绿道规划的娱乐、文化和视觉价值

lands, hence the streams are the real foundation in greenways in New England. Kent and Elliott appropriately titled their papers on scenic roads, which according to them provide a greenway skeleton. Indeed, it can be seen that scenic roads may be the most important skeleton or elements in New England which links the historical/cultural landscapes to the mostly natural and recreational greenways along rivers, streams and coastal areas. In the case of the Shannon et al. paper, in addition to the visual values, the 100 mile section of the St. Lawrence River, this international corridor is also a foundation for their greenway planning. In summary, these papers describe seven very different greenways planning approaches, a set of concerns and issues which represent greenways efforts in five countries from Bulgathe United States.
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ues, for example, are not the only foundation of these papers. The papers by Burel and Baudry and Kent and Elliott, use the visual values of cultural landscapes as the “framework” or “Skeleton” of greenways planning. But in the case of Burel and Baudry, the hedgegrows which crisscross the French and other European landscapes, the majority of these hedgegrows are along, as they describe, the drainage ditches or many small streams of the landscape. The French and many European cultural landscapes indeed combine the natural drainage areas and cultural features, the hedgegrows, to produce a high quality scenic landscape. The scenic routes of Connecticut as described by Kent and Elliott are found less along the streams or ditches. In the glacial landscapes of New England, the great majority of settlements were built more on the sandier and upper
LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING
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Landscape and Urban Planning 33 (1995) 267-268
B. Recreational, cultural and visual values in greenway planning
The following seven papers deal primarily with recreational historic/cultural and visual values as part of the greenway planning process. The majority of these papers also include the natural factors in their planning process. Interestingly, the first three papers by Turner, Tzolova and Yahner are more comprehensive by integrating all major aspects of greenways, including natural, recreational and historical/cultural values. The author of the next paper of this section, Annaliese Bischaff, opens up another use potential that is to allow or encourage “greenways as vehicles for expression” Bischoff wished to add what she calls a fifth purpose in complementing the previous purposes of greenways, namely environment, ecology, education and exercise with “expression”. Three of the authors in the final group used visual values as the basis for greenways planning, or to determine what they call; “the framework” (Burel and Baudry); or “Skeleton” (Kent and Elliot); or “foundation” for greenways planning (Shannon et al.). In further examining the three papers by Tzolova, Yahner et al., and Turner, they describe more comprehensive approaches for greenways planning. Each of these papers integrate, to greater or lesser degree, the natural, recreational and historical/cultural resources into greenways planning. In spite of this common characteristic, the three papers could not be more different. The main reason is that the purpose of each of these greenways are unique. From Turner’s paper expands on the recreational trail and open space plan concepts of London. Turner offers both theoretical and practical alternatives to the single purpose recreation plan for London creating a network of greenways linked to more urban type ways such as blueways and skyways. His provocative thinking is a much welcomed contribution to this issue.
0169-2046/95/$09.50 0 1995 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved .SSDIO169-2046
The Tzolova paper focuses on the Bulgarian section of the Danube river. The Danube is one of the greatest rivers of Europe, as its watershed spans from the Black Forest (starting at Heidelburg in Germany) and drains most of Central Europe into the Black Sea. The Danube is not only an impressive natural system, it traverses eight countries including Germany, Austria, the Chech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria and Romania. Few rivers can match the incredible rich historic heritage values of the Danube, as the Latin, Slavic, Germanic cultures and finally the Magyars (the Hungarians) have made their imprints on this region over several millennia. The recreation potentials of the Danube are equally impressive, especially when its pollution level and as agriculture areas along the river will be reduced during the coming decades. These two factors jointly could give the impetus for greenways planning and implementation during the twenty-first century. The Yahner et al. paper involves greenways planning in the Cumberland Valley in Pennsylvania. Specifically for a gap within the 3300 km (2050 mile) long Appalachian trail, which runs along the ridges of the Appalachian Mountains. The 26 km (16 mile) long Cumberland Valley is very different in character from the dominant trail along the ridges of mountains because the agricultural use of this valley contrast the natural characteristics of the rest of the Appalachian trail system. The following paper in this section is by Annaliese Bischoff, whose concern is about people. Bischoff s challenge is to include people, and more importantly to bring into the greenways the creative ideas and concerns of individuals for whom the greenways are created. Aided by regular and avante-garde artists and cultural historians who can help us to understand the uniqueness and the meanings of greenways. The final three papers which focus on visual values, significant differences should be noted. The visual val-