第一章 核心词汇
Unit1核心词汇讲解讲义高中英语人教版
2019人教版必修一U1重点单词用法点拨1.debate(1) n. 辩论；争论under debate 在辩论／讨论中a heated/lively debate 一场激烈的／热烈的争论beyond debate 无可争辩例1：The bill is under debate and hasn't been passed yet.该法案正在讨论中，尚未通过。
例2：There is a fierce/heated about/on/over the question whether the experiment should be allowed.在是否进行这个实验的问题上展开了激烈的争论。
（2) vt. &vi. 辩论；争论sth.with sb. 同某人辩论／讨论某事with 后接辩论的对象debate on/about sth. 讨论某事on表示“”关于“”疑问词＋to do sth. (wh-从句/wh-to do) 讨论 . . .例1：He debated with his parents on his holiday plan.他和他父母争论假期计划。
例2：We debated whether to take the earlier train or not.我们讨论到底要不要乘早一点儿的那趟列车。
【词语辨析】debate与argue（1) debate侧重“双方各抒己见”，内含“交锋”的意思。
（2) argue 侧重“说理”“论证”和“企图说服”。
常用于结构：argue sb.into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做／不做某事。
2.prefer vt.较喜欢(preferred, preferred) 不用于进行时n. preference 偏爱，优先（权）1）prefer A to B 喜欢A胜过喜欢B2）prefer doing…(to doing)…=prefer to do A rather than do B=would do A rather than do B宁愿做A(而不愿做B)3）prefer to do/doing sth. 宁愿做某事4）prefer sb./sth.to do sth = prefer that sb. (should) do sth. 宁愿某人做某事例1：I prefer the red dress to the blue one because it suits me better.比起那条绿裙子，我更喜欢那条红色的，因为它更适合我。
Unit 1 核心词汇-九年级英语全册(人教版)
connect progress with the future of human.
讲解：前缀re-(又；再)+view(v. 仔细察看)
短语：a review of … 对……的回顾
例句： I spent a long time reviewing the
v.出生 adj.天生的
拓展：be born 出生
be born with 天生具有
例句： Qian Xuesen was born in
Shanghai on December 11th, 1911. Michael Jordan is born with a gift for basketball. He is a born actor.
keep a secret 保守秘密 in secret 秘密地，暗中
例句： What’s the secret to success? (名词)
The police will try to keep the information secret. (形容词)
v.重复；重做
讲解： 既可作及物动词，也可作不及 物动词。
n.速度
拓展：at a/ the speed of … 以……的速度 at high/ low/ full speed 以高/低/全速
例句： Safety is more important than speed.
Please drive at a speed of 60 miles an hour.
n.能力；才能
拓展：the ability to do sth.
做某事的能力
例句：Joe showed the ability to face
集合知识点总结
第一章集合集合知识点总结：一、集合1、集合的概念集合：一般地，把一些能够确定的不同的对象看出一个整体，就说这个整体是由这些对象的全体构成的集合（或集），通常用大写英文字母A, B,C...表示。
集合的元素：构成集合的每个对象叫做这个集合的元素（或成员），通常用小写写英文字母a,b, c...表示。
2、元素与集合的属于关系：、若a是集合A的元素，就说a 属于A，记作：a A，读作“ a属于A”若a 不是集合A 的元素，就说a 不属于A ，记作：a A ，读作“ a 不属于A ”。
3、空集：不含任何元素的集合叫做空集，记作。
4、集合元素的基本性质：确定性、互异性、无序性。
5、集合的分类：有限集：含有有限个元素的集合；无限集：含有无限个元素的集合。
6、常用数集的表示------ 牢记，熟记自然数集（非负整数集）N ；正整数集N 或N ；整数集Z ；有理数集Q ；实数集R；正实数集R ，均是无限集。
二、集合的表示法1、列举法：适用于有限集，且元素个数不多，或者是无限集，元素个数较多，但呈现一定规律，列出几个元素作为代表，其余用“ ”代替。
2、描述法：元素的特征性质：如果在集合I 中，属于集合A 的任意一个元素都具有性质p x ，而不属于A 的元素都不具有性质p x ，则p x 叫做集合A的一个特征性质。
p x 是集合A的一个特征性质，集合A可以表示为x I | p x ，它表示的集合A为在集合I 中具有性质p x 的所有元素构成的。
注意：若元素的范围为R 时，R 可以省略。
★经典例题：例一、现已知一个集合为1,x, x2，则实数x满足的条件为。
【x 1, 1,0】解：由于元素的互易性，因此得到关系x 1;x2 1;x x 2，从而解得x 1, 1,0 。
例二、用适当的符号填空：0 0 ；0 ；；0 N ；0 。
例三、给定集合A、B ，定义A B x x m n,m A,n B 。
若A 4,5,6 ，B 1,2,3 ，则集合 A B 的所有元素之和为 。
英语初三第一单元重点单词
英语初三第一单元重点单词1. Ability: the power or skill to do somethingExample Sentence: She has the ability to play multiple musical instruments.2. Accomplish: to successfully complete or achieve somethingExample Sentence: He worked hard to accomplish his goal of winning the race.3. Accurate: correct and true in every detailExample Sentence: The scientist conducted an accurate experiment and obtained precise results.4. Achieve: to successfully reach a desired goal or resultExample Sentence: With dedication and hard work, she was able to achieve her dream of becoming a professional dancer.5. Adapt: to adjust or change in order to fit new circumstancesExample Sentence: The animals had to adapt to the harsh winter conditions in order to survive.6. Adequate: enough or satisfactory for a specific purposeExample Sentence: The restaurant provided adequate seating for all of its customers.7. Adjust: to change or alter in order to make something suitableExample Sentence: She had to adjust her schedule in order to accommodate her new job.8. Advantage: a beneficial or favorable circumstance or positionExample Sentence: His previous experience gave him an advantage over the other job applicants.9. Adventure: an exciting or daring experienceExample Sentence: They embarked on an adventure to explore the deep jungles of the Amazon.10. Advertise: to promote or make known through various forms of media Example Sentence: The company used billboards and commercials to advertise their new product.11. Advice: guidance or recommendations given to someone about what actions to takeExample Sentence: She sought her parents' advice before making an important decision.12. Affect: to have an influence or impact on somethingExample Sentence: Lack of sleep can affect a person's ability to concentrate.13. Agree: to have the same opinion or belief as someone elseExample Sentence: They agreed to meet at the park after school.14. Allow: to give permission or approval for somethingExample Sentence: The teacher allowed the students to use calculators during the exam.15. Ambitious: having a strong desire and determination to achieve success Example Sentence: She had ambitious goals of becoming a successful lawyer.16. Annoy: to irritate or bother someoneExample Sentence: The constant noise from construction work annoyed the residents.17. Anticipate: to expect or predict something will happenExample Sentence: We anticipated heavy traffic and left early to avoid being late.18. Apparent: easily seen or understood; obviousExample Sentence: The damage to the car was apparent after the accident.19. Approach: a way of dealing with something or someoneExample Sentence: The teacher used a hands-on approach to teaching science.20. Appropriate: suitable or proper for a particular situation or person Example Sentence: It is important to wear appropriate clothing for a formal event.21. Ascend: to go up or climbExample Sentence: The hikers had to ascend a steep mountain trail to reach the summit.22. Assess: to evaluate or determine the value, importance, or quality ofsomethingExample Sentence: The teacher assessed the students' understanding through a written test.23. Assign: to allocate or designate a particular task or duty to someone Example Sentence: The teacher assigned a research project to the students.24. Assist: to help or support someone in their actions or effortsExample Sentence: The lifeguard quickly assisted the drowning swimmer.25. Attempt: to make an effort or try to do somethingExample Sentence: He attempted to solve the math problem but couldn't find the correct answer.26. Attractive: pleasing or appealing to the senses or aesthetic value Example Sentence: The model wore an attractive dress on the runway.27. Avoid: to stay away from or prevent something from happeningExample Sentence: He tried to avoid eating sweets to maintain a healthy diet.28. Aware: having knowledge or understanding of somethingExample Sentence: The students were aware of the importance of studying for their exams.29. Balance: an even distribution or equal amount of somethingExample Sentence: It is important to maintain a balance between work and leisure activities.30. Behavior: the way in which someone conducts themselves; actions or reactionsExample Sentence: The teacher praised the student's good behavior in class.31. Benefit: an advantage or positive result gained from somethingExample Sentence: Regular exercise has many benefits, including improved physical fitness.32. Blame: to hold responsible or find fault with someone for a mistake or wrongdoingExample Sentence: They blamed each other for the failure of the project.33. Brief: short in duration or time; concise in speech or writingExample Sentence: The meeting was brief, lasting only 15 minutes.34. Celebrate: to observe or commemorate an event or achievementExample Sentence: They celebrated their anniversary by going out to dinner.35. Challenge: a difficult task or problem that requires effort or skill to overcomeExample Sentence: Climbing Mount Everest is a challenging endeavor.36. Charge: to ask for payment; responsibility or control over someone or somethingExample Sentence: The cashier charged them for the goods they purchased.37. Choice: the act of selecting or making a decision between two or more possibilitiesExample Sentence: She had to make a difficult choice between two job offers.38. Circumstance: the conditions or factors that affect a situationExample Sentence: The circumstances forced them to cancel their vacation plans.39. Civility: polite and respectful behaviorExample Sentence: The politician emphasized the importance of civility inpublic discourse.40. Claim: to assert or state that something is true, typically without providing evidence or proofExample Sentence: She claimed to have seen a UFO in the sky.41. Commitment: a promise or pledge to do something; dedication or loyalty Example Sentence: The coach admired his team's commitment and hard work.42. Community: a group of people living in the same area or having common interestsExample Sentence: They organized a cleanup event to improve the community.43. Compete: to strive against others in order to win or achieve something Example Sentence: He trained hard to compete in the upcoming marathon.44. Compose: to create or write something, such as a piece of music or aletterExample Sentence: He composed a beautiful song for his girlfriend.45. Confirm: to verify or establish the truth or accuracy of something Example Sentence: The doctor confirmed the diagnosis with a series of tests.46. Confuse: to make someone bewildered or mixed upExample Sentence: The complicated instructions confused the students.47. Construct: to build or create something, typically using materials or partsExample Sentence: The workers constructed a new bridge over the river.48. Contribute: to give or provide something, such as money, time, or effort Example Sentence: She contributed her expertise to the project.49. Convenient: fitting in well with a person's needs or schedule; easy to access or useExample Sentence: The new store location is convenient for customers.50. Counter: a surface used for transactions in a store or business; to respond to an argument or point with an opposing opinionExample Sentence: The cashier stood behind the counter to serve customers.51. Course: a series of lessons or lectures on a particular subjectExample Sentence: She enrolled in a Spanish language course at the community center.52. Debate: a formal discussion or argument on a particular topicExample Sentence: The students engaged in a debate about climate change.53. Decide: to make a choice or reach a conclusion after considering different optionsExample Sentence: They had to decide on a name for their new pet.54. Declare: to announce or state something officially or publiclyExample Sentence: The president declared a national emergency.55. Decrease: to become smaller or reduce in size, quantity, or intensity Example Sentence: The population of the town has been decreasing over the years.56. Delight: great pleasure or enjoymentExample Sentence: The children expressed delight when they saw the presents under the tree.57. Demand: a request or requirement for something; to ask strongly or forcefully for somethingExample Sentence: The demand for the new product exceeded expectations.58. Deny: to refuse to admit the truth or existence of something; to refuse an offer or requestExample Sentence: He denied stealing the money, despite the evidence against him.59. Deserve: to be worthy of recognition, reward, or punishmentExample Sentence: She deserves praise for her hard work and dedication.60. Determine: to establish or find out something for certain; to make a decisionExample Sentence: The judge will determine the winner of the competition.61. Develop: to grow or cause to grow and become more mature, advanced, or elaborateExample Sentence: He needs to develop his public speaking skills for his upcoming presentation.62. Devote: to give all or a large part of one's time or resources to a particular activity, purpose, or causeExample Sentence: She devoted herself to helping those in need.63. Disadvantage: an unfavorable or detrimental condition or circumstance Example Sentence: The lack of transportation was a disadvantage for those living in remote areas.64. Discover: to find or learn something that was previously unknown or concealedExample Sentence: The scientist discovered a new species of butterfly.65. Divide: to separate or split into parts, groups, or sectionsExample Sentence: They divided the project into smaller tasks to make it more manageable.66. Donate: to give money, goods, or services to an organization or causeExample Sentence: They donated clothes and toys to a local charity.67. Doubt: a feeling of uncertainty or lack of belief; to be uncertain or skeptical about somethingExample Sentence: She had doubts about his ability to complete the task.68. Educate: to teach or provide knowledge, information, or skills to someone Example Sentence: The school system