常用有机溶剂共沸点

常用有机溶剂共沸点
乙醚的性质
1. 乙醚为无色、透明、易流动的液体，挥发性极大，它的蒸气有芳香味，但有麻醉性。

沸点34.6℃、凝固点－116℃，所以能耐剧冷而不凝冻。

比重很轻，在15℃时为0.720。

微溶于水，能溶于乙醇、苯、氯仿等有机溶剂中。

常用有机溶剂共沸点
溶剂沸点/℃共沸点/℃含水量/%
氯仿61.2 56.1 2.5
甲苯110.5 85.0 20
四氯化碳77.0 66.0 4.0
正丙醇97.2 87.7 28.8
苯80.4 69.2 8.8
异丁醇108.4 89.9 88.2
丙稀腈78.0 70.0 13.0 二甲苯137-40.5 92.0 37.5 二氯乙烷83.7 72.0 19.5 正丁醇117.7 92.2 37.5
乙睛82.0 76.0 16.0
吡啶115.5 94.0 42
乙醇78.3 78.1 4.4
异戊醇131.0 95.1 49.6
乙酸乙酯77.1 70.4 8.0
正戊醇138.3 95.4 44.7
异丙醇82.4 80.4 12.1
氯乙醇129.0 97.8 59.0
乙醚35 34 1.0
二硫化碳46 44 2.0
甲酸101 107 26
溶剂mp bp D420 nD20
Acetic acid 乙酸
17 118 1.049 1.3716 6.15 12.9 1.68
Acetone 丙酮
-95 56 0.788 1.3587 20.7 16.2 2.85
Acetonitrile 乙腈
-44 82 0.782 1.3441 37.5 11.1 3.45
Anisole 苯甲醚
-3 154 0.994 1.5170 4.33 33 1.38
Benzene 苯 5 80 0.879 1.5011 2.27 26.2 0.00 Bromobenzene 溴苯 -31 156 1.495 1.5580 5.17 33.7 1.55
Carbon disulfide 二硫化碳
-112 46 1.274 1.6295 2.6 21.3 0.00
Carbon tetrachloride 四氯化碳 -23 77 1.594 1.4601 2.24 25.8 0.00 Chlorobenzene 氯苯
-46 132 1.106 1.5248 5.62 31.2 1.54 Chloroform 氯仿
-64 61 1.489 1.4458 4.81 21 1.15 Cyclohexane 环己烷
6 81 0.778 1.4262 2.02 27.
7 0.00 Dibutyl ether 丁醚
-98 142 0.769 1.3992 3.1 40.8 1.18 o –Dichlorobenzene 邻二氯苯
-17 181 1.306 1.5514 9.93 35.9 2.27 1,2-Dichloroethane 1，2-二氯乙烷
-36 84 1.253 1.4448 10.36 21 1.86 Dichloromethane 二氯乙烷
-95 40 1.326 1.4241 8.93 16 1.55 Diethylamine 二乙胺
-50 56 0.707 1.3864 3.6 24.3 0.92 Diethyl ether 乙醚
-117 35 0.713 1.3524 4.33 22.1 1.30 1,2-Dimethoxyethane 1，2-二甲氧基乙烷 -68 85 0.863 1.3796 7.2 24.1 1.71 N,N –Dimethylacetamide N，N-二甲基乙酰胺 -20 166 0.937 1.4384 37.8 24.2 3.72 N,N –Dimethylformamide
N，N-二甲基甲酰胺
-60 152 0.945 1.4305 36.7 19.9 3.86 Dimethyl sulfoxide二甲基亚砜
19 189 1.096 1.4783 46.7 20.1 3.90 1,4-Dioxane 1，4-二氧六环
12 101 1.034 1.4224 2.25 21.6 0.45 Ethanol 乙醇
-114 78 0.789 1.3614 24.5 12.8 1.69 Ethyl acetate 乙酸乙酯
-84 77 0.901 1.3724 6.02 22.3 1.88 Ethyl benzoate 苯甲酸乙酯
-35 213 1.050 1.5052 6.02 42.5 2.00 Formamide 甲酰胺
3 211 1.133 1.4475 111.0 10.6 3.37 Hexamethylphosphoramide
7 235 1.027 1.4588 30.0 47.7 5.54 Isopropyl alcohol 异丙醇
-90 82 0.786 1.3772 17.9 17.5 1.66 isopropyl ether 异丙醚
-60 68 1.36 Methanol 甲醇
-98 65 0.791 1.3284 32.7 8.2 1.70 2-Methyl-2-propanol 2-甲基-2-丙醇 26 82 0.786 1.3877 10.9 22.2 1.66 Nitrobenzene 硝基苯
6 211 1.204 1.5562 34.82 32.
7 4.02 Nitromethane 硝基甲烷 -28 101 1.137 1.3817 35.87 12.5 3.54 Pyridine 吡啶
-42 115 0.983 1.5102 12.4 24.1 2.37 tert-butyl alcohol 叔丁醇
25.5 82.5 1.3878 Tetrahydrofuran 四氢呋喃
-109 66 0.888 1.4072 7.58 19.9 1.75 Toluene 甲苯
-95 111 0.867 1.4969 2.38 31.1 0.43 Trichloroethylene 三氯乙烯
-86 87 1.465 1.4767 3.4 25.5 0.81 Triethylamine 三乙胺
-115 90 0.726 1.4010 2.42 33.1 0.87 Trifluoroacetic acid 三氟乙酸
-15 72 1.489 1.2850 8.55 13.7 2.26 2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol 2，2，2-三氟乙醇 -44 77 1.384 1.2910 8.55 12.4 2.52 Water 水
0 100 0.998 1.3330 80.1 3.7 1.82 o -Xylene 邻二甲苯
-25 144 0.880 1.5054 2.57 35.8 0.62
Common Organic Solvents: Table of Properties 1,2,3
acetic acid
C 2H 4O 2 60.05 118
