四级阅读综述
英语四级阅读理解篇目赏析
英语四级阅读理解篇目赏析摘要：一、引言1.英语四级阅读理解的重要性2.赏析篇目的背景和主题二、篇章结构分析1.文章类型及其特点2.篇章结构框架三、难点解析1.词汇难度2.语法结构3.逻辑关系四、解题技巧与策略1.快速浏览2.细节查找3.推理判断4.正确选项筛选五、真题演练与解析1.真题示例2.解题过程分析3.错误选项剖析六、结尾语1.英语四级阅读理解的备考建议2.提升阅读能力的技巧正文：一、引言英语四级阅读理解是大学英语四级考试中的重要组成部分，占总分值的40%，由此可见其地位举足轻重。
今天，我们来赏析一篇四级阅读理解篇目，从中学习解题技巧，提高阅读能力。
本文选取的篇目背景丰富，主题紧扣时代发展，具有较高的实用性和可读性。
二、篇章结构分析1.文章类型及其特点：本篇选取的篇目为说明文，其主要目的是通过阐述某一现象或事件，向读者传达相关信息。
此类文章结构清晰，逻辑性强，语言简练。
2.篇章结构框架：本文分为引言、正文和结尾三个部分。
引言部分简要介绍了话题背景；正文部分详细阐述了英语四级阅读理解的重要性、解题技巧和真题演练；结尾部分对全文进行了总结，提出了备考建议。
三、难点解析1.词汇难度：本文词汇较为简单，基本围绕大学英语四级词汇范围。
通过掌握词汇，考生可以顺利理解文章内容。
2.语法结构：文章语法结构多样，但并不复杂。
考生在阅读过程中，可关注长句和复杂句的语法结构，加强语法练习。
3.逻辑关系：文章逻辑关系清晰，通过关联词和句子结构可以看出作者的观点和论述方向。
考生在阅读时要注意把握文章的逻辑脉络。
四、解题技巧与策略1.快速浏览：阅读文章开头，了解主题背景，为后续解题做好准备。
2.细节查找：仔细阅读题目，找出关键信息，有针对性地查找文章中的细节。
3.推理判断：根据文章内容和逻辑关系，进行合理推断和判断，选出正确选项。
4.正确选项筛选：排除错误选项，运用排除法选出正确答案。
五、真题演练与解析1.真题示例：请根据文章内容，选择正确答案。
2023年大学英语四级真题答案与解析
2023年12月大学英语四级真题答案与解析Part I Writing参照范文：第一种图表（即我们试题部分旳图表）Education PaysThe bar graph describes the unemployment rates in 2023 for social groups with different education degrees in theUnited States. According to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics，the better you are educated，the more likely you are to get employed. For example，there are only about 1.9% and 4% of people with doctoral degree and master s degree respectively who are unemployed，while people with only a high school diploma or less suffer a much higher unemployment rate （14.9% and 10.3% respectively）.These data clearly indicate that education pays in the long run and it is a worthy investment. In this IT age especially，when knowledge of science and technology is power，people need to be well equipped with knowledge and skills in order to be competitive in job hunting and be better paid. A higher degree is definitely an advantage in the first place in the job market.It must be added，however，a high degree alone is not enough. It will not ensure a better employment opportunity. In order to succeed in the career，people must also develop practical skills and techniques as well as good communication，teamwork and social experience.第二种图表（这也是本次考试旳另一份试卷旳图表）（见图表2）Education PaysAs is shown in the bar chart above，the social groups with higher degree are not only more likely to be employed in the first place，but they are also better paid later in the workplace. Those with doctoral and professional degrees enjoy a much higher weekly median earning （$1551 and 1665 respectively）and suffer a much lower unemployment rate （2.5% and 2.4%）. On the other hand，those with less education suffer a considerably higher unemployment rate and have a much lower weekly income. For example，there are a total of 23.5% （9.4%+14.1%）of people unemployed with high school diploma or less，who have only a median weekly income of $545，as compared with the average $797.These data clearly indicate that education pays in the long run and it is a worthy investment. In this IT age especially，when knowledge of science and technology is power，people need to be well equipped with knowledge and skills in order to be competitive in job hunting and be better paid. A higher degree is definitely an advantage in the first place in the job market and a competitive edge for workplace promotions.It must be added，however，a high degree alone is not enough. It will not ensure a better employment opportunity and higher salary. In order to succeed in the career，people must also develop practical skills and techniques as well as good communication，teamwork and social experience.概述四级考试重要旳作文命题形式是“文示”提纲作文，但不时也考应用文（书信、演讲词等）和图表作文，图表作文曾在1991年6月（表格：Changes in People s Diet）和2023年6月（柱状图：Student Use of Computers），似乎是23年考一次，但不排除此后会更频繁地考到。
大学英语四级计划表
大学英语四级计划表
一、任务
《大学英语四级》提升计划涵盖大学英语四级考试听力、阅读、写作和翻译。
对考试内容、题型特点、出题思路、解题方法和考试技巧逐一进行讲解。
同时，为保证辅导效果，教师将提供针对性线上练习以及讲解，以帮助学生把握考试节奏，最终顺利通过大学英语四级考试。
二、内容
（一）《大学英语四级听力》
第一章听力核心方法
第二章听力专题
2.1 长对话解题技巧+练习
2.2 短文听力技巧+练习
2.3 新闻题解题技巧+练习
第三章综合训练
（二）《大学英语四级阅读》
第一章阅读综述
1.1 总体要求概览
1.2 阅读技巧概述
第二章阅读题型精讲
2.1 选词填空经典例文解析+强化练习
2.2 匹配题经典例文解析+强化练习
2.3 仔细阅读经典例文解析+强化练习第三章综合训练
（三）《大学英语四级写作》
第一章四级写作用词、句式、结构
第二章四种类型作文写作流程解析
2.1 现象解释型
2.2 观点论证型
2.3 问题解决型
2.4 对比选择型
第三章四级写作练笔（附带参考范文）（四）《大学英语四级翻译》
第一章解读英译汉
第二章实用翻译方法
2.1 拆分法
2.2 转换法
2.3 代换法
第三章常考语法
第四章翻译实践。
剑桥4阅读讲解
剑桥4阅读讲解标题：《剑桥英语4级阅读理解解析》剑桥英语4级考试是众多英语学习者的里程碑，其中阅读理解部分尤为重要。
本文将为你详细解析剑桥4级阅读部分，帮助你提升阅读技巧，更好地应对考试。
一、剑桥4级阅读概况剑桥4级阅读部分共有四篇文章，每篇文章约800个单词，涵盖叙述、说明、议论文等不同文体。
阅读材料多选自日常生活、社会热点、科普知识等领域的原文，旨在考查考生对英语文章的整体理解和细节把握能力。
二、阅读理解技巧解析1.快速阅读：首先快速浏览文章，了解文章主题和大意，对难以理解的部分可暂时跳过。
2.细节理解：在了解文章大意的基础上，关注文章中的具体信息，如数据、事实、例子等，以便回答具体问题。
3.推理判断：根据文章内容进行合理推断，注意作者的观点和态度，避免主观臆断。
4.词汇理解：遇到生词时，可根据上下文推测词义，或通过构词法知识理解生词。
5.结构分析：把握文章结构，关注段落主题句，了解文章的论点、论据和论证过程。
三、常见题型解析1.主旨大意题：要求考生概括文章主题，通常在文章开头或结尾寻找关键信息。
2.细节理解题：考查考生对文章具体信息的理解，答案多出现在文章的具体段落。
3.推理判断题：要求考生根据文章内容进行合理推断，注意作者的观点和态度。
4.词汇理解题：考查考生对文章中生词的理解，可通过上下文和构词法知识解题。
5.结构分析题：要求考生分析文章结构，关注段落主题句，了解文章的论证过程。
四、备考建议1.积累词汇：扩大词汇量，关注常用词汇和短语，提高阅读速度。
2.深入阅读：多读英语原文，提高对文章整体和细节的理解能力。
3.做题训练：多做剑桥4级阅读真题，熟悉题型和答题技巧。
4.定期复习：总结错题，查漏补缺，提高阅读水平。
通过以上解析，相信你对剑桥4级阅读有了更深入的了解。
只要坚持练习，掌握阅读技巧，相信你在考试中一定能取得好成绩。
2023年12月四级阅读含答案
Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.As you are probably aware, the latest job markets news isn’t good: Unemployment is still more than 9 percent, and new job growth has fallen close to zero. That’s bad for the economy, of course. And it may be especially discouraging if you happen to be looking for a job or hoping to change careers right now. But it actually shouldn’t matter to you nearly as much as you think.That’s because job growth numbers don’t matter to job hunters as much as job turnover (人员更替) data. After all, existing jobs open up every day due to promotions, resignations, terminations(解雇), and retirements. (Yes, people are retiring even in this economy.) In both good times and bad, turnover creates more openings than economic growth does. Even in June of 2023, when the economy was still moving ahead, job growth was only 132,000, while turnover was 4.7 million!And as it turns out, even today — with job growth near zero — over 