aims to educate students in various subjects.69. Efficient: achieving maximum productivity with minimum wasted effort or expenseExample Sentence: The new machine is much more efficient and saves time.70. Encourage: to inspire or motivate someone to do something; to give support or approvalExample Sentence: The coach encouraged the players to never give up.71. Engage: to participate or become involved in an activity or conversation; to attract someone's attention or interestExample Sentence: The students were engaged in a lively discussion.72. Entire: whole or complete, with no parts missingExample Sentence: The entire class applauded after the performance.73. Equal: having the same quantity, value, or measure as someone or something elseExample Sentence: They divided the cake into equal pieces for each person.74. Establish: to set up or create something, such as an organization, system, or ruleExample Sentence: The company was established in 1990.75. Evaluate: to assess or judge the quality, importance, or value of somethingExample Sentence: The teacher evaluated the students' essays based on specific criteria.76. Evidence: facts, information, or proof that supports or proves something Example Sentence: The fingerprints found at the crime scene were evidence of his presence.77. Expand: to become larger in size, number, or volume; to make something bigger or more extensiveExample Sentence: The business decided to expand its operations to other countries.78. Experiment: a scientific procedure conducted to make a discovery, test a hypothesis, or demonstrate a known factExample Sentence: The scientist conducted an experiment to test her theory.79. Explain: to make something clear or easy to understand by giving reasons or detailsExample Sentence: The teacher explained the math problem step by step.80. Express: to convey or communicate a thought, feeling, or idea through words, actions, or artistic mediumsExample Sentence: She expressed her gratitude through a handwritten letter.81. Fail: to be unsuccessful in achieving a goal or passing a test or examinationExample Sentence: He failed the driving test on his first attempt.82. Familiar: well-known or easily recognized; having frequent contact or association with someone or somethingExample Sentence: The song sounded familiar, but she couldn't remember the title.83. Fetch: to go after and bring back someone or somethingExample Sentence: The dog fetched the ball and brought it back to its owner.84. Fiction: literature that is not based on real events or people; a made-up storyExample Sentence: She enjoys reading science fiction novels.85. Flourish: to thrive or prosper; to grow or develop in a healthy or vigorous wayExample Sentence: The flowers flourished in the garden due to the ideal growing conditions.86. Focus: to concentrate or direct one's attention or efforts towards a particular thing or activityExample Sentence: He needs to focus on studying for his upcoming exams.87. Fond: having a strong liking or affection for someone or something Example Sentence: She is fond of animals and volunteers at the local animal shelter.88. Force: physical strength or energy; to compel or exert pressure on someone or something to do somethingExample Sentence: The strong winds forced the trees to sway.89. Formulate: to create or develop a plan, system, or strategyExample Sentence: The team formulated a detailed proposal for their project.90. Fragile: easily broken or damaged; delicate or vulnerableExample Sentence: The glass vase is fragile and should be handled with care.91. Fulfill: to meet or satisfy a requirement, condition, need, or expectation Example Sentence: The company was able to fulfill all of the orders in atimely manner.92. Function: the purpose or role that someone or something has in aparticular situation or organization; to work or operate in a specific way Example Sentence: The function of the heart is to pump blood throughout the body.93. Gain: to obtain or acquire something desired or advantageousExample Sentence: He gained valuable experience from his internship.94. Generous: willing to give more than is necessary or expected; kind and charitableExample Sentence: They were generous enough to donate money to the charity.95. Genuine: real or authentic; honest or sincereExample Sentence: Her smile was genuine and warm.96. Gesture: a movement or action that expresses an idea, feeling, or intention; a physical expressionExample Sentence: He made a gesture of apology by giving her flowers.97. Grasp: to understand or comprehend something fully; to take hold of something firmlyExample Sentence: The students grasped the concept after additional explanation.。
2023最新部编版历史七年级下册字词复习题(拼音)
2023最新部编版历史七年级下册字词复习题(拼音)第一章 - 核心词汇1. 解放（jiě fàng）- 指解放人民，使其脱离压迫或束缚。
2. 革命（gé mìng）- 形容一个国家或民族的政治、经济和社会制度发生根本性变革。
3. 民主（mín zhǔ）- 指政治权利归属于人民，人民通过选举来管理国家事务。
4. 社会主义（shè huì zhǔ yì）- 指生产资料公有制和按劳分配原则为基础的社会制度。
5. 国家（guó jiā）- 指由一定的领土、人民和政权组成的统一整体，具有主权的社会组织。
6. 政权（zhèng quán）- 形容掌握国家政治权力的机构或团体。
7. 领土（lǐng tǔ）- 指属于一个国家的土地、水域和空域。
8. 近代（jìn dài）- 指从传统社会向现代社会过渡时期的时段。
9. 鸦片战争（yā piàn zhàn zhēng）- 指中国历史上1840年至1842年之间发生的中英战争。
10. 不平等条约（bù píng děng tiáo yuē）- 指西方列强强迫中国签订的一系列对中国不公平的条约。
第二章 - 重点词汇1. 传统（chuán tǒng）- 指由过去的传承下来的思想、文化、俗等。
2. 农耕（nóng gēng）- 农民种植农作物和养殖家禽家畜。
3. 商业（shāng yè）- 指商品的交易和流通活动。
4. 文化（wén huà）- 指一个民族或社会所具有的思想、艺术、俗、等方面的内容。
5. 文明（wén míng）- 指一个民族或社会在思想、文化、艺术、科学等方面的发展水平和成就。
6. 祖先（zǔ xiān）- 指从前的家族或民族的先辈。
第一篇 词汇
第一篇词汇第一章词汇学习归纳一、学好单词的拼法1、熟练掌握元音字母及辅音字母与读音的关系。
（1）元音字母和辅音字母。
元音字母：发音时声带振动并且不受气流阻碍的字母叫元音字母。
英语中共有5个元音字母，A、E、I、O、U。
这5个字母在英语单词中起着非常重要的作用。
辅音字母：发音时声带可以振动也可以不振动，但是必须受到气流阻碍的字母。
英语中除了5个元音字母以外的21个为辅音字母。
（2）元音字母在重读音节中的一般读音规则表。
2、发音要准。
]][i[u]3、学习构词法。
（1）根据词根记忆同类派生词Act ＿＿＿＿ busy＿＿＿＿ care ＿＿＿＿＿Danger ＿＿＿ enjoy＿＿＿ luck ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿（2）根据词缀记忆同类派生词常见前缀有：1)、a-①加在单词或词根前面，表示"不，无，非"acentric 无中心的（a+centric中心的）asocial 不好社交的（a+social好社交的）amoral 非道德性的（a+moral道德的；注意：immoral不道德的）apolitical. 不关政治的（a+political政治的）anemia 反常的（a+nomal正常的+ous）②加在单词前，表示"在…，…的"asleep 睡着的（a+sleep睡觉）aside 在边上（a+side旁边）ahead 在前地（a+head头）alive 活的（a+live活）awash .泛滥的（a+wash冲洗）2).dis-①表示"不，消失掉"dislike不喜欢（dis+like喜爱→不喜爱）disorder无秩序（dis+order顺序→没有顺序）dishonest不诚实的（dis+honest诚实的）disappear消失（dis+appear出现→不出现→消失）disproof反证，反驳（dis+proof证实→不证实→反证）discourage使失去勇气（dis+courage勇气）disarm解除武装（dis+arm武装→去掉武装）dispel驱除，消除（dis+pel推→推开→驱除）dispassionate平心静气的（dis+passionate有激情的discover发现（dis+cover盖→把盖揭开→发现）dismay沮丧（dis+may能够→不能做事→沮丧；参考：五月能种粮食，所以叫May）②表示"分开，分离"disseminate散布，传播（dis+semin种子＋ate→散布〔种子〕）dispense分配（dis+pense花费→分开花费→分配〔财富等〕）distract分心（dis+tract拉→把〔心〕拉开→分心）distend膨胀（dis+tend拉→分开拉→膨胀）discriminate辨别；歧视（dis+crimin分辨→ate→分辩开）dismiss解散；开除（dis+miss送→送出→解散）disburse支付，支出（dis+burse钱包→从钱包中分出→支出）discard丢弃，抛弃（dis+card扔→扔出去）discuss讨论（dis+cuss敲打→把〔问题〕分开敲→讨论）3)、un- 非unknown unusual unlike4)、Miss,mit= send,cast,表示“送，放出”mission n "派遣；使命（miss+ion,送出→派遣）"missionary a 传道的n. 教士（mission使命＋ary→［传教］使命的）commission n 委员会；委任（com共同＋miss+ion→共同送出［选出］的人→委员会）dismiss v 解散；罢免（dis分开＋miss→分开送→解散）emissive a 发出的，放射的（e出＋miss送＋ive→送出去）emission n 发出，放射（e＋miss+ion)emissary n 使者，密使（e出＋miss+ary人→送出去的人→使者）remiss a 怠慢的；粗心的（re不＋miss→不送出去→怠慢的）remission n 宽恕；赦免（re再＋miss+ion→再一次放过［别人］→宽恕）omission n 省略（o出＋miss+ion→放出去→省略）permission n 允许（per始终＋miss＋ion→始终放入→允许）permissive a 准许的；纵容的（per＋miss＋ive)submission n 屈服（sub下面＋miss＋ion→放在下面→屈服）submissive a 服从的（sub+miss+ive)transmission n 转送；传达(trans横＋miss+ion→横着送→传送过去）premise n 前提（pre预先＋mise→预先送出→前提）promise n 答应；保证（pro前面＋mise→在做事前送出的话→允诺）surmise v 推测，猜测（sur在下面＋mise→在下面说出的话→猜测）demise v 让与；遗赠（de分开＋mise→分开送→遗赠）admit v 许可入学等；承认（ad+mit→送来→许可进入）commit v 委托；委任(com共同＋mit→共同送→委任）committee n 委员会（commit+t+ee)emit v 发光；发出（味等）(e出＋mit→送出［气味］等）intermit v 一时停止，间断（inter在中间＋mit→在中间送东西→打断，间断）intermittent a 间歇的（intermit+t+ent)omit v 省去，略去（o出＋mit→送出→省略）permit v 许可，允许（per始终＋mit→始终放出来→许可）remit v 汇款；饶恕（re再＋mit→［把钱］再送出去→汇款）submit v 使屈服；提出（sub下面＋mit→送下去→屈服）transmit v 寄送；传达（trans横＋mit→横送过去→传达）5)、tele = fur 表示“远”，引申为“电”，电从远方来teleraph v 打电报（tele+graph写→用电写→电报）telegram n 电报（tele+gram写，画）telephone n 电话（tele+phone声音→远方声音传过来）telescope n 望远镜（tele+scope看→看远方→望远镜）television n 电视（tele+vis看+ion→看远方→通过电看→电视）telemeter n 遥测仪（tele+meter测量→远测量→遥测仪）常见后缀有：动词+er →名词eg. sing → singer write → writer动词+or →名词eg. visit → visitor invent →inventor动词+（a）tion →名词eg. act → action operate → operation动词+ing →名词eg. build → building hear → hearing名词+ ful →形容词eg. help→helpful thank→thankful名词+y →形容词cloud →cloudy wind → windy名词+ous →形容词danger → dangerous名词+ist →名词art→artist science→scientist名词+ing →形容词follow→following interest→interesting形容词+ly→副词clear→clearly slow→slowly quick→quickly二、为了便于记忆，可把单词按题材内容或词性归类，成批地记忆单词。
人教版高中英语必修一 Unit1 核心词汇精讲
Unit1 核心词汇精讲一、upset1. adj.心烦意乱的;不安的；不适的搭配(1)be upset about/over 为烦心/不安(2)be upset that...心烦Try not to get too upset about it.尽量不要为此过于烦恼。
Debbie was upset that he didn’t spend more time with her. 黛比对他没有花更多的时间陪自己感到不快。
He had an upset stomach.他肚子不舒服。
(2) vt. 使……不安，使心烦;推翻;扰乱搭配：(1)It upsets sb. that...让某人心烦的是(2)It upsets sb. to do sth.做某事使某人不安。
It upset her that nobody told her about the news.让她不高兴的是，谁也没有把这则消息告诉她。
It upsets me to think of my mother all alone in that big house.想到妈妈孤身一人守着那所大房子，我感到心中不安。
常考点提示：形容词作补足语或状语是一个常考点，其特点是用来说明主语或宾语的状态。
即学即练①After t he exam, Tom stayed in his room_________. (心烦意乱的）.考法提示：对upset来说，考査切入点是语境选词。
(2013•浙江绍兴一中分校高一上期中）Be cause he didn’t finish the work on time and she upset our plan.二、ignore1. ignore v.忽视，对……不予理睬，不顾单词积累：ignorant adj.无知的，不知的ignorance n.无知，愚昧常见搭配：be ignorant about sth. 对某事不了解，无知be in ignorance of sth. 不知某事，对某事不了解考点提示：考题中ignore的使用多出现在词义辨析题中，要注意其固定搭配。
高中英语第一章知识点归纳
高中英语第一章知识点归纳一、英语单词的构成1. 词根（Root）: 单词的核心部分，提供基本的意思。
2. 词缀（Affixes）: 在词根的前后加上的小部分，用以改变或增添单词的意思和词性。
- 前缀（Prefix）: 加在词根前面，改变单词的词义。
- 后缀（Suffix）: 加在词根后面，改变单词的词性。
二、英语句子的基本结构1. 主语（Subject）: 句子中执行动作或被动作施加的人、物或事物。
2. 谓语（Predicate）: 句子中所陈述的动作或状态。
3. 宾语（Object）: 句子中接受动作的人、物或事物。
4. 表语（Predicate Nominative）: 句子中对主语的补充说明，通常是名词或形容词。
三、动词的时态和语态1. 动词的时态：- 一般现在时（Present Simple Tense）: 表示经常、习惯性的动作或真理。
- 现在进行时（Present Continuous Tense）: 表示正在进行的动作。
- 一般过去时（Past Simple Tense）: 表示过去某个时间点发生的动作。
- 过去进行时（Past Continuous Tense）: 表示过去某一段时间正在进行的动作。
- 现在完成时（Present Perfect Tense）: 表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果。
- 过去完成时（Past Perfect Tense）: 表示过去某个时间点之前发生的动作。
- 将来时（Future Tense）: 表示将来某个时间点将要发生的动作。
- 过去将来时（Future Perfect Tense）: 表示将来某个时间点之前将已经发生的动作。
2. 动词的语态：- 主动语态（Active Voice）: 句子的主语执行动作。
- 被动语态（Passive Voice）: 句子的主语接受动作。
四、名词1. 名词的分类：- 可数名词（Countable Nouns）: 可以用单数形式或复数形式表示数量。
管理学基础知识点整理
管理与管理学（第一章）一、管理是什么？（教材第一节内容）1．管理的含义核心词汇：管理者、组织目标、组织资源和活动、协调帮助理解：泰罗、法约尔、西蒙等对管理的定义，四层意思2．管理的性质二重性：与生产力相关联的自然属性、与生产关系相关联的社会属性（角色互换有无影响）科学性：有无客观规律以及是否可以被讲解、被复制使用的检验（能否找到与能否COPY）艺术性：对客观规律的艺术性实践2）管理者在管理活动中应承担什么职责，或扮演什么角色人际关系角色：精神领袖、领导者、组织联络者信息传递角色：信息监听者、信息传播者、发言人决策制定角色：企业家、干扰应对者、资源分配者、谈判者（3）管理活动要求管理者应具备的管理技能技术技能：懂专业人际技能：善协调概念技能：有思想2．动作（管理方法与技巧）：对于不同的职能活动，各自有具体的方法和技巧，分述于二至五篇中。
3．作用对象（被管理者）：组织资源和组织活动（工业时代重物与现代管理重人）（2）管理者在管理活动中应承担什么职责，或扮演什么角色人际关系角色：精神领袖、领导者、组织联络者信息传递角色：信息监听者、信息传播者、发言人决策制定角色：企业家、干扰应对者、资源分配者、谈判者（3）管理活动要求管理者应具备的管理技能技术技能：懂专业人际技能：善协调概念技能：有思想2．动作（管理方法与技巧）：对于不同的职能活动，各自有具体的方法和技巧，分述于二至五篇中。
3．作用对象（被管理者）：组织资源和组织活动（工业时代重物与现代管理重人）4．内部环境：严格讲，内部环境因其可控性特点属于内力组织物质环境：包括作用对象在内的组织所拥有的资源组织文化环境（关键）（二）外力主要指外部推动管理活动成功的帮助力量和影响因素。
1．外部环境内容宏观环境：经济、技术、政治和法律、社会文化等产业环境（具体环境或中观环境）：竞争者、顾客、供应者、合作伙伴等2．环境应对环境的不确定性对管理影响很大环境应对（环境的管理）三、管理学研究提示（教材第四节内容）：研究对象和研究方法管理理论的形成与发展（第二章一、古典管理理论：19世纪末至20世纪初（一战前后）核心问题：效率（生产效率、经营效率、组织效率）人性假说：经济人（一）美国：泰罗的科学管理理论1．泰罗简介：美国、钢铁公司、技术工作、工程师、作品—“科学管理之父”2．三个著名实验：与“磨洋工”现象的斗争，效率核心铁块搬运：动作、标准与效率铲掘：改进工具提升效率金属切削：改进技术提升效率3．指导思想核心：管理人员和工人均应实行重大的精神变革（怎么分蛋糕—怎么把蛋糕做大）中心问题：提高劳动生产率手段：科学管理代替传统管理4．理论内容开发科学的作业方法科学选择和培训工人有差别的记件工资制计划职能与执行职能分开职能工长制例外原则5．评价：集天使、魔鬼与一身的评价，我的评价“伟大6．案例：科学管理造就的福特王国标准化流水线生产5美元工作日评价福特：天才的智慧与冷酷的心（二）法国：法约尔的一般管理理论1．法约尔简介：法国、科芒特里-富香博联营公司、管理实践与研究—“经营管理理论之父”2．理论内容企业经营6种活动（技术、商业、财务、安全、会计、管理）管理的5大职能（计划、组织、指挥、协调和控制）管理的14条原则（分工、权利与责任、纪律、统一指挥等）3．评价：管理过程学派创始人、现代管理教育的奠基人，我的评价“感激”（三）德国：韦伯的行政组织理论1．韦伯简介：德国、社会学家、军队管理研究—“组织理论之父”2．理论内容三种权力模式（理性-合法的权力、传统的权力、超凡的权力）理想行政组织体系的特点（分工明确、等级安排、合理用人、职业管理人、规则与纪律、理性的人际关系）二、行为科学理论：20世纪20年代至20世纪50年代（一战后至二战后）社会背景：社会革命和工人觉醒-对物化的不满-反抗和斗争核心问题：效率—人性人性假说：社会人（一）梅奥及霍桑试验1．梅奥简介：美国、心理学和社会学背景、作品2．霍桑试验：主持者、研究内容、地点、四个阶段工厂照明试验继电器转陪试验大规模访谈观察试3．评价：精确、严谨的德国管理模式的理论先驱，我的评价“认同”（二）人际关系学说（人群关系学说）1．员工是“社会人”2．提高士气是提高生产效率的关键3．企业中存在着“非正式组织”（三）行为科学理论1．激励理论（需要层次理论等）2．人性理论（X-Y理论等）3．领导理论（管理方格理论等）4．组织理论（组织变革理论等）三、现代管理理论：20世纪50、60年代至20世纪70、80年代社会背景：科技发展、生产社会化程度大大提高、管理学热表现：百花齐放、争相竞荣特别提出表扬：孔茨的分类总结四、管理理论的新发展：20世纪70、80年代以来社会背景：文化发展、可以持续发展要求、社会经济变化带来的挑战（一）企业文化（组织文化）1．背景：对日本经济奇迹的研究和深入思考2．重要研究者及其作品：威廉?¡è大内《Z理论—美国企业如何迎接日本的挑战》迪尔和肯尼迪《企业文化》彼德斯和沃特曼《寻求优势—美国最成功企业的经验》阿索斯《日本的管理艺术》奎恩和肯伯雷：运用竞争价值理论模型测度组织文化爱德加?¡è沙因《企业文化与领导》3．内容：文化对管理影响深远企业文化的含义、功能企业文化的三个组成部分（精神文化、植物文化、物质文化）（二）学习型组织1．背景：人类进入新时代（农业经济-工业经济-知识经济），可持续发展理论、应变2．研究者及作品：1990年，彼得?¡è圣吉，《第五项修炼—学习型组织的艺术和实务》3．内容：关键语句：主动学习是应变之道学习型组织五项修炼技能（系统思考、超越自我、改变心智模式、建立共同愿景、团队学习）学习型组织构建的基本方法（领导者行为、组织职权配置、约束激励机制、组织结构柔性化）（三）企业再造（业务流程重组）1．背景：3C挑战、对职能制的检讨2．研究者及作品：1993年，迈克尔?¡è海默和詹姆斯?¡è钱皮，《企业再造工程》3．内容：企业流程再造的目的：提高竞争力、从业务流程上保证效率，赢得客户企业再造实施方法：目标、手段、删减环节、重构流程、达到..企业再造的基本内容：以顾客导向为标准审视当前流程，根本性思考、彻底改革。
