黄浦区2012届高三英语二模试卷附答案

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【首发】上海市2012届高三二模考试英语汇编完型填空题Word版含答案

2012届上海市高三二模英语试卷——完形填空（崇明）It’s hardly surprising that weather is a favorite topic for so many people around the world. It 50 where we choose to live, what we wear, our moods, and perhaps even our national features. A sunny day can lessen the deepest 51 , while very bad weather can destroy homes and threaten lives.The human race has always tried to 52 the weather, especially in areas of the world where there are many changes. Two popular traditional ways of predicting weather use pine cones(松果) and seaweed(海草). When the air has a high level of humidity(湿度), there is a higher chance of rain. When the humidity is low, there is more chance of 53 weather. Pine cones and seaweed feels dry when the humidity is low, 54 high humidity has the opposite effect.Today’s methods of prediction increasingly depend on 55 . Satellites, balloons, ships, aircraft and weather centers with 56 equipments send data to computers. The data is then 57 , and the weather is predicted. However, 58 this system can not predict weather for longer than about a week.A recent study by an Australian scientist suggests that certain people may have a special 59 for predicting weather. However, it is 60 that these people could use their talent in another way, since the same group had a lot of success in predicting changes in another system—the stock market.It 61 that a study of weather may also enable scientists to predict the sudden 62 of a disease. An Ebola epidemic (a kind of disease) in Uganda in the year 2000 came after the same rare 63 conditions that had been present before a sudden spread of the disease 6 years earlier. Efforts to 64 the spread of air-borne diseases such as foot and mouth are also strongly dependent on favorable wind conditions.50. A. shows B. affects C. predicts D. introduces51. A. enjoyment B. sadness C. excitement D. laziness52. A. guess B. use C. change D. improve53. A. windy B. bad C. fine D. cold54. A. when B. while C. although D. as55. A. industry B. intelligence C. technology D. people56. A. monitoring B. predicting C. shaping D. moving57. A. used B. processed C. taught D. answered58. A. also B. still C. only D. even59. A. gift B. concern C. application D. liking60. A. necessary B. easy C. unique D. possible61. A. happens B. occurs C. appears D. estimates62. A. start B. shift C. cure D. crash63. A. living B. working C. health D. weather64. A. encourage B. quicken C. limit D. shorten50. B 51. B 52. A 53. C 54. B 55. C 56. A 57. B 58. D 59. A 60. D 61. C 62. A 63. D 64. C（奉贤）Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be 50 and damaged? Judging from an experiment in the thirteenth century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if a baby heard no mother 51 , the experimenter told the nurses to keep silent.All the 52 died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life53 , the capacity to survive is seriously affected.Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by the experimenter. 54 , some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is 55 to the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for 56 skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at right time, but the process is slow and hard once the 57 stage has passed.Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a 58 age, but there are cases where speech has started 59 in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple 60 ; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1,000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style 61 grammar.Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the 62 to speak. What is special about man’s brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the comp lex system which enables a child to 63 the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern “toy –bear”. And even more 64 is the young brain’s ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyse, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.50.A. constructed B. starved C. spoiled D. exhausted51.A. sound B. singing C. educating D. tongue52.A. parents B. care-takers C. infants D. investigators53.A. randomly B. originally C. greatly D. especially54.A. Consequently B. Nevertheless C. Theoretically D. Fortunately55.A. unfamiliar B. inaccessible C. insensitive D. unaccustomed56.A. acquiring B. practising C. occupying D. seizing57.A. critical B. temporary C. contemporary D. reasonable58.A. pleasing B. troublesome C. flexible D. constant59.A. last B. late C. early D. lately60.A. commands B. necessities C. resolutions D. directions61.A. or rather B. or else C. other than D. rather than62.A. inspiration B. passion C. creativity D. capacity63.A. justify B. connect C. oblige D. devote64.A. unpredictable B. unbelievable C. uncountable D. unbearable 50—54 BDCDB 55—59 CAADB 60—64 ADDBB(虹口)The past 20 years have produced great advances in technology and communications. 50, people throughout the world have become ever more connected. The 51link between the nations and people of the world is called globalization. It is a 52that has changed ways of life around the world.Perhaps the biggest change in this process is the effect of globalization on commerce. In an effort to build a 53economy, most nations of the world have embraced(拥抱) free trade. Free trade removes certain limits imposed (强加) on global commerce to make it easier for nations to exchange goods with one another. A 54aim of this process is to aid poor nations and thus reduce 55. Globalization has indeed increased trade throughout the world, but experts disagree about its effect on the poor.The debate about recent trends in global commerce is complex. Those 56free trade in the global market point out that competition lowers prices. Its critics argue that, without controls, such a system often harms poor nations. To some extent, both are 57. For example, in Jamaica, a country which imported milk from the United States and the 58milk was cheaper than local milk, more poor people could drink milk and improve their nutrition. At the same time, the cheaper milk put 59dairy farmers out of business. Perhaps this program caused as much harm as 60 .Those who support free trade in the global market do so for a number of reasons. Studies show that when a poor nation begins trading on the global level, it gains certain 61. Its economy grows rapidly. Multinational companies set up factories, 62jobs for people. Supporters claim that these factors reduce poverty and lessen the gap between the richest and poorest nations. They believe that the globalizing trend benefits the poor.Critics of unrestricted free trade question these conclusions. Although they 63that the global market can offer growth and jobs to poor nations, they doubt that it reduces poverty. In fact, they cite(引述) studies which show that poverty has increased as a result of the global market.64, the gap between rich and poor nations is growing.Regardless of which side they are on, most experts believe that globalization has great potential to aid the poor. Both sides need to find a way to make it work.50. A. In conclusion B. In particular C. As a result D. On the contrary51. A. growing B. starting C. moving D. reducing52. A. culture B. trend C. belief D. potential53. A. regional B. national C. practical D. global54. A. steadier B. further C. tougher D. stricter55. A. profit B. conflict C. poverty D. expense56. A. attracting B. altering C. opposing D. supporting57. A. correct B. inevitable C. necessary D. effective58. A. required B. produced C. imported D. exported59. A. economical B. local C. traditional D. social60. A. sacrifice B. satisfaction C. convenience D. good61. A. benefits B. varieties C. opportunities D. budgets62. A. influencing B. arranging C. providing D. applying63. A. ensure B. assume C. argue D. agree64. A. In addition B. First of all C. In that case D. On average50-64: CABDB CDACB DACDA(黄浦、嘉定)When I became an amputee at age 29, I was forced to rethink the idea of physical perfection. My life became different, as I changed from an acceptably attractive woman to an object of pity and __50__.Too busy __51__ physical pain and obvious mobility limitation, I was not aware of this change at first. I was determined to __52__, feeling good about the progress I had made, as I moved forward.__53__, as I made my first excursion outside the hospital, society had already assigned me a new status. Happy to be free of my restriction in the hospital, I rolled through the shopping mall – a __54__ survivor, feeling like a war hero. Unfortunately, I had a rude __55__ as I discovered that others did not view me in the way I had come to view myself.All eyes were upon me, yet no one dared to make eye contact. Their efforts to __56__ my eyes forced me to realize they saw only my missing legs. Mothers __57__ held their children closer as I passed. Elderly women patted me on the head saying, “God Bless You!” with __58__ in their eyes.While I sat thinking about what had happened, a small girl came up to me. She stared with unembarrassed __59__ at the empty pants. Finding nothing there, she looked up at me with a puzzled look, she innocently asked, “Lady, where did your legs go?”I explained that my legs had been sick. Since my legs hadn’t been strong and healthy like hers, the doctors had to __60__ them. Leaning h er head upwards, she asked, “Did they go to ‘Leg Heaven’?”That incident made me think about how __61__ children and adults react to the unknown. To a child, an odd appearance is an interesting curiosity and a __62__ learning experience while adults often view the same thing with fear and horror. I began to realize that, I, too had been __63__ of the same inappropriate reactions before I knew what life was like for an amputee.To fulfill the wholeness of my mind and spirit, I now smile warmly, make eye contact, and speak in a confident manner. By using a __64__ approach, I attempt to enlighten society about the fact that having a not-so-perfect body doesn’t mean having a poor quality of life.50. A. comfort B. fear C. hatred D. sadness51. A. crying with B. figuring out C. holding back D. dealing with52. A. endure B. quit C. revenge D. succeed53. A. Instead B. Moreover C. However D. Therefore54. A. calm B. poor C. proud D. rare55. A. awakening B. ending C. happening D. proceeding56. A. turn B. hold C. catch D. avoid57. A. softly B. protectively C. reluctantly D. pleasantly58. A. pity B. anger C. depression D. upset59. A. curiosity B. determination C. enthusiasm D.satisfaction60. A. lose B. adjust C. remove D. stretch61. A. differently B. positively C. strangely D. sympathetically62. A. painful B. potential C. similar D. common63. A. conscious B. guilty C. ignorant D. short64. A. creative B. flexible C. positive D. scientific50—54 BDDCC 55—59 ADBAA 60—64 CABBC（静安、杨浦、宝山、青浦）During the initial stages of instructed L2 (the second language) acquisition students learn a couple thousand, mainly high frequency words. Functional language proficiency, however, __50__ mastery of a considerably large number of words. It is therefore __51__ at the intermediate and advanced stages of language acquisition to learn a large vocabulary in a short period of time. There is not enough time to __52__ the natural (largely incidental) L1 (the first language) word acquisition process. Incidental acquisition of the words is only possible up to a point, __53__, on account oftheir low frequency, they do not __54__ often enough in the L2 learning material.Acquisition of new words from authentic L2 reading texts by means of strategies such as contextual deduction(演绎) is also not a __55__ for a number of reasons. There appears to be no __56__to intentional learning of a great many new words in a relatively short period of time. The words to be learned may be __57__ in isolation or in context. Presentation in bilingual（双语的）word lists seems an __58__ shortcut because it takes less time than contextual presentation and yields excellent short term results. Long term memory, __59__, is often disappointing so contextual presentation seems advisable.Any suggestions on how to use this in educational contexts should be based on a systematic __60__ of the two most important aspects of the L2 word learning problem, this is to say, selecting the relevant vocabulary (which and how many words) and creating the best conditions for the acquisition process. This article sets out to __61__a computer assisted word acquisition programme (CAVOCA) which tries to do exactly this: the programme operationalises current theoretical thinking about word acquisition, and its __62__ are based on a systematic list of the vocabulary relevant for the target group. To __63__its frequency, the programme was __64__ in a number of experimental settings with a paired associated method of learning new words. The experimental results suggest that an approach combining the two methods is most advisable.50. A. inquires B. requires C. receives D. inspires51. A. difficult B. easy C. possible D. necessary52. A. copy B. focus C. find D. clean53. A. however B. moreover C. because D. nevertheless54. A. disturb B. seem C. occur D. disappear55. A. solution B. approach C. problem D. wonder56. A. official B. annual C. objective D. alternative57. A. predicted B. presented C. postponed D. preferred58. A. available B. outstanding C. attractive D. evident59. A. by means of B. moreover C. in spite of D. however60. A. focus B. analysis C. object D. target61. A. describe B. grasp C. link D. force62. A. conclusions B. appointments C. aspects D. contents63. A. react B. establish C. memorize D. leave64. A. enhanced B. invented C. contrasted D. behaved50—54 BDACC 55—59 ADBCD 60—64 BADBC（闵行）In business, there is a speed difference: It’s the difference between how important a firm’s leaders say speed is to their competitive strategy (策略) and how fast the company actually moves. The difference is important 50 industry and company size. Companies fearful of losing their competitive advantage spend much time and money looking for ways to pick up the 51 .In our study of 343 businesses, the companies that chose to go, go, go to try to gain an edge ended with lower sales and operating income than those that 52 at key moments to makesure they were on the right 53 . What’s more, the firms that “slowed down to54 ”improved their top and bottom lines, averaging 40% higher sales and 52% higher operating income over a three-year period.How did they 55 the laws of business, taking more time than competitors yet performing better? They thought 56 about what “slower” and “faster” mean. Firms sometimes 57 to understand the difference between operation speed (moving quickly) and strategic speed (reducing the time it takes to deliver value). Simply increasing the speed of production, for example, may be one way to try to reduce the speed difference. But that often leads to reduced value over time, in the form of lower-quality products and services.In our study, higher performing companies with strategic speed always made changes when it is 58 . They became more 59 to idea and discussion. They encouraged new ways of thinking. And they allowed time to look and learn. 60 , performance suffered at firms that moved fast all the time, paid too much attention to improving 61 , stuck to tested methods, didn’t develop team spirit among their employees, and had little time thinking about62 .Strategic speed 63 a kind of leadership. Teams that 64 take time to get things right are more successful in meeting their business goals. That kind of strategy must come from the top.50. A. according to B. regardless of C. due to D. instead of51. A. profit B. product C. speed D. method52. A. paused B. developed C. persevered D. engaged53. A. situation B. track C. occasion D. duty54. A. look on B. keep up C. hold back D. speed up55. A. learn B. discover C. disobey D. prefer56. A. strangely B. abstractly C. entirely D. differently57. A. fail B. attempt C. pretend D. desire58. A. convenient B. necessary C. emergent D. incredible59. A. alert B. restless C. open D. specific60. A. In short B. By contrast C. Above all D. All in all61. A. welfare B. technology C. efficiency D. condition62. A. qualities B. standards C. competitors D. changes63. A. serves as B. stands for C. refers to D. deals with64. A. temporarily B. extensively C. naturally D. regularly50. B 51. C 52. A 53. B 54. D 55. C 56. D 57. A 58. B 59. C 60. B 61. C 62. D 63. A 64. D(浦东)We must face the fact that there are many aspects of the information age. All information makes us anxious. Over some of these, we have little or no control. On the other hand, there are steps we can take to eliminate much of 50 . We might say, then, that survival in the information age is a challenging yet 51 task.To some extent, we are all receivers and givers of information. Our brain, however, receives and processes information in different ways. One way involves the amazing capacity of the brain to process information subconsciously.Another way involves 52 processing of information such as during conversation. Wehave a great deal of control over this type of information processing --- both as givers and receivers. If we indulge (任凭) ourselves talking about tiny things or even harmful information, valuable time and 53 can be wasted. Meanwhile this can make us and others anxious. You may lose opportunities to absorb and distribute information that is truly useful for 54 in this troubled world.Information gathered by reading is processed consciously and 55 takes longest. The written word is still the most powerful way of 56 imagination and conveying information, ideas, and concept.How can we 57 so much information from various sources, such as reading material, TV program, computer games, and other 58 activities? The answer is screening. Screening, sorting out or prioritizing what we need to hear, see, say or read may 59 much information anxiety.To cut through confusing information, 60 this basic rule: Keep it simple! The secret to processing information is narrowing your 61 of information. Simplicity is 62 in many Asian cultures and is even recognized in Western cultures as a superior way of living. Writer Duane Elgin 63 , “To live more simply is to live more purposefully and with a64 of needless distractio n.”50. A. anxiety B. trouble C. interest D. curiosity51. A. donating B. accomplishing C. rewarding D. searching52. A. sensitive B. conscious C. unconscious D. reasonable53. A. health B. wealth C. power D. energy54. A. expanding B. surviving C. stretching D. bearing55. A. hence B. however C. still D. yet56. A. cooperating B. finding C. stimulating D. removing57. A. think of B. deal with C. do with D. rule over58. A. considerate B. professional C. humorous D. recreational59. A. get rid of B. bring about C. break into D. come to60. A. catch B. apply C. abandon D. offer61. A. rank B. limit C. field D. lane62. A. received B. supplied C. labeled D. recommended63. A. opposed B. stated C. declined D. offered64. A. minimum B. maximum C. quantity D. presence50--64. ACBDB ACBDA BCDBA（普陀）One student skipped class and then sent the professor an e-mail（50）______for copies of her teaching notes.Another（51）______that she was late for a Monday class because she was recovering from drinking too much at a wild weekend party.At colleges and universities in the US, e-mail has made professors more approachable(平易近人).But many say it has made them too accessible,（52）______boundaries that traditionally kept students at a healthy distance.These days, professors say, students seem to view them as available（53）______the clock, sending a steady stream of informal e-mails.“The tone that they take in e-mails is pretty astounding(令人吃惊的),”said Michael Kessler, an assistant dean at Georgetown University.“They’ll（54）______you to help:‘I need to know this.’”“There’s a fine（55）______between meeting their needs and at the same time maintaining a level of legitimacy(正统性)as an （56）______who is in charge.”Christopher Dede, a professor at the Harvard Graduate School of Education, said（57）______show that students no longer defer to(听从)their professors, perhaps because they realize that professors’（58）______could rapidly become outdated.“The deference (听从)was driven by the （59）______that professors were all-knowing sources of deep knowledge,”Dede said, and that notion has（60）______.For junior faculty members(全体教师),e-mails bring new tension into their work, some say, as they struggle with how to（61）______.Their job prospects, they realize, may rest in part on(依赖) student evaluations of their accessibility.College students say e-mail makes（62）______easier to ask questions and helps them learn. But they seem unaware that what they write in e-mails could have negative effects（63）______them, said Alexandra Lahav, and associate professor of Law at the University of Connecticut. She recalled an e-mail message from a student saying that he planned to miss class so he could play with his son. Professor Lahav did not respond.“Such e-mails can have consequences,”she said. “Students don’t understand that （64）______they say in e-mail can make them seem unprofessional, and could result in a bad recommendation.”50. A. providing B. offering C. supplying D. asking51. A. complained B. argued C. explained D. believed52. A. removing B. moving C. putting D. placing53. A. about B. around C. at D. from54. A. control B. shout C. order D. make55. A. requirement B. contradiction C. tension D. balance56. A. teacher B. instructor C. lecturer D. professor57. A. e-mails B. passages C. texts D. books58. A. technology B. expertise C. science D. imagination59. A. tradition B. sense C. notion D. meaning60. A. strengthened B. weakened C. reinforced D. consolidated61. A. ask B. question C. respond D. request62. A. him B. her C. you D. it63. A. on B. against C. in D. about64. A. this B. which C. that D. what50---64 DCABC DBABC BCDA D（徐汇、金山）Today, there are many avenues open to those who wish to continue their education. However, nearly all require some __(50)__ in one’s career in order to attend school full time. Part-time education, that is, attending school at night or for one weekend a month, tends to drag the __(51)__out over time and puts the completion of a degree program out of reach of many people. __(52)__, such programs require a fixed time commitment which can also impact __(53)__ on one’s career and family time.Of the many __(54)__ to teaching and learning, however, perhaps the most flexible and accommodating is that called distance learning. Distance learning is an educational method, which allows the students the __(55)__ to study at his or her own pace to achieve the __(56)__ goals, which are so necessary in today’s world. The time required to study may be set aside at the student’s convenience with due __(57)__ to all life’s other requirements. Besides, the student may __(58)__ in distance learning courses from virtually any place in the world, while continuing to pursue their chosen career. Tutorial assistance may be __(59)__through regular airmail, telephone, fax machine, teleconferencing and over the Internet.Good distance learning programs are characterized by the inclusion of a subject __(60)__ tool with every subject. This precludes（排除）the requirement for a student to travel away from home to take a test. Another characteristic of a good distance-learning program is the __(61)__ of the distance-learning course with the same subject materials as those students taking the course on the home campus. The resultant diploma or degree should also be the same whether distance learning or on-campus study is employed.In the final analysis, a good distance learning program has a place not only for the __(62)__ students but also the corporation or business that wants to work in partnership with their employees for the educational benefit, professional development, and business growth of the organization. __(63)__ distance learning programs for their employees gives the business the advantage of retaining（保留）career-minded people while __(64)__to their personal and professional growth through education.50. A. experience B. break C. interest D. change51. A. process B. progress C. property D. possibility52. A. Surprisingly B. Additionally C. Fortunately D. Traditionally53. A. appropriately B. reasonably C. negatively D. favorably54. A. complaints B. attitudes C. difficulties D. approaches55. A. individuality B. responsibility C. flexibility D. visibility56. A. professional B. academic C. relevant D. separate57. A. desire B. ability C. regard D. account58. A. enroll B. evolve C. enclose D. emerge59. A. adequate B. vacant C. available D. reliable60. A. registration B. participation C. investigation D. evaluation61. A. demonstration B. equivalence C. combination D. qualification62. A. distinguished B. outstanding C. independent D. individual63. A. Sponsoring B. Requiring C. Indicating D. Protesting64. A. objecting B. responding C. contributing D. addingSection A 50-54 BABCD 55-59 CBCAC 60-64 DBDAC（杨浦1.5）The Human Development Report, published annually since 1990, seeks to 50 "human development" around the world and calculates a "Human Development Index" (HDI人类发展指数) for 169 countries. The HDI is 51 on average income, life expectancy, and level of education.52 , rich countries tend to have higher HDIs than poor countries, but there are interesting 53 in human development among countries with similar levels of economic development, becausesome have better health and education systems than others!Almost every country in the world has a higher HDI than in 1990, despite the fact that since the 2008 financial crisis the total number of people living in extreme 54 has increased. The report Concludes that most people are healthier, live longer, are more 55 , — and that even in countries with severe economic problems, people's health and education have generally 56 . Although sub-Saharan African countries are at the bottom of the pile 57 human development, some of them have made significant progress since 1990. The report is 58 , however, of the fact that economic inequality has increased significantly in the last twenty years, both within and between countries.The greatest threat to HDI in the future, according to the report, is climate change. The way to increase average income in a country is through economic growth, which means increased production and 59 . However, if this 60 to greater emissions (排放) of greenhouse gases, as has always been the case in the past, global warming will probably go faster, causing severe environmental problems in some parts of the world that will 61 the livelihoods of huge numbers of people. The progress of the last twenty years, 62 , might not be sustainable (可持续的).The only solution, according to the report, is to break the 63 between economic growth and greenhouse gas emissions — which, 64 to say, is easier said than done.50. A. judge B. investigate C. assess D. justify51. A. based B. focused C. keen D. reflected52. A. Unexpectedly B. Unwillingly C. Unfortunately D. Unsurprisingly53. A. variations B. experiments C. signs D. mixtures54. A. cruelty B. poverty C. emotion D. terror55. A. talented B. disadvantaged C. determined D. educated56. A. infected B. ignored C. improved D. impressed57. A. to the extent of B. on account of C. for the sake of D. in terms of58. A. critical B. proud C. fond D. independent59. A. administration B. consumption C. application D. concentration60. A. objects B. sticks C. leads D. turns61. A. threaten B. maintain C. concern D. guarantee62. A. therefore B. however C. otherwise D. nevertheless63. A. gap B. record C. law D. link64. A. fearless B. needless C. careless D. hopelessCloze50-64 CADAB DCDAB CAADB（闸北）Each stage of life has different major demands mainly because our needs change. As children, a period of deep uncertainty and sensitivity, 50 and family are the top needs although we may not think of them in those terms. As teenagers, we are 51 the waters of adult life, preparing ourselves for the exciting unknown and as young adults we search for a 52 . The drive to fulfil each stage is so strong that sometimes we have to hold the breath to 53 .At each stage, although everyone may 54 in dreams, we will all try to take hold of the means to achieve our particular dreams. Some will be driven with almost tunnel vision, others take。

上海市四区2012届高三下学期第二次模拟考试英语试题(无答案).pdf

17．人们的生活水平不断提高，生活方式不断变化的根本原因是科学技术的迅猛发展。( )
解析：
18．亲近社会、服务社会，首先必须乐于为社会、他人奉献爱心和力量。
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解析：
三、简答题(9分)
27．材料：范阳是一个很要强的女孩，初中时成绩一直名列前茅，但上了高中之后成绩在班里却一直处于中游水平，觉得很没面子，高一没读完就辍学待在家里。到了21岁的时候，在家人的劝说下，她进了一家企业开始托工。因与警同事们关系不好，没多久就辞职了。因为精神压力过大，在一个月时间里，她竞三次割腕自杀。 (1)材料一中范阳进入高中后成绩有所下降，就觉得没面子，产生了强烈的挫折感，请你分析她产生挫折感的原因。(2分) 参考答案： ①客观原因：独生子女在成长过程中，由于家长过分溺爱，忽视了培养孩子的抗挫折能力，导致他们缺乏心理预防。 ②主观原因：范阳对自己的学习有自己的打算，希望能一直名列前茅，但由于其身心发展的特点和社会阅历方面的限制，使得她对人生、对自我缺乏清醒的认识和评价，从而产生挫折感。解析： (2)对于范阳高一没读完就放弃学习，辍学在家的做法，你赞同吗?说说你的理由。(3分) 参考答案：不赞同。因为学生的主要任务就是学习。学习是人类的基本活动，是人们生活的重要内容。学习能使自己得到发展；读书学习是对社会、对自己的一种责任，是一种必须履行的义务；现代社会，学习已经成为生存的一种方式，是一种生命的过程，我们要不断学习、终身学习，提高自身素质。解析： (3)学习和生活中难免会遇到这样或那样的挫折和困难，我们应该如何正确面对?(4分) 参考答案：我们要以乐观的态度对待学习和生活中的困难，并以正确的方法克服困难，战胜挫折。具体做法有：①冷静对待。 ②自我疏导。③请求帮助。④心理换位。⑤精神升华。⑥勇于创新。(答出其中四点即可) 解析：教后札记初中学习网，资料共分享！我们负责传递知识！