4 million job hunters are being hired every month.I don’t mean to imply that overall job growth doesn’t have an impact on one’s ability to land a job. It’s true that if total employment were higher,it would mean more jobs for all of us to choose from (and compete for). Andit’s true that there are currently more people applying for each available job opening, regardless of whether it’s a new one or not.But what often distinguishes those who land jobs from those who don’t is their ability to stay motivated. They’re willing to do the hard work of identifying their valuable skills; be creative about where and how to look;learn how to present themselves to potential employers; and keep going, even after repeated rejections. The Bureau of Labor Statistics data shows that 2.7 million people who wanted and were available for work hadn’t looked within the last four weeks and were no longer even classified as unemployed.So don’t let the headlines fool you into giving up. Four million people get hired every month in the U.S. You can be one of them.57. The author tends to believe that high unemployment rate ______.A) deprives many people of job opportunitiesB) prevents many people from changing careersC) should not stop people from looking for a jobD) does not mean the U.S. economy is worsening58. Where do most job openings come from?A) Job growth. C) Improved economy.B) Job turnover. D)Business expansion.59. What does the author say about overall job growth?A) It doesn’t have much effect on individual job seekers.B) It increases people’s confidence in the economy.C) It gives a ray of hope to the unemployed.D) It doesn’t mean greater job security for the employed.60. What is the key to landing a job according to the author?A) Education. C) Persistence.B) Intelligence. D) Experience.61. What do we learn from the passage about the unemployment figures in the U.S.?A) They clearly indicate how healthy the economy is.B) They provide the public with the latest information.C) They warn of the structural problems in the economy.D) They exclude those who have stopped looking for a job.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Our risk of cancer rises dramatically as we age. So it makes sense that the elderly should be routinely screened for new tumors — or doesn’t it?While such vigilant(警惕的)tracking of cancer is a good thing in general, researchers are increasingly questioning whether all of this testing is necessary for the elderly. With the percentage of people over age 65 expected to nearly double by 2050, it’s important to weigh the health benefits of screening against the risks and costs of routine testing.In many cases, screening can lead to surgeries to remove cancer, while the cancers themselves may be slow-growing and may not pose serious health problems in patients’ remaining years. But the message that everyone must screen for cancer has become so deep-rooted that when health care experts recommended that women under 50 and over 74 stop screening for breast cancer, it caused ariotous reaction among doctors, patients and advocacy groups.It’s hard to uproot deeply held beliefs about cancer screening with scientific data. Certainly, there are people over age 75 who have had cancers detected by routine screening, and gained several extra years of life because of treatment. And clearly, people over age 75 who have other risk factors for cancer, such as a family history or prior personal experience with the disease, should continue to get screened regularly. But for the remainder, the risk of cancer, while increased at the end of life, must be balanced with other factors like remaining life expectancy(预期寿命).A recent study suggests that doctors start to make more objective decisions about who will truly benefit from screening- especially considering the explosion of the elderly that will soon swell our population.It’s not an easy calculation to make, but one that makes sense for all patients. Dr. Otis Brawley said, “Many doctors are ordering screening tests purely to cover themselves. We need to think about the rational use of health care.”That means making some difficult decisions with elderly patients, and going against the misguided belief that when it comes to health care, more is always better.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
2023 12月英语4级阅读原文
文章题目：xxx英语四级阅读原文正文：1. 以下是xxx英语四级阅读原文，原文共计3000字，由4篇短文组成。
2. Passage 1：昨天我们看到了一年一度的全球气候变化大会从卡塔尔多哈落下帷幕。
与会代表各抒己见，但最终未能就减少碳排放达成共识。
作为世界上最大的温室气体排放国之一，我国的立场备受关注。
我国政府一再重申，全球减排的目标需要“公平、合理和有担当”。
不过，美国方面则指责我国对环保问题的不作为，认为我国应当承担更多的责任。
这次会议虽然未能取得实质性的进展，但各国对话的开展本身也是积极的信号。
3. Passage 2：人口老龄化问题日益严峻，已成为世界各国的共同挑战。
据统计，到2050年，全球60岁以上的老年人口将占总人口的三分之一。
这一现象对社会福利和医疗资源提出了前所未有的挑战。
许多国家都在积极采取措施，推动老年人的长期护理和社会融合，但目前还未形成一套全球性的解决方案。
国际社会应当加强合作，共同应对人口老龄化所带来的各种问题。
4. Passage 3：互联网在当今社会中扮演了不可或缺的角色，但其安全问题也日益凸显。
近年来，网络犯罪频频发生，个人隐私被泄露的事例也不在少数。
虚假信息和网络诈骗现象层出不穷，给互联网用户的正常生活和工作带来了极大的困扰。
各国应当共同努力，加强网络安全，维护公民的合法权益。
5. Passage 4：贸易保护主义的抬头给国际贸易带来了巨大的不确定性。
近年来，一些国家采取了一系列贸易限制措施，不断挑起贸易摩擦，导致全球贸易体系遭受重创。
保护主义的兴起不仅损害了各国的经济利益，也对全球经济的增长造成了严重威胁。
各国应当携手合作，反对贸易保护主义，维护自由、开放的国际贸易环境。
结尾：本次阅读原文从全球气候变化、人口老龄化、网络安全和国际贸易保护主义等多个方面展示了当前国际社会面临的重要挑战和问题。
面对这些挑战，各国应当加强合作，共同应对，共同推动全球发展和稳定。
希望通过本次英语四级阅读，同学们可以更深入地了解当今国际社会的现状和问题，为未来的学习和研究提供参考。
精品大学英语四级优秀作文范文(3篇)
大学英语四级优秀作文范文（3篇）【导语】天再高又怎样，踮起脚尖就更接近阳光。
备考开始了，坚持下去，你是最棒的！以下为“大学英语四级优秀作文范文（3篇）”，欢迎阅读参考！更多相关讯息请关注老师！【篇一】How Will Our Life Go on without Internet?1. 网络提供给了人们丰富多彩和便捷的生活2. 很多人开始感觉离开网络寸步难行3. 你对网络依赖症的看法● 审题概述●本文是一篇论述你对网络与人们生活关系的文章。
第一段，侧重简述网络给人们生活的多彩、便利。
第二段，详述网络与人们生活的紧密度。
第三段，论述对网络依赖的观点。