高一英语第一章 重点词汇
第一章重点词汇第一节动词Ignore(1-1朋友) Upset(1-1朋友) T rust(1-1朋友) suffer(1-1朋友) communicate (1-1朋友)Include(1-2英语)Recognize(1-2英语)request (1-2英语)persuade(1-3游记) determine(1-3游记) Destroyed(1-4地震) shake(1-4地震) organize(1-4地震) burst(1-4地震)Attract(1-5英雄)accept(1-5英雄)advise(1-5英雄)shine(shone)(2-1古迹) Compete(2-1古迹)survive(2-1古迹)remain(2-1古迹)remove(2-1古迹) consider(2-1古迹) admit(2-2奥运)create(2-3电脑)arise(arose, arisen) (2-3电脑)wander(2-3电脑)Attack(2-4生物)apply(2-4生物) bite(bit, bitten)(2-4生物) protect(2-4生物)contain (2-4生物) perform(2-5音乐)1. A cultural relic is something that survived for a long time.(2-1古迹)Thebuildings survived the earthquake. (1-4地震)2.The candles lit the room. (2-1古迹)3.What upsets you most about the project? (2-2奥运) Children will not be allowedto make a noise and upset the competitors. (2-2奥运) I do not want to upset my friends. (2-4生物)4.What amazes you most about the modern Olympics? (2-2奥运)5.The chair began to rise. (2-4生物) We hope the number of panda will soon rise.(2-4生物) Their number has grown rapidly. (2-4生物)6.Don’t endanger wild animals any more. (2-4生物)7.Rubbing protects me from mosquitoes. (2-4生物)8.The insect contains a powerful drug. (2-4生物)9.The drug affects mosquitoes.(2-4生物)What he did affects the wildlife in hisarea. (2-4生物)10.No one could recogniz e me.(2-3电脑)Even when he wore sunglasses peoplerecognize him. (2-5音乐)11.Pretend that you are a judge.(2-1古迹) Close your eyes and pretend you areCoco Li. (2-5音乐) They pretended to sing the song. (2-5音乐)12.No one will be pardoned. (2-2奥运)13.Make a poster to advertise a sporting event. (2-2奥运)14.They will be given time to tour Beijing. (2-2奥运)15.The olive wreath has been replaced. (2-2奥运)16.We can work together to create an even better system. (2-3电脑)17.A new situation arises. (2-3电脑)18.My mind wanders. (2-3电脑)19.I’d like to explore ideas about this sport. (2-3电脑)20.They set the number of animals to be hunted. (2-4生物)21.A bear is about to approach a boy. (1-2英语)22.An outline will prepare you to write a better story. (1-4地震)23.The village can’t afford to build a school. (1-3游记)24.The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights.(1-5英雄)第二节动词或名词block(1-2英语)Share(1-1朋友) concern (1-1朋友)shock(1-4地震)rescue(1-4地震) trap(1-4地震) honor(1-4地震) rise(1-4地震) design(2-1古迹)interview(2-1古迹) heat(2-1古迹)doubt(2-1古迹) promise(2-2奥运)Roll(2-5音乐) form(2-5音乐) Reward(2-1古迹) (1-5英雄) injure (1-4地震)1.Write a short reply to the letter. (2-1古迹)2.The earthquake hit Alaska. (1-4地震) a big hit(2-5音乐)3.The number was small before concern. (2-4生物)4.The search for the relic continued. (2-1古迹)5.It’s a great honor. (2-2奥运) I had the honor to be chosen again. (2-3电脑) Theycompete against each other for the honor of winning. (2-2奥运)The park was built to honor those who helped the survivors. (1-4地震) I am honor ed that you would ask me for advice. (2-5音乐)6.I have a good shot for a goal. (2-3电脑)7.Do this several times until everyone has had a go. (1-5英雄)8.Go straight for two blocks. (1-2英语)9.The job was a reward for what I had done for the boss.(1-5英雄)第三节名词editor(1-1朋友) series(1-1朋友) advice(1-1朋友)situation (1-1朋友) disaster(1-4地震) shelter(1-4地震) position(1-5英雄) degree(1-5英雄) Criminal(1-5英雄) Culture(1-2英语) Dialect(1-2英语) Identity(1-2英语)T ransport(1-3游记) journal(1-3游记)congratulations(1-4地震)(2-5音乐)principle(1-5英雄) Quality(1-5英雄) stage(1-5英雄) cruelty(1-5英雄) Gift(2-1古迹) visitor(2-1古迹) Object(2-1古迹) T reasure(2-1古迹) style(2-1古迹)reception(2-1古迹)opinion(2-1古迹)athlete(2-2奥运) revolution(2-3电脑) intelligence(2-3电脑)Notebook(2-3电脑)calculator(2-3电脑) Advantage (2-3电脑) disadvantage(2-3电脑) Competitor(2-2奥运) competition (2-2奥运)prize(2-2奥运)beliefs(2-2奥运)Message(2-2奥运)体育项目名称(badminton, shot-put, weight-lifting等) (2-2奥运) Network(2-3电脑) birth(2-3电脑) enemy(2-4生物)loss (2-4生物)species (2-4生物)effect (2-4生物) ability(2-5音乐) orchestra(2-5音乐) musician(2-5音乐) passers-by(2-5音乐) instrument(2-5音乐) Reputation(2-5音乐)1.What an experience! (2-4生物)2.They left home for safety.(1-4地震)3. A passbook is a book that shows your identity.(1-5英雄)He wrote a newdictionary, giving American English its own identity. (1-2英语)第四节形容词familiar(1-3游记) stubborn(1-3游记) fresh(1-4地震) essential(1-4地震) proper(1-3游记)equal(1-5英雄)peaceful(1-5英雄)描述人的形容词(selfish, gentle, athletic, adventurous, brave, boring, caring, cheerful, dangerous, easygoing, enthusiastic, funny, friendly, generous(1-5英雄), humorous, happy, honest, interesting, jealous (1-5英雄), unkind, loyal, lazy, mean, naughty, optimistic, open, patient, quiet, rude, sociable, smart, stupid, ugly, upset, versatile, wise, weird, thoughtful, responsible) (1-1朋友) popular (2-1古迹) Grateful(2-1古迹) Ancient(2-1古迹)modern (2-1古迹) Foolish(2-2奥运) enjoyable(2-2奥运) honest(2-2奥运) magical(2-2奥运) physical(2-2奥运)golden(2-2奥运)Simple-minded(2-3电脑)Common (2-3电脑)simple(2-3电脑) universal(2-3电脑)artificial(2-3电脑) Attractive (2-5音乐) unknown(2-5音乐) Excellent(2-4生物)fierce(2-4生物)unkind(2-4生物)lazy(2-4生物)powerful (2-4生物) modern(2-2奥运)(2-5音乐)Attractive(2-5音乐) extra(2-5音乐)1. A fragile head(2-3电脑)2.It is time-consuming. (2-1古迹)3.Well designed buildings(2-1古迹)4.It is a rare Ming Dynasty vase. (2-1古迹) A rare new species of dinosaur (2-4生物)5.What a lovely autumn day！(1-2英语)第五节副词exactly(1-1朋友) entirely(1-1朋友) Actually(1-2英语) properly(1-3游记) sincerely(1-5英雄)besides(2-2奥运)truly(2-3电脑)totally(2-3电脑)unluckily(2-3电脑)personally(2-3电脑) Afterwards(2-5音乐)1.They had truly become stars. (2-5音乐) I have truly been built to serve people.(2-3电脑)2.If you don’t catch the ball, you are out.(2-2奥运)3.The competition centres will be placed close to each other. (2-2奥运)When thebike gets too close to something it rings the bell. (2-3电脑)I landed close to the finishing line. (2-3电脑) People who are not close enough to each other(2-3电脑) Then English became closer to the language you are learning now. (1-2英语)4.Personally, I think the other team cheated. (2-3电脑)5.From the dictionary you will know how to use the word properly. (2-4生物)6.It died out more recently.(2-4生物)。
必修一unit1核心词汇背诵版
Unit 1 Teenage Life20. debate v./n.辩论；讨论（= discuss）对比：argue（争论，主张）；quarrel（争吵，吵架）debate with sb over/about sth = debate sth with sb 与某人就某事辩论，与某人讨论某事例：（1）We must debate the problem with the rest of the members.（2）The two boys are arguing with each other about how to deal with this problem.（3）Teenagers often quarrel with their parents because of generation gap.21. prefer (preferred preferred) v.较喜欢，倾向于preference n.偏爱，偏好prefer sth to sth 比起某物更喜欢某物prefer doing to doing 比起做某事更喜欢做某事prefer to do rather than do 比起做某事更喜欢做某事have a preference for ... 对...有偏好，偏爱...例：（1）Among all subjects, I actually have a preference for English.（2）I prefer to stay at home rather than go out for activities.（3）I prefer staying at home to going out for activities.22. content n.内容，（+s）目录adj.满意的，满足的（= satisfied）be content with = be satisfied with 对...满意例：（1）He shook his head again and again as if he was not content with my service.（2）You had better have a look at the contents before you read a book.23. move v.运动，移动；感动movement n.动作，运动moved adj.感动的moving adj.令人感动的例：（1）This moving movie moved me a lot.（2）I am fond of ballet because it has so many beautiful movements.24. suitable adj.合适的，适用的be suitable for 对...适合例：（1）I have to say this job isn’t suitable for me.（2）I don’t have anything suitable to wear for the party.25. actual adj.实际的，真实的actually adv.实际上，事实上例：（1）The actual cost was much higher than we had expected.（2）Since “life is a stage”, we are actually all actors and actresses.26. challenge n.挑战；质疑v.向...挑战；对...质疑challenged adj.有障碍的，伤残的，受到挑战的challenging adj.有挑战性的physically challenged 残疾的，有生理缺陷的例：（1）Actually I am not afraid to accept this challenging job and I am ready to challenge myself.（2）A man should not be laughed at whether he is physically challenged or mentally challenged.27. fluent adj.流利的，熟练的fluently adv.流利地，熟练地fluency n.流利，熟练be fluent in ... 在...方面流利或熟练with great fluency = very fluently 非常流利地例：（1）I can speak English fluently and I can municate with foreigners effectively.（2）He speaks Swahili with great fluency. Actually, he is fluent in both English and Swahili. 28. graduate v.毕业n.毕业生graduation n.毕业graduate from ... 从...毕业例：（1）My sister graduated from Qufu Normal University.（2）He applied for a position in a famous international pany after graduation.29. remend v.建议；推荐，介绍remendation n.建议；推荐remend doing = suggest doing 建议做某事remend sb to do sth = suggest sb to do sth 建议某人去做某事remend / suggest that sb (should) do sth 建议某人应该做某事remend sth to sb = remend sb sth 向某人推荐某物例：（1）My teacher remended that my homework should be finished in advance.（2）Could you remend a reference book to me?30. advance n./v.前进，发展advanced adj.高级的，高等的，先进的in advance = ahead of time = ahead of schedule 提前advanced technology 先进技术advanced course 高级课程例：（1）If you want to sign up for the advanced course, you must contact your teacher in advance.（2）I have difficulty in learning Advanced Math, but I will not give up.（3）Even if you arrive at your workplace ahead of time, you will not get extra pay for it.31. extra adj.额外的，外加的（= additional）do extra work = work extra hours 加班extracurricular activities 课外活动例：If I sign up for advanced literature, I will have no time for extracurricular activities.32. quit v.放弃；戒除；退出quit school = drop out of school 辍学quit doing = give up doing 放弃做某事；戒除（某种坏习惯）例：（1）The man quit school at a very young age.（2）My father tried his best to quit smoking, but failed at last.33. responsible adj.负责任的responsibility n.责任，义务be responsible for = take responsibility for 对...负责shoulder responsibility = take on responsibility 承担责任例：（1）We are supposed to be responsible for our own behavior and spare no effort to protect the environment.（2）It’s our responsibility to protect the environment.（3）I’ll have to study harder as a senior high school student and get used to being responsible for a lot more. 34. schedule n.工作计划，日程安排，时刻表（= timetable）v.安排，预定on schedule = on time 准时，按时间表ahead of schedule = ahead of time 提前be scheduled to do sth 按计划要做某事a tight schedule 日程紧as scheduled 按照计划例：（1）We should work extra hours on the project to plete it on schedule or even ahead of schedule.（2）The school sports meeting is scheduled to be held on October 17.（3）A tight schedule means we can’t delay any longer.35. survive v.生存，幸存survival n.生存，幸存；残存物survivor n.幸存者例：（1）Only a few people survived in the forest fire.（2）Climate change is a big factor which has a great influence on the survival of polar bears.（3）As the only survivor of the air crash, the young man refused to travel by plane in his rest life.36. attract v.吸引attractive adj.有吸引力的，吸引人的，有魅力的attraction n.吸引力，吸引人的东西，景点be attracted to... 喜爱，为...所吸引tourist attractions = places of interest 旅游景点，旅游胜地例：（1）This man has written many attractive novels and nearly all my classmates are attracted to his novels.（2）The Great Wall is one of the most famous tourist attractions in the world.（3）It’s not unusual for teenagers of your generation to be attracted to puter games and the online world.37. addict n.吸毒成瘾的人addicted adj.有瘾的，上瘾的，入迷的a drug addict 瘾君子，吸毒成瘾的人 a TV addict 电视迷be / get / bee addicted to (doing) sth 对...很入迷，对...上瘾例：（1）Some students bee addicted to the Internet and cannot concentrate on school and family life.（2）He admits that recently he has bee addicted to playing online games.38. patient n.病人adj.有耐心的patience n.耐心patiently adv.耐心地（= with patience）impatiently adv.不耐烦地be patient with... = have patience with... 对...有耐心例：（1）Lucy is a great doctor who is quite patient with her patients.（2）Be patient! The process is gradual and you can not expect an immediate change.（3）My teacher explained to me patiently how serious the mistake was.（4）Obviously, these patients were being more and more impatient because they had waited here for more than three hours.。
第一单元单词
fallacy n. 谬论pact n. 契约, 协定, 条约shrewd adj. 精明的well-off adj. 顺利的，走运的，手头宽裕的，繁荣昌盛的dye n. 染料,染色 vt. 染 vi. 染色makeup n. 组成(接通, 补给, 修理), 化妆品elite n. 精华, 精锐, 中坚份子radiant adj. 发光的, 明亮的, 辐射的counterpart n. 职位（或作用）相当的人；对应的事物pearl n. 珍珠 vt. 用珍珠装饰,像珍珠般洒落,形成珍珠状 vi. 形成珍珠状,寻找珍珠 adj. 像珍珠般的banner n. 旗帜,横幅,大标题 adj. 特别好的,杰出的 vt. 用横幅装饰,以大标题报道situated adj. 位于, 处于...立场的动词situate的过去式和过去分词expressway n. 高速公路venue n.犯罪地点,审判地,管辖地,发生地点,集合地,体育场馆luminous adj. 发光的, 发亮的，清楚的，明白易懂的stereo adj. 有立体视觉的,立体声的 n. 固定形象,立体声pedal n. 踏板 adj. 脚的, 踏脚的 v. 用脚踏动, 踩踏板gum n. 树胶,橡皮(糖),齿龈,粘性物质,牙床 vt. 搞砸,用牙床嚼,以树胶粘合 vi. 形成胶质,发粘staple n. 主要产物(要素),原料(地),U形(订书)钉 adj. 主要的,重要的vt. 用订书机装订distort vt. 变形,扭曲,歪曲 vi. 歪曲stump n. 残株, 烟蒂, 讲演台 v. 砍断, 蹒跚而走obesity n. 肥胖, 肥大explanatory adj. 说明的, 解释的underway n. 下穿道，在航 adj. 正在进行中的inference n. 推理,推论analytical adj. 分析的,解析的,善于解析的conversion n. 转变, 改变信仰, 换位premature adj. 早熟的,过早的,不按时的 n. 早产儿,早发surpass vt. 超越,凌驾,胜过premise vt. 引出，预先提出；作为…的前提 n. 前提；上述各项；房屋连地基 vi. 作出前提tactic n. 战略,策略 adj. 战术的,有策略的flatter vt.& vi. 阿谀奉承, 取悦, 炫耀 n. 平整工具discern vt.看出；理解，了解；识别，辨别 vi.辨明，分清crumble v. 崩溃, 弄碎, 减亡flare n. 闪光, 闪耀, [天]耀斑 v. 闪光, 闪耀proposition n. （难办或诱人的）事情，任务；见解；观点；（美国的）法律修正案；提议；建议；提案 vt. 向…提出下流的要求；向…提出猥亵的要求petitioner n. 请愿人axe n. 斧, 乐器, 突然去除 vt. 用斧砍, 突然去除ingenious adj. 机灵的,精制的,有独创性的muscular adj. 肌肉的, 肌肉发达的retort v. 反驳, 回嘴, 反击 n. 反驳, 顶嘴 n. 蒸馏器drip n. 滴, 点滴, 乏味的人, 水滴 v. 滴下, 漏水sarcasm n. 挖苦, 讽刺disclosure n. 揭发,败露。
