.They usually won’t go anywhere near it for about four days until they get used to being there.Even then they only eat a little at a time.If people want to kill rats with poison，all they have to do is to leave it out for a few days.Once the rats have got used to it，they will eat it and die.
请根据括号里的汉语提示，补全短文。

It is generally considered that rats 29.are smart enough not to be poisoned(非常聪明，不会被毒死)．That is not true.Actually，they just 30.refuse to accept new things(拒绝接受新事物)．Rats are familiar with their particular path.If any change takes place on their usual path，they will feel unsafe to use them.Generally speaking,31.it takes several days(需要花几天的时间) for rats to 32.adjust themselves to their new surroundings(使它们自己适应它们的新环境)．Therefore they won’t be poisoned until they 33.become familiar with the change(熟悉这一变化)．。