【范文一】How Will Our Life Go on without Internet?If asked whether the Internet is the greatest discovery of the 20th century, my answer would be yes. The Internet has drawn the world closer together,realized countless incredible dreams, and provided modern people with a great many conveniences and a brilliant life.Today, many people simply feel they cannot live without the Internet. Governments publish their latest policies and decisions online for worldwide recognition. Political campaigns are often done online to gain wider public support. Companies and enterprises resort to the Internet for more business opportunities and potential customers home and abroad. Universities and researchers turn to the Internet if they’d seek international cooperation or funding. Common folks like us also rely on the cyber world in various ways, for communication, entertainment, banking and shopping.True, the power of the Internet is all pervasive and its many negative effects are already visible. For example, Internet addicts tend to withdraw to their own fantasy world rather than communicate with a real person. Children are exposed to online pornography and violence. Internet frauds are an everyday occurrence. In view of all this, you are advised to use the Internet with wisdom. Keep it at a safe distance and never lose yourself.◇第一段思路点评：综述网络给人们生活带来的多彩和便捷。
2020年9月大学英语四级阅读文章4篇
【导语】因为坚持，才会有破茧成蝶这样美好的故事。
作为备考⼈，我们也想为⾃⼰争取⼀个完美的结局。
为此，为⼤家准备了“2020年9⽉⼤学英语四级阅读⽂章4篇”，欢迎阅读参考！更多相关讯息请关注！【篇⼀】2020年9⽉⼤学英语四级阅读⽂章 As the 11 of life continues to increase, we are fast losing the art of relaxation. Once you are in habit of rushing through life, being on the go from morning till night, it is hard to slow down. But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body. Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to avoid it. In fact, it is not the bad thing it is often 12 to be. A certain amount of stress is 13 to provide motivation and give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor 14 and ill health. The amount of stress a person can 15 depends very much on the individual. Some people are not afraid of stress, and such characters are 16 prime material for managerial responsibilities. Others lose heart at the first signs of 17 difficulties. When exposed to stress, in whatever form, we react both chemically and physically. In fact we make choice between "fight" or "flight" and in more primitive days the choices made the difference between life or death. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so 18 , but however little the stress, it involves the same response. It is when such a reaction lasts long, through continued 19 to stress, that health becomes endangered. Such serious conditions as high blood pressure and heart disease have established links with stress. Since we cannot 20 stress from our lives(it would be unwise to do so even if we could) , we need to find ways to deal with it.A. cancelB. paceC. extremeD. automaticallyE. removeF. vitalG. performanceH. supposed I. rate J. exposure K. achievement L. unusual M obviously N withstand O harsh 答案：11. B 12. H 13. F 14. G 15. N 16. M 17. L 18. C 19. J 20. E【篇⼆】2020年9⽉⼤学英语四级阅读⽂章 Taste is such a subjective matter that we don't usually conduct preference tests for food. The most you can say about anyone's preference, is that it's one person's opinion. But because the two big cola(可乐) companies Coca-Cola and Pepsi Cola are marketed aggressively, we've wondered how big a role taste preference actually plays in brand loyalty. We set up a taste test that challenged people who identified themselves as either C0ca-Cola or Pepsi fans: Find your brand in a blind tasting. We invited staff volunteers who had a strong liking for either Coca-Cola Classic (传统型)or Pepsi, Diet (低糖的)Coke, or Diet Pepsi-These were people who thought they'd have no trouble telling their brand from the other brand. We eventually located 19 regular cola drinkers and 27 diet cola drinkers. We eventually located 19regular cola drinkers and 27diet cola drinkers. Then we fed them four unidentifiedsamples of cola one at a time, regular colas for the one group, diet versions for the other. We asked themto tell us whether each sample was Coke or Pepsi; then we analyzed the records statistically to compare the participants 'choices with what mere gum-work would have accomplished. Getting all four samples right was a tough test, but not too tough, we thought, for people who believed they could recognize their brand. In the end, only 7out of19regular cola drinkers correctly identified theirbrand of choice in all four trials. The diet-cola drinkers did a little worse -only 7of27identified all four samples correctly. While both groups did better than chance would predict, nearly half the participants in each group made the wrong choice two or more times. Two people got all four samples wrong. Overall, half the participants did about as well on the last round of tasting as on the first, so fatigue, or taste burn out, was not a factor. Our preference test results suggest that only a few Pepsi participants and Coke fans may really be able to tell their favorite brand by taste and price. 练习题： Choose correct answers to the question: 1. According to the passage the preference test was conducted in order to _____. A. find out the role taste preference plays in a person's drinking B. reveal which cola is more to the liking of the drinkers C. show that a person's opinion about taste is mere guess-work D. compare the ability of the participants in choosing their drinks 2. The statistics recorded in the preference tests show _____. A. Coca-Cola and Pepsi are people's two most favorite drinks B. there is not much difference in taste between Coca-Cola and Pepsi C. few people had trouble telling Coca-Cola from Pepsi D. people's tastes differ from one another 3. It is implied in the first paragraph that _____. A. the purpose of taste tests b to promote the sale of colas B. the improvement of quality is the chief concern of the two cola companies C. the competition between the two colas is very strong D. blind tasting is necessary for identifying fans 4. The word "burnout"(Line4,Para.5) here refers to the state of _____. A. being seriously burnt in the skin B. being unable to burn for lack of fuel C. being badly damaged by fire D. being unable to function because of excessive use 5. The author's purpose in writing this passage is to _____. A. show that taste preference is highly subjective B. argue that taste testing is an important marketing strategy C. emphasize that taste and price are closely related to each other D. recommend that blind tasting be introduced in the quality control of colas 1.[A] 第1段第3句提到，由于两⼤可乐公司的营销如此具有攻击性，我们不由想知道对味道的偏好在品牌忠诚度上起多⼤的作⽤，A与之相符。