Unit1重点词汇知识点梳理讲义-高中英语人教版
必修二Unit1 词汇整理1.heritage /ˈherɪtɪdʒ/ n.[U]遗产2.creatively /krɪˈeɪtɪvlɪ/ adv有创造力地3.creative /kriˈeɪtɪv/ adj有创造力的creative work创造性的工作►creativity /ˌkriːeɪˈtɪvɪtɪ/ n.创造力4.temple /ˈtempl/n [C] 庙宇;寺院;神殿5.relic /ˈrelɪk/ n.[C]遗物;遗迹cultural relics文化遗产6.mount /maʊnt/①骑(上)I mounted the steps and looked around me slowly. 我爬上台阶，慢慢环顾四周。
②组织;安排mount a protest /an exhibition 发起抗议/举办展览③逐步增加7.former /ˈfɔːmə/ a d j➊以前的He is my former colleague.他是我以前的同事。
➋(两者中)前面的in the former case 在前一种情况下the former ... the latter 前者……后者John and James are brothers. The former is a teacher; the latter is an engineer.约翰和詹姆斯是兄弟，前者是老师，后者是工程师。
►formerly /ˈfɔːməlɪ/adv以前;从前(previously)8.clue /klu:/[C]线索;提示search for clues 搜寻线索Write a conversation with the help of the clues. 根据提示编写一段对话。
►clueless /ˈkluːlɪs/adj[非正式用语]一无所知的;一窍不通的:I was clueless about a maths problem for a whole week.整整一个星期我对一道数学题都毫无头绪。
Unit 1 重点应掌握词汇
Unit 1 重点应掌握词汇I Academic word list (AWL)1.inadequate,2.integrity,3.self-evident,4.contract,5.detection,6.enormous,7.conference,8.documentation注：有些Academic words 包含在下面40个词中，为避免重复，不再单独列出.II D iscuss the words’ meaning1. withhold: hold back; refuse to hand over or give2. condemn: to criticize strongly, usually for moral reasons3. address: to give attention to or deal with a matter or problem4. prevalence: the quality of existing very commonly or happening frequently5. submit: hand over formally6. surveillance: a close watch kept on someone suspected of doing wrong7. ensure: make sure, guarantee; make certain8. fabrication: action or result of inventing (a false story); a forged document or afalse accountof events9. duplicate: identically copied from an original10. overwhelming: too great to rest or overcome, very great11. conducive: making it easy, possible or likely for something to happen12. inevitable: that you cannot avoid or prevent13. potential: that may or can come into existence; possible14.regurgitate: to bring food that has been swallowed back up into the mouthagain; to repeat something you have heard or read without really thinking about it or understanding it15.preeminent: more important, more successful or of a higher standard thanother16. insight: the ability to see and understand the truth about people or situations17. distinct: different in kind, separate18. pervade: to spread through and be noticeable in every part of something19.sanction: a course of action that can be used, if necessary, to make peopleobey a law or behave in a particular way20. universally: by everyone; everywhere or in every situation21. approach: to start dealing with a problem, task, etc. in a particular way22. assume: to think or accept that something is true but without having proof ofit23. subscribe: to agree with or support an opinion, a theory, etc.24. infraction: an act of breaking a rule or law25. precedence: right to come before sb./ sth. in time, order, rank, etc.26.solidarity: support by one person or group of people for another becausethey share feelings, opinions, aims, etc.27. enforce: to make sure that people obey a particular law or rule28. flout: to show that you have no respect for a law, etc. by openly not obeyingit29. disregard: to not consider something; to treat something as unimportant30. flux: in constant change31.alternative:a thing that you can choose to do or have out of two or morepossibilities32. nuance: a subtle difference in meaning or opinion or attitude33. paradoxica l: seemingly contradictory but nonetheless possibly true34. arbitrary: not seeming to be based on a reason, system or plan andsometimes seeming unfair35. admonishment: a warning to somebody about their behavior36. implicate: to show or suggest that somebody is involved in something bad orcriminal37. protract: lengthen in time; cause to be or last longer38.suspension: the act of officially removing somebody from their job, school,team, etc. for a period of time, usually as a punishment39. orientation: training or information that you are given before starting a newjob, course, etc.40. convict: find or declare guilty注：绿体字为awl词汇，为学术英语中的高频词，可作为教学的核心词汇；灰体字为非重点记忆词汇，不作为考点。
Unit1单元词汇
Unit onematter 问题, 事情stomachache 胃疼, 腹疼lie平躺, 躺headache 头疼passenger 乘客trouble 问题, 苦恼accident 交通事故importance 重要性decision 决定death 死亡sore 疼foot 脚neck 脖子stomach 胃, 腹throat 喉咙fever 发烧rest 休息cough 咳嗽toothache 牙疼X-ray X光herself 她自己bandage 绷带sick 生病knee 膝盖nosebleed 鼻子出血hurt 受伤hit 撞击breathe 呼吸sunburnt 晒伤ourselves 我们自己risk 冒险situation 情形属性kilo 千克rock 演示knife 刀子blood 血mean 意味着control 控制spirit 勇气nurse 护士短语cut off 切除too much 太多lie down 躺下see a dentist 看牙医get an x-ray 做个X光检查take one’s temperature 测体温put some medicine… 在……上敷药have a fever 发烧play computer games 玩电脑游戏all weekend 整个周末take a break/ breaks 休息without thinking twice 没多想go to a doctor 看医生get off 下车take sb to the hospital 送某人去医院wait for 等待to one’s surprise 使……惊讶的thanks to 由于, 多亏in time 及时think about 考虑have a heart problem 有心脏病right away 马上do the right thing 做正确的事情play soccer 踢足球a few 几个, 少数come in 进来get hit 被击打be interested in 对……感兴趣be used to 习惯于take a risk/take risks 冒险lose one’s life 失去生命because of 因为run out of 用完, 耗尽get out of 离开be in control of 掌管, 管理make a decision/ make decisions 做决定go mountain climbing 去爬山give up 放弃。
综合英语1-4册课文核心词汇汇总
四级词汇汇总（全新版大学英语综合教程1-4册）Book 1 Unit 1agony 极度痛苦n. anticipate 预期，期望vt.assign 分配，分派vt. associate 使联系起来；使联想 vt. avoid 避免 vt. career 生涯，事业，职业n. command 命令n.,v. compose 创作vt.distribute 分发，分配vt. extraordinary 不同寻常的，奇特的a. finally 最终，终于ad. formal 刻板的，正式的，正规的a. image 形象，印象，（图）像n. inspire 激励，鼓舞vt.recall 回想起，回忆起vt. reputation 名声，名誉n. respectable 可敬的，体面的a. rigid 一成不变的，严格的a.scan 浏览，粗略地看v. sequence 一连串相关的事物，顺序n. severe 朴素的，严重的，剧烈的a. tackle 处理，应付vt.tedious 乏味的，冗长的a. violate 违背，违反vt.vivid 生动的，逼真的a. face up to 勇敢地接受或对付hold back 控制（眼泪或情绪等） off and on 断断续续地，有时out of date 过时地 put down 写下take hold 生根，确立 turn in 交（作业）turn out 编写，制造 what’s more 而且，此外，更有甚者Book 1 Unit 2absolutely 完全的 adv available 可用的 aawful 非常大的 a choke 窒息 vcorrespondence 信件 n destination 目的地 nestimate 估计 vt mostly vt 主要地neighborhood 邻居 n postpone 推迟 vtpractically 实际地 ad reference 提及 nreunion 重聚 n skip 略过 vtough 不幸的 a urge 力劝 va couple of 几个 all the way 一直be lost in/lose oneself 专心致志于 choke up 堵塞come up 出现 every now and then 时不时go ahead 继续做 go by 流失hang out 闲逛 keep in touch(with) 保持联系keep up 保持 kind of/sort of 一点know/learn by heart 记住 lose touch 失去联系might/may(just) as well 最好 not much of a 不经常on one’s mind 记挂在心头 or something 或者别的什么right away 马上Book 1 Unit3basis 基础 n. brief 简洁的；短暂的 a. competition 竞争；比赛 n. concept 概念 n.anyway 不管怎么说 ad. background 背景；底色 n. contact 与...接触 vt. convey 表达 vt.educate 教育 vt. ensure 保证，确保 vt. entertain 给…以欢乐；招待 ad. evident 明显的，明白的 adj. global 全球的，全球性的 adj. grasp 掌握，了解 n.; vt hence 因此，从此 ad. highly 很，非常 ad.initiative 主动 n. likely 可能的 a. 可能 ad. moreover 而且，再者 ad. precise 准确的 a.proportion 比例；部分 n. rate 速度，比率 n. responsibility 责任 n. steady 稳定的 a.sufficient 充分的 a. tend 倾向 vi.at the moment 此刻，目前 bring about 引起，导致cut off 切断，中断；切下 do without 没有…而设法对付过去fit into 适合；符合 in terms of 从…方面in the form of 以…形式 in two minds 犹豫不决；三心二意lie in 在于 put across 解释清楚put/turn the clock back 倒退，开倒车 slow down 减慢Book 1 Unit4assume vt. 假设；以为balance n.平衡，余额capacity n. 能力；才能character n.性格；品质；特性；confidence n. 信心determination n.决心；果断diet n.日常饮食discard vt. 抛弃giant a. 巨大的n.巨人handle vt. 管理；处理；操纵hunt v. 寻找；打猎；猎取loan vt. 借；贷n. 贷款；借；贷personnel n.人事部门；全体职工precision n. 精密；精确性principle n.信条；原则；原理property n.（房）地产，财产skilled a. 熟练的，技术性的sometime ad.某个时候sponsor vt. 为…做保证人；主办，n. 保证人；主办者，发起人weekly a. 每周的；一周一次的wreck n. 残破物；残骸call on 拜访above all 最重要的是check on 检查；调查；查看clean up 打扫；清除work out 制定出；解决；算出do with 对待；处理for sale 待售send for 派人去叫；召唤；pass away 去世turn away 拒绝帮助；不让…进入turn down 拒绝Book 1 Unit5acquaintance (n) 相识的人 beloved (a)深爱的；亲爱的classic (n)典型；典范 compete (v)竞争；对抗embarrass (v)使尴尬；使局促不安 executive（n）行政领导；管理人员favorite(n)特别喜欢的人（物）；（a）最喜欢的finance (n)财政；金融 inquiry (n)打听；询问instantly （adv）立刻；马上 manufacture(v) 大量制造married （a）结婚的；已婚的 monthly （a）每月的；每月一次的odd （a）临时的；不固定的 option（n）选择权；replace（v）取代；代替 replacement （n）接替者；替代物retire （v）退休 stock（n）股票，；证券；公债survive（v）比…活得长经历…后幸存 and（all）that诸如此类die of 死于 give up 放弃ask around四处打听 grab at 抓住；夺得stay up 醒着；不去睡 care for 照顾；照看look（sb）in the eye 直视某人 pick out 辨认出；分辨出straighten out 解决Book 1 Unit6absorb vt 完全吸引住....的注意、吸收hesitate vi 犹豫、踌躇split vi (使)裂开、破裂broaden v (使)变宽、（使）扩大identify vt 识别sustain vt 支持、保持reflect vt 反映、显示correspond vi 通信locate vt 找到...的位置、使坐落于thrust v 挤入、插入、猛推disgust vt 使厌恶、使反感grip v 握紧、紧握fertile a 肥沃的、富饶的previous a 早先的、先前的grand a 宏伟的、壮丽的keen a 强烈的、热切的thoughtful a 深思的、体贴的grateful a 感激的sensible a 通情达理的、理智的slim a 苗条的、细小的wisdom n 智慧、明智glow n 光亮、光辉margin n 页边空白overseas a 去（在）国外（海外）的ad 去（在）国外（海外）bud v 发芽、萌芽n (枝叶的)芽、花蕾whichever pron 无论哪个或哪些be grateful to (sb) for (sth) 因（某事）而感激（某人）in response to 作为对...的回应go sb’s way 与某人同路make one’s way 走去more than a little 很、非常take a chance 碰运气冒险Book 1 Unit7controversy n.争论，争议surround vt. 围绕，包围explore vt. 探究，探索obvious a. 明显的encounter vt. 遇到，遭遇reveal vt. 展示，揭露convince vt. 使确信，使信服dominant a. 统治的，占优势的negotiate vi. 谈判，协商relieve vt. 使减轻痛苦或焦虑等undertake vt.从事，承担（任务等）extend v.延伸，伸展，扩大，加长expand v. 扩大，扩展switch v. 转换，变换cooperate vi. 合作，协作assess vt. 评估，估量judgment n. 判断，意见，看法thrive vi. 茁壮成长，兴旺emergency n. 紧急情况，突然事件release vt. 释放evidence n. 证据，迹象deceive v. 欺骗original a. 最初的，原始的gaze n. 凝视，注视underneath prep. 在…下面horizon n. 眼界，见识，地平线make a deal 达成交易only to 结果却，不料figure out 理解，推断出in sb.’s interest(s) 为了某人的利益at first 起先size up 估量判断give in 让步，屈服，投降wipe out 消灭，消除Book 1 Unit8run out of 用完，耗尽file (n) 档案，卷宗handful (n) 一把，少量upset (vt) 使苦恼，使心烦意乱ignorant（adj）无知的，不知道的private (adj) 私人的，私有的slice (n) 部分，（薄薄的）一片chill（v）(使)变冷，（使）不寒而栗sum up 总结，概括financial (adj) 财政的，金融的accumulate (v) 积累，积聚intellectual (adj)智力的affect (vt) 影响industrial (adj) 工业的function (vi)运作，起作用（n）作用，功能idle (adj) 懒散的，空闲的jam (vi) 发生故障，卡住，堵塞break down 停止运转，失败，垮了drive (sth)home (to sb) 使清楚无误地理解humble (adj) 谦卑的，卑微的portable (adj) 便携（式）的，手提（式）的hut (n) 小屋，棚屋search for 寻找leisure(n) 空闲，闲暇luxury (n) 奢侈品，奢华，奢侈better off 更富有，更舒服scare (v)(使)惊慌，（使）恐惧wake up 醒了complex (adj) 复杂的manual(adj) 体力的，手工做的swear(vt) 发誓，宣誓make a living by 靠…..维持生计miracle (n)奇迹faculty (n) 官能indifference (n) 冷漠，不重视，中立Book 2 Unit 1accomplish v，达到,完成,实现成就,成绩apply v 适用,应用attach v 系,贴,附加await v 等待bold adj 勇敢无畏的;冒失鲁莽的. critical adj 批评的,评论的departure v 离开,起程,背离,变更emerge v 出现,兴起enormous adj 巨大的，极大的. evolve v 逐步形成,发展,演化. exaggerate v 夸张,夸大,言过其实. initial adj 开始的,最初的insert v 插入,嵌入. investigate v，调查neglect v忽视occasion n 时候,场合. performance v 执行,履行principal adj 首要的,主要的priority n 优先(权),优先考虑的事. promote v 提升,晋升relevant adj 有关的somewhat adv 有点,稍微summarize v 总结,概括. superior adj 上级的,较高等级的valid adj 有根据的,站得住脚的find one’s way到达,流入,进入in due course 到时候,今后适当时候in retrospect 回想起来,事后看来. make up for 补偿,弥补not in the least 一点也不.pick up (偶然或容易地)获得,学会. throw light on 帮助理解work on 从事,致力Book 2 Unit 2abrupt adv 突然的,意外的;陡峭的affluent adj 富裕,充裕的attain v 达到,获得rbless vt 保佑. bracket n 括号;等级段,档次cherish v 珍视,爱护; confront v 面临,面对; consequence n 结果,后果curiosity n 好奇dated adj 注有日期的;过时的deny v 否认;拒绝给予donation n 捐赠,赠给. fabricate v 制造;捏造,伪造focus v，聚焦genuine adj 真的,非人造的;item n，一项，一条linger v 逗留,徘徊;存留.minimal adj 最小的;最低限度的primary adj 最初的, 首要的pursuit n 追求seemingly adv 表面上;其实未必sentiment n情绪，感情stammer v. n 结巴,口吃tangible adj 可触知的,有形的tickle v 挠痒;逗乐,使高兴vital adj极其重要的well-off adj 境遇好的;富裕的fall into 分成;属于fill out 填写go through 经受,经历nothing more than 不强于,不多于out of place 不适当的,不相称的. wear and tear 磨损,损耗Book 2 Unit 3assure v 使确信;保证bet v. 敢肯定，确信community n. 社区consist vconstant a 持续的，不变的dread v 怕,畏惧;忧虑,厌恶dumb a 愚蠢的，哑的exhaust v 用完,耗尽(资源或力量) fade v 褪色，逐渐消失frank a 坦白的,真诚的,glorious n 极好的，辉煌的humiliate v 羞辱,使丢脸.hysterical adj 歇斯底里的interference v 干涉,干预,干扰junior a 较年幼的，较低级的location n 位置,地点,定位.patience n 耐心，忍耐proof n 证据,证明repeatedly adv 反复地scheme n 计划,规划,方案;阴谋诡计talent n才能，天才twist v 转动,旋动;缠绕;编织;歪曲.typical adj 典型的,特有的welfare 福利,康乐at any rate 无论如何,至少come over 感到,成为consist of 组成,构成. hand down 把…传下去.in unison 共同,一起,一致keep (sb.) in suspenseknow better than 明事理(而不至于) narrow down: 缩小,缩减Book 2 Unit 4abuse n 滥用，虐待 angle n角度，立场annoy vt使恼怒，使烦恼 appointment n约会arrange vt安排 virtual a.