小升初阅读理解讲义教师版第十二讲

小升初考点梳理阅读理解内一、如何破解阅读理解；二、常见题型及应对办法；三、如何提高阅读理解的能力。

On a cloudy afternoon last September ,Rubio watched Texas National Guard soldiers help passengers off planes at a small airport near College Station. All of them were running away from Hurricane Ike. they had something else in common as well. Each passenger wore a bright yellow Wristband, RFID, developed by Rubio’s company. The Wristband had a computer chip ,which allowed the state’s emergency response center to follow the person. who wore it.“The wristband really made a difference,” says Rubio ,adding that thousands of families who called the state’s emergency response center during the hurricane were able to find loved ones.The wristbands also made a lot of money for Rubio’s company.That’s a goal Rubio could not have imagined even a few years ago, as a 36-year-old stay-at –home mum with three kids under ten and a husband who traveled for work five days a week“All I wanted was to have my family back together,” she says.Rubio considered doing something different after the birth of her third child and returned to work .A friend 内容导航考点透视suggested the technology of RFID. It wasn’t new but was mainly used to find packages.Rubio began imagining wider use of RFID,and in 2005 the wristband appeared at a business conference and did a good job.in the wake of Hurricane Katrins,the company further used the technology,and later during Ike about 27,000 people were successfully saved.“I’m a mum with three kids or a woman in a technology field.i’ve succeeded and got confidence .”Rubio also achieved something else.she finally has the family life she always wanted.1 People wore wristbands during Hurricane Ike in order to____A protect them from being hurtB be allowed to get on the planesC lead their way to a safe placeD be found easily by other people解析；从第一段最后一句能the wristbands有个芯片，它能使得急救中心来follow the person who wore it也就是能容易得找到，所以选D。

2 Rubio decided to return to work because__________A she wanted to make moneyB she liked the new technologyC she needed a change in lifeD she was used to hard work解析：从第四段第一句话Rubio想考虑做一些不同的事情在她有了第三个孩子之后，所以return to work,那麽做一些不同的事就是为了在生活上需要一些改变，答案所以选C。

3 How did the wristband work according to the passage?A V ery wellB All rightC Not wellD V ery badly解析：从文章第五段第一句话the wristband appeared at a business conference and did a good job可以看出非常好所以选择A答案。

4 what does Rubio think is the most important ?A Usual businessB Family lifeC Great successD Social position解析：从文章最后一段的最后一句she finally has the family life she always wanted 能得出来家庭对她来说最重要，所以答案选择B。

教案内容 教学过程设计 Step1考点知识梳理清单一、阅读命题特点“阅读理解”题的题量大、分值高，是考查学生综合运用语言能力的重点题型，选材特点：题材多样化，随着信息时代的到来，阅读内容更趋于信息化、时代化，突破了单一的故事、寓言等题材，内容涉及新闻、广告、科普、医疗、教育等，文章的体裁从记叙扩大到产品说明、逻辑推理及实际应用等文体。

阅读要求：记叙文阅读主要抓住时间(When)、地点(Where)、人物(who)、事件(what)、和起因(Why)、发展和结果，以及人物之间的关系、表现，从中分析他们思想品质、性格特征等；议论文是阐明作者对人或事的好坏的立场观点，因此在阅读时必须正确把握文章的论点和论据，理清论证思路，再进行逻辑推理得出结论；应用文是最贴近日常生活的文体，它包括通知、广告、便条、申请书、个人简历，形式多样，题材各异，如图示、表格、地址、网址等，对这类文体的阅读应简明扼要地抓住所需信息，理解文章内容。

清单二、常见题型一、主旨大意题 阅读理解是对整个文章的目的、意图、观点、立场、态度以及内在的逻辑关系的理解，而不是断章取义的一孔之见，所以统览全篇和问题是很有必要的，这些问题会给你提供信息或暗示文章中的一些重要细节。

在统览全篇的同时要注意抓住文章的中心大意，捕捉主题句，因为一些显性的答案是可以从主题句中直接回答，而隐性的答案则是要通过对全篇的理解才能得出。

主题句一般具有以下特征：1、概括全段思想。

2、一般位于段首、段尾或位于段中，它通常是用单词、短语表达的。

当然，有些一、准备部分 本讲义说明： 本章节是小升初的重点。

阅读理解是综合语言运用能力的一个重要方面，在小升初考试中所占比重越来越大，这是拉开档次的题目。

通过文章的表面文字信息，要求学生进行分析、综合和归纳，主要考察的认知水平层次是理解、应用和分析。

命题趋势： 不仅要理解一般性的何时、何地、何人、何事等方面的要点，而且要从深层挖掘，理解弦外之音，话外之意，要理解作者的意图以及文章对读者、社会产生的诸多影响；要求学生能迅速理解文章主旨大意，段落细节，并能准确选出正确答案。

综合解读面意思。

3、解这种题目时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，比如涉及文章的标题(title)、主题(main idea)、结论(conclusion)、结局(end)等有关问题，都需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识、科学专业知识进行逻辑思维、推理、判断，从而获取文章中内隐的信息。

主旨题常见的命题形式：(1) The main idea of this text may be…….(2) This passage is mainly about…….(3) The author's purpose in writing this text…….(4) Which of the following is the best title for the passage?(5) What’s the topic of the text?(6) The passage gives us is…...典型例题：如：The second paragraph mainly tells us that ____.A. Japanese are always healthier than AmericansB. living in the US is not good for people’s healthC. if you eat too much fat you will have cancerD. the way we eat may cause some health problems答案为D。

作者表明饮食方式造成人们的健康问题，提出了主题句，此外，为阐明主题思想，在主题之后以日本为例进一步解释说明此问题。

这一类的段落包括三个层次，即：引题—主题—解释。

如果学生把握了这类题型的特点就很容易得出结论。

能力解读：1、准确获取信息的能力；2、快速阅读文章及获取特定信息的能力；3、略读文章领会主旨和大意的能力；4、领会文章隐含或引申意义的能力。

二、实际课堂1、寒暄。

正式上课前和学生沟通一下最近的学习情况和考试情况（多学科）及最近生活状态等关心学生的问题。

1-3m2、复习和检查。

把上次课教案拿出来，让学生看2-4m教案并同时检查作业是否完成。

第四题：The greatest help the passage gives us is ____.A. to introduce a food guide to the worldB. to provide us with knowledge of six food groupsC. to suggest a way of eating for a healthy lifeD. to find the main cause of some serious diseases答案为C。