2022年12月英语四级阅读真题及答案解析(新东方在线版)新
2022年12月英语四级阅读真题及答案解析（新东方在线版）无论是选词填空、长篇阅读还是认真阅读，与在四级课堂上讲到的解题技巧都有很高的契合度。
首先一起来谈谈选词填空这个题型。
总的来说，考点仍旧是课堂上反复跟大家强调的，用我们上课讲到的快速解题法则很快能得到正确答案。
首先第一步分析选项词性。
今年名词考2个，动词考5个，形容词考1个，副词2个。
如此一来，我们很快把15选1缩小到了最多是7选1，最少的状况是1选1。
另外，请留意，名词通过单复数，动词通过时态和非谓语动词还可以进一步缩小范围。
选词填空答案如下：26. F Damage27. B associated28 .M sources29 .D constant30 .G described31 .E control32 .H equals33 .K regularly34. I exclusively35 .O vehicles长篇阅读难度持平，用定位法则快速找定位即可，特殊要留意的是题干中只消失的大写专出名词、数字、时间、连词符和只消失过一次的表达。
今年的匹配题比较难，少数题干消失了同义替换的现象，大多数还是根据我们说的用到的是类似的表达和词性的替换。
匹配题答案如下：36-40 DBGFI 41-45 FCJEG36. More than half of the food Americans eat is factory-produced37.There is a special program that assigns doctors to give advice to shoppers in food stores.38.There is growing evidence from research that food helps patients recover from various illnesses.39. A healthy breakfast can be prepared quickly and easily.40.Training a patient to prepare healthy fod can change their life.41. One food-as-medicine program not only prescribes food for treatment but teaches patientshow to cook it.42. Scott is nat keen on cooking food herself thinking it would simply be a waste of time43. Diabetes patients are advised to eat more plant-based fooding food as medicine is no novel idea but the movement is making headway these days.45. Americans high rates of various illesses result from the way they eat.再来谈谈认真阅读部分。
大学英语四级优秀作文(3篇)
大学英语四级优秀作文（3篇）（一）University Students’ Pursuit of Famous1. 现在很多大学生都追求穿，用2. 你对这种现象的看法●审题概述●这是一篇论述对大学生追求和使用看法的文章。
第一段，详述大学生热衷追求、使用的情形以及人们的看法。
第二段，重点谈你对此的看法。
【范文】University Students’ Pursuit of Famous Brands“What perfumes are you wearing?”“Aren’t your shoes Nike’s latest release?”“I like the Mickey bag you bought yesterday.”“I hear the Jack & Jones store is on sale this week. Do you wanna come along?” Don’t feel surprised if you hear them coming out of the mouth of college students.It’s quite common to hear and see college students swapping information about the brands they like and the products they use. In fact, discussions about brand names have become one of the college students’ favourite pastimes. They learn about the latest fashion from each other, exchange tips about when and where to get the item, and buy it at their earliest convenience. “Keeping up with the Joneses”is their conviction –“If the Joneses have it, how could I have not?”About this current mindset of the college students, many people may hasten to show their disapproval. They’ll probably take it to be a reflection of the students’ vanity and superficiality. And they may lecture them on the virtue of being thrifty.However, I beg to differ. For one thing, name-brand products are usually quality products. As such, they are something beautiful, endurable, and reliable. “The love of beauty is common to all,” goes the proverb; therefore, there’s nothing to blame about the pursuit of famous brands. For the other, college students are old enough to make their own decisions. Likewise, they must abide by the consequences if they make an ill-advised one. If they let their pursuit of brands eat into their budget for other more important issues,they should be able to correct their mistakes and keep everything in moderation. So this becomes no other than a good chance to learn management, isn’t it?◇第一段思路点评：本段分为两个部分，即详细陈述大学生追求和使用的情况，以及人们对此的看法。
2023年6月英语四级考试阅读理解【精选6篇】
2023年6月英语四级考试阅读理解【精选6篇】（经典版）编制人：__________________审核人：__________________审批人：__________________编制单位：__________________编制时间：____年____月____日序言下载提示：该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的，希望大家下载后，能够帮助大家解决实际问题。
文档下载后可定制修改，请根据实际需要进行调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种类型的经典范文，如总结报告、合同协议、规章制度、条据文书、策划方案、心得体会、演讲致辞、教学资料、作文大全、其他范文等等，想了解不同范文格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor. I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!Moreover, our store provides various types of classic sample essays, such as summary reports, contract agreements, rules and regulations, doctrinal documents, planning plans, insights, speeches, teaching materials, complete essays, and other sample essays. If you want to learn about different sample formats and writing methods, please pay attention!2023年6月英语四级考试阅读理解【精选6篇】英语阅读在英语四级考试中占有相当大的。
四级真题：2011年12月四级阅读理解解析
英语类考试频道为友整理⼤学英语四六级考试，供⼤家参考学习。
Passage One Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage. If you’re a male and you’re reading this, congratulations: you’re a survivor. According to statistics, you’re more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer than a woman, than nine times more likely to die of AIDS. Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in Australia, you’ll die on average five years before a woman. There’re many reasons for this – typically, men take more risks than women and are more likely to drink and smoke – but perhaps more importantly, men don’t go to the doctor. “Men aren’t seeing doctors as often as they should,” says Dr. Gullotta. “This is particularly so for the over-40s, when diseases tend to strike.” Gullotta says a healthy man should visit the doctor every year or two. For those over45, it should be at least once a year. Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50-year-old man who had delayed doing anything about his smoker’s cough for a year. “When I finally saw him it had already spread and he has since died from lung cancer,” he says. “Earlier detection and treatment may not have cured him, but it would have prolonged (延长) his life.” According to a recent survey, 95%of women aged between 15and early 40s see a doctor once a year, compared to 70% of men in the same age group. “A lot of men think they’re invincible (不可战胜的),” Gullotta says. “They only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and they think, ‘Geez, if it could happen to him, …’” Then there’s the ostrich approach. “Some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not know,” says Dr, Ross Cartmill. “Most men get their cars serviced more regularly than they service their bodies,”Cartmill says. He believes most diseases that commonly affect men could be addressed by preventive check-ups. Regular check-ups for men would inevitable place strain on the public purse, Cartmill says. “But prevention is cheaper in the long run than having to treat the diseases. Besides, the ultimate cost far greater; it’s called premature death.” 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