2012届上海高三英语二模试卷 - 完形填空

2012年高考模拟考试试卷崇明县Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.It’s hardly surprising that weather is a favorite t opic for so many people around the world. It50 where we choose to live, what we wear, our moods, and perhaps even our national features.A sunny day can lessen the deepest 51 , while very bad weather can destroy homes and threaten lives.The human race has always tried to 52 the weather, especially in areas of the world where there are many changes. Two popular traditional ways of predicting weather use pine cones(松果) and seaweed(海草). When the air has a high level of humidity(湿度), there is a higher chance of rain. When the humidity is low, there is more chance of 53 weather. Pine cones and seaweed feels dry when the humidity is low, 54 high humidity has the opposite effect.Today’s methods of prediction increasingly depend on 55 . Satellites, balloons, ships, aircraft and weather centers with 56 equipments send data to computers. The data is then 57 , and the weather is predicted. However, 58 this system can not predict weather for longer than about a week.A recent study by an Australian scientist suggests that certain people may have a special59 for predicting weather. However, it is 60 that these people could use their talent in another way, since the same group had a lot of success in predicting changes in another system—the stock market.It 61 that a study of weather may also enable scientists to predict the sudden 62 of a disease. An Ebola epidemic (a kind of disease) in Uganda in the year 2000 came after the same rare 63 conditions that had been present before a sudden spread of the disease 6 years earlier. Efforts to 64 the spread of air-borne diseases such as foot and mouth are also strongly dependent on favorable wind conditions.50. A. shows B. affects C. predicts D. introduces51. A. enjoyment B. sadness C. excitement D. laziness52. A. guess B. use C. change D. improve53. A. windy B. bad C. fine D. cold54. A. when B. while C. although D. as55. A. industry B. intelligence C. technology D. people56. A. monitoring B. predicting C. shaping D. moving57. A. used B. processed C. taught D. answered58. A. also B. still C. only D. even59. A. gift B. concern C. application D. liking60. A. necessary B. easy C. unique D. possible61. A. happens B. occurs C. appears D. estimates62. A. start B. shift C. cure D. crash63. A. living B. working C. health D. weather64. A. encourage B. quicken C. limit D. shorten长宁区Drones are technically known as unmanned aerial vehicles, or UA Vs. These aircrafts, however, are not just used for air strikes, and they are not just used by governments. Human rights activists, environmental groups and journalists are ___50___ using drones in their work.Drones can fly in the sky to ___51___ images that reporters may not be able to get close to on the ground.Matt Waite is a journalism professor at the University of Nebraska, Lincoln. Students in his Drone Journalism Lab are ___52___ different uses for drones in news reporting.Matt Waite says, “Drone journalism as an idea is less than a year old at this point. The first____53___ I saw was a labor protest in Poland where a man had a remote-controlled helicopter and he put a camera on it, flew it up and got just a ___54___ of the protests from the air.And you could see police moving into position to ___55___ the protest route. A video on You Tube shows images captured by the so-called RoboKopter. A group of citizen journalists in Moscow used a ___56___ drone camera to record protests during Russian Parliamentary elections.Professor Waite noted a recent environmental case in the United States captured by someone flying his remote-controlled airplane. He said that the man ___57___ a meat packing plant that was polluting a nearby creek that ran into a nearby river. He had images of a ___58___ of blood flowing out of this meat packing plant, which was against the law. And environmental regulatory authorities were ___59___ to it.Andrew Sniderman is a co-founder of the Genocide Intervention Network. He wrote recently in the New York Times that drones could be used to collect important information in ___60___ areas, like Syria.Professor Waite also imagines many other uses for drones. He thought of every hurricane, tornado, fire and every kind of mass ___61___ that he ever covered as a journalist and thought that would be ___62___ to have it as a tool."Drone use in the United States is now rare ___63___ federal restrictions on airspace. However, Congress just passed a bill ___64___ to ease those restrictions by 2015.50. A. increasingly B. carefully C. extraordinarily D. hopefully51. A. preserve B. prohibit C. abandon D. capture52. A. making B. exploring C. imagining D. applying53. A. incident B. advantage C. instance D. journalist54. A. point B. view C. look D. solution55. A. block B. develop C. demand D. avoid56. A. familiar B. popular C. similar D. former57. A. built B. spotted C. protested D. managed58. A. drop B. sign C. stream D. collection59. A. warned B. banned C. proved D. alerted60. A. controlled B. remote C. polluted D. conflict61. A. disaster B. event C. disease D. argument62. A. terrible B. amazing C. ridiculous D. interested63. A. in case of B. for the sake of C. because of D. in spite of64. A. paid B. discussed C. assigned D. designed闸北区Each stage of life has different major demands mainly because our needs change. As children, a period of deep uncertainty and sensitivity, 50 and family are the top needs although we may not think of them in those terms. As teenagers, we are 51 the waters of adult life, preparing ourselves for the exciting unknown and as young adults we search for a52 . The drive to fulfil each stage is so strong that sometimes we have to hold the breath to53 .At each stage, although everyone may 54 in dreams, we will all try to take hold of the means to achieve our particular dreams. Some will be driven with almost tunnel vision, others take a(n) 55 attitude to getting there. Anyway, without dreams it is hard to direct life. If you are fortunate enough to achieve your current dreams, you can move forward for 56desires and prepare yourself for a new conquest.For each period of life the needs are decided by that stage, and as we grow older, whether we like it or not, we gain 57 , which, on the basis of former facts and information, permits us to see a broader view if we are wise enough to take on board what is there. As we mature, the sharpness of the 58 of youth, the black and white approach to life, will be tempered by what is possible, kind, just and fair. Ageing helps us to grow if we allow it. So often we 59 that process, holding on tightly to rooted beliefs which do not do us any favour, yet our needs change and in result we will 60 be different.Physically, even when we stay fit and able, the body cannot deliver in quite the same way as youth. This comes as a(n) 61 to most of us who start life in the belief that we are unbeatable and will live forever. Again, Coming to terms with this fact helps us to 62 anxiety, and finally realize the unexpected benefits which come along with 63 face and slowed body. What was important when we were young can be seen now in a new light, and a different list of importance emerges. In the end, extreme age can be as demanding and sensitive as babyhood, so while one's need changes through life, it seems to come 64 .50. A. finance B. security C. marriage D. education51. A. testing B. sharing C. changing D. setting52. A. financial advisor B. childhood companionC. life partnerD. household keeper53. A. take action B. calm down C. look forward D. pay attention54. A. believe B. persevere C. vary D. persist55. A. easy B. random C. formal D. similar56. A. noble B. fresh C. reasonable D. superior57. A. experience B. responsibility C. respect D. agreement58. A. individualism B. materialism C. idealism D. socialism59. A. resist B. enjoy C. evolve D. strengthen60. A. unexpectedly B. terribly C. comparatively D. necessarily61. A. inquiry B. instinct C. refusal D. shock62. A. worsen B. manage C. judge D. feel63. A. wrinkled B. depressed C. impressive D. serious64. A. with high requirements B. in full circleC. without difficultyD. on a large scale杨浦区Almost every country in the world has a higher HDI than in 1990, despite the fact that since the 2008 financial crisis the total number of people living in extreme 54 has increased. The report Concludes that most people are healthier, live longer, are more 55 , — and that even in countries with severe economic problems, people's health and education have generally56 . Although sub-Saharan African countries are at the bottom of the pile 57 human development, some of them have made significant progress since 1990. The report is 58 , however, of the fact that economic inequality has increased significantly in the last twenty years, both within and between countries.The greatest threat to HDI in the future, according to the report, is climate change. The way to increase average income in a country is through economic growth, which means increasedproduction and 59 . However, if this 60 to greater emissions (排放) of greenhouse gases, as has always been the case in the past, global warming will probably go faster, causing severe environmental problems in some parts of the world that will 61 the livelihoods of huge numbers of people. The progress of the last twenty years, 62 , might not be sustainable (可持续的).The only solution, according to the report, is to break the 63 between economic growth and greenhouse gas emissions — which, 64 to say, is easier said than done.50. A. judge B. investigate C. assess D. justify51. A. based B. focused C. keen D. reflected52. A. Unexpectedly B. Unwillingly C. Unfortunately D. Unsurprisingly53. A. variations B. experiments C. signs D. mixtures54. A. cruelty B. poverty C. emotion D. terror55. A. talented B. disadvantaged C. determined D. educated56. A. infected B. ignored C. improved D. impressed57. A. to the extent of B. on account of C. for the sake of D. in terms of58. A. critical B. proud C. fond D. independent59. A. administration B. consumption C. application D. concentration60. A. objects B. sticks C. leads D. turns61. A. threaten B. maintain C. concern D. guarantee62. A. therefore B. however C. otherwise D. nevertheless63. A. gap B. record C. law D. link64. A. fearless B. needless C. careless D. hopeless徐汇区Today, there are many avenues open to those who wish to continue their education. However, nearly all require some __(50)__ in one’s career in order to attend school full time. Part-time education, that is, attending school at night or for one weekend a month, tends to drag the __(51)__out over time and puts the completion of a degree program out of reach of many people. __(52)__, such programs require a fixed time commitment which can also impact __(53)__ on one’s career and family time.Of the many __(54)__ to teaching and learning, however, perhaps the most flexible and accommodating is that called distance learning. Distance learning is an educational method, which allows the students the __(55)__ to study at his or her own pace to achieve the __(56)__ goals, which are so necessary in today’s world. The time required to study may be set aside at the student’s convenience with due __(57)__ to all life’s other requirements. Besides, the student may __(58)__ in distance learning courses from virtually any place in the world, while continuing to pursue their chosen career. Tutorial assistance may be __(59)__through regular airmail, telephone, fax machine, teleconferencing and over the Internet.Good distance learning programs are characterized by the inclusion of a subject __(60)__ tool with every subject. This precludes（排除）the requirement for a student to travel away from home to take a test. Another characteristic of a good distance-learning program is the __(61)__ of the distance-learning course with the same subject materials as those students taking the course on the home campus. The resultant diploma or degree should also be the same whether distancelearning or on-campus study is employed.In the final analysis, a good distance learning program has a place not only for the __(62)__ students but also the corporation or business that wants to work in partnership with their employees for the educational benefit, professional development, and business growth of the organization. __(63)__ distance learning programs for their employees gives the business the advantage of retaining（保留）career-minded people while __(64)__to their personal and professional growth through education.50. A. experience B. break C. interest D. change51. A. process B. progress C. property D. possibility52. A. Surprisingly B. Additionally C. Fortunately D. Traditionally53. A. appropriately B. reasonably C. negatively D. favorably54. A. complaints B. attitudes C. difficulties D. approaches55. A. individuality B. responsibility C. flexibility D. visibility56. A. professional B. academic C. relevant D. separate57. A. desire B. ability C. regard D. account58. A. enroll B. evolve C. enclose D. emerge59. A. adequate B. vacant C. available D. reliable60. A. registration B. participation C. investigation D. evaluation61. A. demonstration B. equivalence C. combination D. qualification62. A. distinguished B. outstanding C. independent D. individual63. A. Sponsoring B. Requiring C. Indicating D. Protesting64. A. objecting B. responding C. contributing D. adding普陀区One student skipped class and then sent the professor an e-mail（50）______for copies of her teaching notes.Another（51）______that she was late for a Monday class because she was recovering from drinking too much at a wild weekend party.At colleges and universities in the US, e-mail has made professors more approachable(平易近人).But many say it has made them too accessible,（52）______boundaries that traditionally kept students at a healthy distance.These days, professors say, students seem to view them as available（53）______the clock, sending a steady stream of informal e-mails.“The tone that they take in e-mails is pretty astounding(令人吃惊的),”said Michael Kessler, an assistant dean at Georgetown University.“They’ll（54）______you to help:‘I need to know this.’”“There’s a fine（55）______between meeting their needs and at the same time maintaining a level of legitimacy(正统性)as an （56）______who is in charge.”Christopher Dede, a professor at the Harvard Graduate School of Education, said（57）______show that students no longer defer to(听从)their professors, perhaps because they realize that professors’（58）______could rapidly become outdated.“The deference (听从)was driven by the （59）______that professors were all-knowing sources of deep knowledge,”Dede said, and that notion has（60）______.For junior faculty members(全体教师),e-mails bring new tension into their work, some say, as they struggle with how to（61）______.Their job prospects, they realize, may rest in part on(依赖) student evaluations of their accessibility.College students say e-mail makes（62）______easier to ask questions and helps them learn. But they seem unaware that what they write in e-mails could have negative effects（63）______them, said Alexandra Lahav, and associate professor of Law at the University of Connecticut. She recalled an e-mail message from a student saying that he planned to miss class so he could play with his son. Professor Lahav did not respond.“Such e-mails can have consequences,” she said. “Students don’t understand that （64）______they say in e-mail can make them seem unprofessional, and could result in a bad recommendation.”50. A. providing B. offering C. supplying D. asking51. A. complained B. argued C. explained D. believed52. A. removing B. moving C. putting D. placing53. A. about B. around C. at D. from54. A. control B. shout C. order D. make55. A. requirement B. contradiction C. tension D. balance56. A. teacher B. instructor C. lecturer D. professor57. A. e-mails B. passages C. texts D. books58. A. technology B. expertise(专门知识) C. science D. imagination59. A. tradition B. sense C. notion (观念) D. meaning60. A. strengthened B. weakened C. reinforced D. consolidated61. A. ask B. question C. respond D. request62. A. him B. her C. you D. it63. A. on B. against C. in D. about64. A. this B. which C. that D. what浦东新区We must face the fact that there are many aspects of the information age. All information makes us anxious. Over some of these, we have little or no control. On the other hand, there are steps we can take to eliminate much of 50 . We might say, then, that survival in the information age is a challenging yet 51 task.To some extent, we are all receivers and givers of information. Our brain, however, receives and processes information in different ways. One way involves the amazing capacity of the brain to process information subconsciously.Another way involves 52 processing of information such as during conversation. We have a great deal of control over this type of information processing --- both as givers and receivers. If we indulge (任凭) ourselves talking about tiny things or even harmful information, valuable time and 53 can be wasted. Meanwhile this can make us and others anxious. You may lose opportunities to absorb and distribute information that is truly useful for 54 in this troubled world.Information gathered by reading is processed consciously and 55 takes longest. The written word is still the most powerful way of 56 imagination and conveying information, ideas, and concept.How can we 57 so much information from various sources, such as reading material, TV program, computer games, and other 58 activities? The answer is screening. Screening, sorting out or prioritizing what we need to hear, see, say or read may 59 much information anxiety.To cut through confusing information, 60 this basic rule: Keep it simple! The secret to processing information is narrowing your 61 of information. Simplicity is 62 in many Asian cultures and is even recognized in Western cultures as a superior way of living. Writer Duane Elgin 63 , “To live more simply is to live more purposefully and with a64 of needless distraction.”50. A. anxiety B. troubleC. interest D. curiosity51. A. donating B. accomplishing C. rewarding D. searching52. A. sensitive B. conscious C. unconscious D. reasonable53. A. health B. wealth C. power D. energy54. A. expanding B. surviving C. stretching D. bearing55. A. hence B. however C. still D. yet56. A. cooperating B. finding C. stimulating D. removing57. A. think of B. deal with C. do with D. rule over58. A. considerate B. professional C. humorous D. recreational59. A. get rid of B. bring about C. break into D. come to60. A. catch B. apply C. abandon D. offer61. A. rank B. limit C. field D. lane62. A. received B. supplied C. labeled D. recommended63. A. opposed B. stated C. declined D. offered64. A. minimum B. maximum C. quantity D. presence闵行区In business, there is a speed difference: It’s the difference between how important a firm’s leaders say speed is to their competitive strategy (策略) and how fast the company actually moves. The difference is important 50 industry and company size. Companies fearful of losing their competitive advantage spend much time and money looking for ways to pick up the 51 .In our study of 343 businesses, the companies that chose to go, go, go to try to gain an edge ended with lower sales and operating income than those that 52 at key moments to make sure they were on the right 53 . What’s more, the firms that “slowed down to54 ”improved their top and bottom lines, averaging 40% higher sales and 52% higher operating income over a three-year period.How did they 55 the laws of business, taking more time than competitors yet performing better? They thought 56 about what “slower” and “faster” mean. Firms sometimes 57 to understand the difference between operation speed (moving quickly) and strategic speed (reducing the time it takes to deliver value). Simply increasing the speed of production, for example, may be one way to try to reduce the speed difference. But that often leads to reduced value over time, in the form of lower-quality products and services.In our study, higher performing companies with strategic speed always made changes whenit is 58 . They became more 59 to idea and discussion. They encouraged new ways of thinking. And they allowed time to look and learn. 60 , performance suffered at firms that moved fast all the time, paid too much attention to improving 61 , stuck to tested methods, didn’t develop team spirit among their employees, and had little time thinking about62 .Strategic speed 63 a kind of leadership. Teams that 64 take time to get things right are more successful in meeting their business goals. That kind of strategy must come from the top.50. A. according to B. regardless of C. due to D. instead of51. A. profit B. product C. speed D. method52. A. paused B. developed C. persevered D. engaged53. A. situation B. track C. occasion D. duty54. A. look on B. keep up C. hold back D. speed up55. A. learn B. discover C. disobey D. prefer56. A. strangely B. abstractly C. entirely D. differently57. A. fail B. attempt C. pretend D. desire58. A. convenient B. necessary C. emergent D. incredible59. A. alert B. restless C. open D. specific60. A. In short B. By contrast C. Above all D. All in all61. A. welfare B. technology C. efficiency D. condition62. A. qualities B. standards C. competitors D. changes63. A. serves as B. stands for C. refers to D. deals with64. A. temporarily B. extensively C. naturally D. regularly静安(杨浦,宝山,青浦)During the initial stages of instructed L2 (the second language) acquisition students learn a couple thousand, mainly high frequency words. Functional language proficiency, however, __50__ mastery of a considerably large number of words. It is therefore __51__ at the intermediate and advanced stages of language acquisition to learn a large vocabulary in a short period of time. There is not enough time to __52__ the natural (largely incidental) L1 (the first language) word acquisition process. Incidental acquisition of the words is only possible up to a point, __53__, on account of their low frequency, they do not __54__ often enough in the L2 learning material.Acquisition of new words from authentic L2 reading texts by means of strategies such as contextual deduction(演绎) is also not a __55__ for a number of reasons. There appears to be no __56__to intentional learning of a great many new words in a relatively short period of time. The words to be learned may be __57__ in isolation or in context. Presentation in bilingual（双语的）word lists seems an __58__ shortcut because it takes less time than contextual presentation and yields excellent short term results. Long term memory, __59__, is often disappointing so contextual presentation seems advisable.Any suggestions on how to use this in educational contexts should be based on a systematic __60__ of the two most important aspects of the L2 word learning problem, this is to say, selecting the relevant vocabulary (which and how many words) and creating the best conditionsfor the acquisition process. This article sets out to __61__a computer assisted word acquisition programme (CA VOCA) which tries to do exactly this: the programme operationalises current theoretical thinking about word acquisition, and its __62__ are based on a systematic list of the vocabulary relevant for the target group. To __63__its frequency, the programme was __64__ in a number of experimental settings with a paired associated method of learning new words. The experimental results suggest that an approach combining the two methods is most advisable.50. A. inquires B. requires C. receives D. inspires51. A. difficult B. easy C. possible D. necessary52. A. copy B. focus C. find D. clean53. A. however B. moreover C. because D. nevertheless54. A. disturb B. seem C. occur D. disappear55. A. solution B. approach C. problem D. wonder56. A. official B. annual C. objective D. alternative57. A. predicted B. presented C. postponed D. preferred58. A. available B. outstanding C. attractive D. evident59. A. by means of B. moreover C. in spite of D. however60. A. focus B. analysis C. object D. target61. A. describe B. grasp C. link D. force62. A. conclusions B. appointments C. aspects D. contents63. A. react B. establish C. memorize D. leave64. A. enhanced B. invented C. contrasted D. behaved黄埔(嘉定)When I became an amputee at age 29, I was forced to rethink the idea of physical perfection. My life became different, as I changed from an acceptably attractive woman to an object of pity and __50__.Too busy __51__ physical pain and obvious mobility limitation, I was not aware of this change at first. I was determined to __52__, feeling good about the progress I had made, as I moved forward.__53__, as I made my first excursion outside the hospital, society had already assigned me a new status. Happy to be free of my restriction in the hospital, I rolled through the shopping mall –a __54__ survivor, feeling like a war hero. Unfortunately, I had a rude __55__ as I discovered that others did not view me in the way I had come to view myself.All eyes were upon me, yet no one dared to make eye contact. Their efforts to __56__ my eyes forced me to realize they saw only my missing legs. Mothers __57__ held their children closer as I passed. Elderly women patted me on the head saying, “God Bless You!” with __58__ in their eyes.While I sat thinking about what had happened, a small girl came up to me. She stared with unembarrassed __59__ at the empty pants. Finding nothing there, she looked up at me with a puzzled look, she innocently asked, “Lady, where did your legs go?”I explained that my legs had been sick. Since my legs hadn’t been strong and healthy like hers, the doctors had to __60__ them. Leaning her head upwards, she asked, “Did they go to ‘Leg Heaven’?”That incident made me think about how __61__ children and adults react to the unknown. To a child, an odd appearance is an interesting curiosity and a __62__ learning experience while adults often view the same thing with fear and horror. I began to realize that, I, too had been __63__ of the same inappropriate reactions before I knew what life was like for an amputee.To fulfill the wholeness of my mind and spirit, I now smile warmly, make eye contact, and speak in a confident manner. By using a __64__ approach, I attempt to enlighten society about the fact that having a not-so-perfect body doesn’t mean having a poor quality of life.50. A. comfort B. fear C. hatred D. sadness51. A. crying with B. figuring out C. holding back D. dealing with52. A. endure B. quit C. revenge D. succeed53. A. Instead B. Moreover C. However D. Therefore54. A. calm B. poor C. proud D. rare55. A. awakening B. ending C. happening D. proceeding56. A. turn B. hold C. catch D. avoid57. A. softly B. protectively C. reluctantly D. pleasantly58. A. pity B. anger C. depression D. upset59. A. curiosity B. determination C. enthusiasm D. satisfaction60. A. lose B. adjust C. remove D. stretch61. A. differently B. positively C. strangely D. sympathetically62. A. painful B. potential C. similar D. common63. A. conscious B. guilty C. ignorant D. short64. A. creative B. flexible C. positive D. scientific虹口区The past 20 years have produced great advances in technology and communications. 50, people throughout the world have become ever more connected. The 51link between the nations and people of the world is called globalization. It is a 52that has changed ways of life around the world.Perhaps the biggest change in this process is the effect of globalization on commerce. In an effort to build a 53economy, most nations of the world have embraced (拥抱) free trade. Free trade removes certain limits imposed(强加) on global commerce to make it easier for nations to exchange goods with one another. A 54aim of this process is to aid poor nations and thus reduce 55. Globalization has indeed increased trade throughout the world, but experts disagree about its effect on the poor.The debate about recent trends in global commerce is complex. Those 56free trade in the global market point out that competition lowers prices. Its critics argue that, without controls, such a system often harms poor nations. To some extent, both are 57. For example, in Jamaica, a country which imported milk from the United States and the 58milk was cheaper than local milk, more poor people could drink milk and improve their nutrition. At the same time, the cheaper milk put 59dairy farmers out of business. Perhaps this program caused as much harm as 60 .Those who support free trade in the global market do so for a number of reasons. Studies show that when a poor nation begins trading on the global level, it gains certain 61. Its economy grows rapidly. Multinational companies set up factories, 62jobs for people. Supporters claim that these factors reduce poverty and lessen the gap between the richest and poorest nations. They believe that the globalizing trend benefits the poor.Critics of unrestricted free trade question these conclusions. Although they 63that the global market can offer growth and jobs to poor nations, they doubt that it reduces poverty. In fact, they cite (引述) studies which show that poverty has increased as a result of the global。