虚拟的，实质上的interpret v理解，解释 tone n语气，口气stretch v拉长，伸展 edit vt编辑via prep通过，借助于 Internet n互联网data n数据，资料 spit vt吐出symptom n征兆，症状 nightmare n噩梦crawl vi爬行缓慢移动 conversely ad相反地jar v使感到不快，使震惊 remark n言辞，话语 v说cue n暗示，提示 routine n例行事务，惯例crime n罪 suicide n自杀restore vt恢复 flee v逃走，逃离laughter n笑，笑声 click v用鼠标点击 n点击connection n连接 tune n曲子，曲调at times 有时 take in接收，得到on line联机，在线 but then但另一方面，然而be sucked in/into卷入 in sight临近set apart使离开，使分开Book 2 Unit 5alternate轮流的 a anxiety担心 ncoincide同时发生 vi competitor竞争者 ncongratulate祝贺vt dedication奉献 nemotion激情 n excitement兴奋 nfantasy幻想 n grace优雅 ngroan叹息 vi hug拥抱vtintensity强烈，紧张 n media大众传播媒介 nmere仅仅 a motion运动 nnumerous许多的 a passion热情 nrecur再来，再发生 vi soar高飞 vistartle使大吃一惊vt sweat汗水n 出汗vitense（令人）紧张的 a tension紧张 n upper上部的 a vain虚荣的 aalong with连同 be ashamed of因…感到难为情bring(sb.) back to earth使回到现实中 coincide with与…同时发生in one’s mind’s eye 在想象中 stretch out伸直，延伸on one/two/several occasion(s)有一（两，几）次Book 2 Unit 6abnormal a. 不正常的；变态 buzz v. n. 嗡嗡声convert v. （使）转变，转化 crave v. 渴望得到cultural a. 文化（上）的 decent a. 像样的，得体的distinguish v. 辨认出；分辨 faulty a. 有缺陷的flexible a. 灵活的；有弹性的 hybrid a.混合的;n杂交动植物imply v. 暗示，含有……的意思 indication n. 迹象；表示ironic a. 颇有讽刺意味的 leap n.,v. 跳；跃mechanical a. 机械的；呆板的 miniature a. 极小的；panic n. 惊慌v.惊慌失措 premise n. 前提selective a. 仔细挑选的；有选择的 shudder v. 战栗；发抖stumble v. 绊了一下；跌跌撞撞而行transmission n. 传动装置；传输 a herd of 一群……at a disadvantage 处于不利地位 can’t help doing 忍不住要做…grit one’s teeth 咬紧牙关；下定决心not know any better 因无知而做错事或傻事not know/understand the first thing about 对……一窍不通stumble into 偶然步入 when it comes to 一谈到；就…而言Book 2 Unit 7addition n.增加的人（物） alternative n.供选择的东西arouse vt.唤起，激起 ban vt.禁止，取缔channel n.海峡，渠道，频道 climate n.气候(区)conquer v.征服 corrupt vt.讹用，腐蚀贿赂descend vi.起源于；下降 drift vi.漂泊elite n.出类拔萃的人，精英 enrich vt.使富裕，使丰富establish vt.建立，确立 fascinating a.迷人的，有极大吸引力的habitual a.习惯的；习以为常的 influence n.,vt.影响inhabit vt.居住于 invade vt.侵入，侵略invent v.发明 liberty n.自由massive a.大量的，大规模的 modify vt.修改，更改mystery n.神秘的事物 necessity n.必需品；必要nourish vt.滋养，培育 resemble vt.与…相似royal a.国王或女王的；皇家的 snack n.快餐，点心source n.源，来源 surrender v.投降systematic a.有系统的 tolerance n.容忍，宽容；忍耐come up with 想出；提出 for effect 为了增强效果，为了引起注意out of control 失去控制 put into practice 将…付诸实施spring up 涌现 strictly speaking 严格地讲strike out 创造，开创to a(very real, certain, etc.) extent 在（极大，某种）程度上Book 2 Unit 8abundance n.充裕，丰富 bark v.犬、叫bloom n.v.（开）花 blossom n.（全部）花朵. vi.开花brood vi. 孵卵 chorus n.合唱曲complain vi.抱怨，投诉 counterpart n.职能相当的人或物creep vi. 悄悄缓慢地走，弥漫 desert vt.离弃evil a.邪恶的，n.邪恶，罪恶 flicker vi.摇曳，闪烁flock n.一群（禽，畜等） grim a.阴森的，无情的、狰狞的harmony n.和谐，融洽 hatch vt. （使）浮出migrant n.候鸟，迁徙动物 misfortune n.厄运，不幸mysterious a.神秘的 patch n.块，斑纹prosperous a.繁荣昌盛的 puzzle v.使困惑sicken v.生病，使恶心 silence vt.使缄默，压抑spell n.魔力，中邪；一段时间 stark a.严酷的stricken a.患病的，罹难的 surroundings n.周围的环境，环境throb vi.(心脏、机器等)跳动， tragedy n.惨案，悲剧unnoticed a.不被察觉的 vegetation n.草木，植被wither v.（使）枯萎 be lined with 俩边…排列成行come into bloom 盛开着花 feed on 以…….为食in harmony with 与…..和谐in the midst of 在当中，正当…发生的时候scores of 大量，许多 settle on/over 降临，笼罩Book 3 Unit 1blast v.吹起，劲吹；炸掉boundary n. 边界；分界线budget n. 预算combine v.（使）结合；（使）联合device n. 设备，装置digest n. 文摘；摘要economic adj. 经济学的；经济（方面）的generate vt. 形成；产生haul vt.（用马车，卡车)搬运illustrate vt. 举例说明improvement n. 改进indoor adj. 室内的insurance n. 保险；保险费invest v. 投资involve vt. 使参加；使陷入；包含，牵涉lower v. 降低；减少resist vt. 抵制minor adj.较少的；较小的pursue vt. 努力去获得，追求profit n.得益；收益，利润v.获利，得益；有益于scale n. 规模requirement n. 要求，必要条件stack vt. 一堆on balance 总的来说wicked adj. 邪恶的；坏的supplement vt. 补充；增加suspect vt. 怀疑；相信temptation n. 诱惑（物）aside from 除了at that point 就在那时cut back 减少；削减dine out 外出吃饭get by 过得去get through 通过，度过Just about 几乎on a small /large scale 小规模地Book 3 Unit 2abolish vt. 废除alongside ad. 在旁边bid vt. 吩咐，告诉authorize vt. 批准，委托capture n. 抓捕，捕获compel vt. 强迫，强求confident adj. 有信心的，确信的decade n. 十年conviction n. 坚定的看法或信仰disguise vt. 伪装forge vt. 建立historic adj. 有历史意义的impose vt. 把、、、、、、强加于mission n. 使命motivate vt. 使产生动机，激起racial adj. 种族的religious adj.宗教的settlement n. 新拓居地site n. 地方，位置，遗址shelter vt. 给、、、、、、提供庇护处，保护, 庇护物slender adj. 苗条的，细长的spot vt. 看出，发现，辨别terminal n. 终点threat n. 恐吓，威胁wed n. 网状物stand up （for）支持at risk 有危险，冒风险be intent on 热衷于，坚决要做close in （on/around）接近，包围in the eyes of 在某人看来as for 至于make the best of 充分利用on the side 秘密的pass for 被看做，被当做Book 3 Unit 3analyze vt.分析atmosphere n.气氛barrier n.障碍chart n.图表civilize vt.使文明electronic adj.电子的era n.年代error n.错误feature vt.给……以显著地位medium adj.中等的,平均的paste n.浆糊vt.用浆糊粘贴reflection n.有损声誉的事，思考，反映rural adj. 农村的sideways adj. 斜着的sophisticated adj.复杂的,老练的，精密的statistics n.统计suburb n.郊区system n.系统threaten vt.威胁universal adj.全体的urban adj.城市的vulnerable adj.易受攻击的wander vi.漫游be bathed in 沉浸于build in 使成为建筑的一部分close up 关闭hook up to连接到look bank on 回顾on the latch 关着但没上锁put up 建造stand for 代表with/by a small/large margin 小/大幅without/with not so much as 甚至连…….都没…..Book 3 Unit 4accordingly adv.因此，从而，相应的anniversary n.周年纪念日approve v.赞成，同意，批准caution n.小心，谨慎concentration n.集中，专心credit vt.把…归于fabric n.织物，织品flaw n.缺陷foundation n.基础，基本原理imagination n.想象力impressive adj.给人以深刻印象的inspiration n.灵感loose adj.不受束缚的，自由的mess n.脏乱状态outbreak n.爆发presence n.出席，到场reality n.现实remarkable adj.值得注意的，非凡的stimulate vt.使兴奋strain vt.使紧张，拉紧，绷紧trifle n.少量，少许undermine vt.暗中破坏，逐渐损害unify vt.使成一体，使结合Book 3 Unit 5accord vt. 使符合，给予amid prep在…当中，在…之间assemble vt. 集合，装配considerate adj.体贴的，考虑周到的diminish v.（使）变小，（使）减少expose vt.使暴露，使接触gratitude n. 感激，谢意immerse vt.使浸没，使沉迷instance n. 实例，例子marvelous adj.不可思议的，美妙的quote vt. 引用，引述repay vt.偿还，赔偿reverse vt. 反转，交换…的位置sincere adj.诚挚的，真诚的specific adj.明确的，具体的sprinkle vt.将…洒在…上，洒statement n. 陈述，声明successive adj. 接连不断的，连续的swift adj. 迅疾的，即时的traditional adj.传统的，惯例的unload v.卸（货）undergo vt. 经过，经历weep v. 流（泪），（为…而）哭泣and the rest等等at sea 在海上航行be exposed to暴露于，与…接触be immersed in 沉浸在，沉迷于bring back回想起get to sth/doing sth开始认真思考（或做）go about 着手做，从事in a flash 一瞬间in part在某种程度上，部分地in quest of 寻求，追求in secret秘密地，暗自in turn 挨个地，轮流地put away把…收好，放好on sb’.s behalf 为了（某人）的利益，代表（某人）take…for granted 认为…是理所当然turn over考虑，思考under way航行中，工作中，进行中long for 渴望Book 3 Unit 6acute （a）急性的，严重的 backward (ad）倒着cling （vi）抓紧 dreary (a)沉闷的, 使人忧郁的endure (v)持续，忍受，忍耐 fancy （n）幻想，胡思乱想flutter（v）飘动，晃动 fragile (a)易碎的，虚弱的joint （a）共同的，共有的 masterpiece （n）杰作，代表作merry （a）高兴的，愉快的，欢乐的 mingle（v）混合mock （v）取笑，嘲弄 nonsense 废话，愚蠢的行为persistent （a）持续的，一再发生的 scarcely 几乎没有，几乎不sin （n）罪孽 stalk (v)潜行，subtract（v）扣除，减去 whistle (v)用口哨吹be wet through 湿透的 call to 呼唤cling to 紧紧抓住 for the rest 至于其他hear of 听说，得知 in a whisper 低声地in tune 和谐 look the part 看上去像pull up 拉起 sit up坐起来stand out 显著，突出 to excess 过度turn loose 放手，放纵 wear away 流逝，磨损Book 3 Unit 7betray vt. 背叛；出卖 commission n. 委员会；佣金； vt. 委任cripple vt. 削弱；使跛； crush vt. 压碎；弄皱，delivery n.分娩；递送 dignity n. 尊严；高贵disabled adj. 残废的，有缺陷的 disorder n. 混乱；骚乱echo vt. 反射； n. 回音 guarantee n. 保证；保证人； vt. 保证；impatient adj. 焦躁的；不耐心的lash v. 鞭打 laundry n. 洗衣店,要洗的衣服limb n. 肢，枝干 limitation n. 限制;缺陷literature n. 文学；文献 pause n. 暂停；间歇 vi. 暂停pledge n.誓言; vt. 保证，许诺； profitable adj.；赚钱的；有益的register vt. 登记；注册； retail v. 零售； n. 零售scar vt.给留下伤痕 n.疤痕 section n.；部分；部门；signature n. 署名； solitary adj. 孤独的 n. 独居者；隐士surgery n. 外科；外科手术 territory n. 领土，领域tilt vi. 倾斜；翘起 transfer v. 转让；转移；apply for 申请，请求 be laid up (with) 因病卧床drop...off 落下，掉下， feel like sth./doing sth 想要做…gain on 逼近；超过；侵蚀 go off 离开；变质kick up v.引起；激起 off balance 不平稳的，摇摆的off one’s feet 躺着；控制不住自己 on the phone 在打电话Book 3 Unit 8analysis n. 分析 brilliant a. 极聪明的；非凡的；clone n vt. 克隆;无性繁殖， complication n. 并发症；复杂情况；condemn v. 谴责；责备 consent vi. 同意；contentious a.（可能）引起争论的； disapproval n. 不赞同；反对donate v. 献出；捐赠（钱，物等） et cetera （通常缩写作etc）等等eyesight n. 视力；目力 full-time a. 全日制的；专职的；fraud n. 欺骗（行为）；骗子 implant vt. 植入；移植种植；issue n. 问题，期号；发行物 legislation n.（总称）法律，法规misconception n. 错误观念；错觉 opponent n. 对手；敌手potential n. 潜在性 a. 潜在的 procedure n. 程序；手续standpoint n. 立场；观点 transplant vt. 移植 n. 移植；tremendous a. 极大的，惊人的 by necessity 由于客观情况的需要；come forward 自告奋勇；主动争取 focus on 集中于（某事物）in a sense 在某种意义上 in place 适当的，恰当的in reality 事实上；实际上 in some ways 在某种程度上make the most of 充分利用 no more than 至多，仅仅result from 是……的结果，由于……而发生Book 4 Unit 1alliance n. 联盟 declaration n.宣布；宣言heroic a. 英雄的；英勇的 minus prep. 零下；减region n. 地区 toll n. 伤亡人数；（道路，桥梁）通行费campaign a. 战役；运动； desperate a. 非常严重的；拼死的instruct vt. 指示，命令；讲授 occupation n. 占领；职业render vt. 使成为 underestimate vt. 低估conquest n. 征服，战胜 efficient a. 效率高的invasion n.入侵；侵略 offensive n.进攻a.进攻的；使人不快的resistance n.抵抗；反对 weaken v. （使）虚弱；（使）变弱crucial a.至关重要的 engage v.参与; 使订婚; 交战launch vt. 开始；发射 raw a. 阴冷的；生的；未加工的siege n. 围困 decisive a.决定性的；果断的equip vt.装备，配备 limp vi. 一瘸一拐地走reckon v. 计算；认为 stroke n.一次；一击at the cost of 以…为代价 bide one’s time 等待时机drag on 缓慢费力地走；拖延 in the case of 至于，就…来说stand/ get/ be in the way 挡道 thanks to 由于，因为；妨碍be faced with 面临 bring to a halt 使停止engage /be engaged in (doing) sth 从事；参与press on/ ahead（不顾困难）继续进行 take a gamble 冒险turn the tide (against) 彻底改变形势（从而对…不利）be /get bogged down 被困扰 catch sb. off guard 趁某人不备reckon with 考虑 take its/ a toll 造成损失（伤亡）Book 4 Unit 2alert v 使警觉；使注意 application n. 应用；运用apart ad 相间隔；分离 approximately ad 近似；大概automate v 使自动化 bunch v 使成一束（或一捆等）calculate v 计算 computerize v 使计算机化correlate v 使（与…）相互关联 decrease v 减少detect v 检测到；发现 eliminate v 消除；消灭；排除expansion n 扩大；扩展 frequency n 频率；次数hazard n 危害；危险 incorporate v 将…包括进去lane 车道 n lucrative a 生利的，赚钱的magnetic a 磁的；有磁性的 monotonous a 单调的；一成不变的mount v 将、、、固定住 orbit v 环绕轨道运行prototype n 原型；样品 remote a 遥控的；偏僻的satellite n 卫星 signal n 信号steer v 驾驶，掌舵 vapor n 汽；雾；蒸汽vibrate v（使）振动；颤动， be poised to (do) 做好准备随时（做…）get / be stuck in (sth.) 停留，被阻塞 in the air 在空中；悬而未决send out 用（无线电波等）发送（信号等）发送start up 发动，启动；开始 take control of 控制turn (sth.) into a reality （使）成为现实Book 4 Unit 3applicantn.求职者；申请人 barelyad.仅够；几乎没有beforehandadv.事先 blurtvt.未加思索地冲口说出chucklevi.咯咯地笑 endeavorn.努力；尽力；generouslyad.慷慨地；不吝啬地 grillvt.盘问；烧烤inadequatea.不适当的；不充分的 incidentallyad.顺便提起地；附带地measurablea.可测量的 partnern.搭档；同伙physicallyad. 身体上；按自然法则地 preparationn.准备；预备prospectivea.可能成为的；预期的 respondvi.回答rudea.粗鲁的；不礼貌的 sparklevi.显露（才智）；闪耀structuren.构造；结构 taxi(v.)vi.（指飞机）在地面或水面滑行veterann.老兵；老手 as I see it 在我看来(as)the saying gose 俗话说；常言道beyond anyone’s/one’s wildest dreams 无论如何也想不到的；做梦也不敢想的do one’s homework 事先做好准备 follow up 采取进一步行动、from one’s the standpoint（of）从…的观点来看go after 努力争取，追求 in sb.’s hands 为某人所拥有in the neighborhood of 大约make a difference 改变现状或前景；产生影响take/have a crack at 尝试Book 4 Unit 4academic n.学者; a. 学术的 accelerate v.（使）加速advantageous a.有利的；有益的; aspire vi.渴望得到;asset n.财产，资产；优势，资源; center vt.置于中央；集中;considerable a.相当（多）大的; contradiction n.矛盾displace vt.取代…的位置；替代; divorce vt.使分离；离婚; domestic a.本国的；国内的; earnest a.诚挚的；认真的; economy n.经济（体）；经济制度; elsewhere adv.在别处；到处; endorse vt.赞同；认同; entitle vt.给…题名；给…取名; erase vt.擦掉；抹掉; establishment n.当权者；统治阶级; facilitate vt.使容易；使便利; forefront n.最前面；最前线; growth n.生长；增长；扩展; increasingly adv.越来越；日益; investment n.投资（金额）; landmark a.有重大意义的; n 里程碑network v.交际；积累人脉; n.网络; outlook n.观点；看法；态度; overtake vt.赶上；超过; patriotic a.爱国的;pendulum n.摆；钟摆; strengthen vt.加强；变强;unlike a.prep.不同；不像; vanish vi.（突然）不见；不复存在; witness vt.目击； n.见证者； a handful of 少数的；a variety of 种种；多种多样; at odds with 与…相冲突；与…不一致；be committed to 承诺；忠于; let alone 更不用说;make no / little difference 无影响；不重要; strike a balance 求得平衡; sweep aside 不理会；Book 4 Unit 5affectionate a。
第一单元单词
第一单元单词deviate vt. 使偏离, 脱离vi. 违背,偏离n. 叛离者,偏差, 不正常的人或物adj.离经叛道的preclude vt. 排除,妨碍,阻止premier n. 总理, 首相adj. 第一的, 首位的, 最初whereby adv. 借此(在...旁,凭什么)civic adj. 公民的, 市民的, 城市的patriotic adj. 爱国的clear-cut adj. 轮廓鲜明的, 清晰的n. 林木被伐光的林地v. 皆伐inhibit vt. &vi. 禁止,抑制[计算机] 禁止scholarly adj. 学究气的，学者派头的名词scholar的形容词idiot n. 白痴bypass vt. 绕开, 忽视n. 支路，旁道persecution n. 迫害,烦扰misfortune n. 不幸, 灾祸glamor n. 魅力，吸引力=glamour(英)glamorous adj. 富有魅力的,迷人的tragic adj. 悲剧的, 悲惨的spur n. 马刺, 刺激, 鞭策, 支脉, (公路或铁路的)支线, vt. 以马刺策(马)前进,刺激, 激励, 给(马)装马刺optimism n.&adj. 乐观,乐观主义dedication n. 奉献,献词,献堂礼commend vt. 推荐，嘉奖，把……托付给vi. 推荐uphold v. 支撑, 赞成, 鼓励endeavor n. 努力, 尽力, 进取心vt. 努力,尽力vi. 企图, 谋求statesman n. 政治家, 国务活动家diligent adj. 勤奋的, 用功的pursuit n. 追求, 追赶, 工作ranch n. 牧场prestige n. 威望,声望circuit n. 电路,一圈,巡回vt. &vi. 巡回unprecedented adj. 空前的,前所未有的nominate vt. 提名, 指派, 登记赛马参加比赛appoint vt. 任命,指定,预约,装饰vi. 行使任命权abortion n. 流产,堕胎expend v. 花费,消耗,支出threat n. 威胁, 凶兆inward adj. 内心的,里面的向内的，亲密的adv. 向内n.内部，内在robust adj. 强壮的,强健的,粗野的,需要体力的,浓的slack n. 松弛的部分, 松散, 淡季, 中止adj. 松弛的, 不流畅的vt. 使缓慢,疏忽vi. 变松弛, 逃避工作transcend v. 超越handicap n. 障碍赛,障碍vt. 加障碍物,妨碍feat n. 壮举,功绩,技艺表演Remove from 除掉，迁移deviate from vt. 脱离(偏离, 背离)preclude from v. 阻止, 妨碍write off n. 勾销(很快地写好,报废,完全无用)fail in vt. 在……上失败，变弱triumph over v. 战胜in pursuit of 追求, 寻求act as 担任，充当fall down 跌倒，失败第二单元waterproofa.防水的；不透水的n.防水衣物；雨衣jettyn.栈桥；突堤；登岸码头notoriousa.臭名昭著的；声名狼藉的hopvi.快速行走；弹跳oustvt.(尤指为取而代之而)迫使(某人)放弃职位；把...撵走feeblea.1非常虚弱的；无力的；2整脚的；无效的；站不住脚的recedevi.1减弱，减小(可能性)；2(从高处)后退deemvt.认为pathetica.1招人怜悯的；可怜的；2没用的；无效mobn.同类的一群人gaspvi.1(因惊讶、惊吓或痛苦而)倒抽气，喘气，喘息；2急促地喘气；猛地吸气catastrophen.1麻烦；困境；不利的局面；2灾难；大祸；严重的不幸tiden.潮；潮汐bleaka.1没有希望的；令人沮丧的；2阴冷的；阴郁的town.(车辆的)拖，拉vt.拖，拉，牵引(车辆或船只)intervenevi.干预；介入；插手v.打岔；插话appraisevt.评定；鉴定；估价symptomn.1症状；2（严重问题存在的）征兆，征underestimatev.(对...)估计不足；低估；看轻vt.轻视，小看(某人)midstn.当某事发生的时候paralyzevt.1（尤指通过恐吓)使丧失思考能力，使丧失正常行为能力，使呆若木鸡；2使瘫痪；使麻痹impromptua.未计划的；即兴的；即席的；无准备的ridgen.1脊；垄；棱纹；2山脊whirlv.(使)急转；(使)迅速旋转athletica.1强壮的；擅长运动的；2运动的dismayn.忧虑；失望；沮丧vt.使担心；使失望；使忧虑batterv.殴打；连续猛击；撞击viciousa.1凶险的；会造成伤害的；2剧烈的；恶劣的clarityn.1清晰度；2清晰；清楚；明确pawv. 