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金融外汇买卖相关英语词汇翻译

金融外汇买卖相关英语词汇翻译金融外汇买卖相关英语词汇翻译Accepted 承兑Accrued interest累计利息advance 放款American style 美式选择权appreciation 升值Arbitrage 套利交易asset allocation 资产分配原则Asset swap 就持有的资产利息进行交换Asset/liability management 资产负债管理Assets liquidity 资产的流动性Assets safety 资产安全Assets yield 资产的获利性AT the money (ATM) 价平Auction 标售Authority letter 授权书Banker’s acceptance 银行承兑汇票Basis swap (floating -against floating IRS)Bear call spread 买权看空价差Bear put spread 卖权看空价差Bearer form 持有人形式best order 最佳价格交易指示单Bid rate 借入利率（或买入价格，汇率）Big figure 大数（交易时忽略不报的前几位数）Book entry form 无实体形式Break-even exchange rate 两平点汇率Bretton Woods system 布莱登国际货币制度Broken date 畸零天期(见Odd date)Bull call spread 买权看多价差Bull put spread 卖权看多价差Buy call 买入买权Buy or sell forward 买卖远期Buy or sell spot 买卖即期Buy put 买入卖权Buyer 买方Calendar spread 水平式价差策略Call option 买权Calling customer 询价者Calling party 询价者Cash flow book 现金流量登记薄Cash flow gap 现金流量缺口Cash flow gap 资金缺口Cash flow projection现金流量之预期Cash 当日交割CD(certificate of deposit) 存单Chain method 联算法Chief money dealer首席货币交易员Clearing house 清算所Commercial hedge 进出口商避险Commercial paper商业本票Commodity futures trading commission 美国期货交易委员会Competitive bid 竞标Contract date 定约日Contract limit 契约额度Contract risk 契约风险Counter party 交易对手Country limit 国家额度Coupon rate 票面利率Coupon swap (fixed-against floating IRS)Cover 补回，冲销covered interest arbitrage 无汇率波动风险的套利操作Credit risk 信用风险Cross hedge 交叉避险Cross rates 交叉汇率（通过第三种货币计算两种货币的汇率）Currency future 外汇期货Currency futures contracts 外汇期货契约Currency futures 外汇期货Current yield 当期收益率Cut off time 营业截止时间Day trading 当日冲销（使当日净部位为零）Dealer’s authority 交易权限Dealing day 交易日Dealing room 交易室Dealing ticket 交易单Delivery Date 交割日Direct quotation=price quotation直接报价Discount 贴水Dj index future 道·琼斯指数期货合约Draft 汇票Duration 存续期间Easy money 低价货币Effective interest rate 有效利率Engineered swap transaction操纵式换率交易（将买入卖出两个不同交易合并，使其具有换汇交易的效果）European currency unit(ECU)欧洲货币单位Exchange control system 外汇管制制度Exercise price 履约价格Expiry date 到期日Face value 面值（股票、票据上记载的名目价值）Firm market 行情坚挺的市场Firm order 确定指示单Fixed exchange rate system 固定汇率制定Fixed rate liability 利率固定负债Fixing date 指标利率定订基准日Flat yield curve 水平收益率曲线floating exchange 浮动汇率制度Floor broker 场内经纪商Floor trader 场内交易商Follow up action 动态策略Forward against forward远期对远期换汇交易Forward rate agreement（FRA）远期利率协定Forward rate 远期汇率Forward value date 远期外汇到期日FT-SE 100 Index Future 伦敦金融时报指数期货Futures 期货FX risk 汇率风险Gapping 期差操作General floating 普遍浮动Generic Swap 标准型的IRS 交易gold exchange standard金汇兑本位制度gold export point 黄金输出点Gold rush 黄金抢购风gold standard 金本位制度Government bonds 政府债券Group of Twenty 20国委员会Hang Seng Index 恒生估价指数Hedging interest rate risk规避利率波动风险Hit 询价者以bid rate 卖出被报价币给报价银行Holding position 持有部位If order 附条件交易指示单IMM 芝加哥国际货币市场In the money (ITM) 价内Index swap 利率交换indirect quotation=quantity quotation 间接报价Inter bank offer rates 银行同业拆放利率Interest rate futures 利率期货Interest rate parity theory 利率平价理论Interest rate return 报酬率Interest rate swaps(IRS)利率交换intermediary 中间人international payment system 国际支付制度Intra day limit 日间额度Intra-day trader日间交易者，短线交易员Intrinsic value 隐含价值Junior money dealer资浅货币交易员LIBOR 伦敦银行同业拆借利率LIFFE 伦敦国际金融期货交易所Line of credit 信用额度Line of limit 额度限制liquidity premium流通性风险补贴London inter bank bid rate (LIBID) 伦敦银行间存款利率Long butterfly call spread 买入碟式买权价差Long butterfly put spread 买入碟式卖权价差Long currency future contract 买入外汇期货契约Long Straddle 买入跨式部位，下跨式部位Long strangle 买入不同履约价格的跨式部位Margin call 追加保证金Margin trading 保证金交易Mark to market 调整至市场价Market order 市场价格指示单Mismatch gapping 到期缺口Money market swap IRS持有时间短于两年者Money position 货币部位long position 买超或长部位（借入的金额大于贷）Monthly limit 每月限额multiple currency reserve system多种货币准备制度Nasdaq Index Future 纳斯达克指数期货Near the money 价近Negative yield curve 负收益率曲线Negotiable certificate of deposit 可转让定期存单Net mismatch 净缺口Nikki index future 日经指数期货Nominal interest rate 名目利率Nominal Interest rate名目利率（票面或双方约定的利率，减通货膨胀等于实质利率）Non earning asset 非利率敏感资产Non profitable liability非利率敏感负债Non reference currency 报价币Notional amount 承作金额Odd date（Odd maturity）畸零天期，畸零期（FX交易非整周整月的日期，如10天，40天）Off-balance Sheet 表外交易工具（衍生性金融产品）Offer rate 贷放利率（或卖出价格，汇率）Offset 对冲，轧平Open spot net position 即期净部位Operation risk 作业风险Option date forward 任选交割日的远期汇率Option 选择权Options reserve 选择权保留额度Order 交易指示单Out of the money(OTM) 价外Outright forward 远期直接汇率Over the counter店头市场，柜台交易市场Overall limit 总合限额Overbought 买超Overnight(O/N) 当日交割之隔夜拆放Oversold 卖超Par 报价与被报价币的利率相同，换汇汇率为零。

tms320vc5416数据手册

TMS320VC5416Fixed-Point Digital Signal Processor Data ManualPRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date.Products conform to specifications per the terms of the TexasInstruments standard warranty.Production processing does notnecessarily include testing of all parameters.Literature Number:SPRS095PMarch1999–Revised October2008Revision HistoryTMS320VC5416Fixed-Point Digital Signal ProcessorSPRS095P–MARCH 1999–REVISED OCTOBER 2008NOTE:Page numbers for previous revisions may differ from page numbers in the current version.This data sheet revision history highlights the technical changes made to the SPRS095O device-specific data sheet to make it an SPRS095P revision.Scope:This document has been reviewed for technical accuracy;the technical content is up-to-date as of the specified release date with the following corrections.2Revision History Submit Documentation FeedbackContentsTMS320VC5416Fixed-Point Digital Signal ProcessorSPRS095P–MARCH 1999–REVISED OCTOBER 2008Revision History ...........................................................................................................................1TMS320VC5416Features.......................................................................................................2Introduction.......................................................................................................................2.1Description ..................................................................................................................2.2PinAssignments............................................................................................................2.2.1TerminalAssignments forthe GGUPackage...............................................................2.2.2Pin AssignmentsforthePGEPackage......................................................................2.2.3Signal Descriptions ..............................................................................................3Functional Overview ...........................................................................................................3.1Memory ......................................................................................................................3.1.1Data Memory .....................................................................................................3.1.2Program Memory ................................................................................................3.1.3Extended Program Memory ...................................................................................3.2On-Chip ROM With Bootloader ...........................................................................................3.3On-Chip RAM ...............................................................................................................3.4On-Chip Memory Security .................................................................................................3.5Memory Map ................................................................................................................3.5.1Relocatable Interrupt Vector Table ............................................................................3.6On-Chip Peripherals .......................................................................................................3.6.1Software-Programmable Wait-State Generator .............................................................3.6.2Programmable Bank-Switching ................................................................................3.6.3Bus Holders ......................................................................................................3.7Parallel I/O Ports ...........................................................................................................3.7.1Enhanced 8-/16-Bit Host-Port Interface (HPI8/16)..........................................................3.7.2HPI Nonmultiplexed Mode ......................................................................................3.8Multichannel Buffered Serial Ports (McBSPs)..........................................................................3.9Hardware Timer ............................................................................................................3.10Clock Generator ............................................................................................................3.11Enhanced External Parallel Interface (XIO2)...........................................................................3.12DMA Controller .............................................................................................................3.12.1Features ..........................................................................................................3.12.2DMA External Access ...........................................................................................3.12.3DMA Memory Maps .............................................................................................3.12.4DMA Priority Level ...............................................................................................3.12.5DMA Source/Destination Address Modification .............................................................3.12.6DMA in Autoinitialization Mode ................................................................................3.12.7DMA Transfer Counting .........................................................................................3.12.8DMA Transfer in Doubleword Mode ..........................................................................3.12.9DMA Channel Index Registers .................................................................................3.12.10DMA Interrupts ..................................................................................................3.12.11DMA Controller Synchronization Events .....................................................................3.13General-Purpose I/O Pins .................................................................................................3.13.1McBSP Pins as General-Purpose I/O .........................................................................3.13.2HPI Data Pins as General-Purpose I/O ......................................................................3.14Device ID Register .........................................................................................................3.15Memory-Mapped Registers ...............................................................................................3.16McBSP Control Registers and Subaddresses ..........................................................................3.17DMA Subbank Addressed Registers ....................................................................................3.18Interrupts ....................................................................................................................4Support .............................................................................................................................Contents3TMS320VC5416Fixed-Point Digital Signal ProcessorSPRS095P–MARCH1999–REVISED 4.1Documentation Support...................................................................................................4.2Device and Development-Support Tool Nomenclature................................................................5Electrical Specifications......................................................................................................5.1Absolute Maximum Ratings...............................................................................................5.2Recommended Operating Conditions...................................................................................5.3Electrical Characteristics.................................................................................................5.3.1Test Loading.....................................................................................................5.3.2Timing Parameter Symbology............................................................................................5.3.3Internal Oscillator With External Crystal.................................................................................5.4Clock Options...............................................................................................................5.4.1Divide-By-Two and Divide-By-Four Clock Options..........................................................5.4.2Multiply-By-N Clock Option(PLL Enabled)...................................................................5.5Memory and Parallel I/O Interface Timing..............................................................................5.5.1Memory Read....................................................................................................5.5.2Memory Write....................................................................................................5.5.3I/O Read..........................................................................................................5.5.4I/O Write..........................................................................................................5.5.5Ready Timing for Externally Generated Wait States..................................................................5.5.6and Timings...............................................................................................5.5.7Reset,BIO,Interrupt,and MP/MC Timings.............................................................................5.5.8Instruction Acquisition and Interrupt Acknowledge Timings..........................................5.5.9External Flag(XF)and TOUT Timings..................................................................................5.5.10Multichannel Buffered Serial Port(McBSP)Timing...................................................................5.5.10.1McBSP Transmit and Receive Timings....................................................................5.5.10.2McBSP General-Purpose I/O Timing.......................................................................5.5.10.3McBSP as SPI Master or Slave Timing....................................................................5.5.11Host-Port Interface Timing...............................................................................................5.5.11.1HPI8Mode.....................................................................................................5.5.11.2HPI16Mode....................................................................................................6Mechanical Data.................................................................................................................6.1Package Thermal Resistance Characteristics..........................................................................4Contents Submit Documentation FeedbackTMS320VC5416Fixed-Point Digital Signal Processor SPRS095P–MARCH1999–REVISED OCTOBER2008List of Figures2-1144-Ball GGU MicroStar BGA™(Bottom View).............................................................................2-2144-Pin PGE Low-Profile Quad Flatpack(Top View).......................................................................3-1TMS320VC5416Functional Block Diagram..................................................................................3-2Program and Data Memory Map................................................................................................3-3Extended Program Memory Map...............................................................................................3-4Process Mode Status Register..................................................................................................3-5Software Wait-State Register(SWWSR)[Memory-Mapped Register(MMR)Address0028h].........................3-6Software Wait-State Register(SWWSR)[Memory-Mapped Register(MMR)Address0028h].........................3-7Bank-Switching Control Register BSCR)[MMR Address0029h]...........................................................3-8Host-Port Interface—Nonmulltiplexed Mode.................................................................................3-9HPI Memory Map.................................................................................................................3-10Multichannel Control Register(MCR1).........................................................................................3-11Multichannel Control Register(MCR2).........................................................................................3-12Pin Control Register(PCR)......................................................................................................3-13Nonconsecutive Memory Read and I/O Read Bus Sequence.............................................................3-14Consecutive Memory Read Bus Sequence(n=3reads)..................................................................3-15Memory Write and I/O Write Bus Sequence.................................................................................3-16DMA Transfer Mode Control Register(DMMCRn)...........................................................................3-17On-Chip DMA Memory Map for Program Space(DLAXS=0and SLAXS=0).........................................3-18On-Chip DMA Memory Map for Data and IO Space(DLAXS=0and SLAXS=0)....................................3-19DMPREC Register................................................................................................................3-20General-Purpose I/O Control Register(GPIOCR)[MMR Address003Ch]................................................3-21General-Purpose I/O Status Register(GPIOSR)[MMR Address003Dh].................................................3-22Device ID Register(CSIDR)[MMR Address003Eh].........................................................................3-23IFR and IMR Registers...........................................................................................................5-1Tester Pin Electronics............................................................................................................5-2Internal Divide-By-Two Clock Option With External Crystal...............................................................5-3External Divide-By-Two Clock Timing.........................................................................................5-4Multiply-By-One Clock Timing..................................................................................................5-5Nonconsecutive Mode Memory Reads.......................................................................................5-6Consecutive Mode Memory Reads............................................................................................5-7Memory Write(MSTRB=0)....................................................................................................5-8Parallel I/O Port Read(IOSTRB=0).........................................................................................5-9Parallel I/O Port Write(IOSTRB=0)..........................................................................................5-10Memory Read With Externally Generated Wait States.....................................................................5-11Memory Write With Externally Generated Wait States.....................................................................5-12I/O Read With Externally Generated Wait States...........................................................................5-13I/O Write With Externally Generated Wait States...........................................................................5-14HOLD and HOLDA Timings(HM=1).........................................................................................List of Figures5TMS320VC5416Fixed-Point Digital Signal ProcessorSPRS095P–MARCH1999–REVISED 5-15Reset and BIO Timings.........................................................................................................5-16Interrupt Timing..................................................................................................................5-17MP/MC Timing...................................................................................................................5-18Instruction Acquisition(IAQ)and Interrupt Acknowledge(IACK)Timings................................................5-19External Flag(XF)Timing......................................................................................................5-20TOUT Timing.....................................................................................................................5-21McBSP Receive Timings.......................................................................................................5-22McBSP Transmit Timings.......................................................................................................5-23McBSP General-Purpose I/O Timings........................................................................................5-24McBSP Timing as SPI Master or Slave:CLKSTP=10b,CLKXP=0....................................................5-25McBSP Timing as SPI Master or Slave:CLKSTP=11b,CLKXP=0....................................................5-26McBSP Timing as SPI Master or Slave:CLKSTP=10b,CLKXP=1....................................................5-27McBSP Timing as SPI Master or Slave:CLKSTP=11b,CLKXP=1....................................................5-28Using HDS to Control Accesses(HCS Always Low)........................................................................5-29Using HCS to Control Accesses...............................................................................................5-30HINT Timing......................................................................................................................5-31GPIOx Timings...................................................................................................................5-32Nonmultiplexed Read Timings.................................................................................................5-33Nonmultiplexed Write Timings.................................................................................................5-34HRDY Relative to CLKOUT....................................................................................................6List of Figures Submit Documentation FeedbackTMS320VC5416Fixed-Point Digital Signal Processor SPRS095P–MARCH1999–REVISED OCTOBER2008List of Tables2-1Terminal Assignments for the TMS320VC5416GGU(144-Pin BGA Package).........................................2-2Signal Descriptions...............................................................................................................3-1Standard On-Chip ROM Layout...............................................................................................3-2Processor Mode Status(PMST)Register Bit Fields........................................................................3-3Software Wait-State Register(SWWSR)Bit Fields.........................................................................3-4Software Wait-State Control Register(SWCR)Bit Fields..................................................................3-5Bank-Switching Control Register(BSCR)Fields..............................................................................3-6Bus Holder Control Bits..........................................................................................................3-7Sample Rate Input Clock Selection...........................................................................................3-8Clock Mode Settings at Reset.................................................................................................3-9DMD Section of the DMMCRn Register......................................................................................3-10DMA Reload Register Selection...............................................................................................3-11DMA Interrupts...................................................................................................................3-12DMA Synchronization Events..................................................................................................3-13DMA Channel Interrupt Selection..............................................................................................3-14Device ID Register(CSIDR)Bits................................................................................................3-15CPU Memory-Mapped Registers................................................................................................3-16Peripheral Memory-Mapped Registers for Each DSP Subsystem........................................................3-17McBSP Control Registers and Subaddresses.................................................................................3-18DMA Subbank Addressed Registers...........................................................................................3-19Interrupt Locations and Priorities................................................................................................5-1Input Clock Frequency Characteristics.........................................................................................5-2Clock Mode Pin Settings for the Divide-By-2and By Divide-By-4Clock Options.......................................5-3Divide-By-2and Divide-By-4Clock Options Timing Requirements.......................................................5-4Divide-By-2and Divide-By-4Clock Options Switching Characteristics...................................................5-5Multiply-By-N Clock Option Timing Requirements..........................................................................5-6Multiply-By-N Clock Option Switching Characteristics......................................................................5-7Memory Read Timing Requirements..........................................................................................5-8Memory Read Switching Characteristics.....................................................................................5-9Memory Write Switching Characteristics.....................................................................................5-10I/O Read Timing Requirements................................................................................................5-11I/O Read Switching Characteristics...........................................................................................5-12I/O Write Switching Characteristics............................................................................................5-13Ready Timing Requirements for Externally Generated Wait States......................................................5-14Ready Switching Characteristics for Externally Generated Wait States..................................................5-15HOLD and HOLDA Timing Requirements....................................................................................5-16HOLD and HOLDA Switching Characteristics...............................................................................5-17Reset,BIO,Interrupt,and MP/MC Timing Requirements..................................................................5-18Instruction Acquisition(IAQ)and Interrupt Acknowledge(IACK)Switching Characteristics...........................List of Tables7TMS320VC5416Fixed-Point Digital Signal ProcessorSPRS095P–MARCH1999–REVISED 5-19External Flag(XF)and TOUT Switching Characteristics...................................................................5-20McBSP Transmit and Receive Timing Requirements.......................................................................5-21McBSP Transmit and Receive Switching Characteristics..................................................................5-22McBSP General-Purpose I/O Timing Requirements........................................................................5-23McBSP General-Purpose I/O Switching Characteristics...................................................................5-24McBSP as SPI Master or Slave Timing Requirements(CLKSTP=10b,CLKXP=0).................................5-25McBSP as SPI Master or Slave Switching Characteristics(CLKSTP=10b,CLKXP=0).............................5-26McBSP as SPI Master or Slave Timing Requirements(CLKSTP=11b,CLKXP=0).................................5-27McBSP as SPI Master or Slave Switching Characteristics(CLKSTP=11b,CLKXP=0).............................5-28McBSP as SPI Master or Slave Timing Requirements(CLKSTP=10b,CLKXP=1).................................5-29McBSP as SPI Master or Slave Switching Characteristics(CLKSTP=10b,CLKXP=1).............................5-30McBSP as SPI Master or Slave Timing Requirements(CLKSTP=11b,CLKXP=1).................................5-31McBSP as SPI Master or Slave Switching Characteristics(CLKSTP=11b,CLKXP=1).............................5-32HPI8Mode Timing Requirements.............................................................................................5-33HPI8Mode Switching Characteristics..........................................................................................5-34HPI16Mode Timing Requirements............................................................................................5-35HPI16Mode Switching Characteristics.......................................................................................6-1Thermal Resistance Characteristics............................................................................................8Submit Documentation Feedback List of Tables1TMS320VC5416FeaturesTMS320VC5416 Fixed-Point Digital Signal Processor SPRS095P–MARCH1999–REVISED OCTOBER2008Reads•Advanced Multibus Architecture With ThreeSeparate16-Bit Data Memory Buses and One•Arithmetic Instructions With Parallel Store and Program Memory Bus Parallel Load•40-Bit Arithmetic Logic Unit(ALU)Including a•Conditional Store Instructions40-Bit Barrel Shifter and Two Independent•Fast Return From Interrupt 40-Bit Accumulators•On-Chip Peripherals•17-×17-Bit Parallel Multiplier Coupled to a–Software-Programmable Wait-State 40-Bit Dedicated Adder for Non-Pipelined Generator and ProgrammableSingle-Cycle Multiply/Accumulate(MAC)Bank-SwitchingOperation–On-Chip Programmable Phase-Locked •Compare,Select,and Store Unit(CSSU)for the Loop(PLL)Clock Generator With External Add/Compare Selection of the Viterbi Operator Clock Source–One16-Bit Timer•Exponent Encoder to Compute an Exponent–Six-Channel Direct Memory Access(DMA) Value of a40-Bit Accumulator Value in aControllerSingle Cycle–Three Multichannel Buffered Serial Ports •Two Address Generators With Eight Auxiliary(McBSPs)Registers and Two Auxiliary Register–8/16-Bit Enhanced Parallel Host-Port Arithmetic Units(ARAUs)Interface(HPI8/16)•Data Bus With a Bus Holder Feature•Power Consumption Control With IDLE1,•Extended Addressing Mode for8M×16-Bit IDLE2,and IDLE3Instructions With Maximum Addressable External ProgramPower-Down ModesSpace•CLKOUT Off Control to Disable CLKOUT •128K×16-Bit On-Chip RAM Composed of:•On-Chip Scan-Based Emulation Logic,IEEE –Eight Blocks of8K×16-Bit On-ChipStd1149.1(JTAG)Boundary Scan Logic(1) Dual-Access Program/Data RAM•144-Pin Ball Grid Array(BGA)(GGU Suffix)–Eight Blocks of8K×16-Bit On-ChipSingle-Access Program RAM•144-Pin Low-Profile Quad Flatpack(LQFP)(PGE Suffix)•16K×16-Bit On-Chip ROM Configured forProgram Memory• 6.25-ns Single-Cycle Fixed-Point InstructionExecution Time(160MIPS)•Enhanced External Parallel Interface(XIO2)•8.33-ns Single-Cycle Fixed-Point Instruction •Single-Instruction-Repeat and Block-RepeatExecution Time(120MIPS) Operations for Program Code• 3.3-V I/O Supply Voltage(160and120MIPS)•Block-Memory-Move Instructions for BetterProgram and Data Management• 1.6-V Core Supply Voltage(160MIPS)•Instructions With a32-Bit Long Word Operand• 1.5-V Core Supply Voltage(120MIPS)(1)IEEE Standard1149.1-1990Standard-Test-Access Port and •Instructions With Two-or Three-OperandBoundary Scan ArchitectureTMS320C54x,TMS320are trademarks of Texas Instruments.All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date.Copyright©1999–2008,Texas Instruments Incorporated Products conform to specifications per the terms of the TexasInstruments standard warranty.Production processing does notnecessarily include testing of all parameters.。