上海市嘉定、黄浦区2012届高三4月第二次模拟考试英语

上海市嘉定、黄浦区2012届高三4月第二次模拟考试英语试题（完卷时间：120分钟满分：150分）第I卷I．Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers．At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said．The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once．After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard．1．A．At a bakery．B．At a hotel．C．At a post office．D．At a birthday party．2．A．Librarian and student．B．Operator and caller．C．Boss and secretary．D．Customer and repairman．3．A．30 minutes．B．60 minutes．C．90 minutes．D．120 minutes．4．A．A best sailor．B．A latest book．C．A good business． D．An exciting story．5．A．By going on a diet．B．By eating fruit and vegetables．C．By having fewer meals．D．By doing physical exercise．6．A．It was interesting and easy to follow．B．It was far beyond his understanding．C．It was as difficult as he had expected．D．It was long but easy to understand．7．A．The traffic is always very heavy．B．The man needn‘t go to the airport．C．The subway is crowded at rush hours．D．The man had better take the subway．8．A．The woman prefers going out．B．The woman will make the decision．C．The man agrees with the woman．D．The man would rather stay inside．9．A．The man can tell Kelly the news the next day．B．The man shouldn‘t tell Kelly the news at school．C．The man should tell Kelly‘s brother the news．D．The man had better tell Kelly the news by himself．10．A．The match will be put off due to the rain．B．The rain isn‘t likely to influence the man‘s team．C．The result of the match is sure to be affected．D．The rain will help the man‘s team win the match．Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages．The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once．When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard．Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage．11．A．To get better jobs．B．To save more money．C．To move into a larger apartment．D．To receive further education．12．A．It had family-friendly politics．B．It owned a child-care center on site．C．It offered its staff excellent benefits．D．It rewarded employees with apartments．13．A．Satisfied．B．Surprised．C．Confused．D．Interested．Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage．14．A．In 1185．B．In 1209．C．In 1386．D．In 1836．15．A．Because many early learning centers were set up．B．Because Oxford and Cambridge were established．C．Because the largest expansion of universities occurred．D．Because independent universities came into existence．16．A．Definition of universities．B．Development of universities．C．Finance for universities．D．Donations for universities．Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations．The conversations will be read twice．After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard．Write your answers on your answer sheet．Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation．Complete the form．Write ONE WORD for each blank．Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversationII．Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D．Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence．25．The key _____ success is to choose a right goal, plan your path and then get started．A．about B．of C．to D．with26．Ask yourself whether you have a balance between work and play．Too much of one creates a sacrifice or loss with _____．A．another B．the otherC．the others D．others27．Scientists estimate that plants and animals lived _____ 3．5 billion years ago．A．as far as B．as many asC．as long as D．as old as28．Walking alone in the quiet town, Helen thought she _____ have invited John to enjoy the peace together．A．can‘t B．needn‘t C．should D．might29．I stayed up late doing my homework yesterday, so I had trouble _____ up early this morning．A．get B．getting C．got D．to get30．In the past two years, the number of campus bookstores offering rentals _____ from a few dozen to 1,500．A．jumped B．had jumpedC．is jumping D．has jumped31．The long-held belief _____ certain foods increase intelligence has turned out to be a disappointment．A．that B．whether C．which D．why32．Not until the man in black took off his dark glasses _____ that he was the famous film star．A．did I realize B．I realized C．was I realized D．I have realized 33．Consumers are getting more sensible and buy only _____ they need in spite of all the advertisements they see．A．that B．what C．which D．whether34．A lot of new technology _____ into schools to make learning more effective these years．A．introduced B．has introducedC．was introduced D．is being introduced35．Applicants _____ first language is not English are required to achieve a satisfactory standard in University-approved Test in English．A．whose B．in which C．who D．that36．―Have a nice day!‖ is a wonderful expression, _____ us, in effect, to enjoy the moment and to value thisvery day．A．reminds B．to remindC．to be reminding D．reminding37．I‘ve already told you that I‘m going to buy a new iPad, _____．A．how much does it cost B．however much it costsC．no matter how it costs D．however does it cost much38．Facing a beggar, I may feel this poor person needs help, and the need will not be met _____ I put my hand in my pocket now．A．since B．in case C．unless D．while39．Seed plants – plants _____ from seeds – need water, sunlight and mineral to grow vigorously．A．grown B．to growC．to be grown D．having grown40．The Community Representative is a position designed for people with a strong desire to do something rewarding and _____ some money．A．earned B．to earning C．earning D．earnSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box．Each word can only be used once．Note that there is one word more than you need．traveling the world．What makes them special is that they actually did it; what‘s more, they did it on bicycles．At 18, Vicky read the famous Cycling Diary of Hu Rong-hua and was __41__ to take a bike tour of southern China by herself．In 1991, while riding along the island‘s east coast, she met a Japanese __42__, who invited her to join him on a world cycling tour．In July 1998, they began their trip in Alaska．Vicky soon realized, however, that their travel philosophies were quite different．Her partner seemed intent on testing his endurance, while she preferred __43__ the fantastic scenery and meeting the locals．They parted after a month．Vicky cycled alone through the Rocky Mountains down to the western United States．By this time, her __44__ efforts to persuade her college friend, Pinky, to join her had succeeded．Once, in California, Vicky and Pinky were unable to find any cheap __45__, so they camped in a park．They were woken up by __46__ police officers, who told them camping there was illegal．In cities, they would __47__ through colleges and libraries, ―in need of air-conditioning,‖ Pinky joked．Vicky and Pinky praise friends back in China who supported them __48__, as well as people who assisted them along the way．They have fond __49__ of the wonderful friendliness of the people in a Turkish village, where Vicky and Pinky farmed, cooked, and danced with the locals．III．Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, Cand D．Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context．When I became an amputee at age 29, I was forced to rethink the idea of physical perfection．My life became different, as I changed from an acceptably attractive woman to an object of pity and __50__．Too busy __51__ physical pain and obvious mobility limitation, I was not aware of this change at first．I was determined to __52__, feeling good about the progress I had made, as I moved forward．__53__, as I made my first excursion outside the hospital, society had already assigned me a new status．Happy to be free of my restriction in the hospital, I rolled through the shopping mall – a __54__ survivor, feeling like a war hero．Unfortunately, I had a rude __55__ as I discovered that others did not view me in the way I had come to view myself．All eyes were upon me, yet no one dared to make eye contact．Their efforts to __56__ my eyes forced me to realize they saw only my missing legs．Mothers __57__ held their children closer as I passed．Elderly women patted me on the head saying, ―God Bless You!‖ with __58__ in their eyes．While I sat thinking about what had happened, a small girl came up to me．She stared with unembarrassed __59__ at the empty pants．Finding nothing there, she looked up at me with a puzzled look, she innocently asked, ―Lady, where did your legs go?‖I explained that my legs had been sick．Since my legs had n‘t been strong and healthy like hers, the doctors had to __60__ them．Leaning her head upwards, she asked, ―Did they go to ‗Leg Heaven‘?‖That incident made me think about how __61__ children and adults react to the unknown．To a child, an odd appearance is an interesting curiosity and a __62__ learning experience while adults often view the same thing with fear and horror．I began to realize that, I, too had been __63__ of the same inappropriate reactions before I knew what life was like for an amputee．To fulfill the wholeness of my mind and spirit, I now smile warmly, make eye contact, and speak in a confident manner．By using a __64__ approach, I attempt to enlighten society about the fact that having a not-so-perfect body doesn‘t mean having a poor qua lity of life．50．A．comfort B．fear C．hatred D．sadness 51．A．crying with B．figuring out C．holding back D．dealing with 52．A．endure B．quit C．revenge D．succeed 53．A．Instead B．Moreover C．However D．Therefore 54．A．calm B．poor C．proud D．rare 55．A．awakening B．ending C．happening D．proceeding 56．A．turn B．hold C．catch D．avoid 57．A．softly B．protectively C．reluctantly D．pleasantly 58．A．pity B．anger C．depression D．upset 59．A．curiosity B．determination C．enthusiasm D．satisfaction 60．A．lose B．adjust C．remove D．stretch 61．A．differently B．positively C．strangely D．sympathetically 62．A．painful B．potential C．similar D．common 63．A．conscious B．guilty C．ignorant D．short 64．A．creative B．flexible C．positive D．scientificSection BDirections: Read the following three passages．Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements．For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D．Choose the one thatfits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read．（A）United States Olympic hockey coach Herb Brooks knew that he had a pool of good but young hockey players as he watched them play during the tryouts for the 1980 national team．He decided to choose the players who were the most aggressive and played the hardest．Brooks was pleased with his final choices．However, he knew his team would be the underdog if they faced the powerful team of professionals from the Soviet Union（USSR）．During the week before the Olympics began, the U．S．team played the Soviets in an exhibition game and last badly, 10-3．In spite of the defeat, Brooks thought that if his team played up to their potential, they might be able to win a medal．After the 1980 Winter Olympic Games began in Lake Placid, New York, the United States was behind Sweden 2-1 in their first game．With a last-second shot, Bill Baker tied（与……打成平局）the game for the U．S．team．In the second round, the United States defeated Czechoslovakia 7-3．They defeated Norway 5-1 in their next game and then defeated Romania 7-2．A 4-2 win over West Germany followed．With a record of four wins and one tie, the Americans advanced to the medal round．Their opponent was the powerful team from the USSR．The Soviet team had a record of five wins and no losses or ties．The Soviets took a 2-1 lead．Then, in the last second of the first period, the Americans tied the score．With 10 minutes left in the game, the Americans took the lead and held on for a slim 4-3 victory．Many sports fans consider this victory to be one of the greatest upsets in the history of sports．The U．S．team went on to defeat Finland for the gold medal by a score of 4-2．65．What did Brooks think of his players before the 1980 Winter Olympic Games?A．They were too young to be the most aggressive．B．They were powerful enough to be the champion．C．They lacked potential yet they played the hardest．D．They were likely to win a medal if they did their best．66．The word underdog in paragraph 2 probably means __________．A．leader B．loserC．dog-tamer D．spectator67．What was the U．S．hockey team‘s record in the 1980 Winter Olympics?A．Four wins, one tie．B．Five wins, one tie．C．Six wins, one tie．D．Six wins, no losses．68．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A．Bill Baker scored two goals in the game with the Sweden team．B．The Soviet team had the same record as the U．S．in the first round．C．The Soviet team lost the game with the U．S．just at the last minute．D．The U．S．team‘s winning over the Soviets was out of expectation．（B）NEMS NEWRI Environmental Master of ScienceNEWRI: Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute69．If one wants to apply for the NEMS programme, it is essential for him to __________．A．have passed the GRE testB．make contact with Ms SohC．possess a university diplomaD．major in engineering or science70．Students admitted to the NEMS Programme __________．A．will first have regular courses at StanfordB．needn‘t be released from their regular jobsC．are required to obtain a Doctor‘s degreeD．can receive degrees of both NTU and Stanford71．What‘s the main purpose of the NEMS programme?A．To offer scholarship for tuition grants and living expenses．B．To strengthen the cooperation between NTU and Stanford．C．To cultivate experts on environmental science and engineering．D．To introduce Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute．（C）The coast of the State of Maine is one of the most irregular in the world．A straight line running from the southernmost coastal city to the northernmost coastal city would measure about 225 miles．If you followed the coastline between these points, you would travel more than ten times as far．This irregularity is the result of what is called a drowned coastline．The term comes from the glacial（冰川的）activity of the Ice Age．At that time, the whole area that is now Maine was part of a mountain range that towered above the sea．As the glacier descended, however, it applied enormous force on those mountains, and they sank into the sea．As the mountains sank, ocean water charged over the lowest parts of the remaining land．And the highest parts of the former mountain range, nearest the shore, remained as islands．Marine fossils found here are 225 feet above sea level indicating the level of the shoreline prior to the glacier．The 2,500-mile-long rocky and jagged coastline of Maine keeps watch over nearly 2,000 islands．Many of these islands are tiny and uninhabited, but many are home to blooming communities．Mt．Desert Island is one of the largest, most beautiful of the Maine coast islands left behind by the glacier．Measuring 16 miles by 12 miles, Mt．Desert was very nearly formed as two distinct islands．It is split almost in half by Somes Sound, a very deep and very narrow stretch of water seven miles long．For years, Mt．Desert Island, particularly its major settlement, Bar Harbor, has afforded summer homes for the wealthy．Recently, though, Bar Harbor has become a new arts community as well．But the best part of the island is the unspoiled forest land known as Acadia National Park．Since the island sits on the border between two different geographical zones, the park supports the plants and animals of both zones．It also lies in a major bird migration lane and is a resting spot for many birds．The establishment of Acadia National park in 1916 means that this natural monument will be preserved and that it will be available to all people, not just the wealthy．Visitors to Acadia may receive nature instruction from the park naturalists as well as enjoy camping, hiking, cycling, and boating．Or they may choose to spend time at the museum learning about the Stone Age inhabitants of the island．72．The large number of small islands along the coast of Maine is the result of __________．A．the drowning of the Maine coastlineB．glacier‘s forcing mountains into the seaC．the irregularity of the Maine coastlineD．ocean water‘s flooding the mountain range73．From the passage, we learn that __________．A．the coastline of Maine is ten times longer after the Ice AgeB．there are more than 2500 islands along the Maine coastlineC．Mt．Desert Island has been broken apart by a 7-mile-long water stretchD．an arts community gave way to the summer homes on Mt．Desert Island74．What CANNOT be inferred about the Acadia Nation Park?A．It welcomes all the people, rich or poor．B．It has much appeal for bird-watching lovers．C．It offers visitors both entertainment and education．D．It is a border between the two geographical zones．75．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A．The past and the present of Maine B．The formation of Maine coastlineC．Efforts for preserving national parks D．Tourist attractions on Mt．Desert Island Section CDirections: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph．There is one extra heading which you do not need．76It‘s beensaid that ―everybod ylies sometimes．‖ And it‘s true．Everyone does lie from time totime．Men lie; women lie．Husbands lie, friends lie, wives lie, and believe it or not, your mother might lie．A recent study showed that 91% of all people lie on a regular basis, and people tell at least13 major lies a week．77the model of absolute integrity, the real straight-shooter, the pragmatic fibber, a real Pinocchio and the compulsive liar, according to sociologist – anthropologist Dr．Gina Graham Scott．78Newby, the professor of sociology at Central Michigan University, believes that men are more likely to tell lies than women．―Men are more concerned abo ut how they present themselves in public, the impression they make on people and things like that,‖ he says．―Men are always trying to impress people in the work and want to make sure that their presentation of self is one that makes them look good．‖ Women, on the other hand, Dr．Newby believes, are more private people and their relationship tends to be more interpersonal, as opposed to having to put on a public face．Women are more vulnerable and they are not as likely to try to pull the wool over someone‘s eyes like men．79Los Angeles-based relationship counselor, does not believe that lying is based ongender．―But I believe when women lie it tends to be verbal, plain old-fashioned lies with words．But when men lie, it is often nonverbal, as in doing what he says he would not do or not doing what he promised he would do．Either way, it‘s a lie, male version or female version．It is the opposite of integrity．‖80ne‘s gender does not play a role in lying, but men and women do lie differently．―Women concern more while lying．They plan better,‖ Callender notes．―They create a history around the lie, and they try to project into the future what might happen if the lie is detected．With a woman, a lie has a beginning, a middle and an end．It‘s a real entanglement．‖ Callender believes that men ―tend to lie for the moment or to get out of a situation．Men think less about how the lie can be detected．‖Section DDirections: Read the passage carefully．Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words．All of us communicate with one another non-verbally, as well as with words．We gesture with eyebrows or a hand, meet someone else‘s eyes and look away, shift positions in a chair．These actions we assume are random and incidental．But researchers have discovered in recent years that there is a system to them almost as consistent and comprehensive as language．Every culture has its own body language, and children absorb its difference along with spoken language．A Frenchman talks and moves in French．The way an Englishman crosses his legs is nothing like the way a male American does it．In talking, with a future-tense verb, Americans often gesture with a forward movement．There are regional idioms too．An expert can sometimes pick out a native of Wisconsin just by the way he uses his eyebrows during conversation．Your sex, moral background, social class and personal style all influence your body language．Usually, the wordless communication acts to qualify the words．What the non-verbal elements express very often, and very efficiently, is the emotional side of the message．When a person feels liked or disliked, often it‘s a case of ―not what he said but the way he said it．‖ Psychologist Albert Mehrabian has come up with this formula: total impact of a message = 7% verbal + 38% gestural + 55% facial．Experts in kinesics – the study of communication through body movement – are not prepared to spell out a vocabulary or gestures．When an American rubs his nose, it may mean he is disagreeing with someone or rejecting something．But there are other possible interpretations, too．Another example: When a student in conversation with a professor holds th e older man‘s eyes a little longer than is usual, it can be a sign of respect and affection; it can be a challenge to the professor‘s authority; or it can be something else entirely．The experts look for patterns in the context, not for an isolated meaningful gesture．（Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS．）81．What idea does the author aim to convey in paragraph 2?82．Besides moral background, __________ are the other three factors affecting people‘s body langua ge．83．F rom Albert‘s formula, we learn that the body language __________．84．What can you conclude from the examples given in paragraph 5?第II卷I．TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets．1.大雪使学生们无法上学。

【恒心】【好卷速递】上海市嘉定、黄浦区2012届高三4月第二次模拟考试(英语)

上海市嘉定、黄浦区2012届高三4月第二次模拟考试英语试卷（完卷时间：120分钟满分：150分）2012年4月12日下午第I卷I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At a bakery. B. At a hotel.C. At a post office.D. At a birthday party.2. A. Librarian and student. B. Operator and caller.C. Boss and secretary.D. Customer and repairman.3. A. 30 minutes. B. 60 minutes.C. 90 minutes.D. 120 minutes.4. A. A best sailor. B. A latest book.C. A good business.D. An exciting story.5. A. By going on a diet. B. By eating fruit and vegetables.C. By having fewer meals.D. By doing physical exercise.6. A. It was interesting and easy to follow. B. It was far beyond his understanding.C. It was as difficult as he had expected.D. It was long but easy to understand.7. A. The traffic is always very heavy. B. The man needn‘t go to the airport.C. The subway is crowded at rush hours.D. The man had better take the subway.8. A. The woman prefers going out. B. The woman will make the decision.C. The man agrees with the woman.D. The man would rather stay inside.9. A. The man can tell Kelly the news the next day.B. The man shouldn‘t t ell Kelly the news at school.C. The man should tell Kelly‘s brother the news.D. The man had better tell Kelly the news by himself.10. A. The match will be put off due to the rain.B. The rain isn‘t likely to influence the man‘s team.C. The result of the match is sure to be affected.D. The rain will help the man‘s team win the match.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken onlyonce. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. To get better jobs. B. To save more money.C. To move into a larger apartment.D. To receive further education.12. A. It had family-friendly politics. B. It owned a child-care center on site.C. It offered its staff excellent benefits.D. It rewarded employees with apartments.13. A. Satisfied. B. Surprised. C. Confused. D. Interested. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. In 1185. B. In 1209. C. In 1386. D. In 1836.15. A. Because many early learning centers were set up.B. Because Oxford and Cambridge were established.C. Because the largest expansion of universities occurred.D. Because independent universities came into existence.16. A. Definition of universities. B. Development of universities.C. Finance for universities.D. Donations for universities.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each blank.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. The key _____ success is to choose a right goal, plan your path and then get started.A. aboutB. ofC. toD. with26. Ask yourself whether you have a balance between work and play. Too much of one creates a sacrifice or loss with _____.A. anotherB. the otherC. the othersD. others27. Scientists estimate that plants and animals lived _____ 3.5 billion years ago.A. as far asB. as many asC. as long asD. as old as28. Walking alone in the quiet town, Helen thought she _____ have invited John to enjoy the peace together.A. can‘tB. needn‘tC. shouldD. might29. I stayed up late doing my homework yesterday, so I had trouble _____ up early this morning.A. getB. gettingC. gotD. to get30. In the past two years, the number of campus bookstores offering rentals _____ from afew dozen to 1,500.A. jumpedB. had jumpedC. is jumpingD. has jumped31. The long-held belief _____ certain foods increase intelligence has turned out to be a disappointment.A. thatB. whetherC. whichD. why32. Not until the man in black took off his dark glasses _____ that he was the famous film star.A. did I realizeB. I realizedC. was I realizedD. I have realized33. Consumers are getting more sensible and buy only _____ they need in spite of all the advertisements they see.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. whether34. A lot of new technology _____ into schools to make learning more effective these years.A. introducedB. has introducedC. was introducedD. is being introduced35. Applicants _____ first language is not English are required to achieve a satisfactory standard in University-approved Test in English.A. whoseB. in whichC. whoD. that36. ―Have a nice day!‖ is a wonderfu l expression, _____ us, in effect, to enjoy the moment and to value this very day.A. remindsB. to remindC. to be remindingD. reminding37. I‘ve already told you that I‘m going to buy a new iPad, _____.A. how much does it costB. however much it costsC. no matter how it costsD. however does it cost much38. Facing a beggar, I may feel this poor person needs help, and the need will not be met _____ I put my hand in my pocket now.A. sinceB. in caseC. unlessD. while39. Seed plants – plants _____ from seeds – need water, sunlight and mineral to grow vigorously.A. grownB. to growC. to be grownD. having grown40. The Community Representative is a position designed for people with a strong desire to do something rewarding and _____ some money.A. earnedB. to earningC. earningD. earnSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Like many other young people, Lin Chi-ying (Vicky) and Chiang Chiu-ping (Pinky) dreamed of traveling the world. What makes them special is that they actually did it; what‘s more, they did it on bicycles.At 18, Vicky read the famous Cycling Diary of Hu Rong-hua and was __41__ to take a bike tour of southern China by herself. In 1991, while riding along the island‘s east coast, she met a Japanese __42__, who invited her to join him on a world cycling tour.In July 1998, they began their trip in Alaska. Vicky soon realized, however, that their travel philosophies were quite different. Her partner seemed intent on testing his endurance, while she preferred __43__ the fantastic scenery and meeting the locals. They parted after a month. Vicky cycled alone through the Rocky Mountains down to the western United States. By this time, her __44__ efforts to persuade her college friend, Pinky, to join her had succeeded.Once, in California, Vicky and Pinky were unable to find any cheap __45__, so they camped in a park. They were woken up by __46__ police officers, who told them camping there was illegal. In cities, they would __47__ through colleges and libraries, ―in need of air-conditioning,‖ Pinky joked.Vicky and Pinky praise friends back in China who supported them __48__, as well as people who assisted them along the way. They have fond __49__ of the wonderful friendliness of the people in a Turkish village, where Vicky and Pinky farmed, cooked, and danced with the locals.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.When I became an amputee at age 29, I was forced to rethink the idea of physical perfection. My life became different, as I changed from an acceptably attractive woman to an object of pity and __50__.Too busy __51__ physical pain and obvious mobility limitation, I was not aware of this change at first. I was determined to __52__, feeling good about the progress I had made, as I moved forward.__53__, as I made my first excursion outside the hospital, society had already assigned me a new status. Happy to be free of my restriction in the hospital, I rolled through the shopping mall – a __54__ survivor, feeling like a war hero. Unfortunately, I had a rude __55__ as I discovered that others did not view me in the way I had come to view myself.All eyes were upon me, yet no one dared to make eye contact. Their efforts to __56__ my eyes forced me to realize they saw only my missing legs. Mothers __57__ held their children closer as I passed. Elderly women patted me on the head saying, ―God Bless You!‖ with __58__ in their eyes. While I sat thinking about what had happened, a small girl came up to me. She stared with unembarrassed __59__ at the empty pants. Finding nothing there, she looked up at me with a puzzled look, she innocently asked, ―Lady, where did your legs go?‖I explained that my legs had been sick. Since my legs hadn‘t been strong and healthy like hers, the doctors had to __60__ them. Leaning her he ad upwards, she asked, ―Did they go to ‗Leg Heaven‘?‖That incident made me think about how __61__ children and adults react to the unknown. To a child, an odd appearance is an interesting curiosity and a __62__ learning experience while adults often view the same thing with fear and horror. I began to realize that, I, too had been __63__ of the same inappropriate reactions before I knew what life was like for an amputee.To fulfill the wholeness of my mind and spirit, I now smile warmly, make eye contact, and speak in a confident manner. By using a __64__ approach, I attempt to enlighten society about the fact that having a not-so-perfect body doesn‘t mean having a poor quality of life.50. A. comfort B. fear C. hatred D. sadness51. A. crying with B. figuring out C. holding back D. dealing with52. A. endure B. quit C. revenge D. succeed53. A. Instead B. Moreover C. However D. Therefore54. A. calm B. poor C. proud D. rare55. A. awakening B. ending C. happening D. proceeding56. A. turn B. hold C. catch D. avoid57. A. softly B. protectively C. reluctantly D. pleasantly58. A. pity B. anger C. depression D. upset59. A. curiosity B. determination C. enthusiasm D. satisfaction60. A. lose B. adjust C. remove D. stretch61. A. differently B. positively C. strangely D. sympathetically62. A. painful B. potential C. similar D. common63. A. conscious B. guilty C. ignorant D. short64. A. creative B. flexible C. positive D. scientific Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)United States Olympic hockey coach Herb Brooks knew that he had a pool of good but young hockey players as he watched them play during the tryouts for the 1980 national team. He decided to choose the players who were the most aggressive and played the hardest.Brooks was pleased with his final choices. However, he knew his team would be the underdog if they faced the powerful team of professionals from the Soviet Union(USSR). During the week before the Olympics began, the U.S. team played the Soviets in an exhibition game and last badly, 10-3. In spite of the defeat, Brooks thought that if his team played up to their potential, they might be able to win a medal.After the 1980 Winter Olympic Games began in Lake Placid, New York, the United States was behind Sweden 2-1 in their first game. With a last-second shot, Bill Baker tied(与……打成平局) the game for the U.S. team.In the second round, the United States defeated Czechoslovakia 7-3. They defeated Norway 5-1 in their next game and then defeated Romania 7-2. A 4-2 win over West Germany followed. With a record of four wins and one tie, the Americans advanced to the medal round. Their opponent was the powerful team from the USSR. The Soviet team had a record of five wins and no losses or ties. The Soviets took a 2-1 lead. Then, in the last second of the first period, the Americans tied the score. With 10 minutes left in the game, the Americans took the lead and held on for a slim 4-3 victory. Many sports fans consider this victory to be one of the greatest upsets in the history of sports. The U.S. team went on to defeat Finland for the gold medal by a score of 4-2.65．What did Brooks think of his players before the 1980 Winter Olympic Games?A. They were too young to be the most aggressive.B. They were powerful enough to be the champion.C. They lacked potential yet they played the hardest.D. They were likely to win a medal if they did their best.66．The word underdog in paragraph 2 probably means __________.A. leaderB. loserC. dog-tamerD. spectator 67．What was the U.S. hockey team‘s record in the 1980 Winter Olympics?A. Four wins, one tie.B. Five wins, one tie.C. Six wins, one tie.D. Six wins, no losses.68．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. Bill Baker scored two goals in the game with the Sweden team.B. The Soviet team had the same record as the U.S. in the first round.C. The Soviet team lost the game with the U.S. just at the last minute.D. The U.S. team‘s winning over the Soviets was out of expectation.(B)NEMS N EWRI E nvironmentalM aster of S cienceNEWRI: N anyang E nvironment &W ater R esearch I nstitute69. If one wants to apply for the NEMS programme, it is essential for him to __________.A. have passed the GRE testB. make contact with Ms SohC. possess a university diplomaD. major in engineering or science70. Students admitted to the NEMS Programme __________.A. will first have regular courses at StanfordB. needn‘t be released from their regular jobsC. are required to obt ain a Doctor‘s degreeD. can receive degrees of both NTU and Stanford71. What‘s the main purpose of the NEMS programme?A. To offer scholarship for tuition grants and living expenses.B. To strengthen the cooperation between NTU and Stanford.C. To cultivate experts on environmental science and engineering.D. To introduce Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute.(C)The coast of the State of Maine is one of the most irregular in the world. A straight line running from the southernmost coastal city to the northernmost coastal city would measure about 225 miles. If you followed the coastline between these points, you would travel more than ten times as far. This irregularity is the result of what is called a drowned coastline. The term comes from the glacial（冰川的）activity of the Ice Age. At that time, the whole area that is now Maine was part of a mountain range that towered above the sea. As the glacier descended, however, it applied enormous force on those mountains, and they sank into the sea.As the mountains sank, ocean water charged over the lowest parts of the remaining land. And the highest parts of the former mountain range, nearest the shore, remained as islands. Marine fossils found here are 225 feet above sea level indicating the level of the shoreline prior to the glacier. The 2,500-mile-long rocky and jagged coastline of Maine keeps watch over nearly 2,000 islands. Many of these islands are tiny and uninhabited, but many are home to blooming communities. Mt. Desert Island is one of the largest, most beautiful of the Maine coast islands left behind by the glacier. Measuring 16 miles by 12 miles, Mt. Desert was very nearly formed as two distinct islands. It is split almost in half by Somes Sound, a very deep and very narrow stretch of water seven miles long.For years, Mt. Desert Island, particularly its major settlement, Bar Harbor, has afforded summer homes for the wealthy. Recently, though, Bar Harbor has become a new arts community as well. But the best part of the island is the unspoiled forest land known as Acadia National Park. Since the island sits on the border between two different geographical zones, the park supports the plants and animals of both zones. It also lies in a major bird migration lane and is a resting spot for many birds.The establishment of Acadia National park in 1916 means that this natural monument will be preserved and that it will be available to all people, not just the wealthy. Visitors to Acadia may receive nature instruction from the park naturalists as well as enjoy camping, hiking, cycling, and boating. Or they may choose to spend time at the museum learning about the Stone Age inhabitants of the island.72．The large number of small islands along the coast of Maine is the result of __________.A. the drowning of the Maine coastlineB. glacier‘s forcing mountains into the seaC. the irregularity of the Maine coastlineD. ocean water‘s flooding the mountain range73．From the passage, we learn that __________.A. the coastline of Maine is ten times longer after the Ice AgeB. there are more than 2500 islands along the Maine coastlineC. Mt. Desert Island has been broken apart by a 7-mile-long water stretchD. an arts community gave way to the summer homes on Mt. Desert Island74．What CANNOT be inferred about the Acadia Nation Park?A. It welcomes all the people, rich or poor.B. It has much appeal for bird-watching lovers.C. It offers visitors both entertainment and education.D. It is a border between the two geographical zones.75．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. The past and the present of MaineB. The formation of Maine coastlineC. Efforts for preserving national parksD. Tourist attractions on Mt. Desert IslandSection CDirections: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.76.It‘s been said that ―everybody lies sometimes.‖ And it‘s true. Everyone does lie from time to time. Men lie; women lie. Husbands lie, friends lie, wives lie, and believe it or not, your mother might lie. A recent study showed that 91% of all people lie on a regular basis, and people tell at least 13 major lies a week.The first thing one has to understand about lying is that there are at least five different types of liars: the model of absolute integrity, the real straight-shooter, the pragmatic fibber, a real Pinocchio and the compulsive liar, according to sociologist –anthropologist Dr. Gina Graham Scott.78.Dr. Robert G. Newby, the professor of sociology at Central Michigan University, believes that men are more likely to tell lies than women. ―Men are more concerned about how they present themselves in public, the impression they make on people and things like that,‖ he says. ―Men are always trying to impress people in the work and want to make sure that their presentation of self is one that makes them look good.‖ Women, on the other hand, Dr. Newby believes, are more privatepeople and their relationship tends to be more interpersonal, as opposed to having to put on a public face. Women are more vulnerable and they are not as likely to try to pull the wool over someone‘s eyes like men.79.Dr Ronn Elmore, Los Angeles-based relationship counselor, does not believe that lying is based on gender. ―But I believe when women lie it tends to be verbal, plain old-fashioned lies with words. But when men lie, it is often nonverbal, as in doing what he says he would not do or not doing what he promised he would do. Either way, it‘s a lie, male version or female version. It is the opposite of integrity.‖80.Vesta Callender, psychotherapist in New York City, also agrees that one‘s gender does not play a role in lying, but men and women do lie differently. ―Women concern more while lying. They plan better,‖ Callender notes. ―They create a history around the lie, and they try to project into the future what might happen if the lie is detected. With a woman, a lie has a beginning, a middle and an end. It‘s a real entanglement.‖ Callender believes that men ―tend to lie for the moment or to get out of a situation. Men think less about how the lie can be detected.‖Section DDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.All of us communicate with one another non-verbally, as well as with words. We gesture with eyebrows or a hand, meet someone else‘s eyes and look away, shift positions in a chair. These actions we assume are random and incidental. But researchers have discovered in recent years that there is a system to them almost as consistent and comprehensive as language.Every culture has its own body language, and children absorb its difference along with spoken language. A Frenchman talks and moves in French. The way an Englishman crosses his legs is nothing like the way a male American does it. In talking, with a future-tense verb, Americans often gesture with a forward movement.There are regional idioms too. An expert can sometimes pick out a native of Wisconsin just by the way he uses his eyebrows during conversation. Your sex, moral background, social class and personal style all influence your body language.Usually, the wordless communication acts to qualify the words. What the non-verbal elements express very often, and very efficiently, is the emotional side of the message. When a person feels liked or disliked, often it‘s a case of ―not what he said but the way he said it.‖ Psychologist Albert Mehrabian has come up with this formula: total impact of a message = 7% verbal + 38% gestural + 55% facial.Experts in kinesics – the study of communication through body movement – are not prepared tospell out a vocabulary or gestures. When an American rubs his nose, it may mean he is disagreeing with someone or rejecting something. But there are other possible interpretations, too. Another example: When a student in conversation with a professor holds the older man‘s eyes a little longer than is usual, it can be a sign of respect and affection; it can be a challenge to the professor‘s authority; or it can be something else entirely. The experts look for patterns in the context, not for an isolated meaningful gesture.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81．What idea does the author aim to convey in paragraph 2?82．Besides moral background, __________ are the other three factors affecting people‘s body language.83．From Albert‘s formula, we learn that the body language __________.84．What can you conclude from the examples given in paragraph 5?第II卷I. TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.大雪使学生们无法上学。

