(免费)语法入门1

第一课：句子成分
一、主语
1.名词Nick pen book 如：Nick is a teacher. The book is expensive.
2.人称代词/指示代词I we you she he it they this that
如：I am a teacher. This is my pen.
3.数词one two three four five first second third fourth
如：The first is important. Eight is a lucky number
4.动词不定式短语to eat to be a teacher to be rich
如：To learn english is easy（it is easy to learn English。

）
5.动名词eating an apple being a teacher being rich
如：Learning English is funny.
6.句子（主语从句）略
7.其他the old the poor the rich
如：The rich should help the poor.
二、谓语
1.简单谓语（由实义动词/动词短语构成）
say talk speak type eat drink play buy
look at look after get up
如：I love you. I speak chinese. I get up at six.
2.复合谓语
（1）情态动词+动词原形can speak 如：I can speak Cantonese/Mandarin. （2）助动词+动词原形will buy 如：I will buy a new book tomorrow. （3）助动词+其他的动词形式am doing 如：I am working now
have done 如：I have learned English for 10 years.
3.系动词+表语= 一种复合谓语
be seem 如：I am short. I am happy.
be= be am is are was were being been
she/he+ is
I+ am
You+ are
was /were 用在过去时态
been 用在完成时态或者被动语态
being 用在被动语态或者介词后面做介词的宾语或者做动名词
be 用在动词不定式
I am proud of being Chinese.
Being a teacher is pleasure.
be in love with
He is being in love with her.
I was a student.
They were students.
三、表语
名词如：She is a teacher. She has been a teacher for a year.
形容词如：She is beautiful
介词短语如：She is in the classroom..
He is at school. She is at table . they are at work. Time is up
（动词不定式、动名词、代词、数词，分词、副词、句子）
四、宾语
名词pen comb key house shirt school mirror
如：I bought a book yesterday.
I borrowed a pen from him.
代词me you her him it them us
如：She loves him. I love her. I told them a story.
数词I want two 他
I gave her a book. I gave a book to her
（能做主语的词语都能做宾语。

）
I like drinking tea
I like eating apples
五、宾语补足语make let have call see get find
名词I call her Marry. You can call me Nick.
数词I put my career/family（the）first.
形容词I made her happy .You make me mad. She made him upset.He made the English class funny. Eating apples can make you beautiful
（副词、分词、介词短语、句子）
六、状语
时间today tomorrow yesterday soon finally lately recently 如：I will go home tomorrow. 地点here there upstairs nearby outside 如：I am happy here / there.
方式slowly loudly suddenly 如：I speak English slowly.
程度very good so too 如：Our school is very beautiful.
频度often seldom usually always sometimes如：I usually go home after work.
七、定语.
前置定语：代词、形容词、名词所有格、数词
my book expensive book good book dirty book Nick's
后置定语：介词短语、动名词短语、动词不定式短语、句子
如：The people in the park are dancing.
The girl with a book is his English teacher.
new something new anything special
八、同位语
my father ,the fat man,is drinking
九、五个基本句型.
1、主语+谓语(不及物动词) +状语
I work everyday.
2、主语+ be + 表语+状语
I am happy now.
she is rich now.
I am poor now.
3、主语+谓语+ 宾语+状语
I love English very much.
4、主语+谓语+ 双宾语+状语
I gave her a book yesterday.
5、主语+ 谓语+ 宾语+ 补语+状语
I made her happy yesterday.
what all the people in the park want to know is where the girl in red has gone to?
I can eat ,I can sleep I am a good eater and a sleeper。