商务英语工商导论专业单词表

Fundamentals of businessUnit 1sole proprietorship 商个体，个体户partnership 商合伙，合伙公司corporation (股份有限)公司franchise 特许经营license/permit (营业)执照sole proprietor 个体业主shareholder 股东board director 董事会成员，董事unlimited liability 无限责任access获取方法，渠道assets 资产financing 筹集的资金，融资marketing 营销dissolution 解散law firm 法律事务所accounting firm 会计事务所real estate firm 房地产公司partner 合伙人general partner 普通合伙人limited partner (责任)有限合伙人supplier 供货商extend credit 提供信贷legal framework 法律框架go broke 破产internal conflict 内部纷争，冲突broth 肉汤incorporator 公司股东sales revenue 销售收入legal person 法人sue 起诉，控告bankrupt 破产bond 债权collateral 抵押物finance 为…提供资金expansion 扩张separated ownership and management 所有权与经营分离termination 终结resilient 有弹性的，可恢复的dividend 股息，分红income tax 所得税double taxation 双重征税corporate charter 公司执照industrial relations 劳资关系incur 引起，导致stockholder 股东executive 公司行政领导franchisor 授予特许者décor （店铺）装饰attire （员工）服装unit 2replica 复制品centralized 中央集权的chronic shortage 长期短缺product-oriented 产品导向的acquire 获得personal selling 当面推销publicity 媒体推介bulk buying 大宗购买discount price 打折销售uniform specification 统一规格marketing mix 营销组合promotion 促销utility 功能，便利channels of distribution 分销渠道，销售渠道market segmentation 市场细分zero in on… 瞄准，集中精力于…demographic 人口统计的psychographic 消费心态学product-use variable 产品用途因素unit 3convenience goods 方便商品shopping goods （货比三家后再购买的）商品specialty goods 特种商品，特色商品feasibility 可行的marketability 可销售性pilot model 样品，样机prototype 样机commercialization 商业化product life cycle 产品生命周期pricing 定价profit-oriented objectives 利润导向型目标return on capital 资本（投资）回报率sales-oriented objective 销售额导向型目标be sold under cost 亏本销售，赔本买卖follow-the leader objective 跟进型目标equilibrium price 均衡点价格break-even 盈亏平衡点double-edge sword 双刃剑skimming strategy 撇脂战略penetration strategy 渗透战略loss leader pricing strategy （用少量低价商品）诱导战略odd pricing strategy 心理定价战略price lining strategy 分类定价战略unit 4wholesaler 批发商retailer 零售商discount store 折扣商店，平价商店turnover 周转率mail-order house 邮购公司vending machine 自动售货机virtual store 虚拟商店，网上商店agent 代理商broker 经纪人time utility 时间上的方便place utility 地点上的方便ownership utility 获得拥有权上的方便information utility 信息上的方便form utility 产品成型上的方便truck rates 卡车运费perishable 易腐烂的forklift 叉车conveyer belt 运输带crane 吊车unit 5promotion mix 促销组合product advertising 产品广告institutional advertising 厂商整体形象广告outdoor billboard 户外广告牌spot （播放）时段specialist magazine 专业杂志hypermedia （互联网上的）超媒体yellow pages 电话薄advertising agency 广告代理公司artwork 艺术设计commission 佣金prospect 物色（潜在顾客）qualify 确认approach 接触（顾客）make presentation 演示handle objections 处理（顾客）不同意见close 成交follow-up售后跟踪point-of-sale displays 销售点上的演示sweep stakes 摸奖，赌券coupon 打折券，优惠券premium 奖励券trade stamp 行业优惠券redeem 兑换，返还trade show 行业展览会sponsorship 赞助public relations 公共关系publicity 媒体推介word of mouth 口碑unit 6portability 可携带性divisibility 可分割性stability 稳定性durability 耐用性，耐磨损性acceptability 合法使用性denomination 面值paper note 纸币inflation 通货膨胀transaction 交易circulation 流通legal tender 法定货币medium of exchange 交换媒体store of value 价值存储unit of account 计算单位，会计单位demand deposit 活期存款interest-bearing 产生利息的checking account 支票帐户withdrawal 取款minimum balance 最少余额credit union 信用社serial number 序列号liquidity变现性，流动性portfolio 投资组合securities 有价证券savings account 存款帐户currency exchange 货币兑换letters of credit 信用证banker＇s acceptance 银行承兑draft 汇票access card 自动柜员机卡credit card 信用卡debit card 借记卡financial counseling 理财咨询home mortgage 住房抵押mutual savings bank 互助储蓄银行depositor 存款人pension fund 养老基金premium 保险费unchecked 不受控制的sustainable 可持续的Federal Reserve 美国联邦储备局Fed 美联储discount rate 贴现率open-market operation 公开市场运作vault 金库dealer （有价证券）券商unit 7trade credit 行业信用commercial paper 短期融资券factor （对应收帐等的）贴现account receivable 应收账款account payable 应付账款open account 开立账户，赊账帐户promissory note 本票draft 汇票obligation 义务，债务line of credit 信用额度secured/ unsecured 有/无担保的collateral 抵押物inventory 库存compensating balance 补偿余额revolving credit 循环信用the going interest rate 市场利率face value 面值factor 贴现商debt capital 债务资本corporate bond 公司债券equity capital 权益资本retained earnings 留用利润dividend 股息depreciation 折旧stock 一个公司的股票总称IOU 借据equity financing 股权融资share 股票其中的一张debt financing 借款融资capital structure 资本结构cash flow 现金流utilities companies 水，电等公用事业公司maturity date 到期日principal 本金redemption premium 赎金preferred stock 优先股callable 可召回的common stock 普通股creditor 债权人liquidation 清算unit 8managerial accounting 管理会计financial accounting 财务会计financial statement 财务报表balance sheet 资产负债表owner＇s equity 所有者权益patent 专利copyright 版权current assets 流动资产fixed assets 固定资产intangible assets 无形资产liabilities 负债current liabilities 流动负债long-term liabilities 长期负债current ratio 流动比率quick ratio （acid test ratio）速动比率rental revenue 租赁收入gross profit margin 毛利润率net profit margin 净利润率inventory turnover 库存周转率average inventory 平均库存account receivable turnover 应收账款周转率return on owner＇s investment 投资回报率unit 9securities market 证券市场underwrite 承销broker 经纪人stock exchange 股票交易所stock brokerage 股票经销商（公司）bull 预计股价会涨者，买多者bear 预计股票会跌者，卖空者speculator 投机者forfeit 放弃growth stocks 绩优股blue chip 蓝筹股，绩优股speculative issues 收益与风险俱大的股票unit 10risk management 风险管理works-in-process 半成品probability 概率pirating 海盗活动the Strait of Malacca马六甲海峡hedging 套期保值feed 饲料risk-sharing mechanism风险分担机制premium 保险费insurance policy 保险合同insurable interest 可保利益indemnity 补偿subrogation 代位proximate cause 近因insured 保户dependent 抚养人utmost good faith 最大诚信compensation 赔偿contribution 全部赔偿不能超过应得补偿insurable risk 可保风险underwrite 承保policyholder 保户property insurance 财产险marine insurance 海险adversity 灾祸aviation insurance 航空险liability insurance 责任险premises 单位，私家所属的场所worker＇s compensation 工伤赔偿split-liability 责任分担vandalism 打砸等破坏行为no-fault auto insurance 无过错汽车保险reimburse 报销surgical expenses 手术费用hospital expenses 住院费用cafeteria plan 自选组合term life insurance 简单寿险limited payment life insurance 定期寿险endowment life insurance 增值寿险straight life insurance 完全寿险group life insurance 集团寿险key person insurance 关键人物险credit life insurance 信用寿险fidelity bond 忠实险surety bond 履行义务险unit 11common law 普通法，习惯法，判例法statutory law 制定法，成文法regulatory law 行政法规jurisdiction 管辖，权限lawful purpose 合法目的competency of parties 合同各方具备能力voluntary agreement 自愿缔约meeting of the minds 合意coercion 胁迫fraudulent manipulation 欺诈操纵consideration 对价proper form 有效形式breach of contract 违约enforceable 可实施的，可执行的tort law 侵权法negligence 疏忽surgical forceps 手术用镊子title to property 财产所有权trial 试用cash on delivery 货到付款，交货付现free on board 离岸价格unauthorized 未经授权的royalty 版税，专利使用费license 允许使用（专利）warranty 担保merchantability 可用性refund 退款negotiable instrument 票据certificate of deposit 存款单maker （本票，支票）出票人drawer （汇票）出票人endorsement 背书blank endorsement 普通背书restrictive endorsement （指定收票人的）特种背书qualified endorsement 限定性背书without recourse 不可追索agency law 代理法principal 委托人，授权人agent 代理人power of attorney 委任书，授权书equitable 公平的terms of reference 授权范围overbill 开出超过合理数额的账单bankruptcy law 破产法petition for bankruptcy 破产申请referee 调解人trustee 托管人proceeds 收益extension agreement 延展协议reorganization 重组unit 13planning 规划means and ends 手段和目的organizing 组织chain of command 指挥链，指令链leading 领导motivate 激励，激发autonomy 自主权rewards 回报，奖励controlling 调控deviation 偏离，背离corrective measure 矫正措施chief executive officer 首席执行官function/division manager 部门经理operating manager 操作层经理human skills 人际关系技能conceptual skills 概括技能technical skills 操作技能recruit 招聘，招募political tint 政治色彩bottom-line manager 一线经理，基层经理proven track record 被实践证明的业绩记录headhunter 猎头公司job specialization 工作专门化departmentalization 部门化unity of command 统一指挥line authority 直线职权staff authority 职能（部门的）职权line-and-staff organization 直线――职能混合型组织responsibility 责任delegation分权，授权span of management 管理跨度，管理幅度hierarchical levels 管理层次，组织结构层次functional organization 按功能划分部门的组织divisional organization 按事业部划分的组织division manager 部门经理，事业部经理generalist 经验全面的人才，通才matrix organization 矩阵型组织standing committee 常设委员会ad hoc committee 特别委员会grapevine 非正式沟通的途径。

coinitializeex function -回复

coinitializeex function -回复什么是coinitializeex函数及其功能？Coinitializeex函数是Windows操作系统提供的函数之一，它用于初始化COM（Component Object Model）运行时。

COM是一种用于创建可重用软件组件的技术框架，它允许不同的应用程序和组件相互通信和交互。

Coinitializeex函数的主要功能是初始化COM库，为COM的操作提供必要的运行时支持。

Coinitializeex函数的原型如下：HRESULT Coinitializeex(LPVOID pvReserved, DWORD dwCoInit);该函数有两个参数：1. pvReserved：保留参数，通常设置为NULL即可。

2. dwCoInit：COINIT枚举类型的常量，用于定义COM库的初始化行为。

Coinitializeex函数的初始化行为参数COINIT包括以下几种选择：- COINIT_APARTMENTTHREADED：用于单线程或多线程模型的组件。

- COINIT_MULTITHREADED：用于多线程模型的组件。

- COINIT_DISABLE_OLE1DDE：禁用对OLE1 DDE（Dynamic Data Exchange）的支持。

- COINIT_SPEED_OVER_MEMORY：更高的性能。

可以根据程序的需求选择合适的初始化行为参数。

Coinitializeex函数的工作原理和过程：1. 首先，Coinitializeex函数会检查当前线程是否已经成功初始化COM 库。

如果已经初始化，则会返回一种代码（如RPC_E_CHANGED_MODE）表示该线程已经成功初始化过。

2. 如果当前线程尚未初始化COM库，则Coinitializeex函数会调用COM 库的初始化函数CoInitializeEx。

该函数会为当前线程创建一个COM运行时，该运行时将允许当前线程访问COM组件。

常见银行英语词汇_金融术语

常见银行英语词汇金融术语account number 帐目编号depositor 存户pay-in slip 存款单a deposit form 存款单a banding machine 自动存取机to deposit 存款deposit receipt 存款收据private deposits 私人存款certificate of deposit 存单deposit book, passbook 存折credit card 信用卡principal 本金overdraft, overdraw 透支to counter sign 双签to endorse 背书endorser 背书人to cash 兑现to honor a cheque 兑付to dishonor a cheque 拒付to suspend payment 止付cheque,check 支票cheque book 支票本order cheque 记名支票bearer cheque 不记名支票crossed cheque 横线支票blank cheque 空白支票rubber cheque 空头支票cheque stub, counterfoil 票根cash cheque 现金支票traveler's cheque 旅行支票cheque for transfer 转帐支票outstanding cheque 未付支票canceled cheque 已付支票forged cheque 伪支票Bandar's note 庄票，银票banker 银行家president 行长savings bank 储蓄银行Chase Bank 大通银行National City Bank of New York 花旗银行Hongkong Shanghai Banking Corporation 汇丰银行Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China 麦加利银行Banque de I'IndoChine 东方汇理银行central bank, national bank, banker's bank 中央银行bank of issue, bank of circulation 发行币银行commercial bank 商业银行，储蓄信贷银行member bank, credit bank 储蓄信贷银行discount bank 贴现银行exchange bank 汇兑银行requesting bank 委托开证银行issuing bank, opening bank 开证银行advising bank, notifying bank 通知银行negotiation bank 议付银行confirming bank 保兑银行paying bank 付款银行associate banker of collection 代收银行consigned banker of collection 委托银行clearing bank 清算银行local bank 本地银行domestic bank 国内银行overseas bank 国外银行unincorporated bank 钱庄branch bank 银行分行trustee savings bank 信托储蓄银行trust company 信托公司financial trust 金融信托公司unit trust 信托投资公司trust institution 银行的信托部credit department 银行的信用部commercial credit company(discount company) 商业信贷公司（贴现公司）neighborhood savings bank, bank of deposit 街道储蓄所credit union 合作银行credit bureau 商业兴信所self-service bank 无人银行land bank 土地银行construction bank 建设银行industrial and commercial bank 工商银行bank of communications 交通银行mutual savings bank 互助储蓄银行post office savings bank 邮局储蓄银行mortgage bank, building society 抵押银行industrial bank 实业银行home loan bank 家宅贷款银行reserve bank 准备银行chartered bank 特许银行corresponding bank 往来银行merchant bank, accepting bank 承兑银行investment bank 投资银行import and export bank (EXIMBANK) 进出口银行joint venture bank 合资银行money shop, native bank 钱庄credit cooperatives 信用社clearing house 票据交换所public accounting 公共会计business accounting 商业会计cost accounting 成本会计depreciation accounting 折旧会计computerized accounting 电脑化会计general ledger 总帐subsidiary ledger 分户帐cash book 现金出纳帐cash account 现金帐journal, day-book 日记帐，流水帐bad debts 坏帐investment 投资surplus 结余idle capital 游资economic cycle 经济周期economic boom 经济繁荣economic recession 经济衰退economic depression 经济萧条economic crisis 经济危机economic recovery 经济复苏inflation 通货膨胀deflation 通货收缩devaluation 货币贬值revaluation 货币增值international balance of payment 国际收支favourable balance 顺差adverse balance 逆差hard currency 硬通货soft currency 软通货international monetary system 国际货币制度the purchasing power of money 货币购买力money in circulation 货币流通量note issue 纸币发行量national budget 国家预算national gross product 国民生产总值public bond 公债stock, share 股票debenture 债券treasury bill 国库券debt chain 债务链direct exchange 直接（对角）套汇indirect exchange 间接（三角）套汇cross rate, arbitrage rate 套汇汇率foreign currency (exchange) reserve 外汇储备foreign exchange fluctuation 外汇波动foreign exchange crisis 外汇危机discount 贴现discount rate, bank rate 贴现率gold reserve 黄金储备money (financial) market 金融市场stock exchange 股票交易所broker 经纪人commission 佣金bookkeeping 簿记bookkeeper 簿记员an application form 申请单bank statement 对帐单letter of credit 信用证strong room, vault 保险库equitable tax system 等价税则specimen signature 签字式样banking hours, business hours 营业时间minimum paid-up share capital 最低实缴股本reciprocity 互惠corresponding bank 代理行liaison office 联络办公室moratorium 延期偿付权legislation 法规innovation 改革underwriting 包销merge 合并portfolio 资产组合unit trust 单位投资信托arbitrage 套汇capital adequacy ratio 资本充足率derivative 金融衍生工具maturity 到期日deregulation 放松管制redemption 兑现certificates of indebtedness 债务证书linked exchange rate 联系汇率accounting arrangements 会计安排resumption of sovereign 收回主权holding company 控股公司privileges 特权legal tender 法币medium of exchange 交换媒介deferred payment 延期支付face value 面值mintage 铸币homogeneity 同质权fiat money 不兑换纸币，名义纸币negotiable certificates of deposits 大额转让存单narrowly-defined 狭义定义的broadly-defined 广义定义的required reserve 法定准备金excess reserve 超额准备金monetary base 货币｛流通｝基础open market operations 公开市场操作auction 拍卖non-intervention 不干涉主义net balance 净差｛余｝额advance 贷款retained earnings 留存收益risk-weighted assets 风险加权资产off-balance sheet items 表外业务项目collateral 抵押claims 债权denominate 面值residual maturity 剩余期限mortgage 住房抵押arrears 拖欠尾数default 违约on-balance sheet items 表内业务contingency 意外开支repurchase agreement 回购协议recourse 追索权irrevocable 不可撤消rediscounting 在贴现market risk exposure市场风险position 头寸debt-to-equity ratio 资产负债比率treasure bond 国库券leasing 租赁money laundering 洗钱treasure bill 国库券bankruptcy 破产credit securitization 信用证券化real time gross settlement 实时全额清算off-shore 离岸clearing bank清算行discount house 贴现行privileged position 最优惠头寸building society 建房协会Japanese Big Bang 日本金融改革dual banking system 双轨银行制度wire transfer 电子转帐laissez-faire 自由放任主义negotiable 可流通的installment 分期付款benchmark 基准利率turnover 成交额outstanding 未付的in favour of 以^为受益人promissory note 本票unsecured 无担保的prime rate 最优惠利率preference share 优先股ordinary share 普通股warrant 认股权current market value 当期市值option contract 期权合同hedging 套期保值Provident Fund 福利基金beneficiary 受益人collecting bank 代收行code 代号，代码，密码uncleared cheque 未清偿支票invoice 发票credit transfer 信用转帐endorsement 背书bearer 持票人defective title 有瑕疵的所有权down payment 首付款traveller's cheque 旅行支票bearer bonds 不记名债券crossed cheque划线支票countersign 联署paying bank 付款行transferable 可转让holder in due course 正当持票人holder in value 有代价持票人overdue 过期dishonoured cheque 拒付支票repo repurchase agreement 回购协议countermand 取消garnishee order 向第三债务人下达的资产扣押令winding-up 停业清理secured loan 担保贷款overdraft 透支real estate mortgage 房地产抵押chattel mortgage 动产抵押in presence of 提示reimbursement 偿还withholding interest tax 预扣税custodian 保管access 准入automatic teller machine 自动取款机personal identity number 密码.个人识别号passbook 存折insurance broker 保险经纪人working capital loan 周转资金start-up loan 创业贷款syndicated loan 辛迪加贷款project financing 项目融资foreign trade financing 对外贸易融资current assets 流动资产accounts receivable 应收帐款agent bank 代理行drawdown period 支用期grace period 宽限期principle 本金tombstone 证券发行公告factoring facilities 保理业务open credit 无担保贷款factor 保理人lessee 承租人lessor 出租人non-resourse 无追索权financial lease 金融租赁operating lease 经营租赁full payout lease 支付租赁conditional lease 条件租赁leverage lease 杠杆租赁electronic date interchange services 电子数据交换服务retail bank 商业零售银行private bank 私人银行merchant bank 商人银行risk preference 风险偏好risk taking investor 甘冒风险的投资者risk aversion investor 逃避风险的投资者macroeconomic oriented 以宏观经济为导向的equities origination 股票发行venture capital financing 风险资本融资the spread 价差interest rate swap 利率互换leverage buyout 杠杆收购junk bond 垃圾债券red chips 红筹股"h" shares H股trustee 受托人collection 托收production combination 生产联合production cost 生产成本comparative advantage 相对优势middle agent 中间代理eliminate exchange risk 消除外汇风险shipping insurance 海险guarantee 担保performance bond 履约保证import credit 进口信贷dividends 分红money transfer 转帐bank draft 银行汇票mail transfer 信汇telegraphic transfer 电汇test key测试密钥telex 电报Society for World Inter-bank Financial Telecommunications 环球银行间金融电讯协会standardized format 标准格式clearing house 结算所computer code 电脑代码additional cost 附加成本foreign exchange rate 外汇汇率swing 浮动spot rate 现汇汇率market rate 市场汇率cross rate 交叉汇率forward exchange contract 远期外汇合同currency future contract 货币期货合同quotation 报价单rolling forex 展期外汇option on foreign exchange 外汇期权strike price 执行价格expiry date 到期日call option 多头期头put option 空头期权foreign exchange hedge 外汇套期保值foreign exchange swap 外汇掉期superannuation 养老基金pension funds 退休基金brokerage fee 经纪人佣金optimum profit 最高收益canon 标准illegal activities 非法行为speculative purpose 投机目的repayment schedule 还款安排balance sheet 资产负债表income statement 利润表long-term loan 长期贷款country-risk 国别风险quantitative yardstick 定量的评判标准credit risk 信用风险risk assessment 风险评估margin 保证金legal authority 法定权力memorandum and articles of association 公司章程cushion of assets 资产缓冲safe title 所有权credit reference agency 信用查询机构credit standing 信用状况consumer loan 消费信贷bonus 奖金gratuity 退休金track record 工作履历minor's account 未成年人帐户sole proprietors 独资企业private limited company 私人有限公司public limited company 公共有限公司inter-bank lending /borrowing 同业拆借the inter-bank money market 同业拆借市场local currency 本国货币marginal cost 边际成本inter-bank rate 同业拆借利率contingency payout 意外支出natural disaster 自然灾害legal status 法定地位documentary credit 跟单信用证documentary collection 跟单托收export credit insurance 出口信贷保险shipment policy 装运保险单issuing bank 开证行advising bank 通知行confirming bank 保兑行applicant 开证申请人irrevocable documentary letter of credit 不可撤消信用证reimbursing bank 偿付行negotiating bank 议付行verification 证实confirmed credit 保兑信用证payment in advance 预付贷款remitting bank 托收行collecting bank 代收行sight bill 即期汇票term bill 远期汇票clean collection 光票托收bill of lading 提单certificate of originairway bill 航空联运certificate of inspection 检验证明insurance policy certificate 保单证明open account 赊销premium 保险费第十六章特殊类型的借款者-商业部门stockbroking 股票经纪going concern 持续经营net profit 净收益audited accounts 经过审计的帐户registration certificate 注册证明inheritance 遗产tangible security 有形担保intangible personal guarantee 无形个人担保deed 契约dormant partner 不参与经营的合伙人limited partner 有限责任合伙人aggressive management 扩张性管理defensive management 保守性管理gearing 举债经营prior charge 优先偿付债券charges on assets 以资产抵押fixed charge 固定抵押floating charge 浮动抵押overtrading 超资力经营life policy 人寿保险depreciation 折旧indemnity 赔偿legal mortgage 法定抵押leasehold mortgage 衡平法抵押surrender value 租赁财产抵押stocks and shares 股票和证券unquoted shares 非挂牌｛上市｝股票cross-guarantee 交叉担保under influence 不正当影响misrepresentation 与事实不符合的陈述debenture 债券run down 削减acknowledgement 确认tangible assets 有形资产intangible assets 无形资产copy right 版权goodwill 商誉net worth 资产净值cash flow 现金流量current ratio 流动比率quick ratio 速动比率quality of assets 资产质量investment strategy 投资策略trend analysis 趋势分析debt to equity ratio 债务产权率debt service ratio 还本付息比；偿债比率amortization 摊销receivable turnover 应收帐款inventory turnover存货周转write off 注销recession （经济）衰退social unrest 社会动荡uncleared funds 未清算资金credit limit 信贷限额bad debt 坏帐loan restructuring 贷款重新安排recovery 追陪offsetting 补偿legal proceeding 诉讼litigation solicitor诉讼律师Baby bond 小额股票Background 背景background investigation 背景调查background material 背景材料Bad 坏的bad account 坏帐，呆帐bad debt loss 坏帐损失bad debt recovey 呆坏帐收回bad title 失效产权Balance 余额，结余，差额，平衡adverse balance 收支逆差balance budget 平衡预算balance of international trade 国际贸易差额balance of payment 国际收支balance sheet 资产负债表balance sheet audit 资产负债表审计balance sheet classification 资产负债表分类balance sheet evaluation 资产负债表评价closing balance 期末差额credit balance 贷方余额foreign currency balance 外汇余额keep balance 保持平衡loss balance 失去平衡negative balance 逆差retained balance from foreign exchange revenue 外汇收入留成余额summary balance sheet 资产负债汇总表Bank 银行all-purpose bank 通用银行bank account balance 银行存款余额bank balance sheet 银行财务状况表bank credit 银行信贷bank debt 银行债务bank discount rate 银行贴现率bank holding company 银行控股公司bank interest 银行利息bank line 银行信用额度bank loan 银行借款bank rate 银行贴现率bank reserve 银行准备金bank’s buying rate 银行买价bank’s call loan 银行同行拆借bank’s selling rate 银行卖价clearing bank 清算银行commercial bank 商业银行cooperative bank 合作银行mortgage bank 抵押银行Banking 金融，银行业banking institution 金融机构Banking Law 银行法banking sector 银行部门Bankrupt 破产bankrupt’s assets 破产者的财产Bankruptcy 破产act of bankruptcy 破产法案arrangement in bankruptcy court 迫产法庭调解bankruptcy administrator 破产管理人bankruptcy amendment act 破产修正案bankruptcy code chapter 7--- liquidation 破产法第7 章（清算）bankruptcy code chapter 11--- reorganization 破产法第11章(重组）bankruptcy court 破产法院bankruptcy debtor 破产债务人bankruptcy judge 破产判决bankruptcy law 破产法bankruptcy notice 破产公告bankruptcy ordinance 破产条例bankruptcy petition 要求宣布破产bankruptcy proceedings 破产程序bankruptcy rules 破产规定bankruptcy trustee 破产受托人declaration of bankruptcy 宣布破产Bargain 议价，讨价还价Basic 基本的，基础basic account 基本帐户basic accounting unit 基本核算单位Bear 空头，卖空bear account 空头帐户bear market 熊市，淡市bear transaction 空头交易Beat 还价，杀价Below par 低于票面价值Benchmark 基准Benefit 利益，受益，福利，津贴benefit country 受惠国benefit fund for employees 职工福利基金benefit program 福利计划Benefited 受益的benefited party 受益方Benevolent fund 慈善基金Beta 贝塔（与股票相关的）系数beta risk measurement 贝塔风险系数测定Bid 投标，报价，出价bid bond 投标押金bid opening date 开标日期bid price 买方出价call for bid 招标invite bid 招标Bidder 投标人，投标商Bidding 投标，出价bidding documents 标书Big Board 指美国纽约股票交易所Big Six 指美国六大会计事务所Big Three 指美国三大汽车公司Bilateral 双边的bilateral agreement 双边协议bilateral loans 双边贷款bilateral trade 双边贸易Bill 票据，帐单，发票，钞票bill receivable account 应收票据帐户treasury bill 国库债券Black 黑色的，黑市的blank market price 黑市价格black market transaction 黑市交易Blank 空白的blank check 空白支票Blanket 一揽子的blanket insurance 统括保险blanket mortgage 一揽子抵押Blue chip 兰筹股Blue-chip share 头等股票Blue-chip stock 热门股票Blue-collar worker 兰领工人Blue-sky law 兰天法（防欺诈凭空发行股票的法律）Board 董事会，委员会，理事会board chairman 董事长board meeting 董事会议board of administration 董事会，理事会board of arbitration 仲裁委员会board of audit 审计委员会board of directors 董事会，理事会board of executive director 执行董事会，执行委员会board of manager’s 理事，董事board of supervisors 监事会board of trustees 受托委员会Bond 债券，证券，公债bond broker 债券经纪人bond creditor 债券债权人bond discount 债券折价bond issue 债券发行bond market 债券市场bond premium 债券溢价bond rating agency 债券评级机构bond yield 债券收益callable bond 通知偿还债券convertible bond 可转换债券government bond 政府债券junk bond 拉圾债券listed bond 挂牌债券，上市证券mortgage bond 抵押债券municipal bond 市政债券preference bond 优先债券，优先股registered bond 记名债券treasury bond 国库债券unlisted bond 未挂牌债券，未上市证券Bonded 保税的，有抵押的bonded area 保税区bonded factory 保税工厂bonded goods 保税货物bonded warehouse 保税仓库Bonus 奖金，红利，津贴bonus issue 发放红利股bonus-percentage of profit 利润率分红bonus share 分红股，红利股Book 书籍，帐簿，记帐，定票，订货book depreciation 帐面折旧book-entry securities 记帐证券book inventory 帐面库存book of account 帐簿book profit 帐面利润book value per share 每股帐面价值标准实用文案Boom 繁荣，景气Borrow 借入borrow money on credit 信用借款Borrowed 借入的borrowed capital 借入资本borrowed funds 借入资金borrowed reserve 借入准备金Borrowing 借款，借用文档。