黄浦区高考英语二模试卷

一、听力理解Section A听力部分共15题，每题2分，满分30分。

以下为听力材料：1. W: Hello, John. How was your weekend?M: It was great. I went hiking with my friends.2. W: Do you think you'll pass the exam?M: I'm not sure, but I've been studying hard.3. W: I'm sorry, I can't help you. I don't know where the post office is.M: No problem. I'll ask someone else.4. W: Would you like to have some coffee?M: No, thank you. I prefer tea.5. W: How do you like the new movie?M: It's really good. I think it's worth seeing.6. W: Are you going to the party tonight?M: Yes, I'm going with my friends.7. W: Can you help me with my homework?M: Sure, I'll be happy to help you.8. W: I'm sorry, I can't go to the party tonight. I have to study for the exam.M: OK, no problem.9. W: How do you get to the airport?M: I take a taxi.10. W: Do you think you'll get a good job after graduation?M: I hope so. I've been working hard to improve my skills.Section B听力部分共5题，每题3分，满分15分。

12年上海市各区英语二模答案

徐汇区I. Listening Comprehension (1-10小题每题1分，11-16小题每题2分)1-5 CDCAB 6-10 ABDCD 11-13 BDB 14-16 ACC17. 28 18. secretary 19. Italian 20. interview[来源:学科21. a detective story 22. got stuck 23. make（any）sense 24. security cameras说明：21题漏掉冠词得0分，22题时态不对得0分，24题没有复数得0分。

II. Grammar and Vocabulary (25-49小题每题1分)Section A 25-29 BDCBA 30-34 DDDAB 35-39 BDACD 40 CSection B 41. G 42. F 43. A 44. J 45. H 46. C 47. I 48. D 49. EIII. Reading Comprehension (50-64小题每题1分，65-75小题每题2分，,76-80小题每题1分)Section A 50-54 BABCD 55-59 CBCAC 60-64 DBDACSection B 65-68 BCDA 69-71 DBC 72-75 DCACSection C 76. D 77. B 78. F 79. C 80. ESection D81. （How to）draw more enthusiastic participation and teach more effectively.82. conflicts of interest and doing business fairly83. Teaching employees, building product awareness and solving real world problems.84. engage mainstream Internet users with more timely, vital issues第二卷I. Translation1. The opening ceremony was put off because of the rain.2. He is likely to have left his key to the office in the library.3. It has been / is proved that parents' words and behaviors / what the parents say and do have a deep/great influence on their children.4. He often goes fishing in the p ark on/at weekends, turning a blind eye to the “No Fishing” sign.5. Experts suggest that elderly people should drink a little wine each day, because it can stimulate their appetite and (help) digestion, which is good for their health.浦东新区2012年高考预测高三英语试卷参考答案(附听力文字稿)I. Listening Comprehension1--10. ABDCA ACCDA 11--13. CDA 14--16. BCD17. extend 18. 2305 19. booked 20. check21. Labor Day (celebrations) 22. New Zealand23. 3 days 24 on the InternetII. Grammar and Vocabulary25--40. CCDCA DCBBD BCCDB D 41--49. CHBJA FDEGIII. Reading Comprehension50--64. ACBDB ACBDA BCDBA65--68. CACB 69-71. DBD 72--15. DBCA 76--80. DBCFE81. By using tunnel fans to circulate air82. 150 million83. cutting pollution, saving money and energy, and make the neighbors happy84. The benefits of planting trees around poultry farmsI. Translation1. Jim answered his teacher’s question(s) without (any) hesitation.Jim answered the question(s) asked by his teacher with no hesitation.2. It’s (really/ absolutely/ fairly) essential for young people to learn to be responsible for what they do/ are doing/ have done.It’s (really/ absolutely/ fairly) essential that young people (should) learn to be responsible for what they do/ are doing/ have done.3. So demanding/ tough/ challenging/ is the job that few people are qualified for/ equal to it.4. While online shopping is convenient, the security/ safety of personal information can’t be ignored/ neglected/ overlooked.While it is conven ient to shop/ do shopping online, we can’t ignore/ neglect/ overlook the security/ safety of our personal information.5. Students (will/ may) benefit a lot from/ by studying abroad, but they are likely to face/be faced with a series of challenges that they will never meet (with) before.Studying abroad/ Going abroad for further studies benefits/ (will/ may) benefit students a lot, but they are likely to face/be faced with a series of challenges which are greater than ever (before). Students (will/ may) benefit a lot from/ by studying abroad, but it is likely that they will face/be faced with a series of challenges that they will never meet (with) before.杨浦区Listening 17. Reasonable 18. discount 19. access 20. equally21. Light brown 22. less attractive/ boring 23. cause cancer24. contain chemicalsGrammar 25-40 C D C C C B C A C A A C B C A CV ocabulary 41-49 D I A G E F B H CCloze 50-64 C A D A B D C D A B C A A D BReading 65-68 BDCB69-71 ACB72-75 B C D A76-80 DBFAC81. phobia82. avoid the object of his fear83. Upsetting experiences earlier in life and inherited memory.84. progressive exposureTranslation1. We are looking forward to receiving your proposals.2. His great scientific discovery astonished the world.3. The increasingly tense doctor-patient relationship remains to be solved.4. Is the saying that we should devote our limited life to the unlimited work of serving people out of date?5. The tourist industry won’t grow if the restaurant owners regard tourists as fish to be hooked rather than as guests to be welcomed.虹口区2012年英语学科高考练习题参考答案1-5: ACCDC 6-10: DACDD11-13: CBC 14-16: CDC17. Network 18. operating 19. manage 20. experience21. 9 22. save the environment 23. a litter bin 24. recycle paper25-40: DACCD BBDCA BDCABA41-49: IDAJE CGHF50-64: CABDB CDACB DACDA65-68: CACB69-71: CCB72-75: CBAD76-80：ECABD阅读简答：81. The cultural differences between the East and the West.82. Because they needn’t rehire or train new staff. / Because they won’t / don’t need to rehire or train new staff.83. the individual survival.84. More firms becoming more multinational and competition翻译：1. Her sense of duty / responsibility is worthy of being praised / praise / to be praised.2. It’s well known (to all) that every citizen’s rights o f life and health are protected by the law.3. Having / Taking up one or two hobbies is very valuable to people’s mental and physical health.4. More and more countries in the world are now taking measures to attract more Chinese tourists.5. The economy of China increases / is increasing by about 8 / eight % / percent every year, which shocks many countries that are suffering from economic crisis in the world.黄浦区2012年高考模拟考英语试卷参考答案第I卷1—5 A DCBD 6—10 BDBAB 11—13 CDA 14—16 DCB17. tiring 18. 15 19. outdoor 20. tips21. stomachache 22. biscuits and sweets23. half an hour 24. take some/the tablets/medicine25—29 CBCCB 30—34 DAABD 35—40 ADBCAD 41—45 HFCEB 46—49 DJGI50—54 BDDCC 55—59 ADBAA 60—64 CABBC65—68 DBCD 69—71 AAC 72—75 BCDA76—80 BAECF81. Every culture has its own body language.82. sex, social class and personal style83. plays a more(most) important role in communication84. The same body language / gesture has different meanings. /The same body language / gesture can be given several interpretations.第II卷I. Translation1. The heavy snow prevented the students (from) going to school.2. It’s never too late to learn how to make good / full use of (your / the) time.3. (At last,) I managed to buy the computer I’d been looking forward to /I’d been dream ing of for a long time at a reasonable price.4. He spent too much time on some unimportant/less important things, which led to thefailure of the whole plan./ He wasted too much time dealing with some unimportant/less important things, which resulted in the failure of the whole plan.5. If you really want to solve this problem, you have to take immediate action to deal withit before the situation/ it gets worse.上海市四区（杨浦、青浦、宝山、静安）2012年高考二模试题参考答案：Listening1—10 CCADD DCBAB 11—13 BAD 14—16 BDC17. energetic/ healthier 18. friends 19. swimming 20. 5/Five21. late for class 22. delivers milk 23. a scholarship 24. Very well/ExcellentlyGrammar:25—29 CADAB 30—34 ACDBD 35—40 CADBA C41—49 DAIFC JBGE50—54 BDACC 55—59 ADBCD 60—64 BADBCReading:65—67 CDB 68—71 DBCC 72—75 ACDA 76—80 DBEFC81. The sharp drops in the populations of amphibians from over 25 countries82. It kills off delicate amphibian embryos.83. absorbing/ blocking the (harmful) ultraviolet radiation84. Human interference, increased ultraviolet radiation and new infectious diseases Translation:1. Hearing the news/When we heard the news that we would have a holiday, we were all excited.2. Jeremy Lin, an American Chinese who graduated / a graduate from Harvard University, created a miracle in the history of the NBA.3. Although/Though we have taken a lot of measures to ensure food safety, there are still many problems to be solved.4. As the College Entrance Examination is drawing near/approaching/coming, more and more students begin to concern about the universities and majors they want to choose.5. It is said that the reason why new users of microblog must use real names when they are registering is to protect web users’ interests and improve credibility of Internet.2011学年奉贤区调研测试高三英语试卷（2012,04 ）I. Listening1—5 CABBD 6—10 CCDBA 11—13 CBA 14—16 BCC17. Thursday 18. medicine 19. pleasure 20. knowledge21. (very) impressive 23. a high reputation 22. Sales manager 24. paid vacationII. Grammar and vocabulary25—29 CDCCB 30—34 CBADB 35—39 CDCBD 40 B41—45 JCEAD 46—49 FHIGIII. Reading50—54 BDCDB 55—59 CAADB 60—64 ADDBB65—68 DBDB 69—71 ACD 72—75 DBCA76—80 FECBD81. Culture shock’s effects on people.82. Emotional “roller coaster” and fatigue83. mental fatigue84. fitting some past regular routine into the new cultureTranslation:1. Do you mind / Would you mind turning on the computer for me?2. The closing ceremony of London Olympics / Olympic games will take place on August 12th this year.3. With the advanced science and technology available, (Because the advanced science and technology is available,) the police all over the world/ in different countries can catch/ find out criminals/ bring the criminals to justice faster and more easily.4. Although we are busy (in) doing our work, / with our work, we should set aside some time every day to do/ take(physical) exercise to/ and relax ourselves.5. A newly-released/ newly-reveled survey shows/ suggests/ indicates that the biggest attraction of the Internet is that it keeps/ makes net citizens（netizens）/ people who surf the Internet informed of the world events.崇明县1. C2. A3. B4. B5. A6. A7. D8. D9. C 10. B 11. C 12. B 13. A 14. B 15. C 16. B17. Thatcher 18. 5:00 19. 8.59 20. Friday21. rent an apartment 22. a bus line 23. next month 24. central air conditioning 听力17—24题评分标准：1. 17-24题，每小题1分。

南京市高三英语二模试卷及答案

南京市2012届高三第二次模拟考试英语2012.03第一部分：听力(共两节，满分20分) 略第二部分：英语知识运用(共两节，满分35分)第一节：单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、c、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

21.---- Did Susan visit you again ______ following year?---- No, it was almost ten years before she came to see me _____ second time.A. the; aB. the; /C. /; theD. /; a22.Micro blogging, or “Weibo”, as is known in China, _____ users to send about messages up to 140characters, is very popular among young people.A. expectingB. takingC. encouragingD. allowing23. ----- I will furnish your room with the best computer and television.----- You _____. I prefer a bookshelf to do some reading in my spare time.A. needn’tB. mustn’tC. can’tD. shouldn’t24. When Mike _____ the fr ont door, he couldn’t find his key. So he had to wait for his wife to come back.A. would openB. was to openC. had openedD. opened25. The magician, Liu Qian, picked several persons ______ from the audience and asked them to help him with the performance.A. by accidentB. in vainC. at randomD. on average26. It cost her much to have broken the law. I wonder why she stole things ______ she could easily afford them.A. whenB. unlessC. in caseD. so that27. ----- Mary, turn the heat down, ______ burn.----- Ok, mum.A. the cake willB. or the cake willC. will the cakeD. and the cake will28. The light bulb, invented by Edison in 1879, is about to disappear from our lives, _____ to more energy-efficient lighting.A. giving wayB. making wayC. giving hopeD. making room29. The spokesman said that this was a ______ negotiation because it solved a lot of problems between the two sides.A. primitiveB. persuasiveC. protectiveD. productive30. The food last month in the east was a real disaster, _____ 19 people dead and 78 missing.A. to leaveB. leftC. leavingD. having left31. The young man was glad that his experience as a cook in the army finally _____.A. paid offB. paid forC. paid upD. paid back32. ______ going to the program You Are the One, she knew she had to be there or her mother would be unhappy.A. Although much she dislikedB. Much although she dislikedC. As she disliked muchD. Much as she disliked33. ______ was a great pleasure that, through five years of medical care and treatment, be recovered from the terrible disease.A. ThatB. ItC. WhatD. Which34. ----- Pity you missed the concert.----- I ______ it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.A. must have attendedB. had attendedC. would have attendedD. would attend35. ----- I’ve just heard that the lecture to be given by the Nobel winter has been cancelled.----- Oh, no! ______.A. It’s wonderfulB. It doesn’t matterC. I have no id eaD. I was looking forward to that第二节：完形填空(共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分)请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

