大学英语上试题带答案2

1. He has been trying hard to hold ___________ his temper.A)up toB)in toC)down toD)on to2. Yesterday I went shopping and found a lot of ___________ in the sale.A)bargesB)bargainsC)barragesD)barracks3. The old machine won’t ___________ properly if you don’t oil it regularly.A)affectB)effectC)functionD)practice4. What is really abnormal sleepiness is now almost the norm.A)uniqueB)regularC)unusualD)odd5. How soon can I be ____as a member of the school football team?A)receivedB)admittedC)allowedD)permitted6. The decay of food can usually be _________ by the sense of smell.A)foundB)receivedC)detectedD)protected7. I’m not particular ____________ my clothes; I don’t mind what I wear.A)inB)withC)aboutD)for8. My husband and I ______________ conflicting opinions on this matter.A)makeB). holdC)keepD)take9. We need to _________ the quality of our goods but not increase the price.A)remainB)retainC)stayD)maintain10. The crowd started to _____________ when the night fell.A)break outB)break inC). break overD)break up11. He ______________ his arms in front of him as if he were praying to God.A)intendedB)extendedC)includedD)excluded12. The party leader is an extreme left-winger, but his deputy is more____ in his views.A)modestB)moderateC)monitorD)modern13. Hardly ___ _ the classroom when the class began.A)he had enteredB)he enteredC)had he enteredD)he was entered14. In learning a foreign language, various forms of practice are good __________.A)disciplinesB)theoriesC)techniquesD)skills15. Reducing unemployment will be the main _____________ for the new government.A)challengeB)struggleC)warD)fighting16. Why are you talking in such a strange _______________?A)meansB)mannerC)matterD)measure17. Some people think a fast car is a _________ of power and strength.A)viewB)symbolC)ideaD)sense18. This is a private dining room where members could _________ groups of friends.A)welcomeB)acceptC)entertainD)receive19. The plan____ in the days before costs became so great.A)had formulatedB)was formedC)was formulatedD). had formed20. Shall I _________ you up at the airport tomorrow morning?A)sendB)pickC)seeD)look21. Experts say that work on the new bridge will cost an ________ five million pounds.A)aboutB)estimatedC)almostD)nearly22. The boy’s ____________ development was very advanced for his age.A)intelligentB)intellectualC)internalD)external23. She _________ (up ) her forehead in disgust.A)lookedB). pushedC)pulledD)wrinkled24. I think that she must be a relation of ____.A)theirsB)themC)theirD)they’s25. The soldiers had to remain at their ___________ all night long.A)jobsB)workC)postsD)status26. Will you meet me we____ were last night?A)thereB)whenC)whereD)then27. Please __________ sure that the house is locked before you leave.A)makeB)takeC)doD)let28. The managing director’s only __________ was how to imp rove the quality of their products.A)concernB)confirmC)concludeD)confess29. The young man managed____ from his parents where he was going.A)concealingB)concealedC)to concealD)having concealed30. The young man managed ____from his parents where he was going.A)concealingB)concealedC)to concealD)having concealed31. Please __________ sure that the house is locked before you leave.A)makeB)takeC)doD)let32. Empty __________ makes the most sound.A)shipB)vesselC)boatD)yacht33. Would you please ________ your visit for a few days, stay a few days longer?A)expandB)lengthenC)stretchD)extend34. This district has changed so much since I was last here that I hardly __________ it now.A). seeB)recognizeC)organizeD)admit35. The prisoner has been deprived ________ many privileges that average citizens enjoy.A)ofB)atC)byD)on36. There was a long ___________ before he answered the telephone.A)stopB)breakC)intervalD)occasion37. In some _________, people have had to wait two weeks for a doctor’s appointment.A)casesB)casesC). momentsD)examples38. There was a long ___________ before he answered the telephone.A)stopB)breakC)intervalD)occasion39. She _________ (up ) her forehead in disgust.A)lookedB)pushedC)pulledD)wrinkled40. The teacher said Tom is ____________ average in his lessons.A). onB)aboveC)overD)upWith America’s Midterm Elections over, and a new Commander-in-Chief about to step ##1## soon, some Americans are a ##2## nervous about the nation’s future. But others feel secure, ##3## that the man they consider the most powerful person in the wo rld isn’t ##4## anywhere. Just who is this behind-the-scenes