银行返回码解析

中国银行返回码Response codesCode Definition00 交易成功/Normal OK01 请与银行联系/Refer to Card Issuer03 无效商户/Invalid Merchant05 不批准交易/Do Not Honour08 请与银行联系/Honour with I.D. Only12 无效交易/Invalid Message13 无效金额/Invalid Dollar Amount14 无效卡号/Invalid Card Number15 无此发卡行19 请重做交易21 不做任何处理/No Action Taken25 无此交易/Record Not Found in File26 重复交易/Duplicate Record on File28 交易无法处理/Record or File Locked29 File Update Denied30 格式错误/Format Error33 过期卡/Card Expired34 有作弊嫌疑(没收卡)35 联系保安(没收卡)37 联系卡中心(没收卡)38 PIN输入超次（没收卡）/Capture Card - PIN RetriesExceeded39 无此账户/No Credit Account40 非法功能/Invalid Function41 挂失卡(没收卡)/Lost Card43 被窃卡(没收卡)/Card is Hot/Stolen51 余额不足/Insufficient Funds54 过期卡/Card Expired - Do not pickup55 密码错/Invalid PIN - Retry56 无此卡记录/Card Holder not on File57 非法交易/Transaction not allowed for Card59 有作弊嫌疑60 请与银行联系61 超出取款限额/Exceeds Withdrawal Limit62 受限制卡/Restricted Card63 违反安全保密规定/Invalid MAC64 无效原金额/Invalid Original Amount65 取款次数超过次数/Number of Withdrawals Exceeded 67 没收卡/Force Capture of Card75 PIN输入超过次数/PIN Retries exceeded77 结算不平/Invalid Business Date78 止付卡/Deactivated Card79 非法帐户/Invalid Account80 交易拒绝/Transaction Denied81 卡已作废/Cancelled Card84 联网暂断,重做交易/Issuer Down87 PIN密钥同步错/PIN Key Sync Error88 MAC密钥同步错/MAC Key Sync Error90 交易拒绝，芯片卡操作有误，请插入芯片卡进行交易（非法FALLBACK交易）91 交易超时/Message Timed Out92 重做交易或电话授权/Issuer Not Found94 重复交易/Possible Duplicated Transaction95 结算不平,上送交易96 系统异常/System malfunction97 终端号错误/Invalid ATM/POS IDs98 暂与发卡行失去联络/SW couldn’t get reply from IS99 PIN格式错/PIN Block ErrorN0 不匹配的交易/Unmatched TransactionN1 Valid Unmatched TransactionQ2 有效期错/Expiry Date does not Match with DatabaseSK 无效卡校验/Invalid Card Verification Value (CVV)Y1 脱机批准（用于EMV脱机交易时使用的值及基于PBOC的电子现金脱机消费交易）Y2 （保留在EMV脱机交易使用的值）Y3 无法联机，脱机批准（用于EMV脱机交易使用的值，暂不使用。

银行卡名词术语-ZH-EN

ADF分配ADF个人化机构ATM安全监控模块ATM保险柜ATM查询ATM前置处理系统ATM取现ATM授权安全报文交换安全处理费用及酬劳安全电子商务交易安全符合性检测清单安全哈希算法-1安全环境安全加密设备安全加密设备界面安全审计踪迹安全印制安全应用模块安全状态按计划的回收保护时间保密密钥报文标识符报文功能报文鉴别报文鉴别码报文类型代码报文位图报文摘要报文转发暴力取现本地交易本地交易凭证本地结算本地授权本行交易编码错卡标签、长度、数值表面粗糙度剥离强度补充明细不可否认性不可逆加密不良持卡人系统不良商户系统部分迁移的发卡机构部分授权CA证书CRL分发点裁判参考CIV参考PIN操纵操作员侧录测试方法策略限定符策略映射查询明细查询余额差错处理平台差错交易长连接超时限值撤销撤销转账持卡人持卡人接入设备持卡人身份识别值持卡人验证方法结果持卡人验证方法列表持卡人折扣持卡人证书持卡人自助终端持卡者标识尺寸稳定性冲突冲正出钞模块初始化向量初始密码初始文本序列处理费处理选项数据对象列表处理优先级处理优先级代码触点穿墙式穿透串联磁道数据磁条磁条镜像磁条卡磁条芯片复合卡磁条阅读器磁通翻转从属认证中心促销代码存储卡存储转发存款模块大堂式代付交易代理业务代收交易代授权待加密元素贷记调整贷记交易贷记卡单信息交易单一IC系统导出密钥地址验证第二辅助账号第三方转账第一辅助账号电话支付中心电话支付终端电子存折电子柜电子钱包电子锁电子现金电子资金转账电子资金转账系统钓盗现金调单调单回复调单展期动态币种转换动态联机卡片认证方法动态密钥动态数据认证动态数据认证数据对象列表动态弯曲应力读磁条终端短连接短文件标识符对称加密技术对称密码对称算法多媒体公共支付终端多媒体功能模块EMV标准EMV机构二磁二磁等价数据二次退单发卡后应用修改发卡行mac主密钥发卡行标识代码发卡行标识域发卡行公钥余数发卡行公钥证书发卡行公钥指数发卡行加密主密钥发卡行认证数据发卡行私钥发卡行行为代码发卡行应用数据发卡行直接认证授权模式发起方反攻击性反射攻击防攻击设备防攻击性非对称加密技术非对称密码非对称密码体系非对称密钥对非对称密钥对生成器非对称算法非关联圈存非接触卡非指定账户圈存非自主清算费用分单分期付款分散参数风险备付金封装机构服务代码服务点输入方式码副卡个人化个人化数据个人鉴别信息个人识别码根密钥工作密钥公共服务平台公共支付平台公共支付终端公钥公钥分配体系攻击关联圈存国内交易过期卡哈希算法标识符合法用户后台维护模块会话密钥货币清算服务ICA号IC的封装IC的组装IC卡动态数IC卡读写器IC卡交易IC卡私钥IC卡终端IC组件ID-000型卡ID-1型卡ID-2型卡ID-3型卡IIN的块机械密码锁基本文件基准电流基准信号幅度即用资金集成电路集成电路厂商集成电路卡集成电路模块加钞周期加密加密PIN值加密设备加密算法加密校验数间联监视简化的芯片卡交易建立/撤销委托关系交易鉴别鉴别密钥降级使用交易交叉认证交互报文交换交易PIN交易报文交易参考号交易成功率交易点交易记录明细交易金额交易类型代码交易日期交易日志交易信息文档交易验证码交易验证码待读标志交易证书交易证书数据对象列表矫顽力脚本接近式IC卡接近式耦合设备接近式支付交易接近式支付设备接口设备解扣出错计数器解密借记交易借记卡金融报文金融交易金融类撤销交易金融税控收款机金融业务专用机具静态密钥静态数据认证静态数据认证标签静止状态卡段卡号卡片的"发卡后"应用更新卡片读写设备卡片风险管理卡片复制卡片认证方法卡片行为分析卡片验证结果卡片验证码卡片验证码2卡片有效期卡支付系统抗攻击性可检测功能可逆加密可燃性可信第三方可用资金跨行转账类型ABC累计脱机交易金额上限累计脱机交易金额下限检查冷复位离行式例外长款处理例外处理例外协商回复例外协商交易连续脱机交易次数上限连续脱机交易次数下限联机PIN验证联机方式联机交易联机卡片认证密文联机终端联系发卡行交易邻近式IC卡邻近式耦合设备逻辑安全性逻辑加密卡逻辑泄露MAC密钥密码服务报文密码函数密码计算密码键盘密码节点密码链密码模块密码生成密码系统密码修改/解锁密码学密文密钥密钥的不可逆转换密钥对的所有者密钥分割密钥更换密钥回收密钥加密密钥密钥空间密钥粒度密钥偏移量密钥生成模块密钥生命周期密钥有效期密钥装载模块密钥组件免息期敏感数据（信息）明文命令末端证书目录定义文件n位分组密码耐化学性PASM卡PIN尝试次数计数器PIN尝试限制PIN加密密钥PIN输入设备PIN验证PIN验证码PIN验证密钥POS参考号POS交易批次号POS流水号POS前置处理系统POS输入方式批准批准响应平均信号幅度凭条打印模块凭证签名的动态应用数据签名的静态应用数据签名条潜在泄露翘曲清分清算清算日清算数据清算账户清算滞纳金请款请求类交易圈存圈存交易凭证圈提确认查询认证业务申明认证中心认证中心公钥索引日志打印模块软件加密三磁商户类别代码商户退单比率设备安全性设陷盗取出钞设陷盗取存款生物特征验证时间变量参数时间槽协议识别卡实体鉴别收单网关收银终端授权授权报文授权参考授权参考号授权撤销交易授权交易授权请求授权请求密文授权日志授权响应授权响应密文授权者授权终端数据安全模块数据对象列表数据加密标准数据加密算法数据完整性数字签名数字签名系统双信息交易双重控制私有协议私钥TIM卡TKEY卡TSAM卡套卡提前回收替换通信方凸印退单退货托收脱机PIN验证脱机方式脱机终端弯曲韧性完全迁移的发卡机构完整的芯片卡交易伪随机伪随机数未使用的卡位冲突检测协议文件发送方文件接收方无触点的无法识别的服务代码无卡环境无人值守支付终端物理安全性物理泄露洗单系统成功率系统跟踪审计号现金充值现金存款机响应响应报文响应方响应码响应时间销售点系统销售点终端校验码协商解决泄露信用额度信用卡信用卡透支延迟付款掩膜一磁一次请款一次退单一次一密银联标识银亭银行卡交易交换网络银行卡前置设备银行自助设备应用应用标签应用标识应用参考货币代码应用定义文件应用货币指数应用基本文件应用交互特征应用交易计数器应用密文应用认证密文应用首选名称应用授权参考应用提供商应用文件定位器应用选择指示符应用用途控制应用优先指示器硬件安全装置硬件加密硬件加密机用户移动终端有卡环境预个人化数据预授权预授权撤销预授权完成预授权完成（请求）交易预授权完成（手工）预授权完成（通知）交易预授权完成撤销再请款再提交在行式粘连或并块占挂资金账户历史数据账户数据泄露事件争议证书证书标识符证书挂起证书回收证书回收列表证书链证书使用系统支付网关支付系统环境直联止付名单系统指定账户圈存智能卡中国银联安全输入模式中间证书终端终端MAC密钥终端PIN密钥终端标识码终端风险管理终端国家代码终端控制模块终端行为代码终端验证结果终端主密钥重复主机安全模块主卡主密钥主文件主应用主账号序列号注册的应用提供商标识专用文件转入确认转账追加预授权准贷记卡资金结算交易字典攻击（字符的）凸印起伏高度自动柜员机自动圈存自动售货机自动售油机自主清算自助终端最低限额ADF allocationpersonalizerATM safety monitor moduleATM safeATM inquiryautomatic teller machine front-end processing system ATM cash withdrawATM authorizationsecure messagingsecurity handling fee and rewardsecure electronic commercial transactionsecurity compliance check listsecure hash algorithm-1security environmentsecure cryptographic devicesecurity crytograhoic device interfacesecurity audit trailsecurity printingsecure application modulesecurity statusplanned revocationguard timesecret keymessage identifiermessage functionmessage authenticationmessage authentication codemessage type codemessage bit mapmessage digestmessage forwardingforcinglocal transactionlocal transaction receiptlocal settlementlocal authorizationon-us transactionmisencoded cardtag, length, valuesurface roughnesspeel strengthsupplementary detailsnon-repudiationirreversible enciphermentsystem of delinquent cardholdersystem of delinquent merchantearly issuerpartial authorizationCA certificateCRL distribution pointChina UnionPay securearbitragereference CIVreference PINmanipulateoperatorskimmingtest methodpolicy qualifierpolicy mappingdetail inquirybalance inquiryadjustment platformadjustmentpersistent connecttimeout valuereversereversal transfercardholdercardholder access devicecardholder identification value CVM resultCVM listcardholder discountcardholder certificatecardholder-activated terminal cardholder identification dimensional stabilitycollisionreversalcash teller moduleinitialization vectornatural PINinitial text sequenceprocessing feeprocessing options data object list processing priorityprocessing priority codecontactthrough-wall modepenetrateconcatenationtrack datamagnetic stripemagnetic stripe imagemagnetic stripe cardcombined IC and magnetic stripe card magnetic stripe readerflux transitionsubject CApromotion codememory cardstore and forwarddeposit modulebank book print modulemisembossed cardin-lobby modeagency paymentagent servicecollectionstand-in authorizationencipherment elementcredit adjustmentcredit transactioncredit cardsingle message transactionIC-only systemderived keyaddress verificationsecond subsidiary account numberthird-party transferfirst subsidiary account numbertelephone payment centretelephone payment terminalelectronic depositelectronic cabinelectronic purseelectronic lockelectronic cashelectronic funds transferelectronic fund transfer systemfishingretrievalretrieval responseretrieval postponementdynamic currency conversiondynamic onlinedynamic keydynamic data authenticationdynamic data authentication data object list dynamic bending stressmagnetic stripe terminaltransitory connectshort file identifiersymmetric cryptographic techniquesymmetric ciphersymmetric algorithmmultimedia public payment terminalmultimedia function moduleEMV standardEMVCotrack 2track 2 equivalent datasecond chargebackpost-issuance application changepost-issuance application loadissuerissuer master message authentication code key issuer identification numberissuer identification areaissuer public key remainderissuer public key certificateissuer public key exponentissuer master data encipherment DEA keyissuer authentication dataissuer private keyissuer action codeissuer application dataissuer secure authentication and authorization mode initiatortamper-responsive characteristicreflection attacktamper-evident devicetamper-evident characteristicasymmetric cryptographic techniqueasymmetric cipherasymmetric cryptosystemasymmetric key pairasymmetric key pair generatorasymmetric algorithmunlinked loadcontactless cardload on unspecific accountunself-determination settlementchargesplit transactioninstallmentderivation parameterrisk reserve fundembedderservice codepoint of service entry modesupplementary cardpersonalizationpersonalization datapersonal authenticating informationpersonal identification numberderivation keyworking keypublic service platformpublic payment platformpublic payment terminalpublic keypublic key distribution systemtamperinglinked loaddomestic transactionexpired cardhash functionhash resulthash algorithm indicatorauthorized customeroperator's display modulesession keyintracurrency settlement serviceICA numberIC embeddingIC assemblingICC dynamic numberICC reader and writerICC transactionICC private keyintegrated circuit card terminalIC assemblyID-000 cardID-1 cardID-2 cardID-3 cardblock of IINsmechanical lockelementary filereference currentreference signal amplitudeimmediate fundintegrated circuitintegrated circuit manufacturerintegrated circuit cardintegrated circuit modulecash replenishment periodencryptionencrypted PIN datacryptographic equipmentcrytographic algorithmcrypto check digitalindirect connectionspysimplified chip card transactionsetup/cancellation clientage transaction authenticationauthentication keyfallbackcross certificationinteractive messageexchangetransaction PINtransaction messagetransaction reference numbertransaction success ratiopoint of transactionelectronic fund transfer at point-of-transactiontransaction feetransaction countrytransaction countertransaction audit trailtransaction amounttransaction type codetransaction datetransaction logtransaction information documenttransaction authorization cryptogramTAC unread flagtransaction certificatetransaction certificate data object listcoercivityscriptproximity IC cardproximity coupling deviceproximity payment transactionproximity payment deviceinterface deviceGMAC countdeciphermentdebit transactiondebit cardfinancial messagefinancial transactionfinancial transaction cancellationfiscal cash register with EFT (electronic fund transfer) function special machines and tools for financial bussinessstatic keystatic data authenticationstatic data authentication (SDA) tag for signinginactivecard rangecard numberpost-issuance updatescard acceptor devicecard risk managementcard reproductioncard authentication methodologycard action analysiscard verification resultcard verification numbercard verification number 2expiration datecard payment systemtamper-resistant characteristictestably functionreversible enciphermentflammabilitytrusted third partyavailable fundcustomer input moduleinterregional settlementinterregional interchangeinternational transactioninter bank transferclass ABCupper cumulative offline transaction amountlower cumulative offline transaction amount check cold resetoff-bank modeexceptional surplus processingexceptionexception consultation responseexception consultationupper consecutive offline limitlower consecutive offline limitonline PIN verificationonline modeonline transactiononline card authentication cryptogramonline terminalrefer to issuer transactionvicinity IC cardvicinity coupling devicelogical securitysmart card with security logiclogical compromisemessage authentication code keycryptographic service messagecryptographic functioncipheringencrypting PIN padcryptographic nodecryptographic linkcryptographic modulePIN generationcryptosystemPIN change/unblockcryptographycryptogramkeyirreversible transformation of a keykey pair ownersplit knowledgekey replacementkey revocationkey encryption keykey spacekey granularitykey offsetkey generation modulekey life cyclekey synchronizationkey mailerkeying materialkey introductioncryptoperiodkey loading modulekey componentinterest-free periodsensitive data (information) plaintextcommandend certificatedirectory definition filen-bit block cipherresistance to chemicalsPSAM cardPIN try counterPIN try limitPIN keyPIN entry devicePIN verificationPIN verification numberPIN verification keyPOS reference numberPOS transaction batch number POS trace numberPOS front-end processing system entry mode of POSapprovedapproval responseaverage signal amplitudereceipt print modulereceiptsigned dynamic application data signed static application data signature panelpotential compromisewarpageclearingsettlementsettlement business date settlement dataclearing accountsettlement late fee presentmentrequest transactionloadload transaction receiptunloadconfirmation inquiryRivest Shamir Adlemanwarm resetcertificationcertification practice statement certification authoritycertification authority public key index journal print modulesoftware encryptiontrack 3merchant category codemerchant chargeback ratedevice securitytrapping for cashtrapping for depositbiometric verificationtime variant parametertime slot protocolidentification cardentity authenticationacquiring gatewaycash register terminalauthorizationauthorization messagereferral callauthorization reference number authorization cancellation transaction authorization transactionauthorization requestauthorization request cryptogram authorization logauthorization responseauthorization response cryptogram grantorauthorization terminaldata security moduledata object listdata encryption standarddata encryption algorithmdata integritydigital signaturedigital signature systemdual message transactiondual controlprivate agreementprivate keyTIM cardTKEY cardTSAM cardcard familyaccelerated revocationreplacecommunicating partyadvice messageraised areaembossingchargebackrefundcollectionoffline PIN verificationoffline modeoffline terminalbending stiffnessfull issuerwhole chip card transaction pseudo-randompseudo-random numberunused cardbit collision detection protocol file senderfile acceptercontactlessunrecognized service codecard-absent environment unattended payment terminal physical securityphysical compromisefactoringsuccess ratio of systemsystem trace audit numbercash replenishingcash deposit machineresponseresponse messagerespondentresponse coderesponse timepoint-of-sale systempoint-of-sale terminalcheck codenegotiated solutionscompromisecredit linecredit cardoverdraft of credit carddelayed paymentmasktrack 1first presentmentfirst chargebackderived unique key per transaction CUP logokiosk bankexchange network for bank card transaction prepositive facility of bank card networkbank self-service equipmentapplicationapplication labelapplication identifierapplication reference currency codeapplication definition fileapplication currency exponentapplication elementary fileapplication interchange profileapplication transaction counterapplication cryptogramapplication authentication cryptogramapplication preferred nameapplication authorization referralapplication providerapplication file locatorapplication selection indicatorapplication usage controlapplication priority indicatorphysically secure devicehardware encryptionhardware and security moduleuser mobile terminalcard-present environmentpre-personalization datapre-authorizationpre-authorization cancellationpre-authorization completionpre-authorization completion transaction (request) pre-authorization completion (manual)pre-authorization completion transaction (advice) cancellation of pre-authorization completionre-presentmentresubmissionin-bank modeadhesion or blockingheld amountaccount historical dataaccount data compromise eventdisputecertificatecertificate identifiercertificate holdcertificate revocationcertificate revocation listcertificate linkcertificate-using systempayment gatewaypayment system environmentdirect connectionspecific account loadsmart cardChina UnionPay secure information collection mode intermediate certificateterminalterminal MAC keyterminal PIN keyterminal identification numberterminal risk managementterminal country codeterminal control moduleterminal action codeterminal verification resultsterminal master keyrepeathost security modulemain cardprimary keymaster fileprimary applicationprimary account number sequence numberregistered application provider identifier dedicated filetransfer-in confirmationtransfersupplementary pre-authorizationsemi-credit cardsettlement transactiondictionary attackembossing relief height (of character)automatic teller machineauto-loadautomatic vending machineautomatic fuel vending machineself-determination settlementself-service terminalfloor limit银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准银行卡名词术语-中华人民共和国金融行业标准。