【首发】上海市2012届高三二模考试英语汇编简答题Word版无答案

2012届上海市高三二模英语试卷——简答(崇明)In so many ways, cyberspace(网络空间) mirrors the real world. People ask for information, play games, and share hobby tips. Others buy and sell products. Still others look for friendship, or even love.Unlike the real world, however, your knowledge about a person is limited to words on a computer screen. Identity and appearance mean very little in cyberspace. Rather, a person’s thoughts—or at least the thoughts they type—are what really count. So even the shyest person can become a chat-room star.Usually, this “faceless” communication doesn’t create problems. Identity doesn’t really matter when you’re in a chat room discussing politics or hobbies. In fact, this emphasis on the ideas themselves makes the Internet a great place for exciting conversation. Where else can so many people come together to chat about their interests?But some Internet users want more than just someone to chat with. They’re looking for serious love relationships. Is cyberspace a good place to find love? That answer depends on whom you ask. Some of these relationships actually succeed. Others fail miserably.Supporters of online relationships claim that the Internet allows couples to get to know each other intellectually first. Personal appearance doesn’t get in the way.But critics of online relationships argue that no one can truly know another person in cyberspace. Why? Because the Internet gives users a lot of control over how others view them. Internet users can carefully craft their words to fit whatever image they want to give. And they don’t have to worry about what their “faceless” communication is doing for their image. In a sense, they’re not really themselves.All of this may be fine if the relationship stays in cyberspace. But not knowing a person is a big problem in a love relationship. With so many unknowns, it’s easy to let one’s imagination “fill in the blanks.” This inevitably leads to disappointment when couples meet in person. How someone imagines an online friend is often quite different than the real person.So, before looking for love in cyberspace, remember the advice of Internet pioneer Clifford Stoll: “Life in the real world is far richer than anything you’ll find on a computer screen.”(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. We learn about a person in cyberspace only through ______________________________.82. Why is the Internet a great place for exciting conversation?83. What makes online love relationship often fail?84. From the passage we can learn that the writer __________________________ looking for loveon the Internet.81. the thoughts they type / the words on a computer screen82. Because people focus on the ideas while talking. / Because it puts emphasis on the ideas themselves.83. Communicating with an imaginary person. / Not truly knowing a person.84. disagrees with / objects to / is against（奉贤）Culture shock is so named because of the effect it has on people when they enter a newculture. Experts have been interested in these effects and have agreed on five basic stages of culture shock. These stages are general and should only be used as a reference. Not every individual will go through each stage, and one stage may last longer than another for different individuals.The hardest thing for most travelers to deal with is the emotional “roller coaster” they seem to be riding. One moment they feel very positive toward the new culture, and the next moment very negative. It seems common that international visitors and immigrants vacillate（犹豫不定）between loving and hating a new country. Feelings of separation and alienation can be intensified if they do not have a sense of fitting in or belonging.Fatigue is another problem people face when entering a new culture. There can be a sense of greater need for sleep. This is due not only to physical tiredness, but also to mental fatigue. This mental fatigue comes from straining to comprehend the language, and coping with new situation.The impact of culture shock can vary from person to person. There can be significant differences because some people may be better prepared to enter a new culture. Four factors which play into these are personality, language ability, length of stay, and the emotional support received.It is logical to think that when people are deprived of heir familiar surroundings they will feel disoriented. One solution some have found is to bring a few small reminders of home. Pictures, wall hangings, favorite utensils, and keepsake are all good candidates to make things feel more familiar. Another helpful activity is to establish little routines that become familiar over time. Even better is fitting things that were part of the regular routine back in the home country into the routine established in the new culture. This will make people feel more at home.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. According to the 1st paragraph,what have experts been interested in?82. What are the two problems people face when entering a new culture?83. Coping with new situations may result in__________.84. The author thinks the more effective way to solve “cultural shock” is__________.81. Culture shock’s effects on people.82. Emotional “roller coaster” and fatigue83. mental fatigue84. fitting some past regular routine into the new culture(虹口)From bankers to factory staff, employees in the west face the bleak prospect (暗淡的前景) of losing their jobs as a global recession (衰退) starts to bite. For colleagues in the East the pain is more likely to come through a pay cut.Human resource experts say cultural differences explain why Asian firms try harder to keep jobs in difficult times, which will stop unemployment and may help keep Asian economies afloat at a time of slowing exports.The East Asian attitude may also make it easier for firms to recover quickly from the economic downturn since they will not need to rehire or train new staff, leaving some experts predicting Western shift to Eastern flexibility.“In the Confucian (儒家的) attitude, the right thing to do is to share the burden. There is the sense of collective responsibility whereas(然而) in the W est, it’s more about the individual survival,” said Michael Benotlel, associate d professor of organizational behavior at Singapore Management University.Steven Pang, Asian Regional Director for Aquent, a headhunting firm, said in many East Asian companies there was a responsibility “ to take care of the members of the family and go through the pain together” even if that meant causing losses.US firms from General Motors to Goldman Sachs plan to lay off workers by the thousand. But at the Asian units of Western multinationals, job cuts will probably be less severe.Japan’s jobless rate was 4 percent in September, up from 3.8 per cent in January, while Hong Kong’s was flat at 3.4 percent. But US unemployment is expected to have jumped to 6.3 percent last month from below 5 percent in January.Experts say that while there are noticeable differences in labor practices in East and West, the gap will narrow as more firms become more multinational and competition forces firms to adopt the best practices of rivals (对手) from abroad.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. What caused the different practices of Asian and Western firms facing the global recession?82. Why is it easier for the East Asian firms to recover quickly from the economic downturn?83. Firms in the west would lay off workers when facing a bleak prospect because of ______.84. ______ will make the differences in East and West less noticeable.81. The cultural differences between the East and the West.82. Because they needn’t rehire or train new staff. / Because they won’t / don’t need to rehire ortrain new staff.83. the individual survival.84. More firms becoming more multinational and competition(黄浦、嘉定)All of us communicate with one another non-verbally, as well as with words. We gesture with eyebrows or a hand, meet someone else’s eyes and look away, shift positions in a chair. These actions we assume are random and incidental. But researchers have discovered in recent years thatthere is a system to them almost as consistent and comprehensive as language.Every culture has its own body language, and children absorb its difference along with spoken language. A Frenchman talks and moves in French. The way an Englishman crosses his legs is nothing like the way a male American does it. In talking, with a future-tense verb, Americans often gesture with a forward movement.There are regional idioms too. An expert can sometimes pick out a native of Wisconsin just by the way he uses his eyebrows during conversation. Your sex, moral background, social class and personal style all influence your body language.Usually, the wordless communication acts to qualify the words. What the non-verbal elements express very often, and very efficiently, is the emotional side of the message. When a person feels liked or disliked, often it’s a case of “not what he said but the way he said it.” Psychologist Albert Mehrabian has come up with this formula: total impact of a message = 7% verbal + 38% gestural + 55% facial.Experts in kinesics – the study of communication through body movement – are not prepared to spell out a vocabulary or gestures. When an American rubs his nose, it may mean he is disagreeing with someone or rejecting something. But there are other possible interpretations, too. Another example: When a student in conversation with a professor holds the older man’s eyes a little longer than is usual, it can be a sign of respect and affection; it can be a challenge to the professor’s authority; or it can be something else entirely. The experts look for patterns in the context, not for an isolated meaningful gesture.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81．What idea does the author aim to convey in paragraph 2?82．Besides moral background, __________ are the other three factors affecting people’s body language.83．F rom Albert’s formula, we learn that the body language __________.84．What can you conclude from the examples given in paragraph 5?81. Every culture has its own body language.82. sex, social class and personal style83. plays a more(most) important role in communication84. The same body language / gesture has different meanings. /The same body language / gesture can be given several interpretations.(静安、杨浦、宝山、青浦)Frogs, toads and salamanders usually make us think of green, slimy little monsters. These monsters actually belong to a very special class of animals called the amphibians. Amphibians can live both on land and in the water. They commonly inhabit ponds, rivers, marshes and other wetlands.Today, amphibians are becoming extinct very quickly from all the six continents where they are found. More than 25 countries are reporting sharp drops in the populations of amphibians. In some places, embryos (胚胎) are dying; in others, adults are missing. Why are they dying off?Scientists blame human interference. Industrial waste and toxic gases given out by factories, manufacturing plants and cars are steadily poisoning the breeding grounds of amphibians. Chemicals such as sulphur dioxide rise high into the atmosphere and mix with rain. This makes the rain acidic and thus kills off delicate amphibian embryos.More rare species of amphibians are already gone. Costa Rica's Golden toads have not been seen since 1989. The Australian Gastric Brooding frogs are extinct. Leopard frog numbers are dropping in the Rocky Mountains. Leopard frogs live in the wetland regions in these areas. The wetlands are being drained to make way for highways, industry and new housing.Another threat to the amphibians is the increased ultraviolet radiation. Ultraviolet rays come from the sun and are extremely harmful to living things. They can cause skin cancer in humans. Luckily for us, ultraviolet rays are blocked by a thick layer of ozone above the earth's atmosphere. Ozone is a special kind of oxygen which absorbs ultraviolet radiation. Now, the ozone layer is being destroyed by chemicals called CFC's which are given off by factories. A hole in the ozone layer was discovered over Antar ctica in the late 1980’s. As a result, more ultraviolet rays are reaching the earth and more amphibians are dying.Just as the emergence of new infectious diseases such as Bird Flu are a threat to human and animal populations across the world, amphibian species are also facing their most significant threat from a little understood disease. A chytrid fungus is understood to be of the major causes of frog death across the world.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TWELVE WORDS)81. _____________________________________indicate that amphibians are dying out quickly.82. What’s the destructive force of acid rain?_________________________________________________________________________.83. The ozone layer protects people by _____________________________________________.84. List at least two major factors that lead to the extinction of amphibians._________________________________________________________________________.81. The sharp drops in the populations of amphibians from over 25 countries82. It kills off delicate amphibian embryos.83. absorbing/ blocking the (harmful) ultraviolet radiation84. Human interference, increased ultraviolet radiation and new infectious diseases（闵行）High school dropouts (辍学者) earn an average of $9,000 less per year than graduates. Now a new study moves away a common belief why they quit. It’s much more than failing in exams at school.Society tends to think of high school dropouts as kids who just can’t cut it. They are lazy, and perhaps not too bright. So researchers were surprised when they asked more than 450 kids who quit school about why they left.“The vast majority actually had passing grades and they were confident that they could have graduated from high school.” John Bridgeland, the executive researcher said. About one million teens leave school each year. Only about half of African-American and Hispanic students will receive a diploma, and actually all dropouts come to regret their decision. So, if failing grades don’t explain wh y these kids quit, what does? Again, John Bridgeland: “The most dependable finding was that they were bored.” “They found classes uninteresting; they weren’t inspired or motivated. They didn’t see any direct connection between what they were learning in th e classroom to their own lives, or to their career aspirations.”The study found that most teens who do drop out wait until they turn sixteen, which happens to be the age at which most states allow students to quit. In the US, only one state, New Mexico, has a law requiring teenagers to stay in high school until they graduate. Only four states: California, Tennessee, Texas and Utah, plus the District of Columbia, require school attendance until age 18, no exceptions, another researcher, says raising the compulsory attendance age may be one way to keep more kids in school.“As these dropouts look back, they realize they’ve made a mistake. And anything that sort of gives these people an extra push to stick it out and it through to the end, is probably helpful measure.”New Hampshire may be the next state to raise its school attendance age to 18. But critics say that forcing the students unwilling to continue their studies to stay in school misses the point－the need for reform. It’s been called for to reinvent high school education to make it more challenging and relevant, and to ensure that kids who do stick it out receive a diploma that actually means something.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN 10 WORDS)81. What do people think of those who quit school?82. Many students quit school not because they cannot pass grades but because they find lessons_________________________.83. Why don’t some students quit until they are sixteen?84. According to the passage, the more effective way to keep students from quitting is to_________________________.81. (They are) lazy and not bright.82. uninteresting and not relevant to real life/ having no direct connection with their lives83. Because that’s the age to be allowed to quit. / Because that’s the compulsory attendance agerequired by law.84. reform or reinvent high school education（浦东）Planting trees around poultry(家禽) farms can improve air and water quality – and relations with neighbors. Research has shown that just three rows of trees near poultry houses can reduce the release of dust and ammonia (氨). They can also reduce the strong smell of ammonia gas.The trees capture dust, ammonia and smells in their leaves. They can also reduce energy use. They also provide shade from the sun, so they reduce cooling costs in summer. And they act as a windbreak, so they reduce heating costs in winter. Trees can also improve water quality around farms by removing pollutions from soil and groundwater.Several years ago, people were objecting to the smell of poultry farms on the Delmarva Peninsula in the eastern United States. Delmarva is where the states of Delaware, Maryland and Virginia come together. Two thousand farms there can each house an average of seventy-five thousand chickens.Traditionally the farms used windows to provide fresh air in the chicken houses. Farmers rarely planted trees or tall crops around the buildings, so there would be no barrier to the airflow.But then in the 60s, farms began to use mechanical ventilation(通风) systems. Instead of windows, the mechanical systems used tunnel fans to circulate(使…循环) air. The fans directed airflow from the poultry houses toward the homes of neighbors.Researchers began dealing with the problem in 2000. They found that over a period of six years, planting three rows of trees reduced total dust and ammonia by more than half. And they found that smells were reduced by 18%.Farmers may think trees will take too long to grow and be effective. But some trees can grow quickly. At least one-third of the Delmarva farms have planted trees, technically known as vegetative environmental buffers. The idea offers a way to cut pollution, save money and energy, and make the neighbors happy.81. How did the mechanical ventilation system work?82.The number of chickens raised on the poultry farms in Delmarva is up to ____________________.83.The benefits of planting trees around poultry farms are __________________________________.84. What is the main topic of the passage?81. By using tunnel fans to circulate air82. 150 million83. cutting pollution, saving money and energy, and make the neighbors happy84. The benefits of planting trees around poultry farms（普陀）Parents and kids today dress alike, listen to the same music, and are friends. Is this a good thing? Sometimes, when Mr. Ballmer and his 16-year-old daughter, Elizabeth, listen to rock musictogether and talk about interests both enjoy, such as pop culture, he remembers his more distant relationship with his parents when he was a teenager.“I would never have said to my mom, ‘Hey, the new Weezer album is really great. How do you like it?’” says Ballmer. “There was just a complete gap in taste.”Music was not the only gulf. From clothing and hairstyles to activities and expectations, earlier generations of parents and children often appeared to move in separate orbits.Today, the generation gap has not disappeared, but it is getting narrow in many families. Conversations on subjects such as sex and drugs would not have taken place a generation ago. Now they are comfortable and common. And parent—child activities, from shopping to sports, involve a feeling of trust and friendship that can continue into adulthood.No wonder greeting cards today carry the message, “To my mother, my best friend.”But family experts warn that the new equality can also result in less respect for parents. “There’s still a lot of strictness and authority on the part of parents out there, but there is a change happening,” says Kerrie, a psychology professor at Lebanon Valley College. “In the middle of that change, there is a lot of confusion among parents.”Family researchers offer a variety of reasons for these evolving roles and attitudes. They see the 1960s as a turning point. Great cultural changes led to more open communication and a more democratic process that encourages everyone to have a say.“My parents were on the ‘before’ side of that change, but today’s parents, the 40-year-olds, were on the ‘after’ side,” explains Mr. Ballmer. “It’s not something easily accomplished by parents these days, because life is more difficult to understand or deal with, but sharing interests does make it more fun to be a parent now.”(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TWELVE WORDS.) 81. The underlined word “gulf” in Para.3 most probably means ______________.82. How is the generation gap getting narrow today?_____________________________________________.83. What is the change in today’s parent-child relationship?_________________________________________________84. The purpose of the passage is to ___________________________.81.distance82.Parents share more interests with their children.83. New equality between parents and children84.discuss the development of the parent—child relationship（徐汇、金山）When the Internet powerhouse Yahoo wanted to teach ethics（道德标准）to its employees, it faced a challenge familiar to multinational companies.Yahoo employs nearly 14,000 people at 25 sites worldwide. They would feel bored at sitting down in front of a dated video in which actors with 1980s haircuts tell them what to do. So it hired a company called The Network to design a game. In the game, the truck where Yahoo was founded traveled the world, turning into a boat and a helicopter along the way as it visited some of Yahoo’sforeign offices. Participants play in game show-like scenarios（场景）that quiz them about conflicts of interest and doing business fairly. And employees note: Yahoo is tracking how well they do.Such activities draw more enthusiastic participation and teach more effectively than traditional methods. They are described as alternative-reality games (ARGs), involving both interactive and real-world elements. Besides teaching employees, ARGs have also been used in many areas for a number of different purposes.From a marketing perspective, a number of very successful ARGs have been written as a way to build product awareness. A very popular ARG called I Love Bees was produced to market the 2004 video game Halo 2. At its height, I Love Bees received between two to three million unique visitors over the course of three months.ARGs are more than just a fun way to learn. They have also been used to solve real world problems. An ARG called World Without Oil was created to obtain collective input from players about dealing with the world’s dependency on oil.World without Oil simulates（模拟）the first 32 days of a global oil crisis and anybody could play by creating a personal story that recorded the imagined reality of their life in the crisis. World Without Oil’s success on a small budget has opened the door for similar games to engage mainstream Internet users with climate change, education reform, governmental policy and other timely, vital issues.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. What challenge did yahoo face in teaching ethics to its employees?82. In the game designed for yahoo, participants had to answer questions about ________.83. What are the three major functions of ARG mentioned in the passage?84. The success of World Without Oil suggests that ARGs can ________.81. （How to）draw more enthusiastic participation and teach more effectively.82. conflicts of interest and doing business fairly83. Teaching employees, building product awareness and solving real world problems.84. engage mainstream Internet users with more timely, vital issues（杨浦1.5）Do you know anyone who suffers from equinophobia, pluviophobia or leukophobia? Or, to put it another way, do you know anyone who is very afraid of horses, rain or the colour white? You probably don't, and yet these are recognized medical conditions, though very rare ones.According to many surveys, more than ten per cent of people in the United States have some kind of phobia (the word comes from the Greek phobós, meaning fear). There are, of course, dozens of different kinds, ranging from the obscure to the well known. The names of most of them have been created by adding 'phobia' to a Greek or Latin root - a process that has turned into something of a word game, with people inventing names for conditions that perhaps exist only in theory (for example androidophobia, the fear of robots).True phobias consist of an intense fear that produces a very strong desire to avoid the object of that fear. Without specialist help they are very difficult to control and tend to disrupt the daily lifeof the sufferer.Phobias often originate from upsetting experiences earlier in life - for example an intense fear of dogs (cynophobia) often comes from having been bitten by one; In some cases, however, experts suggest phobias are to some extent evolutionary, arising not from personal experience but from inherited memory lying deep in our brains. Arachnophobia and ophidiophobia (the fear of snakes) are often suggested as examples: for our distant ancestors, who lived closer to nature than we do, fear of poisonous spiders and snakes would have served the useful evolutionary purpose of helping them avoid potentially fatal bites.A common technique for treating some phobias is that of 'progressive exposure' in which sufferers are encouraged by a therapist to gradually get closer to the object of their fear. The idea is that at each step the patient realizes nothing bad is happening to them, which should lead to their fear gradually decreasing. With someone who is terrified of spiders, for example, the therapist might start by showing them a picture of a spider, then introducing a real spider in a glass box and slowly moving the box closer to them, then finally having them hold the spider in the palm of their hand. Therapy of this kind is said to be very effective, although in this case perhaps not very enjoyable.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS)81. When we want to create a name to describe the condition of a person who has the fear of ice, the name is usually ended with _______________________________________.82. A sufferer of a true phobia usually desires strongly to _______________________________.83. What are the two possible reasons for different kinds of phobias?84. In the last paragraph, the writer gives an example of the treatment of someone who is terrified of spiders to illustrate the meaning or ________________________________________.81. phobia82. avoid the object of his fear83. Upsetting experiences earlier in life and inherited memory.84. progressive exposure（闸北）A commercial transaction, in its simplest form, involves a customer paying for goods or services. But these days, that is just the first step. Businesses want your opinion of them, too, and their requests for feedback now seem to come with every purchase.Prime reason for the trend is that software companies like SurveyGizmo and QuestionPro have made it possible for small companies to create customer surveys at a small part of the cost of traditional surveys. Out of desperate thirst to lock in customer loyalty, businesses of all sizes see surveys as a window into the emotional world of their customers which serve like a database that will offer guidance in that field.Consumer patience may be fraying with the surveys. The constant bothering has led to a condition known as survey tiredness and falling response rates. The declines can be reasoned from two angles. The frequent requests with no incentives (奖励) just have people stop doing it. In the old days, you felt as though you had been selected to represent the community. But this is the information age, and people know their information is worth something.。

2012届高三英语上册第二次联考试题(含答案)

2012届高三英语上册第二次联考试题(含答案)2011-2012学年第一学期“六校协作体”高三第二次联考试题英语本试卷共10页，四大题，满分135分。

考试用时120分钟。

注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名和考生号、试室号、座位号填写在答题卡上，并用2B铅笔在答题卡上的相应位置填涂考生号。

用2B铅笔将试卷类型（A）填涂在答题卡相应位置上。

2. 选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。

3. 非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。

不按以上要求作答的答案无效。

I 语言知识及应用 (共两节，满分45分) 第一节完形填空 (共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1―15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Get Yourself Lost Travelers to new cities are often told to start their trip with a bus tour. The thinking is that they can then ____1____ to the places that interested them. Nonsense! What you see from the____2____ of a moving bus is unreal and completely removed from the authentic sights, sounds and____3____ outside. Be adventurous! The best way to experience any place is ____4____ and with absolutely no travel ____5____. Simply go wherever your feet and your ____6____ lead you. You eventually will get to the same sites that are on the bus tour - the museums, the monuments city hall- but will have ____7____ much more. You will have felt the contemporary life of the city. “But what if I get lost?” People might ask. No one gets____8____ lost in a major city. Eventually, you can find your way back to a well-known location. If it frightens you to be “lost”, just find a taxi and go back to where you____9____. However, the nicest things can happen if you get lost. You stopat a sidewalk café to ____10____ and relax. You ask instructions of the local people at the ____11____ table. And even if they don’t speak your language, your trip becomes more ____12____ because of the experience. So next time you see a poster advertising an introductory bus tour, ____13____ your money. Instead, wander on your own. I ____15____ you a time you’ll remember with great pleasure. 1. A. return B. come C. walk D. drive 2. A. backside B. inside C. outlook D. outlet 3. A. grasses B. flowers C. smells D. feelings 4. A. by car B. on foot C. by bike D. by plane 5. A. plan B. map C. money D. ticket 6. A. nose B. mouth C. habits D. interests 7. A. observed B. touched C. seen D. watched 8. A. uncertainly B. unluckily C. carelessly D. hopelessly 9. A. started B. went C. enjoyed D. left 10. A. talk B. stop C. laugh D. sit 11. A. next B. window C. front D. back 12. A. forgettable B. memorable C. reasonable D. acceptable 13. A. get B. spend C. save D. Waste 14. A.However B.So C.Instead D.Take it easy 15. A. wish B. give C. hope D. promise第二节语法填空 (共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为16―25的相应位置上。

上海市2012届高三英语2月七校联合调研考试卷牛津上海版

上海市2012届高三七校联合调研考试（英语） 2012.2参加学校：复兴中学、建平中学、南洋模范、向明中学、延安中学、上师大附中满分150分考试时间120分钟第I卷II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. When you infer, you go ______ the surface details to see other meanings that the details suggest or imply, but do not state.A. withB. forC. beyondD. between26. Every year, the United States exports “cultural products” to the rest of the world whereas ______ only imports similar products from other countries equal to about one percent of the amount exported.A. theyB. itC. oneD. that27. John as well as the other staff members who ______ working with this world-famous company ______ to attend its 100th anniversary.A. is… isB. is… areC. are… isD. are… are28. I believe only those who have passed the written exam will be interviewed, ______?A. don’t IB. haven’t theyC. will theyD. won’t they29. Anyone whose performance is best received by the public ______ be granted an opportunity to show their talents at Great Hall of the People in Beijing.A. needB. shallC. mayD. could30. If you travel to another country, on business or vacation, it is helpful to learn some of the country’s customs ______ you don’t offend the local people.A. in thatB. so thatC. on condition thatD. except that31. ______ several times, the gift was finally accepted by my Chinese host family.A. Turning downB. To turn downC. Having been turned downD. To have been turned down32. Generally, only companies with stable growth of sales and solid stock prices over the past five years ______ on the list of the Best Big Companies by Forbes.A. will remainB. have remainedC. had remainedD. remained33. A shopper rarely speaks to a shop assistant except ______ for help or information, but this is not the case in some countries.A. to askB. askingC. askedD. ask34. As is known to all, the first bridge ______ across the Huangpu River, the Songpu Bridge, needs repairing.A. to buildB. to be builtC. having been builtD. built35. Besides industrial sites, groundwater pollution is also caused by modern farming methods, ______ require the use of large amounts of chemicals in the fields.A. asB. whatC. thatD. which36. He who hasn’t gone through ups and downs in life doesn’t realize ______ life really means to him.A. howB. whyC. whichD. what37. I envy Mary for her dress bought last weekend; I would like to have paid ______ for it.A. as twice muchB. much as twiceC. twice as muchD. as much twice38. ______ in the library regulations that any book borrowed should be returned by due time, or the borrower will be fined.A. What is requiredB. It is requiredC. What requiresD. It requires39. ______ did people in Europe begin to know about chocolate, when Christopher Columbus returned from the first European explorations in the New World.A. Not until after 1492B. It was not until after 1492C. Until after 1492D. It was until after 149240. ______ for the boy to talk with his mouth full!A. What bad manners they areB. How bad manners they areC. What bad manners it isD. How bad manners it isSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A recent study shows that more years of school could help students get higher scores on intelligence tests. That was the finding of a study of teenage males in Norway. Now, other research shows that ___41___ activity may help students do better in their classes.The research comes as educators in some countries are reducing time for activities like physical education. They are using the time ___42___ for academic subjects like math and reading. Researchers at VU University Medical Centre in Amsterdam reviewed the results of fourteen studies, which included more than fifty-five thousand children, aged six to eighteen. Researcher Amika Singh says the studies showed a link between physical activity and scores on subjects such as math, English and reading. “Based on the results of our study we can conclude that being physically active is ___43___ for academic performance.”Ms. Singh offers some possible explanations. “There are, first, physiological explanations, like more blood ___44___, and so more oxygen to the brain. Being physically active means there are more hormones produced like endorphins. And endorphins make your stress level lower and your mood improved, which means you also perform better.”Also, students ___45___ in organized sports learn rules and how to follow them. This could improve their classroom behaviour and help them keep their mind on their work.The study leaves some questions ___46___, however. Ms. Singh says it is not possible to say whether the amounts or kind of activity ___47___ the level of academic improvement. This is because of differences among the studies.Also, they were mostly observational studies. An observational study is where researchers do not do controlled comparisons. They only describe what they observe. So they might observe a link that students who are more active often have better grades. But that does not ___48___ mean being active was the cause of those higher grades. Therefore, more high-quality studies are needed to ___49___ their findings.Still, the general finding was that physically active kids are more likely to do better in school. Ms. Singh says schools should consider that finding before they cut physical education programs. III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Many years ago I was on a bicycle trip through some exceedingly picturesque (如画的) countryside. Suddenly, dark clouds piled up overhead and rain began to fall, but strange to ___50___, several hundred yards ahead of me the sun shone brilliantly. Riding, however, as rapidly as I could, I found it ___51___ to get into the clear. The clouds with their rain kept advancing faster than I could race forward. I continued this unequal contest for an exhausting half hour, ___52___ realizing that I could not win my way to the bright area ahead of me.Then it dawned upon me that I was wasting my strength in unimportant hurry, while paying no attention whatsoever to the landscape ___53___ which I was making the trip. The storm could not last forever and the discomfort was not unendurable. Indeed, there was much to look at which might ___54___ have escaped me. As I gazed about with sharpened ___55___, I saw colours and lines and shapes that would have appeared differently under brilliant light. The rain mists (薄雾) which now ___56___ the wooded hills and the fresh clearness of the different greens were entrancing (迷人的). My annoyance at the rain was gone and my eagerness to ___57___ it disappeared. It had provided me with a new view and helped me understand that the ___58___ of beauty and satisfaction may be found close at hand within the ___59___ of o ne’s own sensibilities.It made me think, then and later, about other matters to which this incident was related. It helped me realize that there is no sense in my ___60___ ever to flee from circumstances and conditions which cannot be avoided but which I might bravely ___61___ and frequently mend and often turn to good account. I know that half the battle is won if I can face trouble with courage, __62__ with spirit, and triumph with humility. It has become ever clearer to me that danger is far from disaster, that defeat may be the forerunner of final ___63___, and that, in the last analysis, all achievement is dangerously weak ___64___ based on enduring principles of moral conduct.50. A. ask B. relate C. understand D. call51. A. easy B. likely C. impossible D. comfortable52. A. before B. after C. as D. while53. A. in front of B. on account of C. for the sake of D. at the convenience of54. A. therefore B. consequently C. accordingly D. otherwise55. A. puzzle B. appreciation C. wisdom D. shock56. A. crowned B. covered C. swept D. floated57. A. enjoy B. embrace C. surround D. escape58. A. resources B. sources C. causes D. courses59. A. comprehension B. distance C. range D. help60. A. requesting B. waiting C. attempting D. expecting61. A. meet B. avoid C. decline D. change62. A. happiness B. joy C. disappointment D. surprise63. A. failure B. victory C. relief D. decision64. A. if B. though C. until D. unlessSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Many children first learn the value of money by receiving an allowance (pocket money). The purpose is to let children learn from experience at an age when financial mistakes are not very costly.The amount of money that parents give to their children to spend as they wish differs from family to family. Timing is another consideration. Some children get a weekly allowance. Others get a monthly allowance.In any case, parents should make clear what, if anything, the child is expected to pay for with themoney.At first, young children may spend all of their allowance soon after they receive it. If they do this, they will learn the hard way that spending must be done within a budget. Parents are usually advised not to offer more money until the next allowance.The object is to show young people that a budget demands choices between spending and saving. Older children may be responsible enough to save money for larger costs, like clothing or electronics.Many people who have written on the subject of allowances say it is not a good idea to pay your child for work around the home. These jobs are a normal part of family life.Paying children to do extra work around the house, however, can be useful. It can even provide an understanding of how a business works.Allowances give children a chance to experience the things they can do with money. They can share it in the form of gifts or giving to a good cause. They can spend it by buying things they want. Or they can save and maybe even invest it.Saving helps children understand that costly goals require sacrifice: you have to cut costs and plan for the future.Requiring children to save part of their allowance can also open the door to future saving and investing. Many banks offer services to help children and teenagers learn about personal finance.A savings account is an excellent way to learn about the power of compound interest. Compounding works by paying interest on interest. So, for example, one dollar invested at two percent interest for two years will earn two cents in the first year. The second year, the money will earn two percent of one dollar and two cents, and so on.That may not seem like a lot. But over time it adds up.65. Why are children given an allowance?A. To keep the custom of giving.B. To let them pay for their own favourites.C. To give them a chance to spend money however they like.D. To provide them with a chance to experience money matters.66. What will children learn when they spend all the allowance soon after they receive it?A. They will find that spending is the hardest thing to do.B. They will learn that spending should be planned beforehand.C. They will know that spending is not so hard as they have imagined.D. They begin to understand that spending should be done as hard as they can.67. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of saving money?A. It enables children to get better bank services.B. It opens the door to future savings.C. It enables children to learn to invest in the future.D. It helps children understand costly goals require sacrifice.(B)A brand is a name, word, sign, symbol, design, or a combination of these, intended to identify the goods or services of a company or a group of companies. Another purpose of a brand is to contrast one company from another. The most important skill of professional marketers is the ability to create, maintain, protect, and enhance the brands of their products and services. Branding has become so important that today hardly any company or product is without one. Therefore, brand management is an increasingly important element in marketing.Brand power refers to the relative strength of a company’s brand in the minds of cons umers, and can influence consumers’ choice of products. Brands are powerful to the extent that they give high brand loyalty and strong brand associations, name recognition, perceived quality and other assets to a company. A strong brand can be one of a com pany’s most important assets.High brand power provides a company with many competitive advantages. A powerful brand enjoys a high level of consumer brand awareness and loyalty. Because consumers expect stores to carry the brand, the company has more bargaining power when negotiating with retailers (零售商). And because the brand name brings high credibility, a company with a strong brand can more easily launch new products with the same brand name.Many companies use the advantage of a strong brand power strategically to expand theirbusiness. When a company introduces an additional item with a new flavour, form, colour or package size in a given product category and under the same brand name, it is called a line extension. Another strategy is called brand extension. This involves the use of a successful brand name to launch new or modified products in a new category, thereby employing brand recognition in order to increase sales of new products.Brand recognition is certainly important. Because consumers often hold long-standing perceptions about brands, high brand power ensure a company continued sales of its products.68. What does the word “assets” in the 2nd paragraph mean?A. pointsB. advantagesC. aspectsD. elements69. All of the following statements are the advantages of a high brand power EXCEPT that______.A. a high brand wins the loyalty of consumersB. a high brand usually sets a much higher priceC. it’s easy for a high brand company to launch new productsD. a high brand company is more competitive when doing business with retailers70. A brand extension ______.A. happens when the company is developing a new productB. means the expansion of a company’s business in its established fieldC. takes place when the company introduces a similar item but with a new colourD. refers to the use of an established brand name to promote a new product in a new category71. What might be the best title of this passage?A. Brand PowerB. Famous BrandsC. Company BrandsD. Brand Products(C)There is a famous story about British poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge. He was writing a poem when he was interrupted by a knock at the door.This was an age before the telephone. Someone was delivering a message. When Coleridge got back to his poem, he had lost his inspiration. His poetic mood had been broken by the knockon his door. His unfinished poem, which could otherwise have been a masterpiece, would now never be more than a fragment (片段).This story tells how unexpected communication can destroy an important thought. That brings us to the invention of the cellphone.The most common complaint about cellphones is that people talk on them to the annoyance of people around them. But mo re damaging may be the cellphone’s disruption (中断) of our thoughts.We have already entered a golden age of little white lies about our cellphones, and this is by and large a healthy, protective development. “I didn’t hear it ring” or “I didn’t realize m y phone had shut off” are among the lies we tell to give ourselves space where we’re beyond reach.The notion of being unreachable is not a new concept —we have “Do Not Disturb” signs on the doors of hotel rooms. So why must we feel guilty when it comes to cellphones? Why must we apologize if we decide to shut off the cellphone for a while?The problem is that we come from a long-established tradition of difficulty with distance communication. Until the recent mass use of cellphones, it was easy to communicate with someone next to us or a few feet away, but difficult with someone across town, the country or the globe. We came to take it for granted.But cellphones make long-distance communication common, and endanger our time by ourselves. Now time alone, or a conversation with someone next to us which cannot be interrupted by a phone, is something to be cherished (珍惜). Even cellphone devotees, myself usually included, can’t help at times wanting to throw their phones away, or curse the day they were invented.But we don’t and won’t, and there really is no need. All that’s required to take back our private time is a general social recognition that we have the right to it.In other words, we have to develop a healthy contempt (轻视) for the rings of our own phones. Given the ease of making and receiving cellphone calls, if we don’t talk to the caller right now, we surely will shortly later.A cellphone call deserves no greater priority than a random word from the person next to us. Though the call on my cellphone may be the one-in-a-million from Steven Spielberg — whohas finally read my novel and wants to make it h is next movie. But most likely it is not, and I’m better off thinking about the idea I just had for a new story, or the slice of pizza I’ll eat for lunch.72. What is the point of the story about the poet Coleridge?A. To direct readers’ attention to th e main topic.B. To attract readers’ attention to read his poems.C. To show how important inspiration is to a poet.D. To emphasize the disadvantage of not having a cellphone.73. Why does the writer mention the “Do Not Disturb” sign?A. To encourage us to use the cellphone as much as we can.B. To persuade us not to worry about the ring of the cellphone.C. To inform us that the cellphone is not to be disturbed in our life.D. To ask us to make an apology when we don’t answer the cellphone call.74. What does the underlined word “it” (Paragraph 7) most probably refer to?A. answering a call from afarB. talking to friend next to usC. using the cellphone to chat with friendsD. communicating to keep the long-established friendship75. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. Cellphones require more attention than any other invention.B. We sometimes throw the phone away when it is too disturbing.C. The writer would rather continue his own work than be interrupted by the ring.D. We should give priority to the cellphone as it has brought us so much convenience.Section CDirections: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which is not needed.A. The way to get involvedB. Websites to check outC. Join a forum you are interested inD. Describe your personal interestE. Online dos and dont’sF. Online informationPeople are always saying that you should make friends with native speakers to practise the lang uage. Now in the Internet age, that’s much easier.The best way to strike up a friendship with English speakers online is to find those you share a common interest with. If you’re able to discuss a hobby like movies or basketball together it will be much easier to start those friendships.Getting involved in a forum based on your interests is also a great way to learn words that you might never have met in class. Different people may join different groups or forums, and you have to find the one that suits your case.So, where do you go to find English speakers with like-minded interests? The most obvious places to look are Google and Yahoo. These popular Internet sites are bursting with groups and forums.Once you’ve found a group that sui ts you, spend some time thinking about what you want to say in your first post. It’s a good idea to introduce yourself, give your nickname and age, say where you’re from, and tell what your interests are.This is generally the fastest way to get involved in a forum and to introduce yourself to others. On a movie forum you could ask something like, “I’ve just seen the movie Revolutionary Road. I thought it was brilliant. Has anyone read the book?”l : To find someone to talk to using Skype, check out his site. Simply put Skype in the search engine and that will bring up the many people who have posted a desire to practice their English using Skype. Its chatrooms are also good places to find English speakers.l : The website is an online language exchange community. There are even lesson plans to help structure the conversation.l /en: The British Council’s English online website is another place with lively forums worth checking out. Or you could join a Facebook group. There are thousands on the website.One common mistake people make when they approach English speakers online is to begin by saying that they want to be friends to improve their English.While this may be the truth, don’t say it. It suggests you have little interest in a real friendship. Be imaginative in approaching people. Perhaps you see that someone is from a certain country that you would like to visit. Tell them so, and then ask if they can tell you a bit about it. Then tell them about yours.Section DDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.A loving person lives in a loving world. A hostile person lives in a hostile world. Everyone you meet is your mirror. Mirrors have a very particular function. They reflect the image in front of them. Just as a physical mirror serves as the vehicle to reflection, so do all of the people in our lives.When we see something beautiful such as a flower garden, that garden serves as a reflection. In order to see the beauty in front of us, we must be able to see the beauty inside of ourselves. When we love someone, it’s a reflection of loving ourselves. We have often heard things like “I love how I am when I’m with that person.” That simply translates into “I’m able to love me when I love that other person.” Oftentimes, when we meet someone new, we feel as though we “click (一见如故)”. Sometimes it’s as if we’ve known each other for a long ti me. That feeling can come from sharing similarities.Just as the “mirror” or other person can be a positive reflection, it is more likely that we’llnotice it when it has a negative connotation (含义). For example, it’s easy to remember times when we have met someone we’re not particularly crazy about. We may have some criticism in our mind about the person. This is especially true when we get to know someone with whom we would rather spend less time.Frequently, when we dislike qualities in other people, ironically, it’s usually the mirror that’s speaking to us.I began questioning myself further each time I encountered someone that I did not particularly like. Each time, I asked myself, “What is it about that person that I don’t like?” and then “Is there something similar in me?” In every instance, I could see a piece of that quality in me, and sometimes I had to really get very introspective (反省的). So what did that mean?It means that just as I can get annoyed or disturbed when I notice that aspect in someone else, I better re-examine my character and consider making some changes. Even if I’m not willing to make a drastic change, at least I consider how I might modify some of the things that I’m doing.At times we meet someone new and feel distant, disconnected, or disgusted. Although we don’t want to believe it, it can be a great learning lesson to figure out what part of the person is being reflected in you. It’s simply just another way to create more self-awareness.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN 12 WORDS.)81. Everyone we meet is our mirror because ______.82. ______ is the reflection of our loving others.83. How can we benefit from a person who has the qualities that we don’t like?84. What can we do to develop our self-awareness when we meet someone new and feel distant, disconnected or disgusted?第II卷I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 不久我们就要上大学了。