英语四级考试15选10阅读技巧综述
最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！洛基英语，免费体验全部在线一对一课程：/ielts/xd.html（报名网址）15选10是大英四级改革后阅读的新题型，有些同学做这种题时会盲目地“试答案”，这不仅会使正确率下降，还会影响答题时间。
其实，做这种题时还是有很多规律可循的。
一般将备选分类是最有效的方法，可以按词性划分为名词、动词、形容词和副词。
同样，平均到这些类别中的词汇也减少到了3、4个，这样通过上下文判别空缺单词的词性来有的放矢地选择答案，作对的几率就会明显上升。
我觉得这种题型和完型填空还是有相似性的，但要比后者简单。
一些完型中的用在15选10中。
比如，常见的固定搭配，语法知识点和句子与句子间的逻辑关系等。
这里会涉及到英语语言的2大特点，即篇章的一致性与连贯性。
下面我结合实例进行讲解。
例：El Nino is the name given to the mysterious and often unpredictable change in the climate of the world. This strange __47__ happens every five to eight years. It starts in the Pacific Ocean and is thought to be caused by a failure in the trade winds, which affects the ocean currents driven by these winds. As the trade winds lessen in __48__ , the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5°CThe warming of the ocean has far-reaching effects. The hot , humid air over the ocean causes severe __49__ thunderstorms. The rainfall is increased across South America __50__ floods to Peru. In the West Pacific, there are droughts affecting Australia and Indonesia. So while some parts or the world prepare for heavy rains and floods, other parts face drought, poor crops and __51__.El Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1982-83 El Nino brought the most __52__ weather in modern history. Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billon pounds __53__ of damage. The 1990 El Nino lasted until June 1995. Scientists __54__ this to be the longest El Nino for 2,000 years.Nowadays, weather expert are able to forecast when an El Nino will __55__, buy they still not __56__ sure what leads to it or what affects how strong it will be.备选：A) estimate I) completelyB) strength J) destructiveC) deliberately K) starvationD) notify L) bringingE) tropical M) exhaustionF) phenomenon N) worthG) stable O) strikeH) attraction第一步：先将选项按词性划分：名词有B) strength F) phenomenon H) attraction K) starvation M) exhaustion N) worth;动词有A) estimate D) notify L) bringing O) strike;副词有C) deliberately I) completely;形容词有E) tropical G) stable J) destructive如果有陌生单词，可以通过前后缀来辨别，这里就不一一赘述。
英语四级阅读理解真题分析
英语四级阅读理解真题分析英语四级考试中，阅读理解是一个非常重要的部分，也是考察考生英语综合能力的一个重要方面。
下面将对英语四级阅读理解真题进行分析，帮助大家更好地应对考试。
第一篇：Climate Change and Hurricanes本文介绍了气候变化与飓风之间的关系。
首先，全球变暖导致了海洋温度的上升，进而导致飓风的强度和频率增加。
其次，冰雪融化导致海平面上升，加剧了飓风造成的洪灾。
最后，气候变化还会改变大气环流和降雨模式，从而增加了飓风的暴雨和破坏性降雨的可能性。
从这篇文章中我们可以学到几个关键点：1.全球变暖导致飓风强度和频率的增加；2.冰雪融化导致海平面上升，加剧洪灾；3.气候变化改变了大气环流和降雨模式，增加了暴雨和破坏性降雨的可能性。
第二篇：The Benefits of Bilingualism这篇文章介绍了双语能力的好处。
首先，双语者比单语者更容易适应新环境和解决问题。
其次，双语能力可以提高工作效率和职业机会。
此外，双语者还拥有更多的文化认同感和沟通能力，可以更好地理解和尊重其他文化。
通过这篇文章我们可以了解到双语能力的好处：1.容易适应新环境和解决问题；2.提高工作效率和职业机会；3.拥有更多的文化认同感和沟通能力。
第三篇：The Impact of Social Media on Society这篇文章讨论了社交媒体对社会的影响。
首先，社交媒体改变了人们的社交方式，使得人们更容易与朋友和家人保持联系。
其次，社交媒体也给人们提供了获取信息和参与公共讨论的平台。
然而，社交媒体也存在一些负面影响，比如信息泛滥和个人隐私问题。
通过这篇文章我们可以了解到社交媒体对社会的影响：1.改变人们的社交方式；2.提供信息获取和参与讨论的平台；3.存在信息泛滥和个人隐私问题。
总结：通过对以上三篇阅读理解真题的分析，我们可以发现真题中涉及到了不同的主题和观点。
在备考英语四级阅读理解时，我们应该注重扩大词汇量、加强阅读速度和理解能力的训练。
U校园新四级强化辅导阅读(新版)答案
U校园新四级强化辅导阅读（新版）答案【注】：此文章为新四级强化辅导阅读（新版）答案，使用前请仔细核对文章内容是否与所学教程内容一致。
新四级强化辅导阅读（新版）共五章。
建议提前简略核对以下章节内容是否匹配。
第五章考前冲刺5.2四级全套真题训练2019年6月卷三57.翻译题目：舞狮作为中国传统民间表演已有2000多年历史......2019年12月卷三57.翻译题目：中国汉族人的全名由姓和名组成......5.3四级全套模拟训练模拟训练11.写作题目：1. 下图为X市抽样调查市民对选秀节目态度的结果，请简要描述图中信息......56.What is the author's attitude toward handwriting?57.翻译题目：中国是一个发展中的沿海大国......模拟训练21.写作题目：很多大学开设了心理健康课或配备了专职心理咨询老师......56.Efforts to deliberately transplant the bluegill sunfish and the largemouth bass into Panama would probably fail due to ________.57.翻译题目：旅游业是当今全球发展最快的行业之一......U校园新四级强化辅导阅读（新版）答案第一章四级阅读入门1.2四级阅读综述随堂测试11.35%2.判断正误3.不超过一次4.以上都对5.语义转述题第二章仔细阅读解密2.1解题秘钥1随堂测试11.划出关键词2.带大写字母的词、数字3.以上都是4.But5.细节理解题的正确答案大多是对原文的概括归纳。
2.2解题秘钥2随堂测试11.四级阅读中，议论文和记叙文的出现频率最高。
2.六要素3.对比论证4.举例子5.根据两类关键词快速定位答题区间，一是人名、机构名等专有名词，二是book, survey, research, report之类的名词。
大学四级阅读理解(精选5篇)
大学四级阅读理解（精选5篇）1.大学四级阅读理解第1篇四级阅读的题目中，有些问题提问的不只是一个方面，这类题目考查的就是小伙伴们整合信息的能力了。
虽然说在一般情况下，我们的四级阅读是一个萝卜一个坑，一道题目考查一个信息，但是还是会有复合型题目的出现。
有些题目，需要我们整合整篇文章的有用信息来作答，有的题目需要我们整合某几段的内容，大家在做题的时候要提炼出每一段的主旨大意，这样在后做题的时候，就更方便我们得到答案了。
2.大学四级阅读理解第2篇一、写作写作部分测试学生用英语进行书面表达的能力，所占分值比例为15%，考试时间30分钟。
写作测试选用考生所熟悉的题材，要求考生根据所提供的信息及提示(如：提纲、情景、图片或图表等)写出一篇短文，四级120-180词，六级150-200词。
二、听力为了适应新的形势下社会对大学生英语听力能力需求的变化，进一步提高听力测试的效度，全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会自20XX年6月考试起将对四、六级考试的听力试题作局部调整。
调整的相关内容说明如下：1、取消短对话。
2、取消短文听写。
3、新增短篇新闻(3段)，其余测试内容不变。
自本次考试起，调整后的CET4听力时间为25分钟，考试起止时间调整为9:00-11:20。
三、阅读理解阅读理解部分包括1篇长篇阅读和3篇仔细阅读，测试学生在不同层面上的阅读理解能力，包括理解篇章或段落的主旨大意和重要细节、综合分析、推测判断以及根据上下文推测词义等能力。
该部分所占分值比例为35%，其中长篇阅读占10%，仔细阅读占25%。
考试时间40分钟。
四、翻译翻译部分测试学生把汉语所承载的信息用英语表达出来的能力，所占分值比例为15%，考试时间30分钟。
翻译题型为段落汉译英。
翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等。
四级长度为140-160个汉字，六级长度为180-200个汉字。