常见银行英语词汇_金融术语

account number 帐目编号depositor 存户pay-in slip 存款单 a deposit form 存款单 a banding machine 自动存取机to deposit 存款deposit receipt 存款收据private deposits 私人存款certificate of deposit 存单deposit book, passbook 存折credit card 信用卡principal 本金overdraft, overdraw 透支to counter sign 双签to endorse 背书endorser 背书人to cash 兑现to honor a cheque 兑付to dishonor a cheque 拒付to suspend payment 止付cheque,check 支票cheque book 支票本order cheque 记名支票bearer cheque 不记名支票crossed cheque 横线支票blank cheque 空白支票rubber cheque 空头支票cheque stub, counterfoil 票根cash cheque 现金支票traveler's cheque 旅行支票cheque for transfer 转帐支票outstanding cheque 未付支票canceled cheque 已付支票forged cheque 伪支票Bandar's note 庄票，银票banker 银行家president 行长savings bank 储蓄银行Chase Bank 大通银行National City Bank of New Y ork 花旗银行Hongkong Shanghai Banking Corporation 汇丰银行Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China 麦加利银行Banque de I'IndoChine 东方汇理银行central bank, national bank, banker's bank 中央银行bank of issue, bank of circulation 发行币银行commercial bank 商业银行，储蓄信贷银行member bank, credit bank 储蓄信贷银行discount bank 贴现银行exchange bank 汇兑银行requesting bank 委托开证银行issuing bank, opening bank 开证银行advising bank, notifying bank 通知银行negotiation bank 议付银行confirming bank 保兑银行paying bank 付款银行associate banker of collection 代收银行consigned banker of collection 委托银行clearing bank 清算银行local bank 本地银行domestic bank 国内银行overseas bank 国外银行unincorporated bank 钱庄branch bank 银行分行trustee savings bank 信托储蓄银行trust company 信托公司financial trust 金融信托公司unit trust 信托投资公司trust institution 银行的信托部credit department 银行的信用部commercial credit company(discount company) 商业信贷公司（贴现公司）neighborhood savings bank, bank of deposit 街道储蓄所credit union 合作银行credit bureau 商业兴信所self-service bank 无人银行land bank 土地银行construction bank 建设银行industrial and commercial bank 工商银行bank of communications 交通银行mutual savings bank 互助储蓄银行post office savings bank 邮局储蓄银行mortgage bank, building society 抵押银行industrial bank 实业银行home loan bank 家宅贷款银行reserve bank 准备银行chartered bank 特许银行corresponding bank 往来银行investment bank 投资银行merchant bank, accepting bank 承兑银行import and export bank (EXIMBANK) 进出口银行joint venture bank 合资银行money shop, native bank 钱庄credit cooperatives 信用社clearing house 票据交换所public accounting 公共会计business accounting 商业会计cost accounting 成本会计depreciation accounting 折旧会计general ledger 总帐computerized accounting 电脑化会计subsidiary ledger 分户帐cash book 现金出纳帐cash account 现金帐journal, day-book 日记帐，流水帐bad debts 坏帐investment 投资surplus 结余idle capital 游资economic cycle 经济周期economic boom 经济繁荣economic recession 经济衰退economic depression 经济萧条economic crisis 经济危机economic recovery 经济复苏inflation 通货膨胀deflation 通货收缩devaluation 货币贬值revaluation 货币增值international balance of payment 国际收支favourable balance 顺差adverse balance 逆差hard currency 硬通货soft currency 软通货international monetary system 国际货币制度the purchasing power of money 货币购买力money in circulation 货币流通量note issue 纸币发行量national budget 国家预算national gross product 国民生产总值public bond 公债stock, share 股票debenture 债券treasury bill 国库券debt chain 债务链direct exchange 直接（对角）套汇indirect exchange 间接（三角）套汇cross rate, arbitrage rate 套汇汇率foreign currency (exchange) reserve 外汇储备foreign exchange fluctuation 外汇波动foreign exchange crisis 外汇危机discount 贴现discount rate, bank rate 贴现率gold reserve 黄金储备money (financial) market 金融市场stock exchange 股票交易所broker 经纪人commission 佣金bookkeeping 簿记bookkeeper 簿记员an application form 申请单bank statement 对帐单letter of credit 信用证strong room, vault 保险库equitable tax system 等价税则specimen signature 签字式样banking hours, business hours 营业时间minimum paid-up share capital 最低实缴股本reciprocity 互惠corresponding bank 代理行liaison office 联络办公室moratorium 延期偿付权legislation 法规innovation 改革underwriting 包销merge 合并portfolio 资产组合unit trust 单位投资信托arbitrage 套汇deregulation 放松管制capital adequacy ratio 资本充足率derivative 金融衍生工具maturity 到期日redemption 兑现certificates of indebtedness 债务证书linked exchange rate 联系汇率accounting arrangements 会计安排resumption of sovereign 收回主权holding company 控股公司privileges 特权legal tender 法币medium of exchange 交换媒介deferred payment 延期支付face value 面值mintage 铸币homogeneity 同质权fiat money 不兑换纸币，名义纸币negotiable certificates of deposits 大额转让存单narrowly-defined 狭义定义的broadly-defined 广义定义的required reserve 法定准备金excess reserve 超额准备金monetary base 货币｛流通｝基础open market operations 公开市场操作auction 拍卖non-intervention 不干涉主义net balance 净差｛余｝额book value per share 每股帐面价值advance 贷款retained earnings 留存收益risk-weighted assets 风险加权资产off-balance sheet items 表外业务项目collateral 抵押claims 债权denominate 面值residual maturity 剩余期限mortgage 住房抵押arrears 拖欠尾数default 违约on-balance sheet items 表内业务contingency 意外开支repurchase agreement 回购协议recourse 追索权irrevocable 不可撤消rediscounting 在贴现market risk exposure市场风险position 头寸debt-to-equity ratio 资产负债比率treasure bond 国库券leasing 租赁money laundering 洗钱treasure bill 国库券bankruptcy 破产credit securitization 信用证券化real time gross settlement 实时全额清算off-shore 离岸borrow money on credit 信用借款clearing bank清算行discount house 贴现行privileged position 最优惠头寸building society 建房协会Japanese Big Bang 日本金融改革wire transfer 电子转帐dual banking system 双轨银行制度laissez-faire 自由放任主义negotiable 可流通的installment 分期付款benchmark 基准利率turnover 成交额outstanding 未付的in favour of 以^为受益人promissory note 本票unsecured 无担保的prime rate 最优惠利率preference share 优先股ordinary share 普通股warrant 认股权current market value 当期市值option contract 期权合同hedging 套期保值Provident Fund 福利基金beneficiary 受益人collecting bank 代收行code 代号，代码，密码uncleared cheque 未清偿支票invoice 发票credit transfer 信用转帐endorsement 背书bearer 持票人defective title 有瑕疵的所有权down payment 首付款traveller's cheque 旅行支票bearer bonds 不记名债券crossed cheque划线支票countersign 联署paying bank 付款行transferable 可转让holder in due course 正当持票人holder in value 有代价持票人overdue 过期dishonoured cheque 拒付支票countermand 取消repo repurchase agreement 回购协议garnishee order 向第三债务人下达的资产扣押令winding-up 停业清理secured loan 担保贷款overdraft 透支real estate mortgage 房地产抵押chattel mortgage 动产抵押in presence of 提示reimbursement 偿还access 准入withholding interest tax 预扣税custodian 保管automatic teller machine 自动取款机personal identity number 密码.个人识别号passbook 存折insurance broker 保险经纪人hire purchase 租购working capital loan 周转资金start-up loan 创业贷款syndicated loan 辛迪加贷款project financing 项目融资foreign trade financing 对外贸易融资current assets 流动资产accounts receivable 应收帐款agent bank 代理行drawdown period 支用期grace period 宽限期principle 本金tombstone 证券发行公告factoring facilities 保理业务open credit 无担保贷款factor 保理lessee 承租人lessor 出租人non-resourse 无追索权financial lease 金融租赁operating lease 经营租赁full payout lease 支付租赁true lease 真实租赁conditional lease 条件租赁leverage lease 杠杆租赁electronic date interchange services 电子数据交换服务retail bank 商业零售银行private bank 私人银行merchant bank 商人银行risk preference 风险偏好risk taking investor 甘冒风险的投资者risk aversion investor 逃避风险的投资者macroeconomic oriented 以宏观经济为导向的equities origination 股票发行venture capital financing 风险资本融资the spread 价差interest rate swap 利率互换leverage buyout 杠杆收购junk bond 垃圾债券red chips 红筹股"h" shares H股trustee 受托人collection 托收production cost 生产成本production combination 生产联合comparative advantage 相对优势middle agent 中间代理eliminate exchange risk 消除外汇风险shipping insurance 海险guarantee 担保performance bond 履约保证import credit 进口信贷dividends 分红money transfer 转帐bank draft 银行汇票mail transfer 信汇telegraphic transfer 电汇test key测试密钥telex 电报Society for World Inter-bank Financial Telecommunications 环球银行间金融电讯协会standardized format 标准格式clearing house 结算所computer code 电脑代码additional cost 附加成本foreign exchange rate 外汇汇率swing 浮动spot rate 现汇汇率market rate 市场汇率cross rate 交叉汇率forward exchange contract 远期外汇合同currency future contract 货币期货合同quotation 报价单rolling forex 展期外汇option on foreign exchange 外汇期权strike price 执行价格expiry date 到期日call option 多头期头put option 空头期权foreign exchange hedge 外汇套期保值foreign exchange swap 外汇掉期superannuation 养老基金pension funds 退休基金brokerage fee 经纪人佣金optimum profit 最高收益canon 标准illegal activities 非法行为speculative purpose 投机目的repayment schedule 还款安排balance sheet 资产负债表income statement 利润表long-term loan 长期贷款country-risk 国别风险quantitative yardstick 定量的评判标准credit risk 信用风险risk assessment 风险评估margin 保证金legal authority 法定权力memorandum and articles of association 公司章程cushion of assets 资产缓冲safe title 所有权credit reference agency 信用查询机构credit standing 信用状况consumer loan 消费信贷bonus 奖金gratuity 退休金track record 工作履历minor's account 未成年人帐sole proprietors 独资企业private limited company私人有限公司public limited company 公共有限公司inter-bank lending /borrowing 同业拆借the inter-bank money market 同业拆借市场local currency 本国货币marginal cost 边际成本inter-bank rate 同业拆借利率contingency payout 意外支出natural disaster 自然灾害legal status 法定地位documentary credit 跟单信用证documentary collection 跟单托收export credit insurance 出口信贷保险shipment policy 装运保险单issuing bank 开证行advising bank 通知行confirming bank 保兑行applicant 开证申请人irrevocable documentary letter of credit 不可撤消信用证reimbursing bank 偿付行negotiating bank 议付行verification 证实confirmed credit 保兑信用证payment in advance 预付贷款remitting bank 托收行collecting bank 代收行sight bill 即期汇票term bill 远期汇票clean collection 光票托收bill of lading 提单certificate of origin airway bill 航空联运certificate of inspection 检验证明insurance policy certificate 保单证明open account 赊销premium 保险费stockbroking 股票经纪going concern 持续经营net profit 净收益audited accounts 经过审计的帐户registration certificate 注册证明inheritance 遗产tangible security 有形担保intangible personal guarantee 无形个人担保deed 契约dormant partner 不参与经营的合伙人limited partner 有限责任合伙人aggressive management 扩张性管理defensive management 保守性管理gearing 举债经营prior charge 优先偿付债券charges on assets 以资产抵押fixed charge 固定抵押floating charge 浮动抵押overtrading 超资力经营life policy 人寿保险depreciation 折旧indemnity 赔偿legal mortgage 法定抵押leasehold mortgage 衡平法抵押surrender value 租赁财产抵押stocks and shares 股票和证券unquoted shares 非挂牌｛上市｝股票cross-guarantee 交叉担保under influence 不正当影响misrepresentation 与事实不符合的陈述debenture 债券run down 削减acknowledgement 确认tangible assets 有形资产intangible assets 无形资产copy right 版权goodwill 商誉net worth 资产净值cash flow 现金流量current ratio 流动比率quick ratio 速动比率quality of assets 资产质量investment strategy 投资策略trend analysis 趋势分析debt to equity ratio 债务产权率debt service ratio 还本付息比；偿债比率amortization 摊销receivable turnover 应收帐款inventory turnover存货周转write off 注销recession （经济）衰退social unrest 社会动荡uncleared funds 未清算资金credit limit 信贷限额bad debt 坏帐loan restructuring 贷款重新安排recovery 追陪offsetting 补偿legal proceeding 诉讼litigation solicitor诉讼律师Baby bond 小额股票Background 背景background investigation 背景调查background material 背景材料Bad 坏的bad account 坏帐，呆帐bad debt loss 坏帐损失bad debt recovey 呆坏帐收回bad title 失效产权Balance 余额，结余，差额，平衡adverse balance 收支逆差balance budget 平衡预算balance of international trade 国际贸易差额balance of payment 国际收支balance sheet 资产负债表balance sheet audit 资产负债表审计balance sheet classification 资产负债表分类balance sheet evaluation 资产负债表评价closing balance 期末差额credit balance 贷方余额foreign currency balance 外汇余额keep balance 保持平衡loss balance 失去平衡negative balance 逆差retained balance from foreign exchange revenue 外汇收入留成余额all-purpose bank 通用银行summary balance sheet 资产负债汇总表bank account balance 银行存款余额bank balance sheet 银行财务状况表bank credit 银行信贷bank debt 银行债务bank discount rate 银行贴现率bank holding company 银行控股公司bank interest 银行利息bank line 银行信用额度bank loan 银行借款bank rate 银行贴现率bank reserve 银行准备金bank’s buying rate 银行买价bank’s call loan 银行同行拆借bank’s selling rate 银行卖价clearing bank 清算银行commercial bank 商业银行cooperative bank 合作银行mortgage bank 抵押银行Banking 金融，银行业banking institution 金融机构Banking Law 银行法banking sector 银行部门Bankrupt 破产Boom 繁荣，景气bankrupt’s assets 破产者的财产Bankruptcy 破产act of bankruptcy 破产法案arrangement in bankruptcy court 迫产法庭调解bankruptcy administrator 破产管理人bankruptcy amendment act 破产修正案bankruptcy code chapter 7--- liquidation 破产法第7 章（清算）bankruptcy code chapter 11--- reorganization 破产法第11章(重组）bankruptcy court 破产法院bankruptcy debtor 破产债务人bankruptcy judge 破产判决bankruptcy law 破产法bankruptcy notice 破产公告bankruptcy ordinance 破产条例bankruptcy petition 要求宣布破产bankruptcy proceedings 破产程序bankruptcy rules 破产规定bankruptcy trustee 破产受托人declaration of bankruptcy 宣布破产Bargain 议价，讨价还价Basic 基本的，基础basic account 基本帐户basic accounting unit 基本核算单位Bear 空头，卖空bear account 空头帐户bear market 熊市，淡市bear transaction 空头交易Beat 还价，杀价Below par 低于票面价值Benchmark 基准Benefit 利益，受益，福利，津贴benefit country 受惠国benefit fund for employees 职工福利基金benefit program 福利计划Benefited 受益的benefited party 受益方Benevolent fund 慈善基金Beta 贝塔（与股票相关的）系数beta risk measurement 贝塔风险系数测定Bid 投标，报价，出价bid bond 投标押金bid opening date 开标日期bid price 买方出价call for bid 招标invite bid 招标Bidder 投标人，投标商Bidding 投标，出价bidding documents 标书Big Board 指美国纽约股票交易所Big Six 指美国六大会计事务所Big Three 指美国三大汽车公司Bilateral 双边的bilateral agreement 双边协议bilateral loans 双边贷款bilateral trade 双边贸易Bill 票据，帐单，发票，钞票bill receivable account 应收票据帐户treasury bill 国库债券Black 黑色的，黑市的blank market price 黑市价格Blank 空白的black market transaction 黑市交易Blanket 一揽子的blanket insurance 统括保险blanket mortgage 一揽子抵押Blue chip 兰筹股Blue-chip share 头等股票Blue-chip stock 热门股票Blue-collar worker 兰领工人board of administration 董事会理事会Blue-sky law 兰天法（防欺诈凭空发行股票的法律）Board 董事会，委员会，理事会board chairman 董事长board meeting 董事会议board of arbitration 仲裁委员会board of audit 审计委员会board of directors 董事会，理事会book of account 帐簿board of executive director 执行董事会，执行委员会board of manager’s 理事，董事board of supervisors 监事会board of trustees 受托委员会Bond 债券，证券，公债bond broker 债券经纪人bond creditor 债券债权人bond discount 债券折价bond issue 债券发行bond market 债券市场bond premium 债券溢价book profit 帐面利润bond rating agency 债券评级机构bond yield 债券收益callable bond 通知偿还债券convertible bond 可转换债券government bond 政府债券junk bond 拉圾债券listed bond 挂牌债券，上市证券mortgage bond 抵押债券municipal bond 市政债券preference bond 优先债券，优先股registered bond 记名债券treasury bond 国库债券unlisted bond 未挂牌债券，未上市证券Bonded 保税的，有抵押的bonded area 保税区bonded factory 保税工厂bonded goods 保税货物bonded warehouse 保税仓库Bonus 奖金，红利，津贴bonus issue 发放红利股bonus-percentage of profit 利润率分红bonus share 分红股，红利股Book 书籍，帐簿，记帐，定票，订货Borrow 借入book depreciation 帐面折旧book-entry securities 记帐证券book inventory 帐面库存。

value chain模型英文版

value chain模型英文版英文回答：Value Chain.The value chain is a business model that describes the steps involved in creating and delivering a product or service to a customer. It was first developed by Michael Porter in his 1985 book, "Competitive Advantage."The value chain is divided into five primary activities:Inbound logistics: This includes activities such as receiving, storing, and distributing inputs.Operations: This includes activities such as transforming inputs into finished products or services.Outbound logistics: This includes activities such as storing, distributing, and delivering finished products orservices to customers.Marketing and sales: This includes activities such as promoting and selling products or services to customers.Service: This includes activities such as providing customer service and support.In addition to these primary activities, there are also four support activities:Firm infrastructure: This includes activities such as finance, accounting, and legal services.Human resource management: This includes activities such as recruiting, hiring, and training employees.Technology development: This includes activities such as developing and maintaining technology.Procurement: This includes activities such as purchasing goods and services from suppliers.The value chain is a useful tool for understanding howa business creates and delivers value to customers. It can help businesses to identify areas where they can improve their efficiency and effectiveness.中文回答：价值链。

