八年级英语module 11 asking the way外研社知识精讲

初二英语Module 11 Asking the way外研社
【本讲教育信息】
一. 教学内容：
Module 11 Asking the way
1. 语音ear clear dear ear
ear ere pear wear there
2. 有关方位的介词和介词短语
3. 学会问路和指路的方法
二. 重点、难点：
1. 能够准确的掌握本模块的重点词汇和句式
2. 能够熟练运用表达方位的介词和介词短语，准确地表达方位
3. 能够完成补全对话中的“问路”话题的内容。

三. 语法：
1. 句子的成分
组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。

句子的成分主要有主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语等。

（1）句子的主语是表示句子所要说明的人或事物；“是什么”或“是谁”，这是一个句子的主要部分，一般由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语、从句等（如动词不定式和动词不定式短语、动名词等）来充当，通常在句首。

例如：The students love their teachers very much.
To build this building took them about a year.
Finishing the homework on time is good for a student.
（2）句子的谓语用来说明主语“做什么”或“怎么样”，说明主语的动作、状态或特征。

句子的谓语一般用动词来表示。

但情态动词和助动词不能单独作谓语，它们必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语。

例如：My watch works very well.
I can go there with you.
The teachers are having a meeting in the meeting hall now.
（3）句子的宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，通常由名词、代词（人称代词用宾格）或是相当于名词、代词的词、短语、从句等（如动词不定式或动词不定式短语、动名词等）来充当，一般放在及物动词的后面或介词的后面。

例如：I lost my pen yesterday.
I really want to go to the park with you.
She decided to buy a cup of Coke and a piece of bread.
Miss Sun said that I had to hand in the composition tomorrow.
有些动词后面有两个宾语，我们称这为“双宾”，这类动词主要有give, send, tell, write, post, pass, teach ,wish等。

例如：I will send him a letter this afternoon.
Give me a piece of paper, please.
（4）句子的表语用来说明主语的性质、特征、身份等，表明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”，可由名词、形容词、介词、动名词、不定式或从句等充当，它们与前面的系动词（如am, is, are, was ,were, become ,get, smell ,turn ,seem, sound, taste, feel等）一起构成谓语，形成
“系表结构”。

例如：I am a teacher.
I feel much better than before.
The pencils are in my school bag.
Your voice sounds very nice.
（5）宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语“怎么样”或“做什么”。

宾语补足语可以由形容词、动词不定式、名词、副词、现在分词等充当。

例如：He asked me to stand up.
We should keep the room clean.
I heard her singing at 9∶00 last night.
（6）句子的定语用来修饰名词或代词。

形容词、代词、形容词性物主代词、数词、名词、不定式、现在分词、介词短语、从句等均可作定语。

例如：I have a black cat.
The man over there is my father.
My cat is white and yours is black.
注意：当形容词修饰不定代词something, anything, everything, nothing作定语时，要放在不定代词的后面。

（7）句子的状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，表示动作发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、原因、程度、方式等，通常由副词、介词、介词短语、动词、动词不定式以及从句来充当。

例如：Wang Fang was doing her homework carefully.
He ran the fastest in the first group.
I come here to learn playing the piano.
四. 词和短语
1. 本模块是围绕着问路这个话题展开的，所以现将有关问路的短语和有关句式总结如下：
（1）Ask the way——①Where is the hospital？医院在哪？
问路——②Can you tell me the way to the hospital? 你能告诉我去医院的路吗？
——③How can I get to the hospital？我怎样到那个医院？
——④Can you tell me how to get to the hospital？你能告诉我如何到那家医院吗？
how I can get to the hospital？
——⑤Is there a hospital nearby？这附近有医院吗？
——⑥Which is the way to the hospital？哪条路是去医院的路？
——⑦Can you help me find the way to the hospital？你能帮我找到去医院的路吗？
（2）direct the way
指路——①Keep walking 一直走
——②Turn left at the second crossing/Take the second turning on the left.在第二个拐弯处向左拐。