16.6 1.049 Miscible
6.15
39
acetone C 3H 6O 58.08 56.2 -94.3 0.786 Miscible 20.7(25) -18 acetonitrile C 2H 3N 41.05 81.6 -46 0.786 Miscible 37.5 6
1-butanol C
4H
10
O 74.12 117.6 -89.5 0.81 6.3 17.8 35
2-butanol C 4H
10
O 74.12 98 -115 0.808 15 15.8(25) 26
2-butanone C
4H
8
O 72.11 79.6 -86.3 0.805 25.6 18.5 -7
t-butyl alcohol C
4H
10
O 74.12 82.2 25.5 0.786 Miscible 12.5 11 carbon tetrachloride CCl
4
153.82 76.7 -22.4 1.594 0.08 2.24 --
chlorobenzene C
6H
5
Cl 112.56 131.7 -45.6 1.1066 0.05 2.71 29 chloroform CHCl
3
119.38 61.7 -63.7 1.498 0.795 4.81 --
cyclohexane C
6H
12
84.16 80.7 6.6 0.779 <0.1 2.02 -20
1,2-dichloroethane C
2H
4 Cl
2
98.96 83.5 -35.3 1.245 0.861 10.42 13 diethyl ether C
4H
10
O 74.12 34.6 -116.3 0.713 7.5 4.34 -45 diethylene glycol C
4H
10
O
3
106.12 245 -10 1.118 10 31.7 143
diglyme (diethylene
glycol
dimethyl ether) C
6
H
14
O
3
134.17 162 -68 0.943 Miscible 7.23 67 1,2-dimethoxy- ethane (glyme, DME) C
4
H
10
O
2 90.12 85 -58 0.868 Miscible 7.2 -6
dimethylether C
2H
6
O 46.07 -22 -138.5 NA NA NA -41
dimethyl- formamide (DMF) C
3
H
7
NO 73.09 153 -61 0.944 Miscible 36.7 58 dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) C
2H
6
OS 78.13 189 18.4 1.092 25.3 47 95
dioxane C
4H
8
O
2
88.11 101.1 11.8 1.033 Miscible 2.21(25) 12 ethanol C
2H
6
O 46.07 78.5 -114.1 0.789 Miscible 24.6 13 ethyl acetate C
4H
8
O 2
88.11 77 -83.6 0.895 8.7 6(25) -4
ethylene glycol C
2H
6
O
2
62.07 195 -13 1.115 Miscible 37.7 111 glycerin C
3H
8
O
3
92.09 290 17.8 1.261 Miscible 42.5 160
heptane C
7H
16
100.20 98 -90.6 0.684 0.01 1.92 -4
Hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA) C
6
H
18
N
3
OP 179.20 232.5 7.2 1.03 Miscible 31.3 105 Hexamethylphosphorous C
6H
18 N
3
P 163.20 150 -44 0.898 Miscible ?? 26
triamide (HMPT) hexane C 6H 14 86.18 69 -95 0.659 0.014 1.89 -22
methanol CH 4O 32.04 64.6 -98
0.791 Miscible 32.6(25) 12
methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) C 5H 12O 88.15 55.2
-109 0.741
5.1 ?? -28 methylene chloride
CH 2Cl 2 84.93 39.8 -96.7 1.326 1.32 9.08 1.6 N -methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) CH 5H 9NO 99.13 202 -24 1.033 10 32 91 nitromethane CH 3NO 2 61.04 101.2 -29
1.382
9.50 35.9 35 pentane C 5H 12 72.15 36.1 -129.7 0.626 0.04 1.84 -49 Petroleum ether
(ligroine) --
--
30-60 -40
0.656
--
--
-30
1-propanol C 3H 8O 88.15 97
-126 0.803 Miscible 20.1(25) 15
2-propanol C 3H 8O 88.15 82.4 -88.5 0.785 Miscible 18.3(25) 12 pyridine
C 5H 5N 79.10 115.2 -41.6 0.982 Miscible 12.3(25) 17 tetrahydrofuran (THF) C 4H 8O 72.11 66
-108.4 0.886 30 7.6 -21 toluene C 7H 8
92.14 110.6 -93
0.867
0.05 2.38(25) 4 triethyl amine C 6H 15N 101.19 88.9 -114.7 0.728 0.02 2.4 -11 water H 2O 18.02 100.00 0.00 0.998 --
78.54 -- water, heavy
D 2O
20.03 101.3
4
1.107 Miscible
?? -- o -xylene C 8H 10 106.17 144 -25.2 0.897 Insoluble
2.57 32 m -xylene C 8H 10 106.17 139.1 -47.8 0.868 Insoluble 2.37 27 p -xylene
C 8H 10 106.17 138.4 13.3 0.861 Insoluble
2.27
27。