电子信用证信息交换系统报文交换标准1.0.3

电子信用证信息交换系统报文交换标准电子信用证信息交换系统报文交换标准（版本1.0.3）中国人民银行清算总中心2019年9月文档修订记录注：变化状态：A—增加，M—修改，D—删除修改内容摘要1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.目录文档修订记录 (1)修改内容摘要 (2)目录 (6)1报文交换标准概述 (8)1.1术语说明 (8)1.2业务标准 (8)2报文格式概述 (9)2.1报文结构 (9)2.2报文头格式 (9)2.3数字签名域 (12)2.4报文体格式 (13)2.5系统编号 (14)2.6其他约束 (14)3数据类型 (15)4报文清单 (18)5电子信用证信息交换系统报文（XML格式） (19)5.1信用证开证申请报文<ELCS.101.001.01> (19)5.2拒绝通知报文<ELCS.102.001.01> (27)5.3信用证修改申请报文<ELCS.103.001.01> (30)5.4信用证修改确认报文<ELCS.104.001.01> (39)5.5通知行修改申请报文<ELCS.107.001.01> (41)5.6寄单索款通知报文<ELCS.201.001.01> (44)5.7寄单索款修改报文<ELCS.202.001.01> (49)5.8到单确认报文<ELCS.203.001.01> (53)5.9退单报文<ELCS.204.001.01> (55)5.10议付业务报文<ELCS.211.001.01> (58)5.11到期付款确认报文<ELCS.212.001.01> (61)5.12拒付报文<ELCS.213.001.01> (65)5.13信用证付款申请报文<ELCS.221.001.01> (68)5.14信用证付款结果通知报文<ELCS.222.001.01> (81)5.15信用证注销/闭卷报文<ELCS.223.001.01> (82)5.16（复用CNAPS）自由格式报文<CCMS.303.001.02> (85)5.17信用证业务核对报文<ELCS.720.001.01> (90)5.18信用证业务对账申请报文<ELCS.721.001.01> (92)5.19原报文下载申请报文<ELCS.722.001.01> (94)5.20原报文下载应答报文<ELCS.723.001.01> (96)5.21系统状态变更通知报文<ELCS.801.001.01> (97)5.22登录、退出申请报文<ELCS.805.001.01> (99)5.23登录、退出应答报文<ELCS.806.001.01> (102)5.24强制离线通知报文<ELCS.807.001.01> (103)5.25（复用CNAPS）通用处理确认报文<CCMS.900.001.02> (105)5.26业务开通注册报文<ELCS.902.001.01> (105)5.27（复用CNAPS）数字证书绑定通知报文<CCMS.903.001.02> (110)5.28系统参数变更通知报文<ELCS.907.001.01> (112)5.29（复用CNAPS）报文丢弃通知报文<CCMS.911.001.02> (114)5.30（复用CNAPS）行名行号变更通知报文<CCMS.916.001.01> (115)5.31（复用CNAPS2）通信级确认报文<CCMS.990.001.02> (116)5.32（复用CNAPS2）探测请求报文<CCMS.991.001.01> (117)5.33（复用CNAPS2）探测回应报文<CCMS.992.001.01> (119)6公共业务组件 (119)7附录 (126)7.1附录一：TAG码和报文标签对照表 (126)7.2附录二：处理码及处理描述 (129)1报文交换标准概述电子信用证信息交换系统（以下简称ELCS）报文交换标准参照ISO20022方法论开发，全部报文均采用XML格式描述。