——③Go straight on.一直继续走。

——④Go straight until you get to the end of the street./Walk until you reach the end. /Walk until the end. 一直走直到走到这条街的尽头。

——⑤Go down/up/along this street.沿着这条街走。

——⑥Go across/Cross the bridge.走过这座桥。

——⑦Turn right onto Walker Avenue.向右转，进入步行街。

——⑧Walk until you reach Kennedy Street.向前走直到你到了Kennedy street 。

——⑨Turn left at the corner of Kennedy Street and Walker Avenue.在肯尼迪和步行街的拐角向左拐。

——⑩You ’ll see the …on your （left/right.）
’ve got it now.
’t miss it. /You can ’t miss it. ’s just over there.
2. 其它短语：
over there 在那边 next to the library 挨着图书馆
Thanks a lot for your help. 多谢你的帮助。

opposite the shopping center. 在购物中心的对面。

The instructions for how to get there 如何到那儿的说明。

at the entrance 在入口 at the corner 在拐角处
五. 重点句式的讲解与分析
1. Can you tell me how to get to Tian ’an men Square , please ？
这是问路时常用的句子，注意：这是一个简单句，是复合句（宾语从句）的一种简略方式。

改成宾语从句，应为“Can you tell me how I can get to Tian ’an men Square, please ？”
<扩展>当充当宾语的是特殊疑问句时，可以将其变成简单句，方法：“特殊疑问句+to do ” 如：Can you tell me what you will do tomorrow ？
——Can you tell me what to do tomorrow ？
Can you tell me where you went yesterday ？
——Can you tell me where to go yesterday ？
<思考> You can use your hands or chopsticks when you eat chicken wings.
当你吃鸡翅时，你可以用你的手或者筷子。

如何改为简单句：——You can use your hands or chopsticks when eating chicken wings.
[总结]当有after, when, before, 等词引导的时间状语从句，当主，从句的主语一致时，我们可以将从句中的主语去掉，动词变成分词的形式。

[试一试]After she gets up in the morning, Alice will tidy the room. （变成简单句）
After____________ in the morning ,Alice will tidy the room.
2. Just keep walking 就一直走下去。

<扩展>keep 在英语中是非常活跃的词。

用法：
（1）保持，保留。

①keep+ sth. +adj.
如：Please keep the room warm. 请保持房间温暖。

Please keep the door open. 请保持房门开着。

②keep+ sth. +介词短语。

如：Please keep your hand behind the back 请把手一直放在背后。

③keep doing 保持一直做某事。

如：When I take the train, I often keep watching the beautiful scenery out of the window. 当我乘火车时，我经常一直欣赏窗外的美景。

④keep +adj. keep 连系动词。

Please keep quiet！请保持安静！
（2）养，
如：My hobby is keeping plants. 我的爱好是一种植物。

3. Turn left here and take the second turning on the right.
在这儿向左转，然后在第二个拐弯处向右拐。

（1）turn left 向左转
<扩展>turn的用法：
①变，连系动词，turn red
②翻转，转动turn a wheel 转动轮子
③转过turn left /turn a street corner. 转过街角
短语：turn on turn on/turn off 打开/关上（灯，自来水，收音机，电视等）
turn round 旋转回头turn down/up（收音机等的音量）调小/大
（2）Take the second turning on the right.
<扩展>这句话我们还可以说Turn right at the second crossing.
【典型例题】
1. Can you tell me ___________the No.2 Middle School？
A. how can I get to
B. how to
C. the way to
D. how to get to
分析：此题考查问路的方法A应是陈述句语序，how I can get to C应为the way to 所以选D
2. —Look！This is Xin yang Street. It’s ________ your right.
—Thanks _________your help.
A. in on
B. to in
C. on for
D. for to
分析：此题考查的是介词与固定短语，在某人的右边on one’s right，多谢……Thanks for 所以选C。