带听力上海黄浦二模卷带答案.

黄浦区中考2012 二模试卷Part2 Vocabulary and Grammar （第二部分词汇与语法）II. Choose the best answer（选择最恰当的答案）：（共20分）31. Southwold, a seaside town in England, has ________ history of more than thirteen centuries.A. /B. aC. anD. the32. To meet the needs of people from different countries, that book was published _________ different languages.A. atB. toC. inD. on33. Some people think that the grass is greener on _______ side of the hill.A. anotherB. otherC. othersD. the other34. I didn’t sleep well last night because there was too much ________ on the road.A. bicycleB. accidentC. trafficD. car35. The young man fell in love with a _____ girl and they got married two months later.A. lovelyB. happilyC. gentlyD. beautifully36. It is hard to say which subject is _______ than the others in the coming years.A. usefulB. more usefulC. most usefulD. the most useful37. The government has done a lot, _______ some young people are still not satisfied with their life.A. andB. forC. butD. so38. Y ou will achieve great success, ________ you have a dream and believe in it.A. afterB. althoughC. untilD. if39. Y ou ______ worry about your son. He can take care of himself.A. can’tB. may notC. mustn’tD. needn’t40. Let’s enjoy the days with our classmates. We _______ our junior high school in two months.A. will finishB. are finishingC. have finishedD. had finished41. Whitney Houston, one of the most popular female singers, ________ on February 12, 2012.A. diesB. was dyingC. diedD. has died42. Google’s Street V iew map service ________ millions of users since 2007.A. winsB. wonC. is winningD. has won43. Hurry up. Once the concert starts, nobody ________ to enter the concert hall.A. allowsB. allowedC. is allowedD. is allowing44. Almost all students in Junior Three are busy _______ for the coming final exam.A. prepareB. preparingC. preparedD. to prepare45. To improve our English, our teacher asks us _________ English newspapers every day.A. readingB. to readC. readD. reads46. Nobody knows ________ player will win the game until the last moment.A. whichB. whenC. howD. where47. More and more people _______ moving to small towns for a change in life.A. beB. isC. amD. are48. ________ exciting it is to travel around the world by bike!A. HowB. How aC. WhatD. What a49. –Let’s go to get a pizza and a glass of orange juice.-- ___________.A. No, thanks.B. Good idea.C. Y es, please.D. Ok, I will.50. –Y ou look so beautiful in your new dress.-- ________.A. Thank youB. No, I don’tC. I agree with you.D. I don’t think so.III. Complete the following passage, with the words or phrases in the box. Each can only be used once. (将下列单词或词组填入空格，每空格限填一词，注意有一个多余选项)A in the pastB saferC carefullyD spendE weakF decisionG look afterH causeI dangerAs every parent knows, if you have children, you worry about them all the time. However, it seems that these days we’re worrying about our kids a lot more than we used to. Are we trying to protect our children too much and will this _____51_____ problems for them in later life?“Kids in the UK used to walk to school every day _____52_____but these days parents don’t let their children go out on their own in case something bad happens to them,” said Dr. Andy Hallert, a childcare expert. “If children stay in doors all the time, they become _____53____.This means they often have health problems in later life.”The _____54_____of letting your kids go out by themselves is smaller than you might think. “The media(媒体) makes parents worry about children safety.” Says Julie Benz, a childcare expert. “But children are __55__now than they have ever been. If parents want their kids to grow up healthy, they shouldn’t protect them so much. Children need to make _____56_____themselves.”Over 27% of British children are now overweight ,partly because they _____57_____too much of their free time playi ng computer games and watching TV. “I can understand why parents are worried,” says Julie Benz, “But if kids never go outside, they can’t learn to _____58_____themselves in the real world.”So far, we can learn that if you want happy and healthy kids, give them back their freedom.IV. Complete the sentences with the given words in their suitable forms(用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子，每空格限填一词)59. Thanks-giving Day falls on the ___________Thursday in November. (four)60. Most Chinese people think that 8 is a __________number. (luck)61. This kind of grass is __________used to deal with toothache in that area. ( wide)62. Nowadays many people share __________with their friends on the Internet. (photo)63. The old lady gave half of her money to the homeless, although she is not rich_________.(she)64. At the _________ of last century, people in China lived in darkness. （begin）65. It’s great fun to watch the beautiful stars in the sky on _________night in autumn.(clearly)66. To keep fit, we should get rid of _________ eating habits and do more exercise. (healthy)V. Rewrite the following sentences as required(根据所给要求，改写下列句子，每空格限填一词)67. Many people in Japan lose their family in the earthquake last March.（改为一般疑问句）__________ many people in Japan _________ their family in the earthquake last March?68. It takes about three days to get to the moon by spaceship. (对划线部分提问)__________ _________does it takes to get to the moon by spaceship?69. The little boy has never seen a real panda with his own eyes. (改为反义疑问句)The little boy has never seen a real panda with his own eyes, _________ _________?70. Someone will give a speech on natural science this afternoon.A speech on natural science will___________ ____________ this afternoon.71. Desktop computer are made up of the three main parts.(保持句意基本不变)Desktop computers usually _________ _________ three main parts.72. Six-month-old babies are not old enough to tell the difference between need and want.（保持句意基本不变）Six-month-old babies are __________ __________ to tell the difference between need and want.73. Does anyone know the answer to the question? The maths teacher wonders.（合并为一句）The maths teacher wonders __________ anyone __________ the answer to the questionPart 3 Reading and Writing (第三部分读写)VI. Reading comprehension (阅读理解)：(共50分)A.Choose the best answer (根据短文内容,选择最恰当的答案)：(12分)"Everything happens for the best," my mother said whenever I faced disappointment. "If you can carry on, one day something good will happen. "After graduating from college in 1932,I decided to try for a job in radio, then work my way up to sports announcer(播音员). I took the bus to Chicago and knocked on the door of every station. but I was refused every time.In one studio(演播室), a nice lady told me that big stations didn't want to accept inexperienced person-"Go to the countryside and find a small station that'll give you a chance," she said.I returned home, Dixon in Illinois. While there were no radio-announcing jobs in Dixon, my father sad Smith Ward had opened a store and wanted a local sportsman to manage its sports department. Since I had played high school football in Dixon, I applied. The job sounded just right for me. But I still failed in the interview.At that moment, mom's words came to my mind: "Everything happens for the best." Dad offered me the car to look for a job. I tried WOC Radio in Davenport in Iowa. The program director, named Peter MacArthur, told me they had already hired an announcer.As I left his office, I felt frustrated . I asked aloud, "How can a man become a sport announcer if he can't get a job in a radio station?"I was waiting for the lift when I heard MacArthur calling, "What did you say about sports? Do you know anything about football?" Then he made me stand before a microphone (麦克风)and asked me to broadcast an imaginary（想象的）game. As a result, I did a wonderful job and was told to broadcast Saturday's game!On my way home, I thought of my mother's words again: "Everything happens for the best if you carry on, one day something good will happen.74.The writer wanted to be __________.A a managerB a sports announcerC a sportsmanD a program director75.After the writer graduated from college, he tried to look for a job __________ at first.A In ChicagoB In DixonC In DavenportD In Illinois76.The writer couldn't find a job in Dixon because__________.A he had played high school footballB he did not pass the interviewC he dad no working experienceD he had no interest in the job77.The underlined word "frustrated" means__________.A tiredB pleasedC excitedD disappointed78.The writer was encouraged to realize his dream all the way by _________.A his mother's wordsB the nice lady's suggestionC his father's helpD the program director’s advice79.The passage mainly tells us that __________.A it is hard to find a jobB mother's help is necessaryC we should hope for the bestD life is full of disappointedB. Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage (选择最恰当的单词或词语完成短文)：(12分)What do you do if you're left on a lonely island? Surely you need to find a way to_____80______ the outside world. Y our best chance of doing this is to draw the attention of a passing plane.Body signals（信号）Pilots from different countries understand body signals if they have the correct _____81_____. When you wave your arms up and down in a straight line, it means "yes". When you point downwards and wave your arm from side to side, it means "no".Smoke signalsThe smoke from a fire can be seen from far away, so it's a good way to attract attention. If the weather is dry, it isn't____82_____to start a fire. But remember that fires can be very dangerous if they get out of control. Never make a fire ____83____you're sure that it can't spread. If the ground is dark, light smoke can be seen more easily. Green grass and leaves produce light smoke.Ground-to-air signalsIt's a good idea to _____84_____ some signals, too. Use large pieces of wood to make the symbols(标记). If you can't find any wood, use earth(泥土). Some useful symbols are:F --I need food and water."II --I need medicine."I --I am badly hurt."X--I am unable to move from here."Pilots' repliesIf the pilot lowers the plane's _____85_____from side to side, this means "message received and understood". If the pilot flies the plane in a clockwise(顺时针) circle, this means "message received but not understood"80. A. keep in touch with B. make friends C. get along D. shake hands81. A. sight B. test C. training D. flight82. A. possible B. difficult C. necessary D. important83. A. since B. whether C. unless D. after84. A. warn B. build C. read D. watch85. A. windows B. chairs C. doors D. wingsC. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words.(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）：（14分）Once my mother told me a story. In Africa, when an antelope (羚羊) wakes up every morning, the first thing it thinks about is, “ I must be able to run fa ster than the fastest lion, or I will be k_________. ” At the same time, a lion wakes from his dream. The first thing the lion thinks about is, “I must be able to catch the s__________ antelope, or I will die of hunger.” So, almost at the same time, the an telope and the lion get up and start running toward the rising sun.This is life: full of chances and challenge (挑战). Whether you are an antelope or a lion, you must go a_________ when the sun rises. For students, it is just the same. If we do not study hard, sooner or later, we will fall b_________ the other students. A t first, I did not know what the word “exam” meant. Later I knew an exam was a kind of competition. In competitions, there are always w_________ and losers. As I grew up, I got to know competition well. In one’s life, there must be competitions, so people can improve.Each time I saw children playing games and heard their laughter, I wished I were that age again. However, I remembered my parents’ words: “Y ou must work very hard in order to have a good f__________.” So I picked up my pen and began to study hard again.I was still not sure what competition really meant. One day, I was taking part in an English-speaking competition. When I went to the stage, I saw other students looking at me kindly. I s__________ knew what competition was. It is not as cruel as my teacher and parents told me. In fact, competition is the opposite: it is kind and necessary.I learned a lot from realizing this fact. Now I understand more about the world. Competition is important for us all.D. Answer the questions (根据短文内容回答下列问题)：(12分)Jessica and Joyce were best friends in junior grade three. They did almost everything together. Then one day, after a misunderstanding (误解), Joyce stopped talking to Jessica. For more than three months, Joyce refused to talk to Jessic a or answer her notes. “During that time, I found out what a important friend she was,” Jessica says, “I couldn’t even give all my attention to my study, I just thought about how to heal (修复) our friendship. ”The next term, Jessica tried again. This time, Joyce was also happy to work it out. It took some time and hard work,but the friendship was healed.Most of us have suffered the pain of broken friendship. But the good news is that most friendships can be healed. Oxford professor Michael Argyle recently finished a 15-year study that found out what makes people happy. What did he find? The key to happiness is having one close relationship and a network of friends. Other studies show that our social connections make us healthier. Keeping healthy friendship is worth the hard work!If there’s broken friendship you’d like to heal, try the following advice:·Try to see things from your friend’s point of view.·Talk about the problem openly and kindly.At first, Jessica didn’t understand why Joyce stopped talking to her. Then Joyce finally explained that Jessica’s trick make her upset. “I finally found out she was angry because I made fun of her in front of the boys in our class.” Jessica explained. Jessica meant nothing by her trick and thought it shou ldn’t make Joyce upset. But when she realized that it was embarrassing(令人难堪的) to Joyce, she stopped. Then their friendship could heal.It’s not strange for friendships to change. Problems come when one friend tries to keep on while the other friend lets go. If your friend isn’t ready to work things out, accept it and move on.93. Why did Joyce and Jessica stop talking to each other?___________________________________________________________________________94. How did Jessica feel when Joyce didn’t want to talk to her?___________________________________________________________________________95. After some time and hard work, Jessica and Joyce became friends again, didn’t they?___________________________________________________________________________96. According to Michael Argyle’s study, what is the key to happiness?___________________________________________________________________________97. Is it strange or common for friendship to change?___________________________________________________________________________98. If your best friend does not talk to you, what will you do?___________________________________________________________________________Ⅶ. Writing (作文)：（共20分）99. Write at least 60 words about the topic “The hero in my eyes”.( 以“我眼中的英雄”为题写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格。

上海2012英语二模定语从句

2012上海英语高考2模定语从句汇总1.Alexander said that he would found an institution ____________ any person could receiveinstruction in any study. （长宁区）A.whereB.whichC.thatD.how2. It was from the wallets of these poor people that cigarette makers are determined to makemoney by promoting goods ________ are labeled by the WHO as dangerous to health.（崇明县）A. whereB. whichC. whatD. as3. “Ungelivable” is so new an English word coined on the Internet ______ is forbidden to appearin official media or documents at present. （奉贤区）A. thatB. whichC. itD. as4. The old man took the policemen back to the same place ______ he had witnessed the robbery. （虹口区）A. thatB. whereC. asD. when5. Applicants _____ first language is not English are required to achieve a satisfactory standardin University-approved Test in English. （黄浦区）A. whoseB. in whichC. whoD. that6. Some people wear masks only in crowds, _____ they expect to come into contact with lots ofgerms. （静安杨浦青浦宝山）A. whichB. whenC. whereD. as7. Can you think of some cases ______ drivers obviously knew the traffic rules but didn’t obey them? （闵行区）A. whyB. asC. whereD. which8. Now it’s been possible for us to be taken into “space”, ______we can experienceweightlessness for a short time. （浦东新区）A. whichB. whenC. whereD. that9. The physicist has made a discovery, _____ is of great importance to the progress of science and technology.（普陀区）A. I think whichB. that I thinkC. which I thinkD. which I think it10. The Campaign of Occupying Wall Street is a reflection of the contradictions(矛盾) _____exist in the society of the US. （徐汇、松江、金山）A. on whichB. thatC. whereD. whose11. A former billionaire has blown his entire fortune on saving old objects and houses _________he is turning into China's largest private folk art museum.（闸北区）A. whereB. whichC. whatD. how12. People choose to have a haircut for a refreshing start on the second day of the second lunarmonth because it is the day ________ the dragon awakens and raises its head.（杨浦区）A. thatB. whichC. whenD. whose1。