3.大学四级阅读理解第3篇torture 拷问,痛苦拷问,使痛苦,曲解auto autos=automobile 自动汽车自动的,自己的diligent 勤奋的, 用功的label 标签; 称标记，符号; [建] 门或窗户上面的线脚贴标签于; 把…称为; 把…列为; [化]用放射性元素使(元素或原子等)示踪aerial 空气的; 航空的，空中的; 空想的 [电讯] 天线track 小路, 跑道, 轨道, 踪迹; 惯例, 常规跟踪, 追踪roast 烤肉,烘烤烘烤的,烤过的烤,烘焙spray 水沫,喷雾器 & 喷雾,扫射,喷射alert 警觉的,灵敏的警戒,警报警惕,使意识到herd 兽群,人群,牧人群集,使成群,放牧聚在一起environmental 环境的spur 马刺, 刺激, 鞭策, 支脉, (公路或铁路的)支线, 以马刺策(马)前进, 刺激, 激励, 给(马)装马刺plot 阴谋, 情节，图, (小块)土地，绘图, 密谋, 计划，标示位置purchase 购买, 购买的物品支点; 紧握, 抓紧购买, 赢得; (用设备)举起, 移动participate 参加某事; 分享某事得到或接受某部分东西excel 超过, 优于胜出 [计算机] 软件名称stain 污染,污点,著色沾染,染污,著色battery 电池,一系列,排炮mortgage 抵押抵押;房屋抵押贷款expenditure (时间、劳力、金钱等)支出,使用,消耗racial 种族的,人种的discard 丢牌,废牌丢弃,抛弃丢牌optimism 乐观,乐观主义drain 下水道,排水沟,消耗耗尽,排出,排干,喝光变干,排出,排水satisfactory 令人满意的boost 推进,支援,增加推进,提高donation 捐赠物, 捐款, 捐赠formula 公式,配方,规则;代乳品 (赛车的)级的，方程式的illustrate 举例说明,作图解举例noticeable 显而易见的beneficial 有益的,有利的schedule 时间表, 一览表, 计划安排, 计划, 预定, 编制目录fraction 分数, 小部分, 破片import 进口进口,输入输入,进口uneasy 不自在的, 心神不安的, 不稳定的, 不舒服的frank 坦白的,直率的,无误的免费邮寄,使自由出入免费邮寄committee 委员会impress 印象,特徵,印记使有印象,影响,印刻,传送给人印象impressive 给人深刻印象的observation 观察,观察力,评论被设计用来观察的racial 种族的,人种的discard 丢牌,废牌丢弃,抛弃丢牌optimism 乐观,乐观主义drain 下水道,排水沟,消耗耗尽,排出,排干,喝光变干,排出,排水satisfactory 令人满意的boost 推进,支援,增加推进,提高donation 捐赠物, 捐款, 捐赠formula 公式,配方,规则;代乳品 (赛车的)级的，方程式的illustrate 举例说明,作图解举例noticeable 显而易见的beneficial 有益的,有利的schedule 时间表, 一览表, 计划安排, 计划, 预定, 编制目录fraction 分数, 小部分, 破片import 进口进口,输入输入,进口uneasy 不自在的, 心神不安的, 不稳定的, 不舒服的frank 坦白的,直率的,无误的免费邮寄,使自由出入免费邮寄committee 委员会impress 印象,特徵,印记使有印象,影响,印刻,传送给人印象impressive 给人深刻印象的observation 观察,观察力,评论被设计用来观察的accelerate 加速,提前,跳级加速gaze 凝视凝视survive 比…活得长,幸免于难,艰难度过活着, 继续存在suspect 猜疑(是); 怀疑，不信任; 怀疑…有罪嫌疑犯怀疑session 开会，会议;(法庭的)开庭; 会期，学期; (进行某活动连续的)一段时间purify (使)净化，(使)精炼，涤罪harmonious 和睦的, 和谐的, 音调优美的release 释放, 让渡, 发行释放, 让与, 准予发表, 发射element 成分,要素,元素,基本原理,(复数)恶劣天气settle 有背的长凳安放,安顿,解决,决定,付清(欠款) 定居,降落acute 尖的，锐的; 敏锐的，敏感的; 严重的，剧烈的; [医]急性的, 激烈的, 尖锐的profound 极深的,深奥的,深厚的,严重的luxury 奢侈, 豪华, 奢侈品induce 引诱,导致,催生admission 许可, 入会费, 承认historic 有历史意义的virtue 美德,优点;贞操convince 说服, 使相信operator 操作员,管理者,技工,报务员legal 法律的,合法的,法定的4.大学四级阅读理解第4篇江湖上，每每侠客想要救人或是寻求某物都会有这样那样的闯关之说，想想我们考研的一干人等在通关考研这个环节也与江湖规则有相似之处。
2023年12月英语四级阅读
2023年12月英语四级阅读Title: The Evolution of E-Reading: A 2023 Perspective.In the rapidly evolving digital landscape, the way we consume and engage with content has undergone significant transformation. One such transformation is the rise of e-reading, which has revolutionized the way we read books, newspapers, and other forms of textual content. As we enter 2023, the phenomenon of e-reading continues to gain momentum, with new technologies, platforms, and devices constantly pushing the boundaries of this digital reading experience.The convenience of e-reading is one of its primary attractions. With the advent of smartphones, tablets, and dedicated e-readers, access to a vast library of books and other reading materials is now literally at our fingertips. This portability allows readers to indulge in theirfavorite stories anytime, anywhere, without being tethered to a physical book or a stationary device.Moreover, the personalization of e-reading experiencesis another key factor driving its popularity. Modern e-reading devices and apps offer customizable features suchas adjustable font sizes, backlighting, and readingprogress tracking, among others. These features cater tothe unique reading preferences and needs of individuals, making the reading experience more enjoyable and accessible.In addition to personalization, the interactive natureof e-reading is another standout feature. Unliketraditional print media, digital texts can be enhanced with hyperlinks, videos, audio clips, and interactive elements that bring the story to life. This multimedia integration not only makes the reading experience more engaging butalso opens up new possibilities for authors and publishersto create more dynamic and immersive content.However, the rise of e-reading has not been without its challenges. One such challenge is the issue of digital eye strain, which can arise from prolonged exposure to screens. To address this, manufacturers have been developing newdisplay technologies that aim to reduce eye strain while maintaining the readability and portability of e-readers.Another challenge is the ethical and environmental implications of e-reading. The production and disposal of electronic devices can have a significant impact on the environment. However, the industry is increasingly focusing on sustainable practices and eco-friendly materials to mitigate these impacts.Despite these challenges, the future of e-reading looks bright. With continuous advancements in technology and the increasing availability of high-speed internet, the potential for e-reading to expand and evolve is immense. We can expect to see more innovative devices, platforms, and content formats emerge in the coming years, further enhancing the digital reading experience.In conclusion, the evolution of e-reading has opened up a new world of possibilities for readers, authors, and publishers. As we move into 2023 and beyond, the convenience, personalization, and interactivity of e-reading will continue to reshape our reading habits and transform the way we engage with textual content.。
2022年12月四级真题综述
2022年12月四级真题综述2022年12月的四级考试是继2022年四级改革“大变脸”之后第二次动作较大的改革。
其中变化最大的地方有两处：一是取消了完型填空这一题型；二是阅读部分出现了一种新题型——长篇阅读（即段落信息匹配题），这种题型取代了之前延续多年的快速阅读题型。
此外，听力和翻译部分也有变化。
本文笔者就结合2022年12月四级考试的几套真题，对本次四级考试各题型的考查特点和难点进行概述，以帮助考生从整体上把握本次四级考试的面貌，为新的四级考试做好准备。
从形式上看，本次四级作文沿袭了2022年6月四级作文的命题思路，依旧采用“看图说话”的作文形式，要求考生根据漫画内容来写作。
“看图说话”的考法比较灵活，难度相应较大，也更重注语言的实际运用。
从内容上看，笔者搜集到的三道作文题目都涉及热门的IT技术。
其中一道题目是关于网络对人际交往方式的影响，另一道题目提到了著名的网络搜索引擎谷歌，还有一道题目涉及日常生活中常见的“低头族”（即整日低头看手机的年轻一族）。
总结本次四级写作部分难度不小。
考生除了要具备一定的词汇量和句法知识外，还需要具备较强的逻辑思考能力。
在动笔前，考生要能够迅速找到切入点，选取某个合适的角度来进行评述。
而动笔时，开头段怎样引入话题、中间段怎样举例论证观点、结尾段如何总结评论等一系列问题都很考验考生的逻辑思维能力，对考生来说是个不小的挑战。
建议考生备考时多积累热点话题的英文表达，同时有意识地训练自己组织语言和独立思考的能力。
本次听力部分总体来说难度不算大，但由于改革后听力部分发生了一些变化，很多考生在考场上发挥得不够理想。
笔者首先谈谈这次听力考试在时间上的变化及对考生的影响。
改革前的四级听力考试时间总计为35分钟，而改革后缩短到了30分钟。
另外，时间的分配也有变化。
改革前，整个听力考试不间断地进行，在录音全部播放完后，会留下两三分钟的时间给考生填涂并检查答题卡，而此次改革完全取消了涂卡的时间。
2021年上半年大学英语四级阅读文章赏析