电梯专业术语中英文

abbreviation 缩语abnormal "不正常的,反常的"abnormality monitoring 异常监听abrasion 磨损abrasion resistant 耐磨性abrasive cloth 砂布absorb 吸收absorber 减振器AC drive 交流拖动AC feedback control 交流反馈控制AC motor 交流电机AC servo 交流伺服AC servo motor 交流伺服电机AC single speed 交流单速AC two speed 交流双速AC two speed motor 交流双速电动机AC variale speed 交流调速AC(alternating current) 交流电acanning cycle 扫描周期，扫描循环acceleration control system 加速度控制系统acceleration(accel)rate 加速器accelerator 加速器acceptance of lift 电梯验收acceptance period 验收阶段acceptance test 验收试验acceptanec certificate 验收证书access door 检修门access forbidden 禁止入内access lift 通道电梯access security 通道防卫access switch "通道开关,维修用开关"access way 进出通道accessibility "可通达性,接近的,难易程度"accessible 允许进入accessible space 允许进入的场地accessory "配件,附件"accident 事故accident insurance 事故保险accident prevention 事故预防accidental contact 触电accidental operation 误操作accordion door 折叠门accumulation 累积accumulator 蓄电池AC-GL machine 交流无齿曳引机acoustic "听觉的,声音的"acrew die 板牙activate "启动,触发"active mode 主动模式actual condition "实际状况,实际条件"actual load 实际载荷actual state 实际状况actual value 实际值actuate "开动,操作,激励"actuating linkege 操作连杆actuating magnet 操作磁铁actuation time 动作时间actuator "操纵机构,激励器,螺线管"actuator bracket 调节器支架actuator plate 调节板ACVF drive 交流调频拖动ACVF system 交流调频系统ACVF(AC varible frequency) 交流调速ACVV dirve 交流调压拖动ACVV system 交流调压系统ACVV(AC varible voltage) 交流调压adaptation "适应,匹配"adapter PCB 选通脉冲印刷电路板adapter(adapator) 适配器adapting 选配adaptive control system 自适应能力控制系统addendum "齿顶高,附录"addendum circle 外圆adding working drawing 附加加工图addition "附加物,加法"additional materials 附加材料address 地址adhesion "胶,粘合胶"adhesion protective oil 防粘油adhesive foil 胶粘薄膜adhesive tape 胶带adjacent 邻近的adjacent car "相邻轿厢,相邻电梯"adjacent entrance 相邻出入口adjusment 调试adjustable condensor 可变电容器adjustable resistance 可调电阻adjustable spanner 可调扳手adjustable speed electric drive 调速电力拖动adjustable wrench "活动扳手,可调扳手" adjusting screw 调节螺丝adjustor 调试员administation overjhead rate 管理费用标准administration cost 管理成本administration expenses 管理费用advance door opening 提前开门advance payment 预付款advanced "提前的,先进的"advanced carriage 超前拖板(选层器)advancing position reference value 超前位置参考值aerial cableway "空中缆车,架空索道"aerial ropeway "空中缆车,架空索道"aerial tramway "空中缆车,架空索道"aesthetic 美观after sales service 售后服务agency 代理agenda 议程air cord (门机用)航空钢丝绳air purifier 空气滤清剂air ventilator 通风管air-bleed 空气分泄器airborne noise 空气传播噪声air-condition 空调air-gap 气隙alarm 警报alarm bell 警铃alarm button 警铃按钮alarm buzzer 警报蜂鸣器alarm circuit 警报电路alarm system 警报系统ALC(autoclaved light-weight concrete) 蒸压轻质混凝土alcove arrangement 电梯U型排列法algorithm 算法规则系统align 校正aligning template 校正样板alignment 校正alignment gauge 校正量规alkali 碱all-computer-controlled 计算机全控的allocation "分配,分派"allocation of landing call 层站呼梯指令分配allowance "允用误差,加工余量"allowble stress for temporary load 允许暂时应力值alloy 合金alloy steel 合金钢alteration 改进alternate floor 隔层alumina 氧化铝aluminum 铝aluminum alloy 铝合金aluminum bronze 铝青铜aluminum cladding 铝制包层alumite 防蚀铝alundum 氧化铝ambient 环境的ambient noise 环境噪音ambient temperature 环境温度ammeter 安培计ammonia 氨amperage 电流强度ampere 安培amplification 放大amplification stage 放大等级amplifier 放大器amplifying tube 放大管amplitude 幅度analog adder 模拟加法器analog computer 模拟计算机analog speed card 模拟曲线板analog-digital converter 模拟-数字转换器analogue(analog) 模拟analysis 分析analysis mode 分析模拟anchor bolt 地脚螺栓anchorage "锚具,锚定"angle bar 角钢angle guide 角铁导轨angle iron 角铁angle iron frame 角铁框架angle of contact 接触角angle of deflection 导向角angle of inclination 倾斜角angle of lead 导程角angle of traction 曳引机包角angle of wrap 包角angle steel 角钢angular contact ball bearing 向心推力球轴承angular contact bearing 角面接触滚动轴承angular gear 斜齿轮angular retardationg 角减速度angular velocity 角速度anneal 退火annealing 退火annual inspection 年检annual report 年度报告annunciator "报音器,声音合成器"anode 阳极anodize 氧极氧化ANSI(America Nationa Standard Instirute) 美国国家标准协会anti-clockwise 逆时钟方向anti-corrosive paint 防腐蚀漆anti-creep 防蠕动anti-friction bearing 抗摩擦轴承anti-nuisance 防干扰anti-nuisance device 防捣乱装置anti-phase braking 反向制动anti-phase current 反相电流anti-rebound of compensation rope device 补偿绳防跳装置anti-residual 防剩磁anti-resonance 抗谐振anti-reversion device 防反转装置anti-rust 防锈anti-stall 防空转anti-vibralion pad 防震垫APM(automatic people mover) 自动人员运输机apparen power 视在功率apparent output 视在输出applicant 申请人application 申请application guide 应用指南aprons 裙板arbour "轴,杆"arc chamber 电弧隔离室arc protection 防电弧arc quenching 熄焊弧arc shield 电弧屏蔽arc suppressor 灭焊器architect 设计单位architecture 建筑学architrave 门框area 面积arm "臂,支路"armature 电驱armature coil 电驱线圈armature current 电驱电流armature lamination 电驱铁芯片armature shaft 电驱轴armature spider 星形轮armature winding 电驱绕组armoured 蛇皮管的armoured cable 蛇皮管电缆armoured conduit 导线管arrangement 布置arrival bell 到站铃arrival buzer 到站蜂鸣器arrival floor 到达楼层arrival gong 到站钟arrival rate 到站率article of consumption 消耗品artificial intelligence 人工智能artistic 工艺artistic face 工艺表面asbestos packing 石棉盘根ascending 上升ASIC(application specific integrated circuit) 专用集成电路assemble 装配assembler language 汇编语言assembly of hinge 铰链组装assign 分配astragal 装饰镶条atmospheric influence 大气影响attachment 附件attendant control 有司机控制attendant control compartment 有司机控制盒attendant operation 有司机操作audible signal 音响信号audio tape recording 磁带录音authority "当局,核准部门"authority of lift acceptance 电梯验收部门authorized "授权的,核准的"authorized user 核准使用者auto-adaptation 自适用AutoCAD 自动计算机辅助设计autographic recoder 自动记录仪automatic 自动的automatic allocator 自动分派器automatic by-pass 自动直驶automatic center opening sliding door 自动中分式滑动门automatic closer 自动关闭门automatic dispatch 自动调度automatic door 自动门automatic homing 自动回基层automatic landing 自动停站automatic landing system by spare battery 靠备用蓄电池的自动停站设备automatic leveling 自动平层automatic lubricator 自动润滑装置automatic parking garage 自动停车库automatic parking system 自动停车系统automatic relevelling 自动平层校正automatic rescue device 应急救助装置automatic return 自动返回automatic telescopic center opening sliding door 自动中分式折叠滑动门automatic telescopic sliding door 自动折叠式滑动门automobile lift 汽车电梯autowalk 自动人行道auxiliary apparatus 辅助装置auxiliary brake 辅助制动器auxiliary cicuit 辅助电路auxiliary contact 辅助触点auxiliary drive 辅助驱动auxiliary lock 辅助锁auxiliary materials 辅助量auxiliary value 辅助材料auxiliary winding 辅助绕组available area 有效面积average 平均average car load 平均轿厢负载average dispatching interval 平均调度间隔时间average interval 平均调度间隔时间average passenger waiting time 平均乘客侯梯时间average response time 平均应答时间average waiting quest 平均乘客量average waiting time 平均乘客侯梯时间axial flow fan 轴流式风扇axis 轴线axle 轴babbit 巴氏合金babbit lined bearing 巴氏合金衬里轴承babbit melter 巴氏合金熔化器babbit metal 巴氏合金babbit rope socket 灌注式巴氏合金绳头back current 反向电流back e.m.f 反电动势back lash 轮齿隙back plunger type 后部柱塞式(液压梯)back side "后侧,后边"back type governor 轴流式限速器back wall 后壁baked enamel 烤漆balace weight 平衡器balance 平衡balance chain 平衡链balance coefficient 平衡系数balanced traffic 平衡交通ball bearing 滚珠轴承ball cup 球形碗ball pin 球形硝ball stop valve 球形断流器ball type bearing 滚珠轴承ballast 镇流器balustrade deching 外侧盖板balustrade exterior panelling 外装饰板balustrade lighting 扶手照明balustrade panel 扶手板balustrade skirting 扶手群板balustrades 扶手装置bandsaw 带锯bank "银行,群组,排"bar "条,棒"bar code 条形码bar lock 杆式锁bare wire 裸线barricade "防护墙,隔墙"barrier "隔板,栅栏"base "基座,基础"base plate 基板basement 地下室basement service 底下室服务basement type 底吊式basic logic element 基础逻辑元件basic logic function 基础逻辑功能batch production 批量生产battery 电池battery- backed 电池支持的battery box 蓄电池箱battery charger 电池充电器baud rate 波特率BCD(binary coded decimal) 二进制编码的十进制beam 梁beam pad 井道内电缆保护垫片beam pulley 抗绳轮bearing 轴承bearing bracket 轴承支架bearing cap 轴承盖bearing load 轴承负荷bearing plate 承重板bearing play 轴承间隙bearing sleeve 轴承衬套bearing stand 轴承座bed lift 病床电梯bed plate 底座bell 铃belt 胶带belt drive 胶带传动belt grinder 胶带磨床belt pulley 胶带轮belt type moving walk 带式自动人行道bending 弯曲bending stress 弯曲应力benzine 轻汽油bevel gear 伞(斜)齿轮beveled washer 斜垫圈BGM (background music) 背景音乐BGM speaker 背景音乐扬声器bias "偏置,偏移"bid "投标,报价"bid table 报价单bidder 投标bidding cycle 投标有效期限bidding procedure 投标(报价)程序bil of delivery 发货单bil of lading 海运提单bill of expenses 费用帐单bill of materials 材料单billing 开发票binary 二进制binder 装订册bi-parting 对开式(上下开启)bi-parting door 垂直中分门bipartite light transistor 双分式光电管bistable magnetic swich 双稳态磁开关bistable switch 双稳态磁开关bitumen 沥青blade "叶片,刀片,锯片"blade connector 刀形连接器bleed-off circuit 泄放电路blind hoistway 盲(无门)井道block chart 方框图block diagram 方框图线路block of flats 住宅楼区blocking of control circuit 控制电路闭锁blower 鼓风机blower coil 吹弧线圈blower motor 风机电动机blue print 蓝图boading floor 登梯楼层boading time 登梯时间boarding 登梯boarding landing 登梯层站boarding passenger 登梯乘客boarding rate 登梯率boarding stop 登梯停站boarding zone 登梯区域bobbing 绕线管boldface type 粗字体bolt 螺杆booster 升压机border condition 边界条件bore hole "钻孔,镗孔"boring 镗boring lathe 镗床boring machine 镗床boring miller 镗铣床bottom 底部bottom car clearance 轿底安全高度间隙bottom car overtravel 底部轿厢越程bottom car runby 底部轿厢越程bottom clearances for car 轿底间隙bottom counterweight clearance 轿底对重间隙bottom counterweight overtravel 轿底对重越程bottom counterweight runby 轿底对重越程bottom door retainer 门下角bottom floor 底部楼层bottom runby 底部越程bottom slow down switch 底部减速开关bottom stop 底部停战bottom terminal floor 底部楼层bottom terminal landing 底部端站bottom terminal stop 底端停站box "盒,箱"box counterweight 箱式对重Braille 盲文字符brake 制动器brake arm 制动器臂brake contact 制动器触点brake coutact 制动器联轴器brake dish 制动盘brake drum 制动轮brake energy 制动力brake level 制动器杠杆brake lever 制动器手柄brake lining 制动器衬套brake linkage 制动器连杆brake operater switch 制动操纵开关brake pin 制动器悄brake press "折弯机,压弯机"brake pulley 制动轮brake release lever 制动器松闸手柄brake release magnet 制动器送闸磁铁brake release time 制动器松闸时间brake shoe 制动靴brake spacing 制动器间距brake spring 制动弹簧brake tension 制动器张紧力brake torque 制动器力矩brake wrench 制动器板手braking 制动braking distance 制动距离braking force 制动力branch circuit 分支电路brass founder 铸铜break "切断,破断"break-down 故障breaking load 破断负荷breaking strength 破断强度breaking test 破坏实验breather 通气管brick 砖brick-layer 砖砌工bridge circuit 桥式电路bridge connector 桥接器bridge jumper 桥接片bridge rectifier 桥式整流器bright controlling 光度控制broach 拉力broaching machine 拉床brochure 手册broken chain contact 断链触点broken circuit 断路broken drive chain contact 主驱动链保护装置broken drive-chain safety device 驱动链条保护装置broken rope contact 驱动链条列断安全装置broken step chain contact 断绳触点broken step chain device 断绳开关broken step chain safety device 梯级链断列触点broken step safety device 梯级破列安全装置broken tape sweitch 短带开关bronze 铜brunching "成组,成群"brush finished stainless steel 哑光不锈钢brush holder "刷握,滑环"brush yoke 刷架budget 预算buffer 缓冲器buffer base 缓冲器底座buffer plate 缓冲器板buffer plunger 缓冲器柱塞buffer return spring 缓冲器复位弹簧buffer stand 缓冲器台buffer striking plate 缓冲器撞板buffer stroke 缓冲器冲程buffer support 缓冲器支承buffer switch 缓冲器开关buider's work drawing 土建图纸buiding facility 大楼设施buiding supervision center 大楼监管中心builder 建筑单位building 建筑building area 建筑面积building contractor 建筑承包商building manager 大楼管理者building monitoring and security system 大楼监管和安全系统building population 大楼居住人口built=in 内装built-in escalator 组合式自动扶梯bumper 弹簧式缓冲器bumper rail 防撞板bumpy ride 颠簸振动的运行buried 埋入的burn in (程序)灌入burr "毛刺,毛边"burr free 去毛刺bus 总线bus bar 汇流条bush 衬套bushed bearing 加衬轴套bushing "衬套,轴套,套筒"butt joint "平接,对焊"button 按钮button switch 按钮开关buyer 买方buzzer 蜂鸣器buzzer switch 蜂鸣器开关bypass 直驶by-pass button 直驶按钮by-pass valve 溢流阀bypassed floor 直驶不停楼层bypassed stop 直驶不停层站C$F 到岸价cab "轿厢,座舱"cab interior 轿厢内部cabin "轿厢,座舱"cabinet "柜,厢"cable 电缆cable box 电缆箱cable car 缆车cable cleat 电缆夹具cable conductor 电缆导线cable entry 电缆引入cable hanger 电缆吊架cable hole 电缆孔cable joint 电缆接头cable termination 电缆末端cable trunk 电缆接头CAD 计算机辅助设计cage 轿厢cage door 轿厢门calculation 计算机辅助设计calibrate 校准call "呼梯,呼叫"call acceptance 呼梯接收call accepted 接受呼梯call accepted indicator 接受呼梯指示灯call accepted signal 接受呼梯信号call allocation 呼梯分派call assignment 呼梯指令分配call band 呼梯信号带call button 呼梯按钮call cancel 呼梯取消call canceling 呼梯取消call coincidence 呼梯重合call conmting system 呼梯计数系统call contrl 呼梯指令控制call emitter 呼梯指令发送器call input 呼梯输入call input capacity 呼梯输入内容call input device 呼梯输入装置call load 呼梯输入call memory 呼梯记忆call registered 登陆的呼梯call registered signal 登陆的呼梯信号call registration indicator 呼梯登陆信号call sequence 呼梯顺序call tegistration 呼梯登陆call-back 召修call-back message 召修信息callinfg board 召唤盒calling floor 呼体楼层calling landing 呼梯call-out response time 维修召唤应答时间call-out service 急修服务CAM 计算机辅助制造cam 凸轮cam for positive operation 强制操纵凸轮cam lever 偏心柄cam shaft 偏心轴cam tape control 偏心带控制cam-gear 凸轮传动装置cam-operated switch 凸轮(碰铁)操纵开关cancel "撤消,取消"cancelingof call signal 呼梯信号消除cancellation "撤消,取消"canopy "顶盖,大蓬"canvas 帆布canvas hose 帆布软管cap "帽,盖子"cap nut 螺母capacitance "电容,电容量"capacitor 电容capacitor motor 电容器电机capacity "载重,容量,定员"capacity plate 载量标牌capstan 绞盘captive roller safety gear 滚柱式安全钳car 轿厢car annunciator 轿厢报警器car approaching gong 轿厢到站预报钟car apron 轿厢入口群板car assignment "轿厢调度,轿厢分配"car automatic switch landing 轿厢开关自动停站car axis 轿厢中心线car back wall 轿厢后壁car botom clearance 轿厢安全高度car bottom overtravel 轿厢底部越层car bottom runby 底部越程car buffer 轿厢缓冲器car button 轿厢按钮car cab 轿厢体car call 轿厢指令car call button 轿厢指令按钮car call cancel 轿内召唤取消car call control 轿厢指令控制car call panel 轿厢(呼梯)指示盘car call stop 轿厢(呼梯)指令停车car cam 碰铁car canopy 轿厢顶盖car ceiling 轿厢装饰顶car coming indicator 轿厢驶近指示灯car control lever 轿厢操纵手柄car control switch 轿厢操纵开关car counterweight 轿厢对重car cross-head 轿厢上梁car depth 轿厢深度car dispatch 轿厢调度car door 轿门car door catch 轿门栓car door closer 轿门关闭器car door electric contact 轿门电触点car door guide shoe 轿门导靴car door interlock 轿门联锁car door lock 轿门门锁car door rail 轿门导轨car door sill 轿门地坎car door track 轿门导轨car elevator 汽车电梯car emergency exit "轿厢安全门,应急门"car emergency opening 轿厢安全窗car emergency release switch 轿厢应急释放按钮car enclosure panel 轿厢壁板car enclosures 轿厢壁板car entrance 轿厢入口car extetior "轿厢外装修,轿厢外表"car fan 轿厢风扇car floating movable platform 轿厢活动地板car floor frame "轿厢架,轿架"car frame "轿厢架,轿架"car frame attachment 轿厢框架附件car frame plank 轿厢下梁car frame upright 轿厢立柱car front 轿厢前壁car full control 满载轿厢控制car gate 轿厢门car gate contact 轿门触点car gate electric contact 轿门电气触点car guide 轿厢导轨car guide axis 轿厢导轨中心线car handle control "手柄开关操纵,轿内开关控制" car handrail 轿厢扶手car height 轿厢高度car illumination 轿厢照明car isolation 轿厢隔震器car leveling device 轿厢平层装置car lift 汽车电梯car light 轿厢照明装置car light panel "轿厢照明板,照明天花板"car lighting 轿厢照明car manual switch landing 轿厢手动开关停站car operation board 轿厢操纵盘car operation panel 操纵箱car overload 轿厢超载car panel 轿厢壁板car panel attachment 轿厢壁板附件car panel base 轿厢壁板底座car panel with window 轿厢壁板上窗口car platform "轿厢底,轿底"car platform guard 轿厢站台护板car platform sill 轿厢car position indicator "轿厢指示灯,轿厢位置显示"car position reference value 轿厢位置参考值car preference 轿厢优先权car push-button 轿厢按钮car rear wall 轿厢后壁car roof "轿厢顶,轿顶"car safety 轿厢安全钳car safety bar for dumbwaiter 轿厢安全棒(杂货梯)car safety gear 轿厢安全钳car safety mechanism switch 轿厢安全钳联动开关car sheave 轿厢绳轮car side emergency door 轿厢安全侧门car side opening 轿厢侧面开门car side wall 轿厢侧壁car sill 轿厢地坎car sling "轿厢架,吊架"car station 轿厢操纵站car status information 轿厢运行状态信息car stop 轿厢停止car suspension 轿厢悬挂装置car switch 轿厢开关car switch automatic floor stop operation 轿厢开关自动停站装置car switch control 轿厢开关控制car switch opration "手柄开关操纵,轿内开关控制"car top 轿厢顶部car top clearance 轿顶安全高度car top emergency exit "轿顶安全出口,轿顶应急出口"car top guard 轿顶护栏car top inspection device 轿顶检修装置car top inspection station 轿顶检修盒(站)car top light 轿顶照明装置car top protection balustrade 轿顶防护栏杆car top protection railing 轿顶防护栏杆car ventilation 轿厢通风car walls "轿厢壁,轿壁"car weight 轿厢重量car width 轿厢宽度carbon "碳,石墨"carbon brush 碳刷carbon contact 碳精触点carbon steel 碳素钢carburization 渗碳carburize 渗碳carburized hardening 渗碳硬化carburizer 渗碳剂card "卡片,纹板"card reader 卡片读出器cardan joint 万向接头carpet 地毯carriage charges 运费carry frequency "载波频率,开关工作频率"carrying capacity "载运量,载运能力"cart elevator 车辆运货电梯cartridge fuse 插塞式熔断器carving machine 刻模机cascade "级联,串联"cascade sub-loop 串接式子回路case "箱,盒,外壳"casing "保护套,外套"casing of cylinder 油缸套cassette tape 录音带cast bronze 铸青铜cast iron 铸铁cast steel 铸钢casting 铸造castor oil 蓖麻油catch "擎子,门扣,捕捉器"catch block 安全钳catch clip 捕捉夹钳catch device 捕捉装置cathode 阴极cathode ray tube(CRT) 阴极射线管cavitation "气穴,涡穴,饱和压力点"ceiling 吊顶ceiling assembling 轿顶cellulose 纤维板cement "水泥,胶合剂"cement concrete 混凝土cenrifugal brake 离心制动器center 中心center latch 中心门栓center line 中心线center of curvature 曲率中心center opening 中分式门center opening door 中分门center opening two speed door 中分四扇门center opening vertical sliding door 中分式垂直滑动门center plunger hydraulic lift 柱塞直顶式液压电梯center support "中心支撑,中间支撑,第三支撑"center-opening folding door 中分式折叠门centigrade 摄氏温度central alarm 中央报警central control board 中央监控盘central control room 中央监控室central jack 中心液压装置central position 中心位置centrifugal 离心的centrifugal cast 离心铸造centrifugal fan 离心式风扇centrifugal governor 离心式限速器centrifugal speed 离心速度centrifugal switch 离心开关centrifugal type governor 离心式限速器centripetal force 向心力ceramic capacitor 搪瓷电容certification 证书certifying body 认证机关chain 链条chain block 手拉葫芦chain bracket 链条托架chain drive 链传动chain drive elevator 链驱动升降机chain drive machine 链驱动机chain gear 链轮chain guard 链防护罩chain link "链节,链环"chain pitch 链条节距chain sag 链条下垂度chain sheave 链轮chain sprocket 链轮chain sustarned elevator 链支撑升降机chain tensioning device 链张紧装置chain wheel 链轮chain wheel track 链轮导轨chamger "倒棱,去毛刺"change switch 转换开关change-over contact 转化触点change-over landing 换乘电梯层站change-over switch 转换开关change-pole 变化极性channel 槽钢channel iron 槽铁channel steel 槽钢character "特征,字符"characteristic "特征,特性" characteristic curve 特性曲线charge "充电,收费"charged "带电,充电"charging contactor 充电接触器charging set 充电chart 图表chart of accounts 成本图表check valve 止逆阀chequer(checker)plate 网纹钢板chief engineer 总工程师chime 音钟chip 芯片chipboard 木屑板chisel 凿子choke "扼流,截流,阻塞"choke coil 扼流线圈chopper 斩波器chrome 铬chuck 卡盘CIF(cost insurance and freight) 到岸价cinder concrete 煤渣混凝土circle "周期,圆"circuit 电路circuit breaker "断电器,断路器"circuit diagram 电路图circular pitch 周节circulating pump 循环泵circulation 循环circumferential force 圆周力circumferential speed 圆周速度circumferential velocity 圆周速度CL(center line) 中心线clacking 盖板cladding 装饰clamp 夹clamp ring "压制环,加紧环"clamping jaw 夹钳clamping sleeve 夹紧套桶clamping strap 制动带class of loading 灾荷种类clear depth 净深度clear dimension 净尺寸clear door height 门净高度clear door width 门净宽度clear entrance to the car 轿厢入口净尺寸clear height 净高clear hoistway 井道净尺寸clear width 净宽度clearance between skirt panels 裙板间隙clearance bottom car 轿底安全高度clearance top car 轿顶安全高度clearance top counterweight 对重装置顶部安全高度cleated riser 梯级竖板clerance 间隙clevis U型夹client "客户,买主"clip 钳夹clockwise 顺时针的close circuit 闭合电路closed loop 闭环closed position (门)关闭位置closed position monitoring (门)关闭位置检测closed-loop control 闭环控制closed-type motor 闭合式电动机closer 关门器closing force (门)关闭力closing speed 门关闭速度closing travel 门关闭运行closing valve 切断阀clutch 离合器clutch component 离合器部件clutch plate 离合器板clutch release sleeve 离合器释放套管clutch spring 离合器弹簧CMOS 互补型金属氧化物(半导体)CNC(computerized numric control) 计算机数控coast to stop 滑行停车coating 涂层coaxial cable 同轴电缆cock 龙头code "码,符号,规程,规范"code of practice "实施规程,实用规程"code word 代号文字coding PCB(printer cicuit board) 编码印刷电路板coefficient 系数coefficient of friction 摩擦系数coil "线圈,绕组"coil case 线圈外壳coiled spring 螺旋弹簧coincidence memory 重合记忆coinciding call 重合呼梯指令cold cathode 冷阴极collapsible door 栅栏门collapsible gate "栅栏门,折叠式门"collapsible type door 折叠式门collar 环collecting brush 集电刷collecting ring 轴环collection "收集,集合"collective control 集中控制collective full automatic operation 全自动集中控制collective operation elevator 集中操作电梯collective selective 集选collective selective control 集选控制collector 集电路collision switch 碰撞开关color 颜色colored starnless steel 彩色不锈钢colorfast 不褪色的colorless 无色的column "柱,立柱"comb contact 梳齿板安全装置comb floor plate 梳齿板comb light 梳齿灯comb lighting 梳齿板照明comb plate 梳齿板comb plate contact 梳齿板触板comb plate safety device 梳齿板安全装置commutation 整流commutator 换向环commutator brush 整流子电刷commutator lug 整流片commutator metallic segment 金属整流器compact 紧凑的comparator 比较器compartment "隔板,隔室"compennsating device for hoist ropes 曳引绳补偿装置compensanting/equalizer disk 补偿/补偿器compensating 补偿compensating chain device 补偿链装置compensating condensor 补偿电容器compensating devece 补偿装置compensating rope 补偿绳compensating rope device 补偿绳装置compensating rope hitch 补偿绳绳头板compensating rope sheave 补偿绳轮compensating rope socket 补偿绳绳头compensating winding 补偿绳绕组compensating-rope sheave safety switch 补偿绳轮安全开关compensating-rope sheave switch 补偿绳轮开关compensation chain 补偿链compensation coil 补偿绳线圈compensation rope 补偿绳compensation sheave 补偿绳轮competent "有资格的,胜任的"competent personnel "有资格的人员,胜任的人员"competitor system 竞争机制component 部件compound wind motor 复励电动机compound wound 复绕comprehensive 综合的comprehensive maintenance contract "综合维修合同,全包维修合同" comprehensive service contract "综合维修合同,全包维修合同" compressing spring 压缩弹簧compression 压缩compression switch 压缩开关compressive stress 压应力compressor 压缩器compulogic system 电脑程序控制系统computer 计算机computer peripheral devices 计算机外围装置computer simulation 计算机模拟computing power 运算容量concealed "隐蔽的,暗式"concealed hinge 暗式链条concentrated load 集中载荷concentricity 同心性conclusion of contract 合同成交concrete 混凝土concrete hoistway 混凝土井道concrete machine block 混凝土机座concrete wall 混凝土墙condenser 电容器condenser for power factor improvement 功率因素补偿电容condition 条件condition of payment 付款条件conditions of contract 合同条件conducting wire 导线conductive 导电的conductor 导体conduit 导线管conduit fitting 导线管接头cone roller bearing 滚锥轴承conference room 会议室conical brake 锥形制动器conical pin 锥销conicity 锥度connect in series 串接connecting piece 连接件connecting rod "连杆,连接杆"connection 连接connection diagram of controller 控制柜连线图connector "接线柱,连接器"conract specification "合同规定,合同明细表"conract speed "合同速度,额定速度"consecutively departing 依次派出的轿厢console panel "控制柜,控制盘"constant "恒定的,常数"constant HP motor 功率恒定型电机constant speed valve "比例控制阀,调速阀"constant torque motor 力矩恒定型电机construction "安装,施工"construction crane 建筑起重机construction layout drawing 土建图construction platform "安装平台,施工平台"construction site "安装工地,施工工地"consultant "顾问,咨询机构"consumption 消耗contact 触点contact angle 接触角contact brace 触头撑条contact burning 触头烧损contact carrier 触头支架contact control 有触点控制contact control system 有触点控制系统contact finger "接触指,滑触头"contact forcibly actuated 强迫操动触头contact holder 触头固定架contact input 接触输入端contact load 保证(额定)载荷contact mat 触头垫片contact normally closed 常闭触点contact normally open 常开触点contact pressure 触头压力contact resistance 接触电阻contactless 无触点contactless control 无触点控制contactless control system 无触点控制系统contactless switch 无触点开关contactor 接触器contents 内容conter 计数器continuing travel indicator (轿内)继续运行指示器continuous line arrangement 连锁配置continuous speed regulation 连续速度控制continuous-pressure button 继压开关contract "合同,契约,承包合同"contract capacity "合同载重量,合同容量"contract load 合同负载contract of indemnity 赔偿合同contract party "合同方,合同当事人"contract work system 合同制度control 控制control amplifier 调节放大器control bus 控制总线control cabinet 控制柜control cable 控制电缆control circuit 控制电路control device for handrail brekage 扶手带断带保护装置control feature 控制特征control gear 控制论control guard for handrail breakage 扶手带断带保护装置control lever 控制杆control panel 控制屏control stand 控制台control station 控制站control switgh 控制开关control system 控制系统control system for elevator 电梯控制系统control technique 控制技术control type 控制形式control valve 控制阀control valve unit (液压)调节阀装置control voltage "控制电压,操作电压"controlled angle 控制角controller 控制柜controller base 控制柜底座controller cabinet 控制柜controller panel 控制屏controller wiring diagram 控制柜电路图controlling circuit 控制电路conuter-clockwise 逆时针方向conventional 常规的conventional lift 普通电梯converter "整流器,转换头"converter panel 换流器盘converter set 换流器组件converter unit 换流装置conveyance of passengers 乘客载运conveyer 输送机conveyer track 输送车轨道cooler 冷却装置cooler air-conditioner 空调制冷cooling 冷却cooling device for semiconductor 半导体冷却装置cooling fan 冷却风扇COP(car operation panel) 轿厢操纵盘copper 铜cord "绳索,芯线"cord drive "绳传动,(厅门)"core 铁心core press 铁心压力core ventilation 铁心通风cork 软木cork packing 软木盘根corner "角,隔"corner post 对角立柱corpus lift 尸体升降机correct phase sequence 正确相序correcting "修正,校正"correcting travel 校准运行correction "校正,校准"corrective maintenance 校正维修corridor 走廊corrosion proof 防腐蚀的corrosion resistant 耐腐蚀的corrosion resistant coating 涂防锈漆层corrosive 腐蚀的cost "成本,费用"cost accounting 成倍核算cost analysis 成本分析cost calculation 成倍计算cost comparison 成本比较cost effective 价格划算的cost element 成本项目cost estimate 成本估算cost of material 材料成本cost of production 生产成本cost price 成本价cost share 成本份额cost situation 成本状况。

“Green_Bank”_Atop_Sandstones

62CHINA TODAYEACH year as the Spring Festival draws near, Desheng Youliang Village in Nuanshui Township, Jungar Banner in Ordos City ofnorth China’s Inner Mongolia Autono-mous Region enters a new round of apple sales. In the 2,000 cubic meters of cold storage facility, workers are busy picking, packing, and loading.By staff reporter XIA YUANYUANThe Pisha sandstone region in Jungar Banner once suffered the most severe water loss and soil erosion in the world. In just a couple of decades, the apple industry has become a major business for the local economy.Pisha sandstone, known as the “can-cer of the earth,” covers more than half of the area of Jungar Banner. The devel-opment of traditional agriculture here was once considered challenging. How-ever, things began to turn around in the 1990s, after local villagers successfully planted and grew the first apple seed-lings. In just a couple of decades, the apple industry has now become a major business for the local economy.Atop SandStonesApple Orchards on Soft RocksPisha sandstone is a kind of soft rock in the semiarid region along the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River and is severely eroded by wind and rain-fall before being carried into the Yellow River. The Pisha sandstone region in Jungar Banner once suffered the most severe water loss and soil erosion in the world.In 2009, due to the poor living envi-ronment, the local government relo-cated Nuanshui Village which was badly impacted by exposed Pisha sandstone. Those migrants relocated to the Juxin community, not far from the township government. However, it was difficultECONOMY / NEW VISTAS63April 2024to carry out agricultural and husbandry production in this area, and the lack of livelihood posed a new challenge to the villagers.In 2015, Hua Shengming, Party sec-retary of Desheng Youliang Village, was inspired by the success of local villagers planting apple seedlings on Pisha sand-stone in the 1990s, and therefore took the lead in “growing apples on cancer rocks.”“The rock was so hard that we couldn’t use shovels, so we dug pits in the cracks between rocks with pickaxes,” Hua Shengming told China Today . “From selecting seeds, planting seedlings, filling soil, watering, hoeingweeds, and fertilizing — every step had to be trialed multiple times.” To their surprise, the land between hills in Desh-eng Youliang Village contained loose soil, and Pisha sandstones are retentive, airy, and high in trace minerals. The area also receives much sunlight throughout the year and has a huge variation in daily temperature. These natural condi-tions are ideal for apple growing.In 2015, villagers began to plant apple trees, and the planting area kept expanding with the increasing survival rate of apple seedlings. In the meantime, the local government in Jungar Banner provided assistance such as technical support, road construction, and ac-cess to utilities such as water, gas, and electricity to help the local apple indus-try develop. Due to these efforts and measures, now the area of apple trees for commercial purpose has reached around 153 hectares.“Our apples are juicy, sweet, and have an intense fruity flavor,” said Hua. The unique texture of Nuanshui Township’s apple is captivating for consumers. Apple forests can retain sand, pre-vent soil erosion, and purify the air, fundamentally reversing the fragile ecological conditions in Nuanshui. “The sustainable apple industry has become the best solution for local ecological protection and restoration,” said Wang Long, head of Nuanshui Township.Apple Trees Become “Gold” TreesHua Shengming is an apple grower who operates one of the largest apple orchards in Nuanshui. His orchard ex-panded from approximately 2.7 hectares in 2015 to around 6.7 hectares today,netting him increased income. “MyApple forests can retain sand, prevent soil erosion, and purify the air, fundamentally reversing the fragile ecologi-cal conditions in Nuanshui.An aerial view of Hua Shengming's orchard.Hua Shengming is picking apples in the orchard.64CHINA TODAYECONOMY / NEW VISTASorchard generates around RMB 1.4 mil-lion in revenue a year, with a net profit of RMB 900,000,” Hua said.In addition to Hua Shengming, more and more villagers in Desheng Youliang Village are getting rich from planting fruit trees. In 2019, with the support of the township government, 82 fruit farmers in Desheng Youliang Village jointly set up a cooperative and decided to develop a 10-hectare orchard, with 25 percent of the net profit allocated to the land contractors, and 75 percent dedi-cated to the village’s public welfare and its collective economic development. Today, the apple industry has be-come a pillar industry in Nuanshui. Over 20 varieties of apple trees are grown, producing up to five million kilos of fruit annually, generating over RMB 80 million in revenues and around RMB three million for the village’s col-lective income.In order to increase its share in the apple market, Desheng Youliang Village has had its 153 hectares of orchards certified as green food and gotten the brand name "Nuanshui Mountain" used by apple growers in the region approved, becoming the first regional brand of apples to originate from western Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.From “Ecological Forests” to “Industrial Forests”From planting to storage and pro-cessing to sales, the apple industry in Nuanshui is becoming specialized and market-oriented.In order to cultivate apples of better quality, the local government is scaling up orchard production by introducing new cultivation patterns, adding new varieties, and adopting other solutions. It also invites technical personnel to give lectures to growers on planting,pruning, pest control, mulching, and other technical knowledge concerning tree care at different stages.“In the past, villagers relied on old methods and past experience of grow-ing apple trees. A large number of grow-ers have emerged now equipped with modern technology and new manage-ment skills after professional training in forestry and fruit knowledge,” Party sec-retary of Desheng Youliang Village Zhao Yongjun said.To create greater value of its apple industry, Nuanshui is extending its industrial chain while continuing to expand its share in the market. It built a production and processing line and a fully automated filling line capable of processing 750,000 kilos of apple vinegar and drinks annually, aiming to improve the added value of apples; it also built a cold storage facility that is able to store 400,000 kilos of apples to prolong their shelf life. E-commerce platforms have also been utilized to sell apples in the larger market.In addition to these efforts, the local government has also cooperated with China Agricultural University to create a digitalized smart apple orchard base. “In the future, with the real-time data scrolling on the screen, growers will be able to find out in real-time the condi-tions of the orchard such as the lack of water and running low in fertilizer. Digi-tal means will help the orchard further improve quality and efficiency,” Zhao Yongjun told China Today .In addition to apple trees, Nuans-hui Township has also planted apricot trees, pine trees, seaberries, and other ecological forests. It has 13,333 hectares of seaberry forest, and 1,867 hectares of apricot forest. Those forests growing on the Pisha sandstone are becoming Nuanshui’s “green bank,” enriching local residents.CApple trees are thriving on the sandstone soil in Nuanshui Township.。