【首发】上海市2012届高三二模考试英语汇编阅读C篇Word版含答案

2012届上海市高三二模英语试卷——C篇(崇明)(C)Lots of bacteria can grow in the seemingly unfriendly environment under glaciers(冰川), a region formerly considered free of much biology. This finding by glaciologists working in Switzerland could help solve some puzzles of the last ice age and point the way for finding life on other planets.Bacteria with odd lifestyles have been under increasing study lately, with most research focused on the species which prefer hot homes. The new study shifts attention to the other end of the thermometer(温度计). The exciting thing is the idea of pushing the window of acceptable bacterial environments a little bit farther open.Researchers have previously collected small numbers of bacteria from ice in Antarctica and Greenland, but they could not determine whether these were active bacteria or just frozen cells blown in by wind. In contrast, the earth beneath two Swiss glaciers harbors large colonies of bacteria—hundreds of millions of cells per gram—that appear to be growing at 0℃.Scientists followed upon these findings by taking samples of ice, water, and earth at two mountain glaciers. They found that earth beneath the glaciers contained much larger populations of bacteria than did surface and inner part of ice. Those findings indicate that the bacteria were growing at the bottom of the glacier and are not something washed in while the scientists drilled through the ice.Looking at the bacteria under a microscope(显微镜), the researchers found that many were in the process of dividing, and healthy under the ice. The bacteria might break down minerals and plant remains originally buried beneath the glacier or later washed in by water going slowly through the ice, scientists say.“Some of the assumptions we have made in the past now must be seriously questioned,” say researchers. “If bacteria can live under glaciers on Earth, why not on other planets? The new study points out in many ways that the bottoms of glaciers are probably quite good environments from the point of view of bacteria. So, maybe the bottom of the ice sheets on other planets would be a sensible place to try if you’re going to look for life on them.”72. What is special about the new study on bacteria?A. It focuses on the bacteria in hot environments.B. It opens the windows of the bacterial labs wider.C. It pays more attention to the bacteria in the thermometer.D. It changes scientists’ view about the environment bacteria exist in.73. Which of the following facts proves that bacteria under glaciers are alive?A. Water is going slowly through the ice.B. The drills used by scientists are free of bacteria.C. Many of the bacteria are in the process of dividing.D. The earth beneath the glacier contains more bacteria.74. From the passage we can learn that ________.A. bacteria disappear in the inner part of iceB. bacteria must be also alive on other planetsC. bacteria can grow in extreme weathersD. bacteria grow by breaking themselves down75. The passage is mainly about the possibility of the existence of life _________.A. under the seaB. in hot waterC. on other planetsD. under glaciersC篇D CCD(奉贤)(C)The gift of being able to describe a face accurately is a rare one, as every experienced police officer knows to his cost. As the Lancet put it recently, “When we try to describe faces precisely,words fail us, and we resort to identikit (拼脸型图) procedures.”Yet, according to one authority on the subject, we can each probably recognize more than 1,000 faces, the majority of which differ in fine details. This, when one comes to think of it, is a tremendous feat, though, curiously enough, relatively little attention has been devoted to the fundamental problems of how and why we acquire this gift for recognizing and remembering faces. Is it an inborn property of our brains, or an acquired one? As so often happens, the experts tend to differ.Th us, some argue that it is inborn, and that there are “special characteristics about the brain’s ability to distinguish faces”. In support of this, they note how much better we are at recognizing a face after a single encounter than we are, for example, in recognizing an individual horse. On the other hand, there are those, and they are probably in the majority, who claim that the gift is an acquired one.The arguments in favor of this latter view, it must be confessed, are impressive. It is a habit that is acquired soon after birth. Watch, for instance, how a quite young baby recognizes his mother by sight. Granted that his other senses help – the sound, his sense of smell, the distinctive way she handles him. But of all these, sight is predominant. Formed at the very beginning of life, the ability to recognize faces quickly becomes an established habit, and one that is, essential for daily living, if not necessarily for survival. How essential and valuable it is we probably do not appreciate until we encounter people who have been deprived of the faculty.This unfortunate inability to recognize familiar faces is known to all, but such people can often recognize individuals by their voices, their walking manners or their spectacles. With typical human ingenuity, many of these unfortunate people overcome their handicap by recognizing other characteristic features.72. It is stated in the passage that ______.A. it is unusual for a person to be able to identify a face satisfactorilyB. the ability to recognize faces unhesitatingly is an unusual giftC. quite a few people can visualize faces they have seenD. few people can give exact details of the appearance of a face73. What the author feels strange about is that _______.A. people have the tremendous ability to recognize more than 1,000 facesB. people don’t think much of the problem of how and why we acquire the ability to recognizeand remember facesC. people don’t realize how essential and valuable it is for them to have the ability to recognizefacesD. people have been arguing much over the way people recognize and remember faces74. What is the first suggested explanation of the origin of the ability?A. It is one of the characteristics peculiar to human beings.B. It is acquired soon after birth.C. It is something we can do from the very moment we are born.D. It is learned from our environment and experiences.75. This passage seems to emphasize that ______.A. the ability to recognize individuals is dependent on other senses as well as sightB. sight is indispensable (必需的) to recognizing individualsC. the ability to recognize faces is a special inborn ability of the brainD. the importance of the ability of recognizing faces is fully appreciated by people.72—75 DBCA(虹口)(C)There are a couple of ways to forecast the destructive potential of a hurricane (飓风) so that people in the way can take adequate precautions (预防措施). Satellite images of cloud patterns can be analyzed to estimate peak wind speeds, but the estimates are often way off the mark. Specialized aircraft can fly into a storm to measure the winds directly, but the flights are costly.Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology come up with a third way: listening to a storm underwater.In a paper to be published in Geophysical Research Letters, Nicholas C. Makris and a former graduate student, Joshua D. Wilson, report a strong connection between the intensity(强度) of sound recorded by an undersea microphone in the mid-Atlantic and the wind power of a hurricane that passed over it. They say that such microphones, known as hydrophones, could be a safe and relatively inexpensive means of estimating hurricane force.Dr. Makris and Dr. Wilson, who are now with Applied Physical Sciences Corporation, worked out the theory of underwater acoustic (声音的) monitoring of storms in a 2005 paper. “To be very frank with you, it’s a mystery what makes storms noisy underwater.”Dr. Makris said. The most popular idea currently is that it has something to do with oscillating air bubbles (气泡振动).The researchers then went looking for experimental data to back their theory, and found it from a hydrophone placed at a depth of 2,500 feet by the National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration. It happened that Hurricane Gert passed over the area in September 1999, and a hurricane-hunter plane directly measured the wind speed at the same time. The hydrophone data showed sound intensity risi ng when the storm’s outside wind “wall” passed over, and again when the inside wall, the most destructive part of the storm near the eye, passed over. “We got a beautiful connection,” Dr. Makris said, “between the hydrophone data and the actual wind speeds as measured by the aircraft.”Dr. Makris is conducting additional experiments, working with the Mexican Navy off the west coast of Mexico. The eventual goal, he said, would be permanent hydrophones in known hurricane zones or temporary ones that could be easily laid by plane or ship in the path of a coming storm.72. Compared with the traditional methods, the new way of measuring is_____.A. more expensiveB. more directC. less dangerousD. less accurate73. Which statement is WRONG according to the article?A. The scientists gained support from different fields.B. Dr. Makris and Dr. Wilson have figured out what makes storms noisy underwater.C. The scientists have found the relationship between the changes of sound intensity and theforce of the hurricane.D. There are several ways for people to forecast the force of the coming hurricane.74. Why is Dr. Makris now making other experiments with the help of the Mexican Navy off thewest coast of Mexico?A. To place permanent hydrophones in some zones.B. To collect more images of cloud patterns.C. To be secure in carrying out their experiments.D. To get more information from the hurricane-hunter planes.75. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Ways to Stop the Destructive Force of a HurricaneB. Connection between the Intensity of Sound and the Wind Power of a HurricaneC. Hydrophones, Safe but Expensive Means of Estimating Hurricane ForceD. Measuring a Hurricane by Sound Underwater72-75: CBAD（黄浦、嘉定）(C)The coast of the State of Maine is one of the most irregular in the world. A straight line running from the southernmost coastal city to the northernmost coastal city would measure about 225 miles. If you followed the coastline between these points, you would travel more than ten times as far. This irregularity is the result of what is called a drowned coastline. The term comes from the glacial（冰川的）activity of the Ice Age. At that time, the whole area that is now Maine was part of a mountain range that towered above the sea. As the glacier descended, however, it applied enormous force on those mountains, and they sank into the sea.As the mountains sank, ocean water charged over the lowest parts of the remaining land. And the highest parts of the former mountain range, nearest the shore, remained as islands. Marine fossils found here are 225 feet above sea level indicating the level of the shoreline prior to the glacier.The 2,500-mile-long rocky and jagged coastline of Maine keeps watch over nearly 2,000 islands. Many of these islands are tiny and uninhabited, but many are home to blooming communities. Mt. Desert Island is one of the largest, most beautiful of the Maine coast islands left behind by the glacier. Measuring 16 miles by 12 miles, Mt. Desert was very nearly formed as two distinct islands. It is split almost in half by Somes Sound, a very deep and very narrow stretch of water seven miles long.For years, Mt. Desert Island, particularly its major settlement, Bar Harbor, has afforded summer homes for the wealthy. Recently, though, Bar Harbor has become a new arts community as well. But the best part of the island is the unspoiled forest land known as Acadia National Park. Since the island sits on the border between two different geographical zones, the park supports the plants and animals of both zones. It also lies in a major bird migration lane and is a resting spot for many birds.The establishment of Acadia National park in 1916 means that this natural monument will be preserved and that it will be available to all people, not just the wealthy. Visitors to Acadia may receive nature instruction from the park naturalists as well as enjoy camping, hiking, cycling, andboating. Or they may choose to spend time at the museum learning about the Stone Age inhabitants of the island.72．The large number of small islands along the coast of Maine is the result of __________.A. the drowning of the Maine coastlineB. glacier’s forcing mountains into the seaC. the irregularity of the Maine coastlineD. ocean water’s flooding the mountain range73．From the passage, we learn that __________.A. the coastline of Maine is ten times longer after the Ice AgeB. there are more than 2500 islands along the Maine coastlineC. Mt. Desert Island has been broken apart by a 7-mile-long water stretchD. an arts community gave way to the summer homes on Mt. Desert Island74．What CANNOT be inferred about the Acadia Nation Park?A. It welcomes all the people, rich or poor.B. It has much appeal for bird-watching lovers.C. It offers visitors both entertainment and education.D. It is a border between the two geographical zones.75．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. The past and the present of MaineB. The formation of Maine coastlineC. Efforts for preserving national parksD. Tourist attractions on Mt. Desert Island72—75 BCDA（静安、杨浦、宝山、青浦）(C)Being less than perfectly well-dressed in a business setting can result in a feeling of great discomfort that may well require treatment to eliminate. And the sad truth is that “clothing mismatches” on the job can ruin the day of the person who is wearing the inappropriate attire(着装)—and the people with whom he or she comes in contact.Offices vary when it comes to dress codes. Some businesses have very high standards for their employees and set strict guidelines for office attire, while others maintain a more relaxed attitude. However, it is always important to remember that no matter what your company’s attitude is regarding what you wear, you are working in a business environment and you should dress properly. Certain items may be more appropriate for evening wear than for a business meeting, just as shorts and a T-shirt are better suited for the beach than for an office environment. Your attire should reflect both your environment and your position. A senior vice president has a different image to maintain than that of a secretary or sales assistant. Like it or not, you will be judged by your personal appearance.This is never more apparent than on “dress-down days”, when what you wear can say more about you than any business suit ever could. In fact, people will pay more attention to what you wear on dress-down days than on “business professional” days. Thus, when dressing in “business casual” clothes, try to put some good taste into your wardrobe choices, recognize that the “real”definition of business casual is to dress just one notch(等级) down from what you would normallywear of business-professional attire days.Remember, there are borders between your career and our social life. You should dress one way for play and another way when you mean business. Always ask yourself where you are going and how other people will be dressed when you get there. Is the final destination the opera, the beach, or the office? Dress properly and you will discover the truth in the principle that clothes make the man—and the woman. When in doubt, always misjudge on the side of dressing slightly more traditionally than the situation demands.72. What is the passage mainly about?A. How to dress properly in a business setting.B. A president of a company should dress differently from a secretary or sales assistant.C. The differences between professional and casual dress.D. Improper dress will make a person feel uncomfortable.73. Which of the following statements is true?A. Every company has strict rules regarding office dress.B. You can wear whatever you like if your company doesn’t have high standards for dressing.C. You should dress according to the business setting even when there are no fixed rules.D. In companies with relaxed rules on office dress, you can’t spot a manager among others.74. Which statement best describes “dress-down days”?A. On dress-down days, you can wear whatever you like.B. People’s clothes on dress-down days don’t receive much attention.C. We can’t judge a person’s taste by his clothes on dress-down days.D. People are usually more careful about what they wear on dress-down days than on otheroccasions.75. Which of the following is NOT the rule offered in the passage with regard to business dress?A. Remember to ask others for advice when you are not sure about what to dress.B. Think about how other guests will wear if you are invited to a dinner.C. For a business meeting and a concert, you should dress differently.D. Dress a bit traditionally if you are not sure about proper dress for a certain occasion.72—75 ACDA（闵行）(C)According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group in the United States. In the family traditional cultural patterns confer (授予) leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of "natural leaders." It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtuallyany person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group.Furthermore, although it is commonly supposed that social groups have a single leader, research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things done.”Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-beings of a social group’s members. Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them. Group members expect expressive leaders to maintain stable relationships within the group and provide support to individual members.Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give orders and may discipline group members who prohibit attainment (达到) of the group’s goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties or is subjected to discipline, are quick to lighten a serious moment with humor, and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the difference in these two roles suggests, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect.72. Which of the following statements about leadership can be inferred from paragraph 2?A. Few people succeed in sharing a leadership role with another person.B. A person who is an effective leader of a particular group may not be an effective leader inanother group.C. A person can best learn how to be an effective leader by studying research on leadership.D. Most people desire to be leaders but can produce little evidence of their qualifications.73. The passage indicates that instrumental leaders generally focus on ________.A. ensuring harmonious relationshipsB. sharing responsibility with group membersC. achieving a goalD. identifying new leaders74. A “secondary relationship” between a leader and the members of a group could best bedescribed as “________”.A. distantB. enthusiasticC. sympatheticD. personal75. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. The problems faced by leaders.B. How leadership differs in small and large groups.C. How social groups determine who will lead them.D. The role of leaders in social groups.72. B 73. C 74. A 75. D(浦东)（C）Longer Lives for Wild ElephantsMost people think of zoos as safe places for animals, where struggles such as difficulty finding food and avoiding predators don't exist. Without such problems, animals in zoos should live to a ripe old age.But that may not be true for the largest land animals on Earth. Scientists have known that elephants in zoos often suffer from poor health. They develop diseases, joint problems and behavior changes. Sometimes, they even become unable to have babies.To learn more about how captivity(监禁) affects elephants, a team of international scientists compared the life spans of female elephants born in zoos with female elephants living outdoors in their native lands. Zoos keep detailed records of all the animals in their care, documenting factors such as birth dates, illnesses, weight and death. These records made it possible for the researchers to analyze 40 years of data on 800 African and Asian elephants in zoos across Europe. The scientists compared the life spans of the zoo-born elephants with the life spans of thousands of female wild elephants in Africa and Asian elephants that work in logging camps(伐木场), over approximately the same time period.The team found that female African elephants born in zoos lived an average of 16.9 years. Their wild counterparts who died of natural causes lived an average of 56 years——more than three times as long. Female Asian elephants followed a similar pattern. In zoos, they lived 18.9 years, while those in the logging camps lived 41.7 years.Scientists don't yet know why wild elephants seem to live so much better than their zoo-raised counterparts. Georgia Mason, a biologist at the University of Guelph in Canada who led the study, thinks stress and obesity(肥胖) may be to blame. Zoo elephants don't get the same kind of exercise they would in the wild, and most are very fat. Elephant social lives are also much different in zoos than in the wild, where they live in large herds and family groups.Another finding from the study showed that Asian elephants born in zoos were more likely to die early than Asian elephants captured in the wild and brought to zoos. Mason suggests stress in the mothers in zoos might cause them to have babies that are less likely to survive.The study raises some questions about acquiring more elephants to keep in zoos. While some threatened and endangered species living in zoos reproduce successfully and maintain healthy populations, that doesn't appear to be the case with elephants.72. According to the first two paragraphs, unlike other zoo animals, zoo elephants _______ .A. have difficulty eating food.B. 1ive to a ripe old age.C. are not afraid of predators.D. develop health problems.73. Which of the following about the international scientists' research on the life spans of elephants is NOT true? (See paragraph 3)?A. They compared zoo elephants with wild elephants.B. They kept detailed records of all the elephants in their care.C. They analyzed the records of the elephants kept in zoos.D. The zoo-born elephants they studied are kept in European zoos.74. What do the scientists find in their research?A. Female elephants live longer than male elephants.B. Female zoo elephants live longer than their wild counterparts.C. Female zoo elephants die much earlier than their wild counterparts.D. Elephants in zoos and those in the wild enjoy the same long life spans.75. Which of the following does the author suggest in the last paragraph?A. It may not be a wise policy to keep elephants in the zoo.B. Elephants are no longer an endangered species.C. Zoo-born elephants should be looked after more carefully.D. Zoos should keep more animals except elephants.72--75. DBCA（普陀）(C)The French word renaissance means rebirth. It was first used in 1855 by the historian Jules Michelet in his History of France, then adopted by historians of culture, by art historians, and eventually by music historians, all of whom applied it to European culture during the 150 years spanning 1450-1600. The concept of rebirth was appropriate to this period of European history because of the renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman culture that began in Italy and then spread throughout Europe. Scholars and artists of this period wanted to restore the learning and ideals of the classical civilizations of Greece and Rome. To these scholars this meant a return to human. Fulfillment in life became a desirable goal, and expressing the entire range of human em otions and enjoying the pleasures of the senses were no longer “frowned on”. Artists and writers now turned to religious subject matter and sought to make their works understandable and appealing.These changes in outlook deeply affected the musical culture of the Renaissance period—how people thought about music as well as the way music was composed and experienced. They could see the architectural monuments, sculptures, plays, and poems that were being rediscovered, but they could not actually hear ancient music —although they could read the writings of classical philosophers, poets, essayists, and music theorists that were becoming available in translation. They learned about the power of ancient music to move the listener and wondered why modern music did not have the same effect. For example, the influential religious leader Bernardino Cirillo expressed disappointment with the learned music of his time. He urged musicians to follow the example of the sculptors, painters, architects, and scholars who had rediscovered ancient art and literature.The musical Renaissance in Europe was more a general cultural movement and state of mind than a specific set of musical techniques. Furthermore, music changed so rapidly during this century and a half —though at different rates in different countries—that we cannot define a single Renaissance style.72. The phrase "frowned on" in Para.1 is closest in meaning to ________.A. given upB. forgotten aboutC. argued aboutD. disapproved of73. It can be inferred from the passage that thinkers of the Renaissance were seeking a rebirth of_______.A. communication among artists across EuropeB. Green and Roman architecture and sculpturesC. a cultural emphasis on human valuesD. religious themes in art that were more abstract74. According to the passage, why was Bemardino Cirillo disappointed with the music of his time?A. It was not complex enough to appeal to musicians.B. It had little emotional impact on the audiences.C. It was too dependent on the art and literature of his time.D. It did not contain enough religious themes.75. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage as a reason for the absence of a singleRenaissance musical style?A. The musical Renaissance was defined by technique rather than style.B. The musical Renaissance was too short to give rise to a new musical style.C. Renaissance musicians adopted the styles of both Greek and Roman musicians.D. During the Renaissance, music never remained the same for very long.72-75DCBD（徐汇、金山）(C)People are looking for ways to reduce their carbon footprint. Purchasing property that is environmentally responsible is a good investment for those who are concerned about their own health and the well-being of the earth. Based on this trend, entire districts, known as eco-communities, are being designed with a green focus in mind. Dockside Green in Victoria, British Columbia is one of them.If everything goes according to plan, Dockside Green will be a self sufficient community along the harbour front of British Columbia's capital city. The community will be home to 2500 people and will consist of residential, office, and retail space. Builders of Dockside Green have the environment in mind with every choice they make. They ensure proper ventilation（通风）, and guarantee residents 100% fresh indoor air. Building materials, such as paints and wood, are natural and non-poisonous. Eco-conscious builders use bamboo wherever possible because it grows fast and does not require pesticides（杀虫剂）to grow.Energy efficiency is one of the top concerns in eco-communities, such as Dockside Green. Not only do energy efficient appliances and light fixtures（照明设备）reduce the environmental impact of heating and hot water, they also save residents and business owners money. Dockside Green claims that home owners will use 55% less energy than average residents in Canada. Residents will have individual water metres as studies show that people use around 20% less energy when they are billed for exactly what they use. In addition, water is treated at Dockside Green and reused on site for flushing（冲洗）toilets.Planners of eco-communities such as Dockside Green must take the future into account. Dockside Green plans on reusing 90% of its construction waste. They also plan to continue using local suppliers for all of their transport and maintenance needs. This is a great way to reduce emissions（排放）. Dockside residents will be encouraged to make use of a mini transportation system and buy into the community's car share program. Finally, plans are in the works for a high-tech heating system that will use renewable energy instead of fossil fuels (化石燃料).Dockside residents will benefit from excellent local services with high quality healthcare, shopping and education at the heart of the community, along with excellent recreation facilities and。

2012年上海市黄浦高三外语二模试卷及答案

黄浦区2012年高考模拟考英语试卷（完卷时间：120分钟满分：150分）2012年4月12日下午第I卷I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At a bakery. B. At a hotel.C. At a post office.D. At a birthday party.2. A. Librarian and student. B. Operator and caller.C. Boss and secretary.D. Customer and repairman.3. A. 30 minutes. B. 60 minutes.C. 90 minutes.D. 120 minutes.4. A. A best sailor. B. A latest book.C. A good business.D. An exciting story.5. A. By going on a diet. B. By eating fruit and vegetables.C. By having fewer meals.D. By doing physical exercise.6. A. It was interesting and easy to follow. B. It was far beyond his understanding.C. It was as difficult as he had expected.D. It was long but easy to understand.7. A. The traffic is always very heavy. B. The man needn‘t go to the airport.C. The subway is crowded at rush hours.D. The man had better take the subway.8. A. The woman prefers going out. B. The woman will make the decision.C. The man agrees with the woman.D. The man would rather stay inside.9. A. The man can tell Kelly the news the next day.B. The man shouldn‘t tell Kelly the news at school.C. The man should tell Kelly‘s brother the news.D. The man had better tell Kelly the news by himself.10. A. The match will be put off due to the rain.B. The rain isn‘t likely to influence the man‘s team.C. The result of the match is sure to be affected.D. The rain will help the man‘s team win the match.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. To get better jobs. B. To save more money.C. To move into a larger apartment.D. To receive further education.12. A. It had family-friendly politics. B. It owned a child-care center on site.C. It offered its staff excellent benefits.D. It rewarded employees with apartments.13. A. Satisfied. B. Surprised. C. Confused. D. Interested.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. In 1185. B. In 1209. C. In 1386. D. In 1836.15. A. Because many early learning centers were set up.B. Because Oxford and Cambridge were established.C. Because the largest expansion of universities occurred.D. Because independent universities came into existence.16. A. Definition of universities. B. Development of universities.C. Finance for universities.D. Donations for universities.Section CDirections:In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each blank.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. The key _____ success is to choose a right goal, plan your path and then get started.A. aboutB. ofC. toD. with26. Ask yourself whether you have a balance between work and play. Too much of one creates asacrifice or loss with _____.A. anotherB. the otherC. the othersD. others27. Scientists estimate that plants and animals lived _____ 3.5 billion years ago.A. as far asB. as many asC. as long asD. as old as28. Walking alone in the quiet town, Helen thought she _____ have invited John to enjoy the peacetogether.A. can‘tB. needn‘tC. shouldD. might29. I stayed up late doing my homework yesterday, so I had trouble _____ up early this morning.A. getB. gettingC. gotD. to get30. In the past two years, the number of campus bookstores offering rentals _____ from afew dozen to 1,500.A. jumpedB. had jumpedC. is jumpingD. has jumped31. The long-held belief _____ certain foods increase intelligence has turned out to be adisappointment.A. thatB. whetherC. whichD. why32. Not until the man in black took off his dark glasses _____ that he was the famous film star.A. did I realizeB. I realizedC. was I realizedD. I have realized33. Consumers are getting more sensible and buy only _____ they need in spite of all theadvertisements they see.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. whether34. A lot of new technology _____ into schools to make learning more effective these years.A. introducedB. has introducedC. was introducedD. is being introduced35. Applicants _____ first language is not English are required to achieve a satisfactory standard inUniversity-approved Test in English.A. whoseB. in whichC. whoD. that36. ―Have a nice day!‖ is a wonderful expression, _____ us, in effect, to enjoy the moment and tovalue this very day.A. remindsB. to remindC. to be remindingD. reminding37. I‘ve already told you that I‘m going to buy a new iPad, _____.A. how much does it costB. however much it costsC. no matter how it costsD. however does it cost much38. Facing a beggar, I may feel this poor person needs help, and the need will not be met _____ Iput my hand in my pocket now.A. sinceB. in caseC. unlessD. while39. Seed plants – plants _____ from seeds – need water, sunlight and mineral to grow vigorously.A. grownB. to growC. to be grownD. having grown40. The Community Representative is a position designed for people with a strong desire to dosomething rewarding and _____ some money.A. earnedB. to earningC. earningD. earnSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Like many other young people, Lin Chi-ying (Vicky) and Chiang Chiu-ping (Pinky) dreamed of traveling the world. What makes them special is that they actually did it; what‘s more, they did it on bicycles.At 18, V icky read the famous Cycling Diary of Hu Rong-hua and was __41__ to take a bike tour of southern China by herself. In 1991, while riding along the island‘s east coast, she met a Japanese __42__, who invited her to join him on a world cycling tour.In July 1998, they began their trip in Alaska. V icky soon realized, however, that their travel philosophies were quite different. Her partner seemed intent on testing his endurance, while she preferred __43__ the fantastic scenery and meeting the locals. They parted after a month. V icky cycled alone through the Rocky Mountains down to the western United States. By this time, her __44__ efforts to persuade her college friend, Pinky, to join her had succeeded.Once, in California, Vicky and Pinky were unable to find any cheap __45__, so they camped in a park. They were woken up by __46__ police officers, who told them camping there was illegal. In cities, they would __47__ through colleges and libraries, ―in need of air-conditioning,‖ Pinky joked.Vicky and Pinky praise friends back in China who supported them __48__, as well as people who assisted them along the way. They have fond __49__ of the wonderful friendliness of the people in a Turkish village, where V icky and Pinky farmed, cooked, and danced with the locals.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.When I became an amputee at age 29, I was forced to rethink the idea of physical perfection. My life became different, as I changed from an acceptably attractive woman to an object of pity and __50__.Too busy __51__ physical pain and obvious mobility limitation, I was not aware of this change at first. I was determined to __52__, feeling good about the progress I had made, as I moved forward.__53__, as I made my first excursion outside the hospital, society had already assigned me a new status. Happy to be free of my restriction in the hospital, I rolled through the shopping mall – a __54__ survivor, feeling like a war hero. Unfortunately, I had a rude __55__ as I discovered that others did not view me in the way I had come to view myself.All eyes were upon me, yet no one dared to make eye contact. Their efforts to __56__ my eyes forced me to realize they saw only my missing legs. Mothers __57__ held their children closer as I passed. Elderly women patted me on the head saying, ―God Bless Y ou!‖ with __58__ in their eyes.While I sat thinking about what had happened, a small girl came up to me. She stared with unembarrassed __59__ at the empty pants. Finding nothing there, she looked up at me with a puzzled look, she innocently asked, ―Lady, where did your legs go?‖I explained that my legs had been sick. Since my legs hadn‘t been strong and healthy like hers, the doctors had to __60__ them. Leaning her head upwards, she asked, ―Did they go to ‗Leg Heaven‘?‖That incident made me think about how __61__ children and adults react to the unknown. To a child, an odd appearance is an interesting curiosity and a __62__ learning experience while adults often view the same thing with fear and horror. I began to realize that, I, too had been __63__ of the same inappropriate reactions before I knew what life was like for an amputee.To fulfill the wholeness of my mind and spirit, I now smile warmly, make eye contact, and speak in a confident manner. By using a __64__ approach, I attempt to enlighten society about the fact that having a not-so-perfect bod y doesn‘t mean having a poor quality of life.50. A. comfort B. fear C. hatred D. sadness51. A. crying with B. figuring out C. holding back D. dealing with52. A. endure B. quit C. revenge D. succeed53. A. Instead B. Moreover C. However D. Therefore54. A. calm B. poor C. proud D. rare55. A. awakening B. ending C. happening D. proceeding56. A. turn B. hold C. catch D. avoid57. A. softly B. protectively C. reluctantly D. pleasantly58. A. pity B. anger C. depression D. upset59. A. curiosity B. determination C. enthusiasm D. satisfaction60. A. lose B. adjust C. remove D. stretch61. A. differently B. positively C. strangely D. sympathetically62. A. painful B. potential C. similar D. common63. A. conscious B. guilty C. ignorant D. short64. A. creative B. flexible C. positive D. scientificSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)United States Olympic hockey coach Herb Brooks knew that he had a pool of good but young hockey players as he watched them play during the tryouts for the 1980 national team. He decided to choose the players who were the most aggressive and played the hardest.Brooks was pleased with his final choices. However, he knew his team would be the underdog if they faced the powerful team of professionals from the Soviet Union(USSR). During the week before the Olympics began, the U.S. team played the Soviets in an exhibition game and last badly, 10-3. In spite of the defeat, Brooks thought that if his team played up to their potential, they might be able to win a medal.After the 1980 Winter Olympic Games began in Lake Placid, New Y ork, the United States was behind Sweden 2-1 in their first game. With a last-second shot, Bill Baker tied(与……打成平局) the game for the U.S. team.In the second round, the United States defeated Czechoslovakia 7-3. They defeated Norway 5-1 in their next game and then defeated Romania 7-2. A 4-2 win over West Germany followed. With a record of four wins and one tie, the Americans advanced to the medal round. Their opponent was the powerful team from the USSR. The Soviet team had a record of five wins and no losses or ties.The Soviets took a 2-1 lead. Then, in the last second of the first period, the Americans tied the score. With 10 minutes left in the game, the Americans took the lead and held on for a slim 4-3 victory. Many sports fans consider this victory to be one of the greatest upsets in the history of sports. The U.S. team went on to defeat Finland for the gold medal by a score of 4-2.65．What did Brooks think of his players before the 1980 Winter Olympic Games?A. They were too young to be the most aggressive.B. They were powerful enough to be the champion.C. They lacked potential yet they played the hardest.D. They were likely to win a medal if they did their best.66．The word underdog in paragraph 2 probably means __________.A. leaderB. loserC. dog-tamerD. spectator 67．What was the U.S. hockey team‘s record in the 1980 Winter Olympics?A. Four wins, one tie.B. Five wins, one tie.C. Six wins, one tie.D. Six wins, no losses.68．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. Bill Baker scored two goals in the game with the Sweden team.B. The Soviet team had the same record as the U.S. in the first round.C. The Soviet team lost the game with the U.S. just at the last minute.D. The U.S. team‘s winning over the Soviets was out of expectation.(B)NEMS N EWRI E nvironmentalNEWRI: N anyang E nvironment & W ater R esearch I nstitute69. If one wants to apply for the NEMS programme, it is essential for him to __________.A. have passed the GRE testB. make contact with Ms SohC. possess a university diplomaD. major in engineering or science70. Students admitted to the NEMS Programme __________.A. will first have regular courses at StanfordB. needn‘t be released from their regular jobsC. are required to obtain a Doctor‘s degreeD. can receive degrees of both NTU and Stanford71. What‘s the main purpose of the NEMS programme?A. To offer scholarship for tuition grants and living expenses.B. To strengthen the cooperation between NTU and Stanford.C. To cultivate experts on environmental science and engineering.D. To introduce Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute.(C)The coast of the State of Maine is one of the most irregular in the world. A straight line running from the southernmost coastal city to the northernmost coastal city would measure about 225 miles. If you followed the coastline between these points, you would travel more than ten times as far. This irregularity is the result of what is called a drowned coastline. The term comes from the glacial（冰川的）activity of the Ice Age. At that time, the whole area that is now Maine was part of a mountain range that towered above the sea. As the glacier descended, however, it applied enormous force on those mountains, and they sank into the sea.As the mountains sank, ocean water charged over the lowest parts of the remaining land. And the highest parts of the former mountain range, nearest the shore, remained as islands. Marine fossils found here are 225 feet above sea level indicating the level of the shoreline prior to the glacier.The 2,500-mile-long rocky and jagged coastline of Maine keeps watch over nearly 2,000 islands. Many of these islands are tiny and uninhabited, but many are home to blooming communities. Mt. Desert Island is one of the largest, most beautiful of the Maine coast islands left behind by the glacier. Measuring 16 miles by 12 miles, Mt. Desert was very nearly formed as two distinct islands. It is split almost in half by Somes Sound, a very deep and very narrow stretch of water seven miles long.For years, Mt. Desert Island, particularly its major settlement, Bar Harbor, has afforded summer homes for the wealthy. Recently, though, Bar Harbor has become a new arts community as well. But the best part of the island is the unspoiled forest land known as Acadia National Park. Since the island sits on the border between two different geographical zones, the park supports the plants and animals of both zones. It also lies in a major bird migration lane and is a resting spot for many birds.The establishment of Acadia National park in 1916 means that this natural monument will be preserved and that it will be available to all people, not just the wealthy. V isitors to Acadia mayreceive nature instruction from the park naturalists as well as enjoy camping, hiking, cycling, and boating. Or they may choose to spend time at the museum learning about the Stone Age inhabitants of the island.72．The large number of small islands along the coast of Maine is the result of __________.A. the drowning of the Maine coastlineB. glac ier‘s forcing mountains into the seaC. the irregularity of the Maine coastlineD. ocean water‘s flooding the mountain range73．From the passage, we learn that __________.A. the coastline of Maine is ten times longer after the Ice AgeB. there are more than 2500 islands along the Maine coastlineC. Mt. Desert Island has been broken apart by a 7-mile-long water stretchD. an arts community gave way to the summer homes on Mt. Desert Island74．What CANNOT be inferred about the Acadia Nation Park?A. It welcomes all the people, rich or poor.B. It has much appeal for bird-watching lovers.C. It offers visitors both entertainment and education.D. It is a border between the two geographical zones.75．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. The past and the present of MaineB. The formation of Maine coastlineC. Efforts for preserving national parksD. Tourist attractions on Mt. Desert IslandSection CDirections: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.It‘s been said that ―everybody lies sometimes.‖ And it‘s true. Everyone does lie from time to time. Men lie; women lie. Husbands lie, friends lie, wives lie, and believe it or not, your mother might lie.A recent study showed that 91% of all people lie on a regular basis, and people tell at least 13 major lies a week.77.The first thing one has to understand about lying is that there are at least five different types of liars: the model of absolute integrity, the real straight-shooter, the pragmatic fibber, a real Pinocchio andthe compulsive liar, according to sociologist – anthropologist Dr. Gina Graham Scott.78. Dr. Robert G . Newby , the professor of sociology at Central Michigan University, believes that men are more likely to tell lies than women . ―Men are more concerned about how they present themselves in public, the impression they make on people and things like that,‖ he says. ―Men are always trying to impress people in the work and want to make sure that their presentation of self is one that makes them look good.‖ Women, on the other hand, Dr. Newby believes , are more private people and their relationship tends to be more interpersonal, as opposed to having to put on a public face. Wom en are more vulnerable and they are not as likely to try to pull the wool over someone‘s eyes like men.79. Dr Ronn Elmore, Los Angeles-based relationship counselor, does not believe that lying is based on gender. ―But I believe when women lie it tends to be verbal, plain old-fashioned lies with words. But when men lie, it is often nonverbal, as in doing what he says he would not do or not doing what he promised he would do. Either way , it‘s a lie, male version or female version. It is the opposite of i ntegrity.‖80. V esta Callender, psychotherapist in New Y ork City, also agrees that one‘s gender does not play a role in lying, but men and women do lie differently. ―Women concern more while lying. They plan better,‖ Callender notes. ―They create a hist ory around the lie, and they try to project into the future what might happen if the lie is detected. With a woman, a lie has a beginning, a middle and an end. It‘s a real entanglement.‖ Callender believes that men ―tend to lie for the moment or to get out of a situation. Men think less about how the lie can be detected.‖Section DDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.All of us communicate with one another non-verbally, as well as with words. We gesture with eyebrows or a hand, meet someone else‘s eyes and look away, shift positions in a chair. These actions we assume are random and incidental. But researchers have discovered in recent years that there is a system to them almost as consistent and comprehensive as language.Every culture has its own body language, and children absorb its difference along with spokenlanguage. A Frenchman talks and moves in French. The way an Englishman crosses his legs is nothing like the way a male American does it. In talking, with a future-tense verb, Americans often gesture with a forward movement.There are regional idioms too. An expert can sometimes pick out a native of Wisconsin just by the way he uses his eyebrows during conversation. Y our sex, moral background, social class and personal style all influence your body language.Usually, the wordless communication acts to qualify the words. What the non-verbal elements express very often, and very efficiently, is the emotional side of the message. When a person feels liked or disliked, often it‘s a case of ―not what he said but the way he said it.‖ Psychologist Albert Mehrabian has come up with this formula: total impact of a message = 7% verbal + 38% gestural + 55% facial.Experts in kinesics – the study of communication through body movement – are not prepared to spell out a vocabulary or gestures. When an American rubs his nose, it may mean he is disagreeing with someone or rejecting something. But there are other possible interpretations, too. Another example: When a student in conversation with a professor holds the older man‘s eyes a little longer than is usual, it can be a sign of respect and affection; it can be a challenge to the professor‘s authority; or it can be something else entirely. The experts look for patterns in the context, not for an isolated meaningful gesture.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81．What idea does the author aim to convey in paragraph 2?82．Besides moral background, __________ are the other three factors affecting people‘s body language.83．F rom Albert‘s formula, we learn that the body language __________.84．What can you conclude from the examples given in paragraph 5?第II卷I. T ranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1.大雪使学生们无法上学。