3. Please keep _____________exercise, it’s good _________your health.
A. to take
B. take for
C. taking for
D. take at
分析：此题考查的是：（1）keep的用法，keep doing sth. 保持做，（2）be good for 对……有好处，所以选C。

【模拟试题】（答题时间：30分钟）
一. 用介词填空
1. Turn left here and take the second turning ____the right.
2. Turn right _______Walker Avenue Walk until you reach Kennedy Street.
3. Turn left ____the corner of Kennedy Street ____Walker Avenue.
4. Which is the way ____ the hospital？
5. Thanks a lot ______ your help
6. Here are the instruction________ how to get there.
7. Turn left_____ my house and walk _____ this road.
8. Please wait _____ me _____ the entrance.
二. 用所给词的适当形式填空
1. Please keep the door _____(open)
2. Can you tell me where _______ (go) yesterday？
3. Take the ______(three) turning on the left
4. There is a great _______(shop) center in the city.
三. 句型转换
1. Turn left at the second crossing.（同义句）
_________ ______ ________ turning_______ the left.
2. Our school is 500 meters away from my home. (画线提问)
________ _________ is your school from your home？
3. Can you tell me how I can get to the No.2 Middle School？（变简单句）
Can you tell me ________ _________ get to the No.2 Middle School？
四. 完型填空
Around the world, people have different ideas about what good manners are.
When you go to restaurants in different parts of the world, it’s 1 to know the right and wrong things to do. For example, in China it’s OK to 2 a lot of noise in a restaurant. In fact, if a restaurant isn’t noisy or 3 , you may think there is something wrong with it. However , in many western countries, restaurants are 4 places. If a table is too loud, other people who are eating there might even 5 to the owner of the restaurant.
Paying the bill is also different from country to country. In China , one person usually pays for 6 .In western countries , one person pays if he or she is entertaining clients(宴请宾客) ,but 7 friends eat together, they usually share the cost. This is called “going Dutch” .Also, when westerns pay the bill, they usually leave some money for the 8 .This is called “leaving a tip’. Leaving a tip is thought to be polite. In the USA ,it’s 9 to leave tips of 10%，15%，20% of the bill, which is decided by how good the service is .Good waiters can make a lot of money！
The way people eat food is different in the world, but you can 10 the same kinds of food in many countries. Chinese and Italian food , for example, are popular all over the world.
（）1. A. popular B. difficult C. important D. enjoyable
（）2. A. cause B. keep C. hear D. make
（）3. A. lively B. friendly C. lucky D. polite
（）4. A. noisy B. quiet C. busy D. clean
（）5. A. shout B. explain C. complain D. speak
（）6. A. everybody B. nobody C. somebody D. none
（）7. A. until B. when C. unless D. since
（）8. A. gatekeeper B. seller C. waiter D. visitor
（）9. A. terrible B. common C. serious D. unusual
（）10. A. invent B. discover C. prefer D. find
五. 补全对话
A：Excuse me, 1 ？
B：Sorry, I’m new here. You can ask my friend. He may know.
C：The Children’s Hospital？Er… It’s a little far from here.
A： 2 ？
C：It’s about 5 kilometers away.
A： 3 ？
C：Yes, the No.15 bus will take you there.
A：Where is the bus stop？
C： 4 and take the first turning on the right, you can see it on your left.
5 _.
A：Thank you very much.
C：You are welcome.
试题答案
一. 1. on 2. onto 3. at，and 4. to 5. for 6. for 7. from, along 8. for, at
二. 1. open 2. to go 3. third 4. shopping
三. 1. Take, the, second, on 2. How far 3. how to
四. 1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. B 10. D
五. 1. Where is the Children’s Hospital?
2. How far is it?
3. Need I take a bus?
4. Walk along the street. / Keep walking.
5. You can’t miss it.。