guy that they think ##5## more power than George W. Bush ever ##6##? He’s Alan Greenspan, a ##7## expert economist who heads the Federal Reserve, commonly ##8## as the Fed. Greenspan is a ##9## New Yorker. His first focus was music: He ##10## New York’s Julliard School and toured the country ##11## a year in the early 1940s, playing in the Henry Jerome swing band. If nothing ##12## , friends believe, this experience of US travel gave him the ability to connect dispassionate economic theories ##13## the individuals they affect. “The most outstanding thing ##14## him is he knows the American economy…,” ##15## friend Herbert Stein, an economist. A swing ##16## economics carried him straight into ##17## Republican politics. He advised Richard Nixon in his 1968 ##18##, and served briefly in the Bureau of the Budget. Seven years later, he returned to government service, replacing Mr. Stein ##19## chair of the Council of Economic Advisers in the final days of the Nixon presidency. He agreed only after being assured that Vice President Ford would ##20## him.1.A)overB)acrossC)inD)down2.A)fewB)smallC)slightD)little3.A)knowingB)knowsC)knewD)known4.A)walkingB)goingC)movingD)coming5.A)haveB)wasC)hadD)having6.A)willB)didC)doesD)does7.A)74-years-oldsB)74-year-oldsC)74-year-oldD)74-years-old8.A)notedB)knownC)calledD)named9.A)nurtureB)nationalC)naturalD)native10.A)attendedB)admittedC)adoptedD)adapted11.A)withB)toC)atD)for12.A)additionalB)extraC)elseD)more13.A)withB)ofC)overD)for14.A)ofB)aboutC)forD)on15.A)talksB)speaksC)saysD)tells16.A)aboveB)overC)intoD)to17.A)modestB)moderateC)modernD)model18.A)cabinetB)debateC)movementD)campaign19.A)toB)forC)asD)at20.A)keepB)retainC)stayD)maintainAmerican society is not nap-friendly. In fact, says David Dinges, a sleep specialist at the University of Pennsylvania S chool of Medicine, “There’s even a prohibition against admitting we need sleep.” Nobody wants to be caught napping or found asleep at the switch. To quote an obscure proverb: “Some sleep five hours, nature requires seven, laziness nine and wickedness eleve n.” Wrong. The way not to fall asleep at the switch is to take naps when you need them. “We have to totally change our attitude toward napping,” says Dr. William Dement of Stanford University, the godfather of sleep research. Last year a national commi ssion led by Dement identified an “American sleep debt,” which one member said was as important as the national debt. The commission was concerned about the dangers of sleepiness: people causing industrial accidents or falling asleep while driving. This may be why we have a new sleep policy in the White House. According to recent reports, President Clinton is trying to take a half-hour snooze every afternoon. About 60% of American adults nap when given the opportunity. We seem to have “a mid-afternoon qui escent phase,” also called “a secondary sleep gate.” Sleeping 15 minutes to two hours in the early afternoon can reduce stress and improve alertness. Clearly, we were born to nap. We Superstars of Snooze don’t nap to replace lost shut-eye or to prepare f or a night shift. Rather, we “snack” on sleep, whenever, wherever and at whatever time we feel like it. Call it somnia. I myself have napped in buses, cars, planes and on boats; on floors, couches and beds; and in libraries, offices and museums.There is an exquisite pleasure in giving oneself over to drowsiness, particularly if you’re supposed to be doing something else. And we should all note, napping is one of the few pleasures left that are not life-threatening. The pathologically alert like to think they get more done than nappers. Wrong again. Winston Churchill slept every afternoon when he was the wartime Prime Minister of England. Napoleon napped on the battlefield. Calvin Coolidge, Lyndon Johnson and John Kennedy all took naps. If there is to be a transformation of American sleep behavior, we nappers, the sleep elite, will have to share our “sleeping skills” with those less fortunate than we are, or the nap-impaired. For starters, here are a few of my favorite naps. At work: Nap freedom, to me, is as great an incentive as money or power. Sleeping at work is superbly satisfying, and in some cases necessary. Truck drivers should pull over at the first sign of drowsiness — as should anyone operating machinery, including a word processor. In class: These naps can be pleasant because of the risk involved. I once succumbed to drowsiness