2021年上半年大学英语四级阅读文章赏析（2021最新版）作者：______编写日期：2021年__月__日【篇一】2021年上半年大学英语四级阅读文章赏析President Arling has put his long awaited economic restructuring program before the Congress. It provides a coordinated program of investment credits, research grants, education reforms, and tax changes designed to make American industry more competitive. This is necessary to reverse the economic slide into unemployment, lack of growth, and tradedeficits that have plagued the economy for the past six years.The most liberal wing of the President’s party has called for stronger and more direct action. They want an incomes policy to check inflation while federal financing helps rebuild industry behind a wall of protective tariffs.The Republicans, however, decry even the modest, graduated tax increases in the President’s program. They want tax cuts and more open market. They say if federal money has to be injected into the economy, let it through defence spending.Both these alternatives ignore the unique nature of the economic problem before us. It is not simply a matter of markets or financing. The new technology allows vastly increased production for those able to master it. But it also threatens those who fail to adopt it with permanent second-class citizenship in the world economy. If an industry cannot lever itself up to the leading stage of technological advances, then it will not be able to compete effectively. If it cannot do this, no amount of government protectionism or access to foreign markets can keep it profitable for long. Without the profitsand experience of technological excellence to reinvest, that industry can only fall still further behind its foreign competitors.So the crux is the technology and that is where the President’s program focused. The danger is not that a plan will not be passed, it is that the ideologues of right and left will distort the bill with amendments that will blur its focus on technology. The economic restructuring plan should be passed intact. If we fail to restructure our economy now, we may not get a second chance.【篇二】2021年上半年大学英语四级阅读文章赏析Although the top men in smuggling business must work together, most of a syndicate’s small fry, especially the mules, know only their immediate contacts. If caught there is little they can give away. A mule probably will not even know the name of the person who gives him his instructions, nor how to get in touch with him. Usually he even does not know theperson to whom he has to make delivery. He will be told just to sit tight in a certain hotel or bar until someone contacts him. In this way if he is blown, coming through airport customs he cannot unwittingly lead agents to the next link in the chain. All the persons at the receiving end do is to hang around the airport among the waiting crowd, and see that the mule comes through safely. If he does not, he is dimply written off as a loss. To make identification of mules easier, several syndicates have devised their own "club ties" so that a mule wearing one can immediately be picked out.Mules often receive careful training before embarking on their first journey. One Beirut organization, for example, uses a room with three airline seats in it. There the trainee mules sit for hours on end wearing weighted smuggling vests beneath their clothes, so that they become accustomed to standing up after a long flight in a natural way, and without revealing what they are carrying. An outfit in Brussels maintained a comfortable apartment where the mules could relax and get a firm grip on themselves on the night before their first journey; they were helped to dress before setting out for the airport in the morning. More often than not a courier will not know preciselywhere he is going or what flight number is until he is actually handed his tickets at the airport. This prevents the careless boast in some bar or to a girl friend the night before.Mules occasionally run off with the goods to keep the profit themselves. As insurance against this, a syndicate often sends a high-up on the same plane to keep a wary eye on couriers, particularly new ones. Even then things can go badly wrong. One international currency smuggler who was having trouble getting money out of Britain was offered help by a group of men who said they were in a position to "fix thing"– for a fee of course. Foolishly, the smuggler agreed to accept their help. When he got to London’s Heathrow Airport, he handed over to one of the men a black suitcase containing nearly $90,000 in cash, destined for Frankfurt. Just to keep an eye on things, the smuggler went along on the same plane. When they landed at Frankfurt he was handed back his suitcase. He beat a straight path to the men’s toilet, opened the case, and found only old clothes. The courier had switched suitcase en route, but the smuggler could hardly run to the police and complain that "the man who was smuggling money out of England for me has stolen it."【篇三】2021年上半年大学英语四级阅读文章赏析If you smoke and you still don’t believe that there’s a definite link between smoking and bronchial troubles, heart disease and lung cancer, then you are certainly deceiving yourself. No one will accuse you of hypocrisy. Let us just say that you are suffering from a bad case ofwishful thinking. This needn’t make you too uncomfortable because you are in good company. Whenever the subject of smoking and health is raised, the governments of most countries hear no evil, see no evil and smell no evil. Admittedly, a few governments have taken timid measures. In Britain for instance, cigarette advertising has been banned on television. The conscience of the nation is appeased, while the population continues to puff its way to smoky, cancerous death.You don’t have to look very far to find out why the official reactions to medical findings have been so lukewarm. The answer is simply money. Tobacco is a wonderful commodity to tax. It’salmost like a tax on our daily bread. In tax revenue alone, the government of Britain collects enough from smokers to pay for its entire educational facilities. So while the authorities point out ever so discreetly that smoking may, conceivable, be harmful, it doesn’t do to shout too loudly about it.This is surely the most short-sighted policy you could imagine. While money is eagerly collected in vast sums with one hand, it is paid out in increasingly vaster sums with the other. Enormous amounts are spent on cancer research and on efforts to cure people suffering from the disease. Countless