Value Chain(价值链)

–gain cost advantage/improve performance –increase competitive differentiation
•Value chain analysis is an analytical tool which can help provide
clarity to consultants and clients
Step one is determining the appropriate activities to map.
1. What are the activities?
Value Chain Methodology (2 of 2)
?
•Determine key steps in designing, producing, marketing,
VMR/Industry Collaboration
Competitive Positioning
valuech 7 ainValue Chain
Value Chain Analysis
•The concept •Value Chain methodology •Example
Agenda
valuech 8 ainValue Chain
Value Chain
Value Chaiห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ Analysis
•The concept •Value Chain methodology •Example
Agenda
2
Value Chain Analysis
The Concept
•Value chain analysis is a systematic method for disaggregating a

langchain实现原理_理论说明以及概述

langchain实现原理理论说明以及概述1. 引言1.1 概述在当今数字化时代，区块链技术以其分布式、去中心化和安全性等特点，在各个领域得到广泛应用。

作为一种创新的底层技术，区块链被认为具备颠覆性的潜力，能够改变传统行业的商业模式和生态系统。

本文将深入研究并论述langchain 技术的实现原理，旨在帮助读者更好地理解并掌握这一重要的区块链应用。

1.2 文章结构本文分为五个主要部分。

首先是引言部分，其中我们将简要介绍文章的背景和目的。

第二部分介绍了langchain实现原理，包括基本概念、架构设计和工作原理等内容。

第三部分对与langchain相关的理论进行了详细说明，包括分布式账本技术、智能合约原理和加密算法应用等方面。

第四部分概述了langchain 在不同行业中的应用场景及其竞争优势，并展望其未来发展趋势。

最后，在结论部分对langchain实现原理及其重要性进行总结，并提供未来发展的展望和建议。

1.3 目的本文的目的是介绍和解释langchain技术的实现原理。

通过深入探讨其基本概念、架构设计以及工作原理，希望读者能够全面了解这一区块链技术，并认识到它在各个行业中的潜在应用价值。

同时，本文还将对与langchain相关的理论进行说明，以便读者更好地理解其底层原理和安全性保障机制。

最终，我们希望通过本文的阐述，能够为读者提供有关langchain实现原理的详尽信息，并为未来发展提出展望和建议。

2. langchain实现原理：2.1 基本概念:langchain是一种基于区块链技术的分布式账本系统。

它通过将数据存储在分布式网络中的不同节点上，确保了数据的安全性和可靠性。

langchain采用了去中心化的机制，消除了中心化服务器的单点故障问题，并且能够实现更高效的数据交互和共享。

2.2 架构设计:langchain的架构设计包括以下几个关键组件：- 分布式网络：由多个节点组成的网络，每个节点都具有完整的账本副本。

eth_submitlogin methods

eth_submitlogin methodsToken经济是区块链技术的核心之一，而以太坊（Ethereum）作为最具代表性的公链之一，采用了一种称为以太（Ether）的数字货币作为其内部经济体系的代币。

为了进行以太坊的操作，用户需要进行登陆操作，即eth_submitlogin方法。

eth_submitlogin方法是以太坊提供的一种登陆验证机制，用于验证用户的身份并进行相应的授权操作。

这个方法需要传入用户的账户信息，并且会在登陆成功后返回一个用于后续操作的Token。

下面将一步一步回答有关eth_submitlogin方法的一些常见问题。

1. 以太坊登陆验证的目的是什么？以太坊的登陆验证机制主要有两个目的。

首先，它通过验证用户的身份，确保只有授权的用户可以进行相关操作，从而保障系统的安全性。

其次，登陆验证还可以记录用户的登陆行为并生成相应的Token，方便用户后续的操作，提高用户体验。

2. 如何使用eth_submitlogin方法进行登陆验证？使用eth_submitlogin方法进行登陆验证需要向以太坊节点发送一个包含用户账户信息的请求。

具体步骤如下：（1）构造登录请求：将用户账户信息封装成一个JSON对象，包含账户地址和私钥等信息。

（2）发送请求：将登录请求发送到以太坊节点，可以使用Web3.js等工具库来实现。

（3）等待验证结果：等待以太坊节点对用户账户信息进行验证，并返回相应的结果。

（4）获取Token：如果验证成功，以太坊节点会返回一个Token，用于后续操作。

3. eth_submitlogin方法和eth_sendTransaction方法有何区别？eth_submitlogin方法和eth_sendTransaction方法在使用方式和目的上有一些区别。

首先，eth_submitlogin方法主要用于身份验证和登陆操作，而eth_sendTransaction方法用于发送交易，并执行相应的智能合约。

外资银行英文简写

AAG Alternative Asset GroupACR Air Conditioning and RefrigerationALM Asset Liability ManagementAML Anti-Money LaunderingASAR Accounts Subject to Additional ReviewBAU Business As UsualBCA Business Credit ApplicationBCM Business Continuity ManagementBCP Business Continuity PlanBFL Banking Facility LetterBFP Buyer Finance ProgramBH Business HeadBIA Business Impact AnalysisBIL Business Installment LoanBJT Bipolar Junction TransistorBMLPO Business Money Laundering Prevention OfficerBoK Bank of KoreaBoP Balance of PaymentBORG Business Operational Risk GroupBORM Business Operational Risk ManagerBRR Business Risk ReviewBSD Banking Services DivisionBSSM Branch Sales and Services ManagerBU Business UnitBUH Business Unit HeadCA Corporate Affair / Corporate Advisory / Chartered Accountancy / Credit Authorities / Credit Analyst CAD Commercial Accepted DraftCBC Corporate Brand CampaignCBC Export Credit Bills on CollectionCBG Corporate Banking GroupCBN Credit Bills NegotiatedCBN(D) Credit Bill Negotiation with DiscrepancyCBRC China Banking Regulatory CommissionCBW Credit Bill Negotiation without RecourseCCC Customer Care CentreCCU Compliance Control UnitCCSP Cash Concentration Sweeping and PoolingCEO Chief Executive OfficerCF Commodity Finance / Corporate FinanceCFC China Franchise CorporatesCG Credit GradeC&I Corporate & Institutional BankingCIO Chief Information OfficerCLINT Commodity-Linked InvestmentCMLPO Country Money Laundering Prevention Officer CMA Collateral Management Agreement/AgentCMP Customer Management ProcessCMS Cash Management ServicesCMV Current Market Value市场估值COIN Credit Officer Identification NumberCOO Chief Operations OfficerCORG Country Operational Risk GroupCOSMOS Control of Spend, Management of Suppliers CPA Country Product AddendumCPML Commercial Property Mortgage LoanCP Report Customer Profitability ReportCR Client Relationship / Corporate Responsibility CRC Credit Risk ControlCRE Country Risk Exposure / Commercial Real Estate CRES Corporate Real Estate ServicesCRC Credit Risk ControlCRG Credit Risk GradeCRL Credit Reference LevelCRM Compliance Risk ManagementCRO Chief Risk OfficerCRT Cathode Ray TubeCSA Credit Skills AssessmentDA Document against AcceptanceDCR Desktop Computing RenewalDGCRO Deputy Group Chief Risk OfficerDLP Digital Light ProcessingDMD Digital Micromirror DeviceDDN Document Deferral NoteDO Development OrganizationDP Document against PaymentDSS Desktop Support ServicesDSSR Distributed Systems Service RequestEAD Exposure at DefaultEAR Early Alert ReportEBBS Electronic Banking Business SystemECMS Expanded Credit Master ScaleEDF Expected Default FrequencyEL Exposed LossEDF Expected Default FrequencyEFG External Financial GuaranteeER Economic revenueEP Economic ProfitEUC End User ComputingFAM Field Account ManagerFAQ Frequently Asked QuestionsFCY Foreign CurrencyFET Field Effect TransistorFI Financial InstitutionsFIE Foreign Investment EnterpriseFATF Financial Action Task ForceFFG Fit For GrowthFIRM Financial Institutions Risk ManagementFPD Flat Panel DisplayFSV Forced sale value折后估值FTP Fund Transfer PriceFRR Facility Risk Reference产品额度风险GA Graduate AssociateGAM Global Account ManagerGBOR Group Business Operational RiskGCCO Group Chief Credit OfficerGEM Global Emerging MarketGCA General Customer Agreement, General Acceptance Criteria GCAP Group Credit Authority ProfileGCC Group Credit Committee / Gulf Cooperation Council GCG Global Client GroupGCP Group Credit PoliciesGCR Group’s Capital Resources (Basel II definition)GCS Global Corporate SalesGED Group Executive DirectorGIS Group Information Security, Global Investor SalesGKCS Group Key Control StandardsGKCSA Group Key Control Self-AssessmentGM Global MarketGOR Group Operational RiskGORC Group Operational Risk CommitteeGPM Gross Profit MarginGRA Group Risk AppraisalGRC Group Risk CommitteeGRM Group Risk ManagementGSAM Group Special Assets ManagementGSSC Global Shared Service Centre, also known as the “hub”GTO Group Technology and OperationsGUM Genitourinary MedicineI6 Facsimile Indemnity FormIB Institutional BankingIC Investment CounselorIDEAL Initiate, Diagnose, Explore, Act and Leverage II Investors & IntermediariesILDP Individual Learning and Development Plan IPR Intellectual Property RightsIRD Interest Rate DerivativesIRS Interest Rate SwapISIC International Standard Industrial Classification ITSC Information Technology Service CentreJD Job DescriptionJO Job ObjectivesKCS Key Control StandardsKCSA Key Control Self-AssessmentKRI Key Risk IndicatorKYC Know Your CustomerLA Limit ApplicationLBMA London Bullion Market AssociationL&C Legal & ComplianceLCD Liquid Crystal DisplayLD Laser DiodeLED Light Emitting DiodeLGD Loss Given Default假设违约损失LLR Lessons Learned ReviewsLME London Metal ExchangeLN Lotus NotesLOA Letter of AwarenessLOC Letter of ComfortLPA Loss Payee AgreementLPM Local Product ManagementLPU Loan Processing UnitLUS Local Underwriting StandardMA Moving AverageMAC Minimum Acceptance CriteriaMANCO Management CommitteeMCCA Multi-Currency Credit AgreementMESA Middle East and South AsiaMLPO Money Laundering Prevention OfficerMM Middle MarketMNC Multi-National CorporatesMSA Master Service AgreementMTM Mark to Market对比现有市场价NAK No Adverse KnowledgeNCAO Net Cash After OperationNEL Nominal Exposure LimitsNEW Non-Employed WorkerNINA No ID, No AccessNPL Non-Performing LoanOA Open AccountOECD Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development OL Organization LearningOLT On-line TreasuryOR Operational RiskORM Operational Risk ManagerORMA Operational Risk Management & AssurancePAR Project Approval RequestPBOC People’s Bank of ChinaPD Probability of DefaultPDL Project Development LoanPDP Plasma Display PanelPEP Politically Exposed PersonsPFC Personal Financial ConsultantPFE Potential Future Exposure可能存在的未来敞口PGC Process Governance CommitteePHS 小灵通PIC Project Investment CommitteePIN Personal Identification NumberPMP Portable Music PlayerPPG Product ProgramPRD Pearl River DeltaPSID Peoplewise IDQA Quality AssuranceQDII Qualified Domestic Institutional InvestorRAI Risk Appetite IndexRAR Risk-Adjusted RevenueRBA The Reserve Bank of AustraliaRBI The Reserve Bank of IndiaRIWAC Risk-Weighted Assets and ContingentsRCO Regional Credit OfficerREITs Real Estate Investment TrustsRFX Rates & Foreign ExchangeRIWAC Risk Weighted Assets & Contingents风险权重比例RIM Risk Integration ModelRLT Regional Leadership TeamRM Relationship ManagerRMF Risk Management FrameworkRMLPO Regional Money Laundering Prevention OfficerROHS Restriction Of the use of certain Hazardous Substances in electrical and electronic equipmentRP Responsible PersonRPA Receivables Purchase AgreementRPTV Rear-Projection TelevisionRRU Rapid Response UnitRTO Risk Type OwnerSA8000 Social Accountability 8000SAFE State Administration of Foreign Exchange / Security Awareness for EveryoneSASAC State-Owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of State CouncilSCC Security Compliance CertificateSCF Supply Chain FinanceSCI Single Customer IdentifierSD Share Distribution / Solution Delivery / Services DeliverySEE Social Ethical and Environmental RiskSEF Structured Export FinanceSF Support FunctionsSGS Senior Group SanctionSMC Sales and Marketing CostsSME Small Medium EnterpriseSNPC Strategic Non-Presence CountrySOE State Owned EnterpriseSRL Special Reference List, is a list, produced by the Group, that consists of, among other things, Politically Exposed Persons and sanctioned entities.SSC Shared Services CentreSTD Sexually Transmitted DiseaseSTF Structured Trade FinanceSTR Suspicious Transaction ReportSWIFT Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial TelecommunicationTAM Trade Asset ManagementTAS Trade Approval SystemTB Transaction BankingTCA Trade Corridor AreasTES Twin Executive SanctionTFD Trade Finance DistributionTFT Thin Film TransistorTIM Technology Information ManagementTOR Terms of ReferenceUMLPO Unit Money Laundering Prevention Officer UORM Unit Operational Risk ManagerV A Virtual AccountVCGM Value Centre General ManagerVPN Virtual Private NetworkWB Wholesale BankingWBMG Wholesale Bank Management Group WBO Wholesale Banking OperationWBRC Wholesale Bank Risk CommitteeWEEE Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment WM Wealth ManagementWRF Work Request FormYRD YangTze River Deltaother：NB Nota bene, Latin for note well, i.e. pay attention e.g. Exempli gratia. For examplei.e. Id est. That is.etc. Et cetera. And so on.。