in a high-school French class and was awakened by my teacher singing, “Frere Jackques, Frere Jacques, dormezvous?” William Dement has designated sleeping sections in his courses at Stanford. At a concert: Sleeping (discreetly) at a concert can be among life’s great experiences. One rides the music, wafted this way and that on themes and leitmotifs. Wagner in particular promotes vivid dreams. Best nap of all: Myall-time-favorite way to snooze is in a hammock on a screened-in porch, on a mild summer day and — this is what makes it perfect — a huge, important book on my chest, open and unread. Such napping says much about the principles we live by — and sleep by. There’s the story told about a young playwright who once asked a famous author to view a rehearsal of his new play. The author slept through the whole thing. Afterward the young man complained, saying he really had wanted the author’s opinion. In a pithy summation of the committed napper’s view of life, the author replied, “Sleep is an opinion.”1. It is commonly accepted in American society that too much sleep is ________.A)unreasonableB)criminalC)harmfulD)costly2. The research done by the Commission shows that Americans _______.A)don’t like to take napsB)are terribly worried about their national debtC)sleep less than is good for themD)have caused many industrial and traffic accidents3. The purpose of this article is to ______.A)warn us of the wickedness of nappingB)explain the danger of sleepinessC)discuss the side effects of nappingD)convince the reader of the necessity of napping4. The “American debt” is the result of ______.A)the traditional misconception the Americans have about sleepB)the new sleep policy of Clinton AdministrationC)the rapid development of American industryD)the American’s worry about the danger of sleepiness5. The sentence “Rather, we ‘snack’ on sleep, whenever, wherever and at whatever time we feel like it.” means that it is ______.A)preferable to have a sound sleep before a night shiftB)good practice to eat something light before we go to bedC)essential to make up for lost sleepD)natural to take a nap whenever we feel the need for itThe amount of sleep each person needs depends on many factors, including age. Infants generally require about 16 hours a day, while teenagers need about 9 hours on average. For most adults, 7 to 8 hours a night appears to be the best amount of sleep, although some people may need as few as 5 hours or as many as 10 hours of sleep each day. Women in the first 3 months of pregnancy often need several more hours of sleep than usual. The amount of sleep a person needs also increases if he or she had been deprived of sleep in previous days. Getting too little sleep creates a “sleep debt”, which is much like being overdrawn at a bank. Eventually, your body will demand that the debt be repaid. We don’t seem to adapt to getting less sleep than we need; while we may get used to a sleep-depriving schedule, our judgment, reaction time, and other functions are still impaired. People tend to sleep more lightly and for shorter time spans as they get older, although they generally need about the same amount of sleep as they needed in early adulthood. About half of all people over 65 have frequent sleeping problems, such as insomnia, and deep sleep stages in many elderly people often become very short or stop completely. This change may be a normal part of aging, or it may result from medical problems that are common in elderly people and from the medications and other treatments for those problems. Experts say that if you feel drowsy during the day, even during boring activities, you haven’t had enough sleep. If you routinely fall asleep within 5 minutes of lying down, you probably have severe sleep deprivation, possibly even a sleep disorder. Microsleeps, or very brief episodes of sleep in an otherwise awake person, are another mark of sleep deprivation. In many cases, people are not aware that they are experiencing microsleeps. The widespread practice of “burning the candle at both ends” in western industrialized societies has created so much sleep deprivation that what is really abnormal sleepiness is now almost the norm. Many studies make it clear that sleep deprivation is dangerous. Sleep-deprived people who are tested by using a driving simulatoror by performing a hand-eye coordination task perform as badly as or worse than those who are intoxicated. Sleep deprivation