valuable lives are lost. In the long run, there is no doubt that everybody would be much better-off if smoking were banned altogether.Of course, we are not ready for such a drastic action. But if the governments of the world were honestly concerned bout the welfare of their peoples, you’d think they’d conduct aggressive anti-smoking campaigns. Far from it! The tobacco industry is allowed to spend staggering sums on advertising. Its advertising is as insidious as it is dishonest. We are never shown pictures of real smokers coughing up their lungs early in the morning. That would never do. The advertisement alwaysdepict virile, clean-shaven young men. They suggest it is manly to smoke, even positively healthy! Smoking is associated with the great open-air life, with beautiful girls, true love and togetherness. What utter nonsense!For a start, governments could begin by banning all cigarette and tobacco advertising and should then conduct anti-smoking advertising campaigns of their own. Smoking should be banned in all public places like theatres, cinemas and restaurants. Great efforts should be made to inform young people especially of the dire consequences of taking up the habit. A horrific warning – say, a picture of a death’s head should be included in every packet of cigarettes that is sold. As individuals, we are certainly weak, but if governments acted honestly and courageously, they could protect us from ourselves.。
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第一部分阅读综述第一章阅读概述一、掌握阅读技能和策略读者在阅读实践中第一步应着重培养以下几种技能与策略。
(1)猜测词义(guessing)：辨认要点和重要信息、话语中的标记词(however，also，therefore等)、指代词(this，those，that，it等)。
(2)浏览(skimming)：以迅速了解读物要旨，了解作者意图或文章的组织结构，这是一种有选择性的、有针对性的阅读技巧。
(3)审读(scanning)：以快速找出具体信息，如名字、数字等等，准确找出或归纳出句中的主旨大意。
(4)推理(inferring)：依据特定的语篇语境，在理解的基础上，经过逻辑推断，分析体会作者的思想，总结归纳作者的意图，了解文章的内涵和“弦外之音”。
(5)预测(predicting)：根据前文出现的信息对可能后继的信息做出预测或根据文章开头提出初步设想，猜测故事的内容和可能会发生的情节。
然后，运用先前获取的知识和经验进行推理，验证开头的假设是否正确。
在深入理解的过程中，不断修正自己的假设。
二、培养良好的阅读心理素质1创造性地去理解文章内容。
读者应清楚意识到提高英语阅读的效率需要一个过程。
在阅读过程中，首先要充满信心，心情平和，积极主动地与作者沟通，创造性地去理解文章内容。
2 排除任何思想和心理负担。
3 阅读时思想一定要高度集中尽量保持阅读的速度和理解的准确性，充分运用自己现有的英语水平和相关知识，发挥主观能动性。
三、培养良好的阅读习惯良好的阅读习惯是有效地阅读的基本保证，两者相辅相成，密切相关。
要养成良好的阅读习惯应从以下几分面着手培养。
1．按意群阅读，扩大视幅视幅指眼睛每停留一次所能清晰地感知的文字的广度。
视幅对阅读的影响表现在每一次看清字数的多少及定置次数与时间两方面。
阅读理解思想的基本单位是意群组成的句子，在阅读中实际运用就是按意群阅读，阅读时可先将文章划分为若干意群，然后按意群默读。
例如：When the Judge had finished／what he was saying,／Mrs. Young opened her handbag she was carrying／and took out the sewing．Without saying a word／she chose a needle with a very small eye／and threaded it at her first try．2．少用或不用词典在阅读时切忌查词典。
其一，影响读速; 其二，不利于理解文章的信息内容。
解决的惟一办法是学会猜测词义，掌握猜测技巧。
四、了解英语语言国家的文化背景知识以阅读为中心学文化，接触和了解英语语言国家的文化有益于对英语的理解和使用。
读者在阅读过程中把接触到的英语语言国家的文化知识与身边的日常生活密切联系起来并进行比较，如“blue”(蓝色)在汉语中的含义是美好的，像“湛蓝的大海”，但在英语中它常表示“不愉快的”，如“in a blue mood”(情绪低沉、忧郁、沮丧)，“in a blue day”(倒霉的一天)。
“blue”又可用来表示社会地位高、有权势或出身高贵：“He is a real blue blood．”(他是真正的贵族。
)读者还应扩大接触英语语言国家文化的范围，提高对中外文化差异的敏感性和鉴别能力，逐步培养跨文化交际能力。
从以上四方面来看，我们可以归纳为读者在阅读中应培养自己的语言识别能力。
具体如图所示。
确定读物的组织结构了解整篇读物的基调识别作者的思想倾向、所持态度理解文中隐含意义理解支持句的意义区分文章主、次要大意（包括主题与细节）确定作者的主旨大意识别书写符号的意义、如标点、斜体、大小写等识别长句、复杂句子的结构及其意义根据上下文推断生词词义第二章如何进行阅读一、培养阅读的方法阅读是一种理解和接受信息的言语活动。
我们要有效地培养自己的阅读能力，就必须分别用不同的阅读方法来加以训练，让自己在大量的阅读中，积累词汇、短语、习语，形成语感，掌握阅读技巧和阅读能力。
1．词语提示词是语音、意义和语法特点三者统一的整体，词又是语句的基本结构单位。
在阅读过程中要培养自己注重辨认一词多义、同义词、反义词、词的搭配的能力及根据上下文猜测词义的能力。
而词语认知技能通常依赖于提示意义的上下文关系。
在阅读中还要学会以词语、句子和词篇作为整体来认知而不是以字母和孤立的单词作为认知的中介单位。
捕捉文章中使用的关键词语的方法如下：(1)关键词语吸引读者的注意力去捕捉句子和语段的主要意思。
例如：In the South American rain forest abide the greatest acrobats on earth．根据上下文猜测“acrobats”是“猴子”的意思。
(2)表示句子与句子之间的连接词，它们有and，besides，both等。
例如：Besides the great Golden Gate Bridge，San Francisco has many other places of interest such as the China Town—the largest in USA。
(3)表明从句意思或思想转变的关系分句或句子的转折词语，它们有in spite of，on the contrary，however和but等。
例如：①In spite of major funding cuts that followed, some scientists kept on with their researches.②Differences between Japanese and Western ways of doing business, however, often bewilder the foreign businessmen and make doing business in Japan difficult for foreigners.(3)Bennet could not keep the secret but the people of San Francisco did not believe him at first．(4)印刷设计，用斜体字、黑体字、省略号、画线、星号等以示强调重点。
例如：Just think of the cars that are traded in daily，just because they are out of style．(5)表示意义重大的大写。
例如：①Her advice to young readers now appear regularly in the Philadelphia Bulletin in a column called DEAR ANGEL．②It is because in fresh air more oxygen is taken into our Systems and more wastes are given off.③“Abby”’and“Ann Landers“are probably——．A．real names of two womenB．two experienced doctorsC．two famous lawyersD．pen names of two women(Abby和Landers是两位专栏女作者的笔名。
)(6)特别注意not，except，least等含有否定意义的词汇。
否则，不是理解错，就是答案相反，例如：Which of the following statements is Not correct?All of the following are true EXCEPT…2．句法系统的提示：句法系统的提示，是指通过识别句子各成分之间的句法关系达到理解句子的意思。
例如：He is an American who，leaving behind all his old way of thinking and doing，receives new ones from the new ways of life he has embraced，the new government he obeys，and the new place in life he holds．由于这句句子比较长，读者应先将leaving behind all his old ways of thinking and doing这一插入语盖住，使句子变得容易理解。
3．语义系统的提示语义系统的提示，是指从上下文及背景知识等语境因素中获得对意义的理解，抓住篇段的中心思想，找出主题句。
英语中的主题句通常在语篇之首，少数在语篇末尾或中间。
主题句的意思比较概括，不涉及具体的事实。
它主要用于介绍语篇的主要观点，概括作者主要意图。
为了更好地理解意义，还需捕捉展开主题思想的佐证，包括原因、实例等，并提醒自己多注意语篇结尾作结论的陈述句。
还要注意语篇总的基调，寻找作者对该主题所持观点和对读者的期望。
二、阅读指南1．影响正确理解的几个因素英语阅读时理解效果差可能是由于下列因素的影响。
(1)词汇知识贫乏。
单词记忆不牢，缺乏必要的词汇知识，会造成理解错误。
不会根据上下文来理解和确定词义，甚至查完词典后仍不知该选择哪条释义。
或者习惯于用自己最熟悉的词义去理解，而大多数英语单词都是一词多义。
这样往往会造成对句子的理解似是而非，甚至会导致对整个段落的曲解。
(2)语法基础不扎实。
语法知识和对英语习惯表达法掌握得不好，也是造成理解失误的一个重要原因。
有些人不会分析和理解英语复合句，对主句和从句之间、从句和从句之间的复杂关系理不出头绪，遇到习惯用法更是摸不着头脑，因此理解不了句子的确切意义。
(3)理解停留在单句水平上。
不少人习惯于逐词逐句地阅读，不会根据上下文线索来分析和判断词义句意，更不会把获得的信息前事连贯起来，读了下旬忘了上句，所以总是停留在单句水平的理解上，不能达到语篇水平上的理解。
本来储存到大脑中的信息量就不多，又不能有效地加工处理以使信息得到扩展，当然就影响了对材料的整体理解效果。
(4)对阅读理解试题的材料不适应。
阅读理解考试的材料与课文之间有一定的差距。
课文的结构都比较松散，篇幅长而信息量却相对来说较少。
考试的阅读材料就不同了，它们篇幅短小、结构严谨、信息量大，是一些浓缩了的段落。
我们平时读课文时速度可以慢一些，可以重复多次阅读，还可以查词典。
考试时就不成了，我们要在规定的时间内完成阅读任务，要力求一遍读懂，把浓缩在材料中的大量信息尽可能多地找出来，没有平时的基本功当然是不行的。