【首发】上海市2012届高三二模考试英语汇编选标题Word版含答案

2012届上海市高三二模英语试卷——选标题（崇明）A.Analyze visual information.B.Have a good concentration skill.C.Do a good workout.D.Keep a good memory.e logic and reasoning skills.F.Build up language skills.Many men are devoted to exercise to build up their bodies, but the phrase “use it or lose it”applies to more than just the muscle in our bodies—it also applies to our brains. Here are 5 tips that can help our brains stay sharp.76. _________It plays an important role in all cognitive activities, including reading, reasoning and mental calculation. There are several types of its work in the brain. Taken together, these are the cognitive skills we may notice most when they begin to fail. To keep a good memory, you need to train for it, which can be easier than you think. Listening to music is enjoyable. By choosing a song you don’t know and memorizing the lyrics, you improve your memory skills.77. _________It is necessary in nearly all daily tasks and it enables you to focus despite noise and to think about several things at once. We can improve the skill by simply changing our routines. Change your course to work or reorganize your desk—both will force your brain to wake up and pay attention again.78. _________It will increase your ability to recognize, remember and understand words. With regular practice, you can expand your knowledge of new words and more easily think of words to say because they will come to you more naturally. For example, if you usually only read the sports section, try reading a few business articles. You’ll learn new words, and by using them you can also exercise your brain.79. _________You can also exercise your brain by taking advantage of your environment. Try walking into a room and picking out five items and their locations. When you exit the room, try to remember all five items and where they are located. Too easy? Wait two hours and try to remember those items and their locations. Analyzing what you saw will force you to use your memory and train your brain to focus on your surroundings.80. _________It helps you make decisions, build up hypotheses and consider the possible consequences of your actions.Activities in which you must define a strategy to reach a desired outcome and calculate the right moves to reach the solution in the shortest possible time are actually fun activities you can do daily. For example, playing video games requires you to come up with a strategy so as to advance to the next level.76. D 77. B 78. F 79. A 80. E（奉贤）76. ________________________A world record is every athlete’s dream, but the hard-won records of a few years ago are mostly just today’s qualifying times. Roger Bannister’s famous four-minute mile of 1956 has been beaten by nearly 15 seconds, while almost an hour and twenty minutes has been taken off the women’s marathon since. 1953. ‘Faster, higher, stronger’, is the Olympic motto, and today’s competitors continue to push back the boundaries of what the body can achieve. But one wonders if this can continue.77. ________________________The last forty years have seen many important technological advances. For example, since the introduction of strong flexible, fiberglass poles, over a meter has been added to the pole vault record. There have also been important developments in the design of the running shoe. And while a shoe won’t actually make someone run faster, modern shoes do mean many more miles of comfortable, injury-free training.78. ________________________Pushing back the limits now depends more on science, technology and medicine than anything else. Athletic technique, training programmes and diets are all being studied to find ways of taking a few more seconds off or adding a few more centimetres to that elusive world record. It seems that natural ability and hard work are no longer enough.79. ________________________The research to find more efficient ways of moving goes on. Analysis of an athlete’s style is particularly useful for events like jumping and throwing. Studies show that long jumpers need to concentrate not on the speed of approach, as once thought, but on the angle their bodies make with the ground as they take off. However, the rules governing each sport limit advances achieved by new styles. For instance only one-footed takeoffs are allowed in the high jump.80. ________________________In the future, it should be possible to develop a more individual approach to training programmes. Athletes will keep detailed diaries and collect data to help predict the point when training becomes overtraining, the cause of many injuries. If athletes feed all their information into a database, it may then be possible to predict patterns and to advise them individually when they should cut76—80 FECBD（虹口）76.Today, the Internet is in a few cars; tomorrow, broadband (宽带) will be in all of them. Any capability a personal computer has, a car will have, including two –way wireless communications for receiving e –mail, music, and movies. When you ’re crossing the lonely place, the kids can watch TV if they’re bored. Every passenger will have a video feed.77.Every car will have a self –driving system linked to GPS satellites. Radar sensors (传感器) will track nearby cars. On the freeway, they’ll sl ow your car when the car ahead of you slows; in town, they’ll help you park without hitting other cars. At rush hour, you’ll get the routes around traff ic jams and accidents. The self –driving system in a car makes it possible for the car to drive itself, t hough some scientists say that’s 30 to 40 years off.78.Motor vehicles today represent 20 to 30 percent of the world’s energy use. In the near future, a small gasoline engine and an electric motor will be brought together. Drivers will use electricity in a storage battery for short distances. Longer term, cars might burn hydrogen or use a fuel cell that converts a fuel like hydrogen and combines it with oxygen to create power. Then the waste will be pure water.79. it a bit cooler” or “find me country music”. Lighter, more reliable electronic controls replace mechanical controls. Fiber optics (光纤) replace electrical wires and light bulbs. Seats will be air –conditioned. The car will travel with one side higher than the other when turning, just as an airplane does now.80.Cars will avoid some accidents by maintaining safe following distances, and by sensing sleepy or drunk drivers. Air bags will adapt for every passenger according to their size, weight, and position in case accidents happen.76-80：ECABDIt’s been said that “everybody lies sometimes.” And it’s true. Everyone does lie from time to time.Men lie; women lie. Husbands lie, friends lie, wives lie, and believe it or not, your mother might lie.A recent study showed that 91% of all people lie on a regular basis, and people tell at least 13 majorlies a week. 77.The first thing one has to understand about lying is that there are at least five different types of liars: the model of absolute integrity, the real straight-shooter, the pragmatic fibber, a real Pinocchio andthe compulsive liar, according to sociologist – anthropologist Dr. Gina Graham Scott.78. Dr. Robert G. Newby, the professor of sociology at Central Michigan University, believes that men are more likely to tell lies than women . “Men are more concerned about how they present themselves in public, the impression they make on people and things like that,” he says. “Men are always trying to impress people in the work and want to make sure that their presentation of self is one that makes them look good.” Women, on the other hand, Dr. Newby believes , are more private people and their relationship tends to be more interpersonal, as opposed to having to put on a public face. Women are more vulnerable and they are not as likely to try to pull the wool over someone’s eyes like men.79. Dr Ronn Elmore, Los Angeles-based relationship counselor, does not believe that lying is based on g ender. “But I believe when women lie it tends to be verbal, plain old -fashioned lies with words. But when men lie, it is often nonverbal, as in doing what he says he would not do or not doing what he promised he would do. Either way, it’s a lie, male versi on or female version. It is the opposite of integrity.”80. Vesta Callender, psychotherapist in New York City, also agrees that one’s gender does not play a role in lying, but men and women do lie differently. “Women concern more while lying. They plan better,” Callender notes. “They create a history around the lie, and they try to project into the future what might happen if the lie is detected. With a woman, a lie has a beginning, a middle and an end. It’s a real entanglement.” Callender believes that men “tend to lie for the moment or to get out of a situation. Men think less about how the lie can be detected.”76—80 BAECF(静安、杨浦、宝山、青浦)One of the consequences of the terrible earthquake and tsunami in Japan on 11 March was, of course, a leak of radiation at the Fukushima nuclear power station on the country’s east coast. Soon afterwards, all the people living within twenty kilometres of the plant were told to leave because of the danger from the radiation.The pros and cons of nuclear power always come up in debates about how the world should produce the energy it needs. Those who think the risks are too great can obviously use Chernobyl – and now Fukushima – in their argument, while also pointing out that nuclear waste stays radioactive for hundreds of years, and asking what might happen if terrorists ever chose to attack a nuclear power plant. Those who support nuclear power point out that a very small amount of nuclear fuel can create a huge amount of energy, and that unlike the burning of fossil fuels such as oil, coal and natural gas, nuclear power stations don’t contri bute to global warming by pushing greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.Most of the world’s energy currently comes from fossil fuels, but this can’t go on forever. As well as the problem of global warming there is the simple fact that the Earth has a limited amount of these resources. They will eventually run out – although there is a lot of disagreement about when that might be.Apart from nuclear power, which currently provides less than 10% of the world’s energy, the other alternative is energy from renewable sources. These include hydropower, biofuels (made mostly from crops), wind power and solar power, and together they currently provide around 15% of the world’s energy. Some scientists think renewable energy is the great hope for the future – not only because it won’t run out but also because it is less risky than nuclear power and produces far fewer greenhouse gases than burning fossil fuels.Other scientists, however, believe we will never produce enough renewable energy to fill the gap when fossil fuels begin to run out. That is why, even while watching the very worrying events in Japan, they argue that nuclear power will always have to be part of the solution to the world’s energy problems.76—80 DBEFC（闵行）As public playgrounds grow increasingly worn and shabby, the for-profit centers offer clean, safe, supervisedactivities as well asa variety ofchallenging exercises to develop youngsters’ physical fitness, usually for a f ee of around $5 an hour. “Playgrounds are dirty, not supervised,” says Dick Guggenheimer, owner of the two-month-old Discovery Zone in Yonkers, N.Y., part of a Kansas City-based chain. “We’re indoors; we’re padded; parents can feel their child is safe.”77. outlets in the past 14 months, boasting sandboxes full of brightly colored plastic balls, mazes, obstacle courses, slides and mountains to climb. Now McDonalds is getting into the act. The burger giant is test-marketing a new playground, Leaps&Bounds, in Naperville, Ill. Phys Kids of Wichita has opened one center and has plans to expand.78. American parents are rightly worried about their kids ’ leisure life. There are 36 million children in the U.S. aged 2 to 11 who watch an average of 24 hours of TV a week and devote less and less energy to active recreation. Nationwide decrease in education budgets are making the problem worse, as gym classes and after-hours sports time get squeezed. Says Discovery Zone president Jack G union: “We have raised a couple of pure couch potatoes.”79. cater to (迎合) the concerns of two-earner families, staying open in the evenings, long after traditional public playground have grown dark and unusable. At Naperville’s Leaps&Bounds, families can play together for $4.95 per child, parents free. Fresh-faced assistants, dressed in colorful sport pants and shirts, guide youngsters to appropriate play areas for differing age group.80. play with their kids rather than drop them off. But several also provide high-tech baby-sitting services. At some of the Discovery Zones, parents can register their children in special supervised programs, then leave them and slip away for a couple of hours to enjoy a movie or dinner. The most fun of all, though, is getting to do what parents used to do in the days before two-career families and two-hour commutes: play with their kid. That, at least, is old-fashioned, even at per-hour rates.76. C 77. A78. F 79. D 80. B（浦东） An interview with Benno Nigg, the sports scientist76.Nigg’s Answer: That is a little bit overstated. But the literature shows that shoes are a minor player in injury development. If you take a group of people and want to injure them, send them out every day for a 20-kilometre run. A lot of them will be injured in three weeks. The major factors are the distance run, the intensity and recovery time, not the shoes.77. Nigg’s Answer: The problem is that if you go to a store and want to find your best shoes, you don’t know what to do. Things that are sometimes done, like video analysis of your rear foot movement, may not help. The only way to assess whether a shoe is right for you is how it feels. If you feel comfortable i n a shoe, it’s likely to be good for you.78. Nigg’s Answer: A shoe may act as a training device, making some muscles to function more effectively for a majority of users. Or it may use materials that last longer. That may have something to do with its price. However, for the average runner it is difficult to distinguish between actual functional designs and unnecessary features. Generally, the more a shoe controls movement, the more it acts like a cast, which means you lose some muscle strength, and your feet are more likely to be injured.79. Nigg’s Answer: Yes, for about 80 per cent of people. The major benefits are training the small muscles crossing the ankle joint, and a reduction of knee and lower back pain. However, some claims for these unstable shoes are overstated, such as the general muscle strengthening that they are claimed to produce.80. Nigg’s Answer: There are claims that there are fewer injuries when you run barefoot, but there is not yet enough evidence, or enough research, to prove that. If you look at performance, most papers suggest an advantage of 3 to 4 per cent. With a few exceptions, people don’t run barefoot, so it may be that it’s not an advantage, or it may be that we’re just not used to it.76--80. DBCFE（普陀）Marriage, like other social instructions, is showing the strains of modern life. While more Americans are getting married today than ever before, the divorce rate is also disturbingly on the rise (one divorce for every three marriages last year). Why should this be so, and what, if anything, can we do to reverse this trend?77.__________For most people, life is easier and more comfortable than ever before. Convenience foods from the supermarket simplify shopping and cooking. Household appliances like the vacuum cleaner and the washing machine have made housework much easier to do. Released from these household chores, many wives have found jobs outside the home. Women are achieving economic independence.78. _________Families, too, are simpler today. In American, it is not customary for parents to live with their married children. With our greater mobility, relatives have scattered, the parents retiring to Florida or Arizona and the young people, after they marry, going wherever their jobs or their interests take them.79.________Young adult women have new freedom, too. While attending college, they often live away from home, sometimes far from their parents or their relatives. After college, they move to the city, finda job, and set up “bachelor” apartment. This is the era of women’s liberation.80. ________But all this freedom and affluence have had an unforeseen and in some respects a devastating effect on marriage. Men and women, no longer dependent on each other for food and maintenance, find it harder to accept the responsibilities and restraints or endurance the misunderstandings of married life. When happiness becomes misery, many couples decide to terminate their marriage through divorce. On the other hand, there is a growing trend today for couples in trouble to try to save their marriage by consulting a professional counselor. He listens patiently while they talk, knowing that only through self-understanding can they solve their problems.76-80 F B DE ADo you want to start a school newspaper? If you do, then this is the article for you. Starting a school newspaper can be a great learning experience and is a respectable thing to put on a resume(简历) in the future as it shows your interviewer your leadership skills and that could very well help land you the dream job for your future. Being part of the school newspaper will give you a good idea on other people you barely know and also it will give you a chance to learn what goes onthe party, and that is authority. A teacher is there primarily to help make sure that everyone gets their articles in on time. With a teacher, staff simply feel an obligation to get their articles in. This really makes your job a lot easier. A teacher not only sees to it that articles are handed in on time,12 articles, brainstorm 12. Some ideas are: games, colouring contest, short story, advice, random facts, sports, poetry or fashion. Once you have these articles planned out, open a word document and come up with cool titles and layout for your newspaper. You can copy a few things from the internet, but if it has a copyright, make sure to sayarticle because life consists of all things, e.g. sickness, vacation, family affairs etc. Also tell them to let you know if they can't get one article in so you can cover for them. Print off the schedule and give it to all your staff members.Section C76. D 77. B 78. F 79. C 80. E(杨浦and ancient disease caused by one-celled Plasmodium parasites, and malaria is spread by the bite of infected Anopheles mosquitoes. The symptoms of malaria include periodic chills, fever, headache, and sweating. Complications affecting the kidneys, liver, brain, and blood can be fatal. Malaria is a major health problem in the tropics, where it afflicts up to 500 million people every year.has fallen rapidly as efforts to combat the disease have ramped up, according to a new researchfound in the most recent comprehensive study of the disease. The researchers say that deaths from malaria have been missed by previous studies because of the assumption that the disease mainly kills children under five. They found that more than 78,000 children aged 5 to 14, and more than 445,000 people aged 15 and older died from malaria in 2010, meaning that 42 percent of all malariathat while the overall number of malaria deaths is higher than earlier reports, the trend in malaria deaths has followed a similar downward pattern. Starting in 1985, malaria deaths grew every year before peaking in 2004 at 1.8 million deaths worldwide. Since then, the number of deaths has fallen annually and, between 2007 and 2010, the decline in deaths hasinsecticide-treated bed nets and artemisinin-combination treatments. This has been accomplished through the advent of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Malaria & Tuberculosis in 2001 and the creation of organizations focused on fighting malaria, such as the World Health Organization's Roll Back Malaria, Malaria No More and Nothing But Nets. Overall funding for malaria efforts grew from less than 250 million U.S. dollars annually in 2001 to more than two billion in 2009, according to the researchers' latest estimates.76-80 DBFACWhen the city manager of troubled Stockton, California, had to tell city council members why it was on track to become the biggest American city yet to go bankrupt (破产), it took hours to get through the list. There was the free health care for retirees, the unpaid parking tickets, the revenue bonds without enough revenue to pay them. On it went, a grim drumbeat of practically every fiscalaside for every dollar of benefits its workers expect. Some public pension experts think they knowwhy pensions were not on the city manager's list. They see the hidden hand of California's giant state pension system, known as Calpers, which administers hundreds of billions of dollars instate law bars any reduction in pensions — and not just for people who have already retired. State law also forbids cuts in the pensions that today's public workers expect to earn in the future, Calpers says, even in cases of severe financial distress. Workers at companies have no comparablethe cost of their pensions is growing fast, turning into a major drag on many local governments' finances. The pension contributions that cities must make every year are rising, but their revenue, which often depends on property taxes, is not keeping up. Taxed-out residents, many of whom havethe end of June whether it will file for Chapter 9 bankruptcy, which would allow the city to negotiate reductions in its debt in court. For Calpers, the prospect of a California city bankruptcy indicates a potential failure of its pension system. Such a challenge could blow an unsustainable hole in what experts consider pension protection which used to be most airtight. The Calpers is now awaiting a vague future.76-80 CFAED（长宁）If you are interested in personal development you have probably heard Brian Tracy’s words, “You are what you think about most of the time”. It is true, by th inking about something enough you push it into your subconscious, your mental computer that works 24 hours a day.76.________________When you dream your conscious turns off, giving you a view of what is going on in your subconscious. You most important work will be done when you sleep. Your mind will be working without your conscious getting in the way. I t will be solving problems you don’t even know you have and present you with solutions.77.________________Your dreams mirror your thoughts. It is your subconscious. By pushing a message into your subconscious it will be a part of your dreams. But to get something into your subconscious takes effort. You need to think about it constantly, write it down, visualize it, repeat it to yourself and almost become obsessed by it.78.________________Once you have pushed your thoughts into your subconscious you will start dreaming about solutions. You will then start to see changes in the world around you and before long you will become what you have dreamed about. In shorter time then you can imagine you can do extra ordinary things. If you have read “Think and Grow Rich” By Napoleon Hill, he shares this advice in his book and shows examples of how some of the most successful men and women have changed their lives and gone from rags to riches in just a short time.79._________________Most of us have a special skill to think about more about the negative, but the danger of this is that you will be pushing this into your subconscious, making your mental computer work on solutions to give you even more grief. If you are to succeed you have to change your mental programming. In addition, you have to become a more positive person, focusing on the good and on solutions.80._________________Keep repeating positive messages to yourself throughout the day. If you want to rekindle the romance in a relationship it can be enough to repeat to yourself day in and day out “I love my wife or partner”. This will push it into your subconscious and your will start finding solutions to make it reality. In addition, when you have your goals in writing it becomes easier to think about them. You can spend time reading them every day. You can write down plans, think about ideas and so on. All this will push your goals deeper into your subconscious and help you speed up your success. (D) 76-80 DACFE。