also magnifies alcohol’s effects on the body, so a fatigued person who drinks will become much more impaired than someone who is well rested. Driver fatigue is responsible for an estimated 100,000 motor vehicle accidents and 1,500 deaths each year, according to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Since drowsiness is the brain’s last step before falling asleep, driving while drowsy can — and often does — lead to disaster. Caffeine and other stimulants cannot overcome the effects of severe sleep deprivation. The National Sleep Foundation says that if you have trouble keeping your eyes focused, if you can’t stop yawning, or if you can’t remember driving the last few mil es, you are probably too drowsy to drive safely.6. Which of the following statements about “sleep debt” is true according to the passage?A)If you owe a sleep debt, you have to pay back for it.B)You will get used to the sleep debt quickly and forget it.C)Sleep debt has nothing to do with one’s health.D)If you sleep more time than you need in previous days, then you can sleep less than normal in the following days.7. Which of the following doesn’t belong to the mark of sleep deprivation?A)You always stay up late in the evening and feel sleepy when you begin to work in the next morning.B)You fall asleep very quickly even when you are sitting on a chair.C)You often get awake in the middle night several times.D)You have to take a nap during your work time.8. Which of the following conditions often happens to the old people especially people over 65 years old?A)They need more sleep time than their early adulthood.B)They seldom get awake during the sleep time even though there is great noise.C)They often feel sleepy during the daytime.D)They can not fall asleep in the middle night and easily wake up during the night.9. “Burning the candle at both ends” means .A)“being completely consumed and thus no longer alight”B)“going to bed late and getting up early”C)“reading or working late into the night”D)“becoming completely exhausted through overwork”10. Which of the following belongs to the abnormal sleepiness?A)Drowsiness during the day.B)Deep sleep at night.C)Microsleeps.D). Both A and C.Conventional wisdom says it’s the students who get straight A’s blow the roof of the SAT (Scholastic Aptitude Test) and go to Ivy League colleges. Or maybe it’s the children born into wealthy families with brilliant connections. Neither is typical, says ThomasJ. Stanley, who surveyed 1300 millionaires for his new book, The Millionaire Mind. The average millionaire made B’s and C’s in college, Stanley says. Their average SAT score was 1190—not good enough to get into many top-notch schools. In fact, most millionaires were told they were not intellectually gifted, not smart enough to succeed. “I find no correlation between SAT scores, grade point averages and economic achievement. None.” said Stanley. “Admittedly, there are some very bright people in the data, but not many.” Instead of relying on natural genius, millionaires choose careers that match their abilities, Stanley said. They may not have great analytic intelligence, but they are creative and practical. They focus on a goal, take calculated risks and then work harder than most people. It’s a lesson Stanley has taken to heart. The author, who lives in Atlanta, has gotten rich himself by writi ng about the rich. So he took time off to write what he calls “the home-run book.” The Millionaire Next Door, written with researcher William D. Danko of Albany, N.Y., was published in 1996. It has been on The New York Times Best Sellers list for more than 150 weeks. In The Millionaire Mind, Stanley studied even richer millionaires — the top 1% of households. These people had an average net worth of $9.2 million and earned $749,000 a year. And almost none of them credit their success to being smart. They say the keys to success are being honest and disciplined, getting along with people, having a supportive spouse and working hard. “Somehow they figured out what they were good at,” Stanley said. “They all said, I’ll be the best at this. This is what I really, really love to do.” One of his case studies is Donald Sonner, the 64-year-old head of Southern Bloomer Manufacturing Co. in Bristol, Tenn. Sonner’s only education was a single year of high school, but he was a millionaire by the time he was 24. How? His company takes scrap cloth and makes underwear for prisons