用爪子抓(或挠)n. (动物的)爪子derailvt.使离开正常进程；扰乱v. (使) (火车）出轨perishvi.死亡(尤指惨死或猝死)forciblyad.1用强力；用武力；2 清楚有力地escortvt.1护送；护卫；2陪同(某人)游览；给(某人)当导游practicablea.可行的；能实行的brinkn.(某事物的)边缘(一般指即将面临坏情况)ascendv.上升；升高；登高salvationn.1（基督教中）对灵魂的拯救，救赎；2解救物；救星；救助者hugvt.拥抱wearya.1(尤指因长期做某事而)筋疲力尽的，非常疲劳的，厌烦的，厌倦的；2令人疲倦的停下pull to a stop停下sick to one's stomach想呕吐的black out晕厥；失去知觉pop up突然出现；冒出来stop short(在说话或做事时因吃惊或想到某事而)突然停下plow through sth.艰难费力地通过throw oneself into / at / on / down, etc.突然猛力地冲进/扑向/跳到/扑倒等make one's way行进(尤指艰难地，或需要很长时间时)let oneself go放松自己；放纵自己grab for / at sth.(迅速伸手)抓住单词1.Most cities in the country have introduced"Clean Air Zones"___whereby_____factories and h ouseholds are only allowed to burn smokeless fuel.2.He knows that the____pursuit_____of social status can consume vast amounts of his time and effort.3.The doctors are at a loss because so far no medicine has been found to____inhibit_____the s pread of the disease.4.We see many special education directors trying to___maintain_____the quality of their progr ams with much less money and much smaller staff.5.People there are told it is their___patriotic____duty to support the national economy by buyi ng their own products.6.Darwin's thinking both drew upon and_transcended_______the conventional ideas of his time.7.In spite of all your___endeavors_____,there may be times when you encounter difficulties in the training process.8.My advice to Mr.Stewart is to think carefully before entering into a career in medicine,as this i s a field which requires a lot of___dedication_____and long working hours.9.Most Chinese parents would prefer to choose some professions that are stable and could bring ___prestige_____and economic benefits.10.It is legally possible for an elderly person to___nominate_____someone to act for them,sho uld they become incapable of looking after themselves.十五选十Where there is a will,there is a way.This proverb means that if you are really determined to do s omething,however difficult it might be,you will1)___eventually_____find a way to do it well.T he2)___premier_____point is that you must have the will to achieve success.Ninety percent of the failures that occur are due to the fact that there is no strong will involved. Many people simply say that they want something,but they do not make any3)___endeavor_____to achieve it.So,instead of getting it,they use the poorest excuse to explain the s ituation away.On many occasions,people tend to4)___bypass_____every minute obstacle,making the objective impossible to attain.In reality,if they h ave the will to succeed,they can get rid of the5)____handicaps____and achieve their goals. Only those with a(n)6)___committed_____and focused will and spirit can fight their way to final victory.Many a famous man has the same experience.They have7)___attained______their pres tige because they have had the will to8)____apparently____apparently insuperable(无法克服的)obstacles.Many artists,statesmen,writers and inventors have managed to succeed because t hey possess a fierce will,which has helped them to accomplish major9)___feats_____. Therefore,we can see that the main thing which one needs is a strong will.Weak-willed people n ever climb to the top.They collapse at the10)____slightest____use of force against them.Stron g-willed people,on the other hand,will stand up against all odds and will make it a point to succe ed.短语1. When Francis got back after Easter, he was far behind his classmates and he was 1)___ removed from_____ the second into the third class at his own desire.2. The president acknowledged that he had somehow 2)___ failed in_____ his ability to communicate to the American people.3. Unfortunately, as history has shown, some of the companies are guilty of misconduct 3)___ in the pursuit of_____ profit.4. The ship 4)___ deviated from_____ the agreed voyage and arrived about 10 days late and in the meantime the price of sugar had fallen and the merchants lost over £4,000.5. Because the transcript is still under seal, the law 5)__ precludes______ them 6)___ from_____reading and discussing the evidence in detail.6. In carrying out the plan we are likely to come across difficulties, but we are determined to7)____ triumph over____ them all.7. Without increasing investment in education, it will be increasingly difficult for low-income people to 8)__ work their way into______ the middle class.8. All the passengers in the plane that crashed in the middle of the Andes Mountains a week ago were 9)___ written off_____ as dead.第二单元单词1. Kids are more likely to ___intervene_____ in a situation if they believe their parents expect them to help.2. The first lesson I learned as a newcomer for the company was never to ___underestimate_____ the degree of difficulty I would face in career advancement.3. Just as I started to think that I was never going to get well, the illness began to _recede_______.4. Whatever the decision is, I would like you to know that your department is my first choice and I ____deem____ it a great honor if I could study in your department.5. During one particularly ___bleak_____ moment in my career, a senior colleague of mine said to me, ''If you follow your dreams, the money will come. Follow the money, and you'll lose your dreams."6. Unless we can find a way to ___appraise_____ nature and then invest in protecting it, our basic life-support systems are going to collapse.7. The blizzard (暴风雪) moved south, turning into an icy rain that ___paralyze_____ the airports for three days.8. In this introduction we have diagnosed some of the causes of the illness and, in the following chapters, we will draw attention to its various unpleasant ___symptom_____.9. In those days, divorce under any circumstances was socially unacceptable and there was great __dismay______ in the family who went through it.10. Every time she talked about being rejected in her hunt for a job, she seemed on the ___brink_____ of tears, and I would quickly switch the conversation to another topic.十五选十Social anxiety symptoms often begin during adolescence. It's a developmental process that is 1)____ characterized ____ by profound psychological changes, especially in terms of how we relate to others. One of the most frustrating 2)____ aspect ____ of the adolescent years is the tendency for self-focus and a decrease in the 3)___ amount _____ of focus we have for the feelings and needs of others.While these changes are fairly universal, those of us who were born with a shy temperament (性格) can carry the adolescent fears, which may never 4)___ recede _____ , into adulthood. An anxious temperament causes our brains to react forcibly when 5)___ exposed _____ to the stress of sudden awareness of our peers and gradually we become more and more vulnerable. Our brains label the fear of exposure or embarrassment as highly dangerous. This may result in a(n) 6)___ vicious _____ circle for many years: excessive self-consciousness and inhibition when we feel we are being observed.To cope with the problem, I would like to 7)___ challenge _____ you to strive for increased focus on other people, in place of your 8)___ excessive _____ focus on yourself. Yes, I know, this is easier said than done. The fear may cause you to feel that you will lose control or make a fool of yourself when you are in the spotlight (聚光灯). But if you begin to build a new response, in 9)___ reaction _____ to your fears, you will gradually build up a stronger and more positive response. Remember, don't let self-consciousness 10)____ paralyze ____ you! Be courageous!短语1. When the bus ___ pulled to a stop _____ and I got off, I was relieved because I had finished school and I had the weekend ahead of me to enjoy myself.2. When my car crashed into the big tree, I could feel the blood draining from my face and I wondered whether I was about to _ black out _______.3. All kinds of questions concerning the soaring housing price begin to _ pop up _______ on cable television and the blogosphere (博客圈).4. The soldiers' rapid march was __ stopped short ______ by the general's command; they were uncertain whether to go back or forward.5. A car crashed into the side of a house after the driver lost control and __ plowed through ______ a hedge (树篱).6. Charles reappeared, after half an hour's absence, and ___ threw himself into _____ an armchair, where he lay back for some time with his eyes shut.7. No special equipment is needed other than inspiring, motivating music that you can dance passionately to and ___ let yourself go _____.8. As her door began to open, she ___ grabbed for _____ the telephone, and then dropped the receiver as Luke walked in.。
Unit 1 单元词汇 集中识记
单元词汇集中识记1．fiction n．小说；虚构的事2．science fiction科幻小说(或影片等)3．bonus n．意外收获；奖金；红利4．integrity n．诚实正直；完整；完好5．dignity n．庄重；庄严；尊严6．salary n．薪水；薪金7．nail n．指甲；趾甲；钉子v t.(用钉子)钉牢；固定8．saleswoman n．女售货员；女推销员9．suspend v t.悬；挂；暂停；暂缓10．dismiss v t.让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除11．weekly adj.每周的n.周刊12．chairwoman n．女主席；女董事长；女委员长13．gramme n．克(重量单位)14．flour n．面粉；(谷物磨成的)粉15．venue n．活动场地(如音乐厅、会场等)16．salesman n．售货员；推销员17．superior adj.更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的18．labour n．劳动(者)；体力劳动v i.奋斗；努力工作19．leather n．皮革；[pl.]皮衣；皮外套20．panel n．控制板；仪表盘；专家咨询组21．inch n．英寸(长度单位，等于2.54厘米) 22．backwards ad v.向后；倒着；往回23．niece n．侄女；外甥女24．fetch v t.(去)拿来；(去)请来25．handkerchief n．手帕；纸巾26．lamp n．灯；台灯27．pace n．速度；步伐；节奏v t.& v i.确定速度；调整节奏28．random adj.随机的；不可思议的29．maximum adj.最大极限的n．最大量；最大限度语境助记——精美原创欣赏背诵The chairwoman of the leather company is a person with integrity and dignity.She never suspends paying out salaries of each saleswoman and salesman.Neither will she dismiss her workers.In her spare time she makes maximum efforts to help her niece sell handkerchiefs and lamps on a weekly basis.She tries to keep pace with the times.1．appointment n．预约；约会；委任→appoint v t.任命；委派；指定；约定→appointed adj.指定的；约定的2．guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的→guilt n．内疚；有罪；罪行3．declare v t.表明；宣称；公布→declaration n．宣称；声明4．calculate v t.计算；核算；预测→calculator n．计算器→calculation n．计算5．division n．分开；分隔；差异；除(法)→divide v t.分开；分散；分配；分享6．urge n．强烈的欲望；冲动v t.催促；力劝；大力推荐→urgent adj.紧急的；迫切的7．explode v i.& v t.爆炸；爆破→explosion n．爆炸；(感情)爆发；激增8．mud n．泥；泥浆→muddy adj.泥泞的语境助记——精美靓句赏读感悟1．I couldn’t arrive at the appointed time and I am sorry for not keeping the appointment.2．I felt guilty about breaking my promise and a feeling of guilt washed across me.3．I urged him to deal with the urgent matter as soon as possible.4．I plan to divide the work among us and now we can discuss what the possible work division is. 5．There is so much mud on the muddy path that you will leave your footprint on it.1．test out检验；测试2．more like更像是；更接近3．on a...basis根据；以……的方式(基准)4．(be) superior to比……更好；更胜一筹5．take over占上风；取而代之；接管；接手6．conflict with与……冲突或抵触7．turn out关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是8．fall away(逐渐)减少；消失9．have an urge to do sth.有强烈的欲望做某事10．rise up上升；升起11．pros and cons事物的利与弊；支持与反对12．as a favour作为帮忙13．or rather更确切地说14．with wonder惊奇地15．fall off从……掉下来16．take sb.in one’s arms拥抱某人17．more than不仅仅是18．sit sb./oneself in a seat使……就座19．push...forwards/backwards向前/向后推20．look around四处看看短语块记——联想归纳分组积累第一组(take短语)take off起飞；匆匆离去；脱下；大获成功take on呈现；雇用；承担take in包括；吸收；理解；欺骗；收留take up占据；开始从事第二组(turn短语)turn up调高(音量等)；出现turn down调低(音量等)；拒绝turn in上交；交还，退还turn on打开(水、煤气、电灯等)turn off关闭(水、煤气、电灯等)turn to求助于；致力于；翻到(书的某页)；查阅；转向第三组(fall短语)fall over倒下，摔倒；被……绊倒fall off从……摔下(其后直接接宾语)fall behind落后；跟不上。
Unit1 Section A 核心词汇学习
Unit1 Section A 核心词汇学习1. textbook /ˈtekstbʊk/n.教科书，课本a biology textbook 生物学教科书2. conversation /ˌkɒnvəˈseɪʃn/ n.交谈；谈话例：She had a long conversation with her friend on the phone.她和朋友打说了很长时间。
3. aloud /əˈlaʊd/adv.大声地；出声地例：The teacher asked me to read my composition aloud. 老师让我大声地朗读我的作文。
4. pronunciation /prəˌnʌnsiˈeɪʃn/n.发音；读音例：I could not understand his pronunciation. 我听不懂他的发音。
【拓展】pronounce 发出……的声音；发音。
例：How do you pronounce clerk 你怎么念clerk这个词5. patient /'peɪʃnt /adj. 有耐心的n.病人例：He is patient enough to wait so long. 他足够有耐心等了这么久。
The patient is getting better. 那个病人正在逐渐好转。
patient的用法：be patient with sb. 容忍某人，对某人有耐心be patient of sth 容忍某事6. expression / ɪk'spreʃn /n.表情；表示；表达方式例：an expression of surprise 惊讶的神情7. discover /dɪ'skʌvə(r)/ v.发现；发觉例：Who discovered Australia 是谁发现的澳洲词语辨析：discover, invent(1) discover意为“发现”，discover的对象是一直存在的，未被人们认识或发现的东西。