商务英语专业术语短语中英对照

abandonment charge 背弃费用absolute par of exchange 绝对外汇平价abritrage rate 套汇汇率above par 超过票面价值acceptance commission 承兑手续费acceptance fee 认付费acceptance for honor 参加承兑acceptance house 期票承兑行acceptor for honor 参加承兑人accepting bank 承兑银行accepting charge 承兑费accident beyond control 非人为事故account payable 应收帐，应付未付帐account purchase 赊买account receivable 应收帐款，应收未收帐account sales 销货帐，销货清单account of goods sold 销货帐目account of receiptsand payments 收支帐目account year 会计年度accounting statement 会计报表accounting unit 会计单位accrued expense 应计费用accrued item 应计项目accumulation of capital 资本积累acknowledgement 回单acknowledgement of orders 订单确认act of God 天灾acting manager 代理经理active demand 畅销actual cost 实际成本actual liabilities 实际负债actual price 实际价additional expense 追加费用additional order 追加订货additional premium 追加保费adjustment of exchange rate 调整汇价advalorem duty 从价税advance in price 涨价advance payment 预付款advance price 增价advance sample 预样advance settlement of exchange 预交外汇advance surrender ofexport exchange 预交出口外汇advice of arrival 到货通知advice of charge 付款通知书advice of shipment 货运通知advice of drawing 支票通知书advising bank (notifying bank) 通知银行advertisement matter 广告邮件advertising agency 广告社、广告代理advertising expense 广告费advertising media 广告媒体affiliated company 附属公司，联盟公司after charge 附加费率after date 日后，发票后after sight 见票后照付affidavit of export 出口宣誓书A grade 甲级（货品）against all risks 保全险agency agreement 代理协议agency contract 代理契约agent service 代理服务agreed upon 同意，商定agricultural products 农产品air-borne goods 空运货物air freight 航空运费air mail 航空邮件air-mail service 航空运寄air transportation insurance 空运保险all risk 全险all round price 包括一切费用价格all sorts of goods in stock 各种货物齐备allied company 联营公司alongside delivery 船边交货allowance on sales 销货折口alter an agreement 变约amicable allowance 友好让价amicable settlement 友好解决amount insured 保险金额amount of exports 输出额amount of imports 输入额analysis certificate 化验证书analysis report 化验报告announcing removal 迁移通知annual income 年收入annual interest 年息，年利annual production 年产量annual report 年报，决算书，年度财务报告anticipated buying 预期购买applicant for the credit 信用证申请人application fee 申请费application for conversion 折换申请书application for export permit 出口许可证申请书application for importof foreign goods 外货进口报单application for importation ofcontrolled commodities 管制货物进口申请书application for letterof credit 开发信用证申请书application fornegotiation of draftunder letter of credit 出口押汇申请书application for outwardremittance forapplication for space 舱位申请书application to passgoods through the custom 报关单apply by letter 通信申请apply in person 亲自申请apply for a position 申请职位apply for information 探询消息apply for remittance 托汇appointed store 指定商店appreciation of money 货币增值arbitrage of exchange 套汇arbitration clause 仲裁条款arbitration of exchange 汇兑率裁定army supplies 军需品arrival at port 入港arrival notice 到达通知articles made to order 订制品articles of luxury 奢侈品artificial flower 人造花as agreed (contracted) 按照合同as per sample 与样品相同Asian-dollar market 亚洲美元市场ask the price of 询价assignment clause 转让条款assignment of policy 保险单转让assistant manager 协理，副经理as soon as possible shipment 立即送运at a discount 折扣at a premium 超过票面之价值at a profit 获利，赚钱at sight 见票即付，即期at the market 照市价at par 平价auction price 拍卖价authority to purchase 购买委托证authority to pay 委托付款证average cost 平均成本average tare 平均皮重average unit cost 平均单位成本average unit price 平均单价average weight 平均重量award of bid 决标，定标Bback to back creditexport first 输出为先的对开信用证back to back L/C 对开信用证back to back creditimport first 输入为先的对开信用证back Valvation 倒起息bailee clause 受托人条款balance of payment 收支差额balance of trade 贸易差额balance sheet 资产负债表balance sheet analysis 资产负债俵分析bale breaking 松包bank acceptance 银行承兑bank balance 银行（存款）余额bank bill 银行票，纸币bank's buying rate 银行购买汇率bank's letter of credit 银行信用证bank charges 银行手续费bank commission 银行佣金bank draft 银行汇票bank holiday 银行假日bank hours 银行营业时间bargain offer 减价优待bargain sale 大减价barter arrangement 易货协议barter system 易货交易制basic price 底价be booked up 预定一空be booked for 购票be engaged in export 作出口bank notes 银行兑换票，钞票Bank of China 中国银行bank of commerce 商业银行Bank of Communications 交通银行Bank of InternationalSettlements (BIS) 国际清算银行Bank of Taiwan 台湾银行bank rate 银行贴现率bank reference 银行备咨banker's acceptance 银行承兑，银行信用证banker's credit 银行承兑汇票be held responsible for 应负赔偿责任be in default 不履行（契约）be in demand 销路好，有需要be in vogue 流行中be kept upright 保持正立bear (short) 空头bear a loss 负担损失bearish market 疲软市场become ( or fall) due 期满bedrock price 最低价berth terms 定期船条款best in quality 品质最优best seller 畅销品，畅销书be out of vogue 不流行beware of fire 小心火烛B grade 乙级bid bond 投标押金bid price 标价bid rate 买方出价，投标bilateral clearing 双边清算，记帐协定bilateral trade 双边贸易bilateral contract 双边契约bill accompanied by document 跟单汇票bill at sight 见票即付bill for collection 托收票据bill of exchange 汇票，押汇，国外汇票bill of landing 货运提单bill payable 应付帐bill purchased 出口押汇bill receivable 应收帐bill unaccompanied by 光票bill undue 期票未到bill with letter of credit 凭信用证汇票bill without letter of credit 无信用证汇票blank bill 空白票据blank check 空白支票blank endorsement 空白背书blank order forms 空白订单blue chip 上选股票board of administration 董事会board of directors 董事会board of supervisors 监事会bona fide 出于善意bonded warehouse 保税仓库bonded goods 保税货borrow money 借钱borrow money from (of) 由.....借钱bottom price 最低价boycott foreign goods 抵制外货branch office 分公司breach a contract 违约，背约break an agreement 违约，背约break bulk 下货，卸货break even 不赚不赔break even point 损益两平breat rate 破约汇率breakage 破损brisk (active;lively) 生意兴隆broker 经纪人brought down 移入下页brought forward 承上页bulk cargo 散货bulk sale 大宗卖bull market 上涨行情business card 商业名片business correspondence 商业通信business English 商业英语business expenses 营业开销business hours 营业时间business letters(commercial letters) 商业信函business-like 商业化的business school 商业学校business year 商业年度buy at a bargain 买得便宜buyer's market 买方市场buying agent 买方代理人buying and selling onbuying contract 买货契约buying expenses 购买费用buying price 买价buying power 购买力buying rate 买入汇率by mutual consent 双方同意by parcel post 包裹运寄by the gross 整批by the hour 按钟点by weight 按重量Ccable address(telegraphic address) 电报挂号cable charge 电报费cable cofirmation 电报确认书cable transfer 电汇calendar year 日历年度call option 买入期权，看涨期权can afford to 买得起cancel (write off) 取消capital account 资本账户capital in trade 本钱capital market 资本市场carbon copy 副本card-board box 纸板箱care of (C/O) 转交cargo in bulk 散装货cargo insurence 货物险cargo vessel 货轮carrying charge 储存费用carrying cost 储存费用carriage forward 运费由收货人支付carriage paid 运费预付carton box 硬纸盒，纸箱cash against delivery 付款交货cash against document 凭单据付款cash and carry 现金出货cash before delivery 付款后交货cash on arrival 货到付现cash on delivery(C.O.D) 货到付现cash price 现金价格cash purchase 现金购买cash receipts 现金收入cash register 出纳机cash with order 订货付款cashier's check 本票caution mark 小心标志ceiling price 最高价格Central Bank 中央银行Central Trust of China 中央信托局centralized purchasing 集中采购certificate and list ofmeasurement and/or weight 产量证明书certificate for advancesurrender of export exchange 预交出口外汇证明书certificate of analysis 化验证明certificate of inspection 检验合格证明certificate of import license 进口证明certificate of origin 原产地证明书certificate of shipment 出口证明书certificate of weight 重量证明书C grade 丙级（指货品）C.F. price 货价及运费价格chain stores 连锁商店chairman of board of directors 董事长chamber of commerce 商会charge for remittance 汇费charges paid 付讫费用charge (a sum) to one's account 记某人帐charter by time 论时收费charter by voyage 论航次收费chartered bank 指定银行cheap clearance sale 清仓贱卖cheap labor 便宜劳力check, cheque 支票，核对check mark 核对符号check payable to bearer 无记名支票check to bearer 不记名支票check to order 记名支票checking account 支票账户chemical works 化学工厂CIF value 到岸价格chief executive 董事长circular letter 传单circular letter of credit 循环信用证civil commotion 内乱claim for damages 要求赔偿损失claim for proceeds 应得价款之要求claim letter 赔偿要求书classified advertisements 分类广告clean bill 光票，清洁汇票clean bill of lading 清洁提单clean draft 光票，普通汇票clean floating 清洁浮动clear a port 出港clear a ship 卸货clearing house 票据交换所clearance sale 清仓大贱卖clerical error 记录错误close an account 结帐close inspection 严格检查closing quotation 收盘，收市行情closing rate 收盘汇率closing time 下班时间C.O.D; Cash on delivery 交货收款code number 标号数码code telegram 密电collated telegram 校对电报collecting agent 代收人collecting bank 代收银行collecting bill 收款汇票collection charges 代收费collection expenses 收款费用collection fees 收款费collection letter 收帐费collection of bills 代收汇票combined offer 联合报价come into operation 开始运作come into the market 进入市场come into vogue 开始流行comfirming bank 确认银行commence business 开始营业commercial abbreviations 商业略字commercial agent 代理商commercial agreement 商业合约commercial attache 商务参事commercial bank 商业银行commercial center 商业中心commercial bill 商业票据commercial credit 商业信用，商业信用证commercial correspondance 商业通讯commercial documentaryletter of credit 跟单信用证commercial letter of credit 商业信用证commercial paper 商业文件commercial profit 商业利润commercial relations 商业关系commission agent 代理商commission agency 代理贸易commission business 委托贸易commission broker 经纪人commission house 抽佣商行commission merchant 代理商commission sale 代售commodity price 商品价格common carrier 运输业者comparative advantage 比较利益competitive demands 竞争需求competitive market 竞争市场competitive price 公开招标价格compilation of statistics 编制统计complaints and claims 抗议并索赔consecutive numbers 连号condition sale 有条件销售conditional endorsement 有条件背书conditional acceptance 有条件认付conditional sales contract 有条件售货契约conference freight rate 协议运费coference tariff 公会议决运费表confirmed letter of credit 保兑信用证confirmation of order 订货承诺书confirmatory sample 确认样本confirming bank 确认银行considerable orders 大量订货consigned goods 寄售品consignment note 寄售通知书constructive total loss 推定全损consulate invoice 领事签证发票consular fee 领事签证费consular invoice 领事发票consumer demand 消费者要求，需求consumer goods 消费品consumer market 消费者市场container service 货柜运输contract for future delivery 订期货contract for purchase 承买contract goods 契约货品contract of sale 卖契control of foreign exchange 外汇管制conversion rate 折合率conversion table 换算表convertable currency 自由兑换货币Co-operative Bank of Taiwan 台湾合作金库copy of draft 汇票誊本corner the market 垄断市场correspondent bank 往来银行corrugated paper box 瓦楞纸盒cost and freight 货价加运费cost insurance and freight 货价，运费加保险cost, insurance,freightand commission cost 到岸价格加佣金（包括保险和运费）cost insurance,freightcommission and interest 到岸价格加佣金和利息cost, insurance, freightand exchange 到岸价格加兑换费cost free 免费奉送cost of goods sold 销货成本cost of labor 劳工成本cost of living 生活费cost of living index 生活指数cost of material 原料成本cost of maintenance 维持费cost of manufacture 制造成本cost of marketing 销货成本cost of operation 作业成本cost of production 生产成本cost of reproduction 复制成本cost of sales 销售成本cost of transfer 转移费用cost of transportation 运费counterfeit note(bill) 伪钞counterfeit trade-marks 伪商标counter L/C 对开信用证country of origin 原产地cover note 担保书cover letter 附信craft, etc. clause 驳船等条款credit analysis 信用分析credit card 信用卡credit information 信用报告credit inquiry 信用调查credit note 付款票credit sale 赊卖credit side 贷方cross out (off) 注销，取消cross rate 套汇汇率，套价cubic foot 立方尺cubic inch 立方寸cubic meter 立方公尺cubic yard 立方码cubic measure 容积，体积currency areas 货币区域current information 现行消息current price 时价current price on market 行市，市场价current rate 现价，当日汇率current year 本年度custom made 定制customs broker 报关行customs clearing charges 报关费customs duties 关税customs entry 海关手续customs invoice 海关发票customs warehouse 海关仓库customary discount 常例折扣customers' account 客户帐目cut down one's expenditures 节省开支cut down the price 减价Ddaily expenses 每日费用daily interest 每日利息daily necessities 日用品daily pay 日给工资daily reports 日报damaged goods 毁坏物品dangerous goods 危险货物date due 到期日date of contract 签约日期date of delivery 发货日date of draft 发票日期day of maturity 到期日dead weight cargo 重量物品deadweight ton 重量吨deadweight tonnage 载重吨位deal on credit 赊帐买卖商人debit note 账单debit side 借方debit and credit 借贷decimal fraction 小数decimal point 小数点deck cargo 甲板货物deck rate 甲板运费率declare at the customs 报关declaration 申报declaration for exportation 出口报关单declaration for importation 进口报关单decreasing cost 递减成本deduct money 扣钱deferred payment 延期付款delay in payment 延期支付delay shipment 延期装船del credere 买主资力保证费del credere agents 保证买主资力的代理商decline an order 谢绝订货deliver the goods 交货，送货delivery order 提货单demand bill 即期汇票demand draft 即期汇票demand price 需求价格deposit account 存款账户deposit at bank 银行存款deposit certificate 银行存款单depressed market 市面清淡deputy manager 副经理description of goods 货物摘要design of products 产品设计design paper 图案纸despatch money 快递费detained goods 扣留货物developed countries 发达国家development bank 开发银行development cost 开发成本development expenses 发展费用direct mail advertising 直接邮寄广告direct price 直接价格direct quotation 直接报价direct sales 直接出售direct trade 直接贸易director board 董事会directory of importersand exporters 贸易商名录dirty bill of lading 有债务提单discharging expenses 卸货费用discount a bill 扣减期票discount rate 贴现率dishonor check 不兑现支票dishonored bill 退票district bank 区域银行divisible L/C 可分割信用证division of labour 分工division of work 分工document against acceptance 承兑交单document against payment 付款交单document of shipping 装货单据documentary acceptance bill 承兑汇票documentary bill(draft) 押汇，跟单汇票documentary credit 押汇信用证dollar countries 美元国家dollar loan 美金借款dollar shortage 美金缺乏domestic bill 国内汇票domestic communication 国内交通domestic economy 国内经济domestic letter of credit 国内信用证domestic market 国内市场domestic products 国货domestic telegrams 国内电报do not drop 不可抛落do not turn over 不可倒置Dow Jones average 道琼指数down payment 分期付款之订金draft for remittance 汇票draft on demand 即期汇票draft or note payable to bearer 凭票即付draw a bill 出票draw up a contract 拟合同dual-use packaging 双重用途的包装due date 到期日dull market 市面冷淡dull sale 滞销duplicate 副本，复本duplicate copy 副本duplicate invoice 副联duplicate of draft 汇票复本duplicate sample 复样dutiable goods 应完税货品duty free 免税duty free goods 免税商品duty paid 关税已付duty paid terms 通过海关后交货条件duty unpaid 关税未付Eearning power 回收获利率economic growth 经济成长economic policy 经济政策economic take-off 经济起飞eight-hour system of labour 八小时工作制elastic demand 弹性需求electric appliances shop 电器行electric power cost 电力成本electronic computer 计算机，计算器electronic transfer 电汇embargo on the export of gold 禁止黄金出口empty forms 空白表endorsed in blank 空白背书endorsement in blank 无记名签批endorsement to order 指派式背书enter into an agreement 订约enter into(make) anentrance fee 会费，入场费equlibrium;balancing 平衡equilibrium price 平衡价格establish a business 创业estimated cost 预算费用estimated market value 估计市价estimated revenue 岁入预算estimated statement 估计表European Common Market 欧洲共同市场exact interest 抽息exact quantity 确数examine goods 验货ex bond 关仓交货价exchange bank 汇兑银行exchange clause 汇兑条款exchange control 汇兑管制exchange fluctuations 汇兑变动exchange fund 汇兑资金exchange of commodity 货品交易exchange rate 汇率ex dock 码头交货价execute an order 接受订货execute one's promises 履行契约exempt from taxation 免税ex factory 工厂交货价ex lighter 驳船交货ex mill 工厂交货价ex pier (wharf) 码头交货价expiration notice 到期通知书expiring date 到期日expiry date 有效期限ex plane （空运）飞机上交货价ex plantation 农场交货export agent 出口代理商export bill 出口汇票export for collection a/c 托收出口汇票科目export bill of lading 出口提货单export credit insurance 出口信用保险export declaration 出口申报书export duties 输出税，出口税export insurance 出口保险export licence 出口许可证export loan 输出贷款export merchant 出口商export order 出口订单export packing 出口包装export permit 出口许可export processing 加工出口export quotas 出口配额export sales 外销export trade 出口贸易express fee 快递费express mail 快递邮件ex rail 铁路边交货价ex ship 船上交货价ex store 仓库交货，店铺交货价ex store terms 店铺交货条件external trade 对外贸易extra charge 额外费用extra discount 额外折扣extra expense 额外费用extra work 加班extra premium 额外保险费extravagent price 过高的价格ex works 工厂交货价ex works terms 工厂交货条件ex warehouse 仓库交货价ex warehouse terms 仓库交货价条件ex wharf 码头交货价Fface value 面值，票面factory expenses 制造费用factory planning 工厂计划factory report 工厂报告factory supplies 工厂供应品facsimiles ofauthorized signatures 有权签字员样本failed bank 破产银行fair average quality 中等品质fair average sample 平均中等样品fair market value 公平市价fair price 平价fair trade 公平交易fall(or become) due 到期（支票），期满falling price 跌价family size 家庭用特大号farm produce 农产品favorable balance 有利差额favorable trade balance 出超field service 就地服务fill your order 供应订货firm offer 肯定报价financial analysis 财务分析financial ability 财力financial circle(world) 金融界，财经界financial condition 财务状况financial expense 财务费用financial investigation 财务调查financial position 财务状况financial report 财务报告financial statements 资产负债表fine gold 纯金finished goods 成品，制成品finished product 制成品firm offer 实盘firm order 定期订货firm price 固定价格fire risk 火险fire policy 火灾保险fiscal year 会计年度first quality 上等品质fixed cost 固定成本fixed prices 固定价格fixed rate 固定率floor price 底价，最低价flour mill 面粉厂fluctuation 物价波动，涨落fluctuating market 变动市场for account of 在某人帐上for sale 廉价出售foreign capital 外国资本foreign currency 外币foreign exchange 外汇foreign exchange control 外汇管制foreign exchange market 外汇市场foreign exchangeforeign exchange reserve 外汇准备foreign mail 外国邮件foreign trade 对外贸易formal contract 正式合同formal notice 正式通知form of application 申请表forward agent 运送经纪人forward business 期货交易forward exchange 远期汇兑forward exchange transaction 远期外汇买卖forwarding agency 运输业forwarding agent 运输商forwarding business 运输业free alongside ship (FAS) 船边交货价free enterprise 自由企业free foreign exchange 自由外汇free goods 免税品free in 包括装船费在内的运费free in and out 包括装卸费在内的运费free of all average 全损赔偿free of capture &seizure clause 扣押免责条款free of charge 免费free of cost 免费赠送free of expense 免费freight paid to...terms 运费预付至...条件free of tax 免税free on board (F.O.B) 船上交货价free on board shipping point 起运点交货free on board destination 目的地交货free on rail 火车上交货价free on truck 卡车上交货价free overside 输入港船上交货价格freight broker 货运经纪人freight charges 运费freight forward 运费待收，运费有提货人支付freight paid 运费付讫freight payable on delivery 货到付运费freight prepaid 运费先付freight to be collected 运费待收freight to collect 运到收费freight ton 装载吨freight train 运货列车frozen foods 冷冻食品fulfil the terms 履行条款full service 完全服务full state trading 完全国营贸易functional expense 业务费用future market 未来市场Ggain profit 得利益，利润general affairs 总务general agents 总代理General Agreement onTrade and Tariffs 贸易及关税总协议general average 共同海损general cargo 普通货general cargo rate 一般货物运费率general letter of hypothecation 一般押汇质押书general offer 一般发价general terms and conditions 一般交易条件gift coupons 赠券gift shop 礼品店good merchantable quality 标准品，上等可销货物goods in bond 保税货物goods in process 在制品goods in stock 存货goods in transit 在运品goods on consignment 寄销商品grace period 宽限，优惠时间grand prize 特奖grand sale 大减价grand total 总计gross amount 概数gross average 平均毛额gross imports 进口总数gross proceeds 总货价收入gross sales 销货总额gross weight 总重量Hhalf finished goods 半成品half & half 对半half price 半价half price ticket 半价票handicraft 手工业，手工handicraft industry 手工业hands off 不准动手handle with care 小心轻放handle with great care 特别当心handling expenses 处理费用harbor burear 港务局harbor dues 港税hard goods 金属品head (main) office 总局，总部，总行health certificate 卫生证明书heavy weight goods 重量货物high class 高级high interest rate 高利贷high price 高价highest possible price 最高价holding company 控股公司home industry 国内工业home-made 自制的home market 国内市场home products 国产home trade 国内贸易Billegal payment 非法付款illegal profit 非法利益immediate delivery 即刻交货immediate payment 实时付款immediate shipment 即刻装船imported goods 进口货import agent 进口代理商import bill 进口汇票import cargoes 进口货物import credit 进口信用证import commission house 进口代理商import declaration 进口声明书import duties 进口税import letter of credit 进口信用证import licensing system 进口许可证import merchant 进口商import permit 进口证import price 进口价格import quota 进口限额import tariff 进口税则import trade 进口贸易import withoutexchange settlement 不结汇进口imported goods 进口货incidental expenses 杂费，车马费incorporated company 有限责任公司increasing cost 递增成本increasing expense 递增费用incur losses 蒙受损失in demand 顾客需要indirect cost 间接成本indirect damage 间接损害indirect expenses 间接费用indirect labor 间接劳工indirect trade 间接贸易inflation 通货膨胀inflation policy 通货膨胀政策inflationist 通货膨胀论者in force 有效informal agreement 非正式契约inherent defect 固有缺陷inherent vice 固有缺陷（保险）inland bill of lading 内陆提单inland bill oflading clause 内陆提单条款inquiry agency 调查所，征信所inquiry sheet 询价单inspection andcertificate fee 检验证明费用inspection report 检验报告书installment delivery 分期交货institute cargo clause 货物附带条款，协会装船货物条款in stock 有存货insurance amount 投保金额insurance broker 保险经纪人insurance business 保险事业insurance certificate 保险证明书insurance company 保险公司insurance expenses 保险费用insurance premium 保险费insured amount 保险金额interest per annum 年息interest rate 利率interested party 有意者interior transportation 国内运输international Chamberof Commerce 国际商会international market 国际市场international Monetary Fund 国际货币基金组织international parcel 国际包裹international relation 国际关系international Shippinginternational trade 国际贸易international tradein transit 业经装船introductory offer 宣传品，推荐品invisible exports 无形出口invisible trade 无形贸易invite to tender 招标invoice amount 发票额invoice for sales 销售发票invoice price 发票价目invoice weight 发票所开重量inward documentary bills 进口押汇票iron straps 铁皮条iron works 铁工厂irrevocable credit 不可撤消信用证irrevocable letterof credit 不可撤消信用证issuing bank (opening bank) 开证银行，发行银行issuing date 开证日期，发行日期items of business 经营项目Jjoint account 共同结算，联合账户joint cost 联合成本joint enterprise 合办事业，共同事业Kkeep cool 放置冷处，保持凉爽keep dry 保持干燥keep flat 平放keep out of the sun 避免阳光keep upright 竖放key currency 主要通货key industries 基本产业Llabor force 劳力labor market 劳工市场labor movement 劳工运动labor problems 劳工问题landed price 包括起货费用在内价格landed terms 岸上交货landing certificate 登岸证large order 大批订货latest market reports 最近市场报告leading article 吸引顾客的东西leading market 主要市场leakage proof 避漏legal interest 法定利息legal price 法定价格legal rights 法定权利legal tender 法定债款legal weight 法定重量length,capacity andless than carload rate 不足一辆货车运费率letter of advice 发货通知单，汇票通知单letter of assignment 转让书letter of authorization 权利书，委托书letter of confirmation 证实书，确认书letter of credit (L/C) 信用证letter of guarantee 保证书letter of hypothecation 押汇负责书letter of inquiry 询价信letter of introduction 介绍信letter of indemnity 赔偿保证书letter of notice 通知单letter of recommendation 推荐信letter of reference 调查信，保证信letter reference number 备查号码letter transfer 信汇letter telegram 书信电报licensing of export 出口许可licensing of import 进口许可licensing system 许可制度light cargo 轻量货品lighterage 驳船费high interest rate 高利率limit prices 限价limited liabilityline of business 营业范围line of credit 信用透支，融通额度liquid goods 液体货物list of award 决标单list price 定价loading charges 装货费loading expense 装货费用local L/C 本地信用证local products 土产local retailers 本地零售商local wholesaler 本地批发商long term 长期long term agreement 长期合同long(gross) ton 大吨，英吨lose one's interest 对...失去兴趣lose one's market 失去买卖的机会loss capital 损失本金lost check 遗失支票lost time 浪费时间low grade goods 劣货low in price 低价low price 廉价low quality 品质低劣lowest bidder 最低价标商lowest possible price 最低价lowest quotations 最低报价Mmachine cost 机器成本machinery and equipment 机器及设备machinery and tools 机器及工具machinery equipment 机器设备mail order 邮购mail remittance 信汇mail transfer 信汇mailing list 邮寄目录major product 主要产品make an offer 还价，出价make a profit 在...上赚钱make a quotation 开价make compensation 补偿make money 赚钱make reservations 订位，订房间，附保留条件（在契约上）make to order 定制managing director 常务董事manner of packing 包装方式manufacturer's agent 厂商代理人manufacturing cost 制造成本manufacturing expenses 制造费用margin money 预收保证金marine risks 水险maritime transport 海运market price 标明价目mark down 减价，记帐mark up 涨价，记帐market analysis 市场分析market day 市集，定期市场，交易日market demand 市场需要market feeling 市场人心market place 市场，商业中心地market potential 市场潜力market report 市场报告market value 市价，时价marketing expenses 销售费用marketing research 市场调查marketable goods 易销货物marine cargo insurance 海上运输保险marine insurance 海上保险费marine products 海产品marine policy 水险保单marine risks 水险mass media 大众传播工具mass production 大量生产master contract 主约master's receipt 收货单materials shortage 材料缺乏material supplies 材料供应maximum capacity 最高（生产）能力maximum price 最高价measurement cargo 轻量货品measurement goods 容积货品measurement tons 容积吨measurement ton method 容积吨计量法medium quality 中等货meet one's liabilities 偿还债务member rate 会员运费率message form (blank) 电报纸methods of production 生产方法method of remittance 汇款方式metric system 公制metric ton 公吨minimum charge 最低费用minimum freight 最低运费ministry of commerce 商业部ministry of finance 财政部ministry of industryand commerce 工商部minimum premium 最低保费minimum price 最低价minimum profit 最低利润minimum selling price 最低售价Ministry of EconomicAffairs 经济部miscellaneous expenses 杂费miscellaneous goods 杂货miscellaneous payment 杂项开支mode of producing 生产方式monetary system 货币制度monetary unit 货币单位money market 金融市场monopoly 专利品（权）monthly allownce 按月津贴monthly balance 月计表monthly fee 月费monthly output 月产monthly report 月报monthly sales 每月销售情况monthly statement 每月结帐most favoured nationclause 最惠国条款multilateral agreement（contract）多边合约（合同）multilateral trades 多边贸易mutual agreement 互相同意Nname of article 货名name of user 用户名称name of vessel 船名necessity for life 生活必须品negotiable bill 流通票据negotiable bill of lading 可转让提单negotiable letter of credit 流动信用证，可兑信用证negotiable warehouse receipt 可转让仓单negotiation 让于转付，流通交易，议价negotiation of foreign bills 买卖外国汇票期票negotiating bank 购票银行negotiating date 汇票让购期限net amount 实数net cost 净价net income 纯收入net loss 净损net price 实价net proceeds 净收入net profit 纯利net profit on sales 销货纯利net sales 销货净额net shipping weight 运出净量net value 净值net weight 净重net worth 资本净值New Taiwan Currency 新台币No.1 quality 头等货no entry 止步no entrance 禁止入内no hook 不许用钩no parking 禁止停车no smoking 禁止抽烟no throughfare 禁止通过non-firm offer 虚盘non-negotiable bill of lading 不可转让提单。