and gun-cleaning patches. He got rich by working hard and capitalizing on an idea no one else had, Stanley said.11. Which of the following is NOT true about Thomas J. Stanley?A)He is the writer of The Millionaire Mind.B)He himself became rich by writing about the rich.C)He has found that one’s school grades and his economic achievement are closelyrelated.D)One of his books, The Millionaire Next Door, has been on the list of Best Sellers.12. We can learn from the passage that .A)one who wants to be a millionaire must have high scores in college.B)natural intelligence is not so important a factor on deciding whether or not a person is able to become a millionaire.C)a child born into a rich family is likely to be a millionaire in the future.D)one can become rich by taking scrap cloth and making underwear for prisons.13. What are the keys to success according to the passage?A)honest and hardworking.B)smart and creativeC)intelligent and well-educatedD)self-disciplined and risk-taking14. What kinds of careers do millionaires choose?A)They choose the ones that are well-paid.B)They choose the ones that they’re capable of doing.C)They choose careers according to their natural genius.D)They choose the ones that supply them with room for their individualism.15. In the sentence “It’s a lesson Stanley has taken to heart”, “It” refers to .A)He himself has gotten rich by writing about the rich.B)Millionaires may not have great analytic intelligence.C)Books about millionaires will be very popular with readers.D)What he has found about millionaires in his survey.Britain has laws to make sure that women have the same opportunities as men in education, jobs and training. But it’s still unusual to find women doing dirty or heavy jobs. Nikki Henriques is a car maintenance engineer in London. She used to be a secretary. Barty Phillips, a journalist with The Observer, a Sunday newspaper, asked her why she wanted to work with cars. “My first reason was independence,” she said. “I also wanted to use my hands, and I like learning about how things work. Many people prefer to have a woman repair their cars, too.” Nikki didn’t find it easy to become a car maintenance engineer. She went to a Government Skill Centre — a special sort of college where people can learn a new job —for twenty weeks. “For ten weeks I was the only woman among four hun dred men, and some of them were rude to me, just because of my sex. It was also very tiring—from 8 in the morning to 5 at night, with only 30 minutes for lunch.” Now Nikki works free-lance—that is, she’s self-employed, working for herself and not for a garage or a company. Barty Phillips also spoke to Rose, who works as a general builder in Sheffield, an industrial town in the north of England. Like Nikki, Rose used to be a secretary. “I didn’t enjoy it at all,” she said. “I wanted to do more practical wo rk, and I wanted to be self-employed.” Rose joined a women’s building co-operative, and she learnt her job from other people and from experience. However, many of the women in her group have been specially trained. Most of the jobs they do are improvements to buildings and general repairs. “People often say, ‘Oh, women aren’t strong enough,’ but I don’t think strength is important,” said Rose. “The important thing is to get used to doing a different sort of work.” Rose would like more women to come in to the building industry. “Everything built at the moment is a product of man’s world. If women become builders, they will be able to understand the production of their houses and their towns.”16. There are laws in Britain to help women _____ .A)get higher pay than menB)enjoy more freedom than menC)do whatever they like to doD)have equal chances with men in education and work17. The work of ______ is considered dirty or heavy.A)a newspaper journalistB)a car maintenance engineerC)a company managerD)an office secretary18. The job of a car maintenance engineer is to _________.A)manufacture carsB)sell carsC)keep cars for othersD)repair cars19. The most important reason for Nikki to be a car maintenance engineer is that ______ .A)she wants to be independentB)she has to make her own livingC)she likes to use her handsD)she wants to get the same pay as men20. Rose, who works as a general builder, ______ .A)believes women are as strong as menB)admits women are much weaker than menC)wants more women to become buildersD)thinks women can learn more from practical work。