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第一章核心词汇______________ _________________ ________________ V放弃；抛弃；离弃______________ _________________ ________________ V坚持；遵守；履行______________ _________________ ________________ v废除；取消______________ _________________ ________________ N没有；缺乏；缺席______________ _________________ ________________ A绝对的；完全的；专制的；确实的；确定的______________ _________________ ________________ V吸收；吸引...的注意；使全神贯注______________ _________________ ________________ A抽象的；深奥的；N摘要；抽象V摘要；提取；抽取______________ _________________ ________________ A愚蠢的；荒唐的______________ _________________ ________________ V滥用；谩骂；N滥用；谩骂毁谤______________ _________________ ________________ V加速；促进______________ _________________ ________________ N接进；进口；入口；通路；进入的方法______________ _________________ ________________ V留宿；收容；供应；供给；容纳______________ _________________ ________________ N居住设施______________ _________________ ________________ V完成；实现______________ _________________ ________________ V积累；积蓄；堆积______________ _________________ ________________ V控告；谴责______________ _________________ ________________ V使认识；使了解______________ _________________ ________________ V适合；改编；改写______________ _________________ ________________ A足够的；充分的；符合要求的______________ _________________ ________________ V黏附；遵守；坚持______________ _________________ ________________ V调节；校正；（使）适应______________ _________________ ________________ N管理；经营；行政部门；政府______________ _________________ ________________ V采用；采纳；收养______________ _________________ ________________ N顾问（=advisor)______________ _________________ ________________ N爱；慈爱______________ _________________ ________________ N苦恼；极大痛苦______________ _________________ ________________ V辅助；援助；救助N辅助援助；救助______________ _________________ ________________ A警惕的；机灵的N警报；警戒状态；警戒期间V使警觉______________ _________________ ________________ V改变；变样______________ _________________ ________________ A交替的；预备的V交替；轮流______________ _________________ ________________ A模棱两可得______________ _________________ ________________ N雄心；野心______________ _________________ ________________ N数量V合计；共计______________ _________________ ________________ A充分的；富裕的；宽敞的；宽大的______________ _________________ ________________ V逗乐；逗笑；给...以娱乐______________ _________________ ________________ V分析；分解；解析（=analyse) ______________ _________________ ________________ N角；角度；观点______________ _________________ ________________ A每年的；年度的；N年报；年刊______________ _________________ ________________ N挂念；焦虑；渴望______________ _________________ ________________ N道歉；认错______________ _________________ ________________ A明显的；显而易见的；表面的；貌似的______________ _________________ ________________ V呼吁；请求；上诉；申诉；求助于N呼吁；请求；上诉______________ _________________ ________________ N食欲；胃口；欲望；爱好______________ _________________ ________________ V喝彩；鼓掌；称赞______________ _________________ ________________ V申请；应用；实施；运用；使用______________ _________________ ________________ V任命；委任；约定（时间，地点）______________ _________________ ________________ V感谢；感激；正确评价；欣赏；赏识______________ _________________ ________________ V靠近；接近；临近；着手处理；对付N方法，途径；探讨______________ _________________ ________________ N赞同；同意；认可；批准______________ _________________ ________________ V赞成；批准；通过______________ _________________ ________________ A恰当的；适当的；易于...的；有...倾向的______________ _________________ ________________ N建筑物；设计师______________ _________________ ________________ N建筑；建筑学______________ _________________ ________________ V唤醒；激起______________ _________________ ________________ A人工的；人造的；矫揉造作的______________ _________________ ________________ N样子；外表；面貌；方面______________ _________________ ________________ V集合；集会；装配；组装______________ _________________ ________________ N集会；会议；装配______________ _________________ ________________ V断言；宣称；维护______________ _________________ ________________ N分配；任务；课外作业______________ _________________ ________________ V使联系；交往；结合N合作；伙伴；同事______________ _________________ ________________ V假装；假定；设想；采取；承担______________ _________________ ________________ V使确信；使放心；保证；担保______________ _________________ ________________ N大气；空气；气氛；环境______________ _________________ ________________ V缚上；系上；贴上______________ _________________ ________________ A注意的；留神的______________ _________________ ________________ N律师；代理人______________ _________________ ________________ N权利；权威；权威者；（pl）当局______________ _________________ ________________ A可用的；可得到的；可以见到的；随时可来的______________ _________________ ________________ V避免；回避；躲开______________ _________________ ________________ A笨拙；不灵活的；棘手的；尴尬的______________ _________________ ________________ AD向后地；相反地A向后的，相反的______________ _________________ ________________ N平衡；余额V使平衡；使均衡______________ _________________ ________________ A破产的V使破产N破产者______________ _________________ ________________ AD赤裸裸地；无遮蔽地；仅仅；勉强______________ _________________ ________________ N基础；根据；主干______________ _________________ ________________ AD提前地；超前地A预先准备好的；提前的______________ _________________ ________________ N利益；支持______________ _________________ ________________ V举止；表现；运转______________ _________________ ________________ N行为；举止（=behavior）______________ _________________ ________________ PREP在...下边；在...之下AD在下方；低于______________ _________________ ________________ N利益；好处；恩惠V有益于；受益______________ _________________ ________________ A弯曲的；下决心的；N嗜好；倾向______________ _________________ ________________ V祝愿；命令；吩咐；报价；投标N出价；投标______________ _________________ ________________ V捆；绑；包扎；束缚；约束；凝固______________ _________________ ________________ V流血；榨取；渗出______________ _________________ ________________ N（果树上开花的）花朵；开花期______________ _________________ ________________ V脸红；羞愧N脸红；羞愧______________ _________________ ________________ V自夸；夸耀N自夸的话；大话；夸耀的事______________ _________________ ________________ A大胆的；勇敢的；冒失的；黑体的；清晰地______________ _________________ ________________ N边界；国界；边沿V交界；接壤______________ _________________ ________________ V跳跃；限制N跳跃；界限A被束缚的；密切关联的______________ _________________ ________________ V使繁殖；产生；引起；抚养；饲养N品种；种类______________ _________________ ________________ A简洁的；短暂的V简短介绍；简要汇报______________ _________________ ________________ A光辉的；灿烂的；卓越的；才华横溢的______________ _________________ ________________ N预算V做预算；安排______________ _________________ ________________ N一簇；一束；一捆；一串______________ _________________ ________________ N担子；负担；装数量V使负担；给予麻烦______________ _________________ ________________ V计算；推算；核算；计划；打算______________ _________________ ________________ N战役；运动______________ _________________ ________________ 取消；作废；删去______________ _________________ ________________ N候选人；候补者；报考者；申请者______________ _________________ ________________ A能干的；有能力的______________ _________________ ________________ V容量；容积；才能；能力；身份；职位______________ _________________ ________________ N捕获；俘获V夺得；占领；捕获；俘虏______________ _________________ ________________ V投；掷；抛；铸造；计算；N演员表；一掷；模型；性格______________ _________________ ________________ A偶然的；碰巧的；临时的；非正式的；不拘礼的；随便的______________ _________________ ________________ N伤亡人员；受害者；重大伤亡事故______________ _________________ ________________ N小心；谨慎；警告；告诫V警告______________ _________________ ________________ V停止；中止N停止；中止______________ _________________ ________________ N挑战者；艰巨任务；V挑战；要求比试______________ _________________ ________________ N混乱；无序；混沌______________ _________________ ________________ N性格；人物______________ _________________ ________________ A特有的；独特的N特性；特征______________ _________________ ________________ N吸引力；魅力；美貌；风韵V迷人；使陶醉______________ _________________ ________________ V欺骗；作弊N骗子；欺骗行为______________ _________________ ________________ V珍爱；怀有______________ _________________ ________________ N合唱队；合唱V一口同声地说；随声附和______________ _________________ ________________ N情况；形势；环境；经济情况；境遇______________ _________________ ________________ A公民的；市民的：国内的；民间的；有礼貌的______________ _________________ ________________ V使文明；开化；开导（=civilise）______________ _________________ ________________ V要求；声称；主张N主张；断言；索赔要求；所有权______________ _________________ ________________ N经典作品；名著A一流的；不朽的；古典的______________ _________________ ________________ A古典的______________ _________________ ________________ V分类；分等级______________ _________________ ________________ N顶点；高潮______________ _________________ ________________ N线索；提示______________ _________________ ________________ A黏附的；连贯的______________ _________________ ________________ V和...一致；相符；相同______________ _________________ ________________ V协作；合作______________ _________________ ________________ V倒坍；崩溃；垮台N倒坍；崩溃；垮台______________ _________________ ________________ N碰撞；冲突______________ _________________ ________________ V战斗；反对；N战斗；反对______________ _________________ ________________ N结合；联合；合并；化合物______________ _________________ ________________ V结合；联合；化合______________ _________________ ________________ N命令；指令；统帅；指挥权V命令；指挥______________ _________________ ________________ N商业；贸易______________ _________________ ________________ N委员会；委任；委托；代办权；代理权；佣金______________ _________________ ________________ V把...交托给；犯错误；承诺______________ _________________ ________________ N商品；物品______________ _________________ ________________ V乘车或船等往返于两地；定期往返于两地间______________ _________________ ________________ A比得上的；相似的______________ _________________ ________________ A比较的；相当的N匹敌物；比较级______________ _________________ ________________ V强迫；迫使______________ _________________ ________________ V补偿；赔偿______________ _________________ ________________ N补偿；赔偿______________ _________________ ________________ A复杂的；合成的；综合的N复杂；联合体______________ _________________ ________________ V变复杂______________ _________________ ________________ N问候；致意；称赞；恭维V称赞；恭维______________ _________________ ________________ V遵照；应允______________ _________________ ________________ N组成部分；成分；组件A组成的；合成的______________ _________________ ________________ V组成；构成；创作（作曲，诗歌等）______________ _________________ ________________ V压缩；浓缩______________ _________________ ________________ V包含；构成______________ _________________ ________________ V妥协；折中N妥协；折中______________ _________________ ________________ V隐藏；隐瞒；隐蔽______________ _________________ ________________ N概念；观念；思想______________ _________________ ________________ V涉及；关系到；担心；关切N关心；挂念______________ _________________ ________________ A简明的；简洁的______________ _________________ ________________ V谴责；指责；判刑；宣告有罪______________ _________________ ________________ V承认；坦白；忏悔______________ _________________ ________________ A确信的______________ _________________ ________________ A秘密的；亲信的______________ _________________ ________________ V限制；局限于；管制；禁闭______________ _________________ ________________ V使更坚固；使更坚定；证实；确认；批准______________ _________________ ________________ N斗争；冲突；分歧V抵触；冲突______________ _________________ ________________ V遵守；依照；顺应______________ _________________ ________________ V面临；遭遇；面对______________ _________________ ________________ V同意；赞成N同意；赞成______________ _________________ ________________ N结果；影响；重要性______________ _________________ ________________ N保存；保护；守恒______________ _________________ ________________ A保守的；守旧的N保守主义者______________ _________________ ________________ A相当可观的；值得考虑的______________ _________________ ________________ A考虑周到的；体谅的______________ _________________ ________________ N考虑；思考；体谅；照顾______________ _________________ ________________ A前后一致的；始终如一的______________ _________________ ________________ V巩固；加强；统一；合并______________ _________________ ________________ V建设；建造；构造；创立；编写______________ _________________ ________________ V商量；请教；查阅______________ _________________ ________________ V消费；毁灭______________ _________________ ________________ A现代的；当代的；同时代的______________ _________________ ________________ N竞争；竞赛；比赛V竞争；竞赛；比赛______________ _________________ ________________ N上下文；语境；环境；背景______________ _________________ ________________ A不断的；连续的；频繁的______________ _________________ ________________ A连续的；持续的______________ _________________ ________________ A相反的；矛盾的；对抗的N反对；矛盾；相反______________ _________________ ________________ N对比；对照；差异V使对照；使对比______________ _________________ ________________ V贡献；捐助；投稿______________ _________________ ________________ A争论的；爱争论的；引起争论的______________ _________________ ________________ N大会；惯例；习俗；公约；协定______________ _________________ ________________ V判罪；N囚犯；罪犯______________ _________________ ________________ N确信；定罪______________ _________________ ________________ V整理；使协调；N坐标A同等的；并列的______________ _________________ ________________ V贿赂；购买A腐化的；贪污的______________ _________________ ________________ A昂贵的；豪华的______________ _________________ ________________ N工艺；手艺；技巧______________ _________________ ________________ N罪行；犯罪______________ _________________ ________________ N标准；准则（pl.criteria）______________ _________________ ________________ A至关重要的；决定性的______________ _________________ ________________ A天然的；未加工的；生的；粗野的______________ _________________ ________________ N暗示；信号；榜样______________ _________________ ________________ V耕作；栽培；养殖；培养；教养______________ _________________ ________________ V诅骂；咒骂；N诅骂；咒骂______________ _________________ ________________ A致命的；极度的______________ _________________ ________________ V争论；讨论N争论；讨论______________ _________________ ________________ V腐烂；衰减；N腐烂；衰减______________ _________________ ________________ N欺骗；行骗______________ _________________ ________________ V欺骗；蒙蔽；诓骗______________ _________________ ________________ N谢绝；下降；衰落；斜面；倾斜V下降；衰落；倾斜；拒绝______________ _________________ ________________ V装饰；装潢；布置______________ _________________ ________________ V奉献；专注于______________ _________________ ________________ N缺点；缺陷______________ _________________ ________________ N亏损；赤字；逆差______________ _________________ ________________ A明确的______________ _________________ ________________ V论证；证实；演示；说明；示威______________ _________________ ________________ N密集；密度；浓度______________ _________________ ________________ V否认；否定；背弃；摒弃______________ _________________ ________________ V下来；下降；遗传；突击______________ _________________ ________________ V应受；应得；值得______________ _________________ ________________ A称心的；期望的；可取的______________ _________________ ________________ A绝望的；不顾一切的；铤而走险的______________ _________________ ________________ PREP不管；不顾；尽管N憎恨；轻蔑______________ _________________ ________________ N命运；天数______________ _________________ ________________ N破坏；消灭______________ _________________ ________________ V分开；拆开；卸下______________ _________________ ________________ V设计；发现；计划______________ _________________ ________________ N庄严；端庄；尊贵；高贵______________ _________________ ________________ N纪律；训练V训练；训导______________ _________________ ________________ V假装；伪装N伪装物______________ _________________ ________________ N厌恶；恶心V使厌倦；使作呕______________ _________________ ________________ N惊恐；失望；沮丧V惊恐；使惊愕；使失望______________ _________________ ________________ V免职；解雇；开除；不考虑______________ _________________ ________________ N混乱；骚乱；疾病______________ _________________ ________________ V陈列；展览；显示N陈列；展览；显示______________ _________________ ________________ V争论；争执N争论；争执______________ _________________ ________________ A清楚的；明显的；截然不同的；独特的______________ _________________ ________________ N差别，区分；卓著；杰出；荣誉称号______________ _________________ ________________ V区别；辨别；辨认出；使杰出______________ _________________ ________________ N困恼；危难；不幸；贫困V使苦恼；使痛苦______________ _________________ ________________ A多种的；不同的______________ _________________ ________________ A家庭的；本国的；国内的；驯养的______________ _________________ ________________ A戏剧的；戏剧性的；激动人心的______________ _________________ ________________ V恐惧；担心；害怕N恐惧；担心；害怕______________ _________________ ________________ A可怕的；惊骇的；糟透的；可恶的______________ _________________ ________________ V居住；详细讲述______________ _________________ ________________ A热心的；诚挚的N认真；诚挚______________ _________________ ________________ V减轻；使舒适；N容易；舒适；悠闲______________ _________________ ________________ A经济的；经济学的；实用的______________ _________________ ________________ A节约的；经济的______________ _________________ ________________ N经济学______________ _________________ ________________ N经济；节约；节省______________ _________________ ________________ N社会A编辑的；编者的______________ _________________ ________________ A优美的；文雅的；简练的；简洁的______________ _________________ ________________ N元素；成分______________ _________________ ________________ V阻碍；妨碍；使困惑；使窘迫______________ _________________ ________________ V拥抱；包含；接受N拥抱；包括______________ _________________ ________________ V出现；露出；形成______________ _________________ ________________ N紧急情况；突然事件______________ _________________ ________________ N情绪；情感______________ _________________ ________________ V遇到；遭遇N遇到；遭遇______________ _________________ ________________ N努力V试图______________ _________________ ________________ V忍受；持久；持续______________ _________________ ________________ A有力的；精力充沛的______________ _________________ ________________ V启发；启蒙；教导______________ _________________ ________________ A巨大的；庞大的______________ _________________ ________________ V确保；保证；保护______________ _________________ ________________ A热情的；热心的______________ _________________ ________________ A相等的；相当的；等价的N相等物；等价物______________ _________________ ________________ V树立；建立；使竖立A直立的；垂直的；竖直的______________ _________________ ________________ N错误；过失；罪过；违法行为；邪恶______________ _________________ ________________ A必要的；必不可少的；本质的；精华的______________ _________________ ________________ A永恒的，不朽的；无穷的；无限的______________ _________________ ________________ A明显的；明白的______________ _________________ ________________ A专有的；独占的；除外的；排他的______________ _________________ ________________ N总经理；董事；行政部门A执行的；实施的______________ _________________ ________________ V使精疲力尽；耗尽；抽完；吸干N排气装置；排气；排出______________ _________________ ________________ N预期；期望；指望______________ _________________ ________________ N远征；探险；考察；远征队；探险队______________ _________________ ________________ N花费；消耗；消费______________ _________________ ________________ N爆炸；爆发；扩张；激增______________ _________________ ________________ A爆炸的；爆发的N爆炸物；炸药______________ _________________ ________________ V使暴露；使曝光；揭露______________ _________________ ________________ V延长；延伸______________ _________________ ________________ A广大的；广阔的；广博的；广泛的______________ _________________ ________________ N广度；宽度；长度；程度；限度；范围______________ _________________ ________________ A末端的；尽头的；极度的；最大的；N极端；最大程度______________ _________________ ________________ V褐色；衰减；枯萎；消失______________ _________________ ________________ A守信的；忠实的；可靠的______________ _________________ ________________ N幻想；喜爱；迷恋V想像；爱好A花样的；昂贵的______________ _________________ ________________ V迷住；强烈吸引；使入迷______________ _________________ ________________ N时装；时髦；流行；风尚______________ _________________ ________________ N流行的；时髦的______________ _________________ ________________ A致命的；毁灭性的；命运的______________ _________________ ________________ A有缺点的；有错误的；不完善的______________ _________________ ________________ N财政；金融；资金V提供资金______________ _________________ ________________ A财政的；金融的______________ _________________ ________________ A有限制的；限定的______________ _________________ ________________ A柔韧的，易弯曲的；灵活的______________ _________________ ________________ V繁荣；兴旺；旺盛；茂盛______________ _________________ ________________ N基础；建立；创立；地基；基金会______________ _________________ ________________ N频率；周率；屡次；时常______________ _________________ ________________ V皱眉______________ _________________ ________________ N功能；职责；仪式V起作用；运行______________ _________________ ________________ A基础的；基本的；N基本原则；原理______________ _________________ ________________ A慷慨的；大度的；丰富的______________ _________________ ________________ N天才______________ _________________ ________________ A真正的；名副其实的______________ _________________ ________________ A阴沉的；黑暗的；朦胧的；无望的______________ _________________ ________________ V强夺；抓取；N强夺______________ _________________ ________________ A优美的；文雅的______________ _________________ ________________ A亲切的；殷勤的；宽厚的；仁慈的______________ _________________ ________________ A逐渐的；逐步的______________ _________________ ________________ V同意；准予；授予N拨款______________ _________________ ________________ A有罪的；犯罪的；内疚的______________ _________________ ________________ V妨碍；使不利N缺陷；障碍；不利条件______________ _________________ ________________ N匆忙；急速______________ _________________ ________________ N一堆；大量；许多V堆；堆起______________ _________________ ________________ V暗示；示意；N暗示；示意______________ _________________ ________________ A空的；中空的；空洞的；空虚的______________ _________________ ________________ A神圣的；圣洁的______________ _________________ ________________ A敌方的；敌意的；敌对的______________ _________________ ________________ A低级的；卑下；谦逊的V降低；贬低______________ _________________ ________________ V识别；鉴别；同情；理解______________ _________________ ________________ A无知的；愚昧；不知道的______________ _________________ ________________ N说明；例证；图解；插图______________ _________________ ________________ A广大的；巨大的______________ _________________ ________________ V使沉浸；使沉没______________ _________________ ________________ N冲击；碰撞；效果；影响______________ _________________ ________________ A公正的；无偏见的______________ _________________ ________________ n工具；器具V贯彻；实现______________ _________________ ________________ V意指；暗示______________ _________________ ________________ V倾斜；倾向于______________ _________________ ________________ A难以置信的；不可思议的______________ _________________ ________________ A不可避免的；必然发生的______________ _________________ ________________ A无限的；无穷的；极大的______________ _________________ ________________ N居民；住户______________ _________________ ________________ A固有的；内在的；天生的______________ _________________ ________________ A最初的；开头的；词首的N词首大写字母______________ _________________ ________________ A清白的；无罪的；天真的；无知的______________ _________________ ________________ V检查；调查；视察______________ _________________ ________________ V鼓舞；激起；使产生灵感；吸入______________ _________________ ________________ N本能；直觉；天性______________ _________________ ________________ N智力；理解力______________ _________________ ________________ V想要；打算；企图______________ _________________ ________________ N意图；意向；目的______________ _________________ ________________ V干涉；妨碍；冲突______________ _________________ ________________ A内部的；里面的；N内部内地；里面______________ _________________ ________________ N间隔；间歇；幕间或工作间的休息______________ _________________ ________________ V使卷入；使陷入；包含；包围；涉及______________ _________________ ________________ V发行；发表；宣布；供给N争论的问题；担忧；发行__________ _________________ ________________ A妒忌的；猜疑的；警惕的______________ _________________ ________________ V证明是正当的；认为有理______________ _________________ ________________ A敏锐的；敏捷的；渴望的______________ _________________ ________________ PRON后者；A后面的；末了的______________ _________________ ________________ V跳；跳跃N跳；跳跃______________ _________________ ________________ CONJ唯恐；免得______________ _________________ ________________ V减轻；使轻松愉快；使照亮______________ _________________ ________________ AD同样地；照样地；又；也；而且______________ _________________ ________________ N贷款；借出V贷款；借出______________ _________________ ________________ N奢侈；奢华______________ _________________ ________________ A壮丽的；宏伟的；辉煌的______________ _________________ ________________ V维修；保养；维持；坚持；主张______________ _________________ ________________ A手的；手工做的；N手册；指南______________ _________________ ________________ N大规模的；大量的______________ _________________ ________________ N方法；手段；途径______________ _________________ ________________ N技工；机械工人______________ _________________ ________________ N （pl.media）媒介物；介质传导体A中等的；适中的______________ _________________ ________________ A记忆的；纪念的N纪念物；纪念馆______________ _________________ ________________ N仁慈；怜悯；幸运______________ _________________ ________________ N优点；价值；功绩V值得；应得______________ _________________ ________________ N凌乱状态；混乱局面V弄脏；弄乱；搞糟______________ _________________ ________________ PREP减去；去掉A负的；减的______________ _________________ ________________ N损害；危害；恶作剧；捣蛋______________ _________________ ________________ N不幸；灾祸；灾难______________ _________________ ________________ N使命；代表团______________ _________________ ________________ N垄断；专利______________ _________________ ________________ N心情；情绪；语气______________ _________________ ________________ A道德的；道义的；N寓意；教育意义______________ _________________ ________________ A致命的；终有一死的______________ _________________ ________________ N运动；移动V示意；打手势______________ _________________ ________________ N动机；目的；A发动的；运动的______________ _________________ ________________ V乘；倍增；增加______________ _________________ ________________ A相互的；彼此的______________ _________________ ________________ A裸体的；无遮蔽的______________ _________________ ________________ V忽视；疏忽N忽视；疏忽______________ _________________ ________________ A中立的；中性的；淡素的；素净的______________ _________________ ________________ V通知；告知；报告______________ _________________ ________________ N概念；想法；观点______________ _________________ ________________ A众多的；大批的______________ _________________ ________________ N义务；责任______________ _________________ ________________ V迫使；责成______________ _________________ ________________ N场合；时刻；时机；机会______________ _________________ ________________ N占据；占用；职业；工作______________ _________________ ________________ V占据；占领；使忙碌；是从事______________ _________________ ________________ A奇数的；单个的；带零头的；奇怪的______________ _________________ ________________ V反对；反抗______________ _________________ ________________ N起源；出身______________ _________________ ________________ V偶然听到；从旁听到______________ _________________ ________________ V俯瞰；眺望；漏看；忽略______________ _________________ ________________ A欠的；未付的______________ _________________ ________________ N步；步伐V踱步______________ _________________ ________________ N强烈情感；爱好；激情______________ _________________ ________________ A古怪的；异常的；特殊的；特有的______________ _________________ ________________ N养老金；年金______________ _________________ ________________ A永久的；持久的______________ _________________ ________________ V恳求；辩护______________ _________________ ________________ A富裕的；丰富的______________ _________________ ________________ N投票数；民意测验V投票______________ _________________ ________________ V占有；拥有______________ _________________ ________________ A精确的；准确的______________ _________________ ________________ N出席；到场；存在______________ _________________ ________________ A第一的；最早的；基本的______________ _________________ ________________ A最重要的；主要的N负责人；资本______________ _________________ ________________ N优先；优先权______________ _________________ ________________ N特权；优惠；特许V给予优惠______________ _________________ ________________ V宣布；声明______________ _________________ ________________ A敏捷的；即刻的V激起；促进；推动______________ _________________ ________________ N比例；部分。