30_159_Economic_Recession_II

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新教材2024年高中英语本册综合学业质量检测新人教版选择性必修第三册

本册综合学业质量检测选择题部分第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1．Who is the woman raising money for？ __A__A．The old. B．The poor. C．The homeless.2．What does the man’s house have？ __B__A．A pool. B．A garden. C．A garage.3．When should the speakers start to work？ __C__A．At 2:30．B．At 2:00．C．At 1:30．4．Where does the conversation probably take place？ __B__A．In an office. B．At home. C．At the airport.5．What does the woman think of her own job？ __B__A．It’s boring.B．It’s unsatisfying.C．It’s exciting.其次节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6和第7两个小题。

6．What kind of concert will the speakers attend？ __A__A．Jazz. B．Rock. C．Classical.7．Which is right about the concert this Saturday？ __C__A．It is through the night. B．It is held indoors.C．It is free of charge.听第7段材料，回答第8至第10三个小题。

商务英语阅读(第二版)-王关富-Unit-6-Goodbye--Free-Trade-课后答案

Unit 6Goodbye, Free Trade?Exercises1.Answer the questions on the text.1) What was the result when the House of Representatives passed theHawley-Smoot Tariff Act in 1930?The economic recession in the United States became even worse.2) According to the author, what happens when a currency appreciates?It diminishes the export advantage of the country and makes it difficult to increase exports or even maintain the status quo.3) How did American politicians take advantage of the public’s stronganti-free-trade sentiment in the United States?They created a talking point in charges of unfair trade so that they thought they could benefit in the mid-term elections.4) What did American politicians and economists agree and disagree over theHawley-Smoot Tariff Act?Almost all of them agreed that it was a bad law, but they disagreed whether it triggered the Great Depression in the 1930s.5) What did Milton Friedman think were the more important reasons for theGreat Depression?The malfunctioning gold standard system and inept monetary policy of the Federal Reserve.6) What was the foreign reaction unexpected by the American lawmakers afterthe Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act was enacted?The trading partners were angered and imposed discriminatory tariffs on American goods. Canada in particular, as the largest export market for the US, reacted fiercely and handed its market over to the British competitors.7) Why is it unlikely for the US to adopt another Smoot-Hawley today in the eyeof the author?(1)The US is much more integrated into the world economy today than it was inthe 1930s.(2)Import restrictions seldom achieve their intended goals, instead, often end uphurting American industries and consumers.(3)The Americans have learned to consider the possible strong foreignretaliation against US exporters.8) What were the respective results for those countries withdrawing from thegold standard and those clinging to it during the 1930s according to the author?Those countries going off the gold standard allowed their currencies to depreciate, avoided protectionist trade policies and, instead, used monetary policy to end price deflation and stimulate economic growth.Those countries choosing to stay on pursued protectionist trade policies by imposing high tariffs, import quotas and exchange controls, which did little in boosting their economic growth. Thus they suffered a longer economic depression.9) How does the author justify his support for the policy of "quantitativeeasing"?(1) Historically, the most important tool for resisting protectionist sentiment in the1930s was a monetary policy that would promote economic growth.Today the US is in a similar situation. Taking right monetary policy can alleviate the pressure on Washington to adopt protectionist trade policy and can help to raise output before it leads to a high inflation.(2) He also quotes what Charles Evens said: Additional measures taken by the Fedto stimulate growth should condoned, not condemned.(3) What Mr. Friedman wrote 1997 about Japan: The surest road to a healthyeconomic recovery is to increase the rate of monetary growth, to shift from tight money to easier money.10) What does the author imply about the US Congress?In comparison with the Fed, the US Congress is following a trade protectionist policy in blaming other countries for its unemployment and may cause serious trade retaliations from trading partners.2. Fill in each blank of the following sentences with one of the phrases in the list given below. Make changes when necessary.1)As the financial scandal involves so many people, the probe in to it could dragon for another year.2)In the age of globalization more individuals are forced to integrate intomultinational work teams.3)Many in Europe are now very much worried that it may sink into a Japan-styleeconomic recession.4)But the business leaders yesterday warned against interest rate rises, arguing thatinflation was being driven not by consumer spending, but by rising commodity prices.5)After the call scandal, the American automakers and some politicians there wereso eager to keep their rival Toyota at bay in the auto market.6)Under the current labor law, two categories of employees are exempt fromminimum wage and overtime requirements.7)Though the local partner made a revised offer, the foreigner investor refused andreverted back to the original agreement conditions.8)Last Friday the two parties met for more than five hours only to end up walkingaway from the table once again, reaching no agreement at all.9)When the government supervises banks, it should take into account their payand bonus structures which may often be the source of corruption.10)The customers severely affected in the incident demanded that the company putin place effective measures to avoid occurrence of such things in the future. 11)It’s critical to take hold of any opportunity coming your way because it willnever come back again once lost.12)At times of economic depression, people are more inclined to unethical means intheir business.3. Match the terms in column A with the definitions in column B:A__________________________ B____________________________________ 1)unfair trade A) Restrictions that governments put in placeon the purchase or sale of a foreign or localcurrency, particularly by those in shortageof hard currencies. 62) real estate B) Escalation of protectionism between two ormore countries that impose punitive tariffsand barriers in retaliation for each other. 83) business cycle C) A general decline in prices often caused bya reduction in the money supply or a decreasein spending. 54) trade protectionism D) Unjustifiable and discriminatory policiesand supports by a government to its ownfirms, ranging from export subsidies to anti-competitive practices. 15) price deflation E) Land, buildings, homes or anything fixed,immovable, or permanently attached that canbe traded in the market. 26) exchange control F) The policy of imposing duties or quotas onimports in order to protect home jobs,markets or industries from overseascompetition. 97) competitive currency devaluation G) A company or country with whom you havean ongoing business relationship and engagein importing or exporting activities. 108) trade war H) A predictable long-term pattern ofeconomic activity that an economyexperiences four stages including decline,recession, recovery and boom. 39) import barriers I) The currency devaluation by a governmentto make its goods more competitive in theinternational markets. 710) trading partner L) The economic policy of restrainingbusiness between states through a variety ofgovernment actions to discourage importsand prevent foreign take-over of domesticmarkets and companies. 44. Translate the following passage into Chinese.按官方的说法，中美间过去三天日益严重的贸易纠纷涉及轮胎、鸡肉和汽车，但实际上远远超出此范围。

2023年12月英语六级CET6真题及答案完整版

2023年12月CET6大学英语六级考试真题及答案解析【官方完整版】Part I 写作Writing (30 minutes)Directions: Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on innovation. Your essay should include the importance of innovation and measures to be taken to encourage innovation.You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.【参照范文】It is universally acknowledged that innovation refers to being creative, unique and different. In fact, today it is impossibly difficult for us to image a 21st century without innovation.We should place a high value on innovation firstly because innovative spirit can enable an individual to ameliorate himself, so he can be equipped with capacity to see what others cannot see, be qualified for future career promotion, and be ready for meeting the forthcoming challenges. What’s more, we ought to attach importance to the role played by innovation in economic advancement. Put it another way, in this ever-changing world, innovation to economic growth is what water is to fish. To sum up, if innovation misses our attention in any possible way, we will suffer a great loss beyond imagination.In order to encourage innovation, it is wise for us to take some feasible measures. For example, mass media should greatly publicize the significance of creative spirit and encouragethe public to cultivate awareness of innovation. Besides, those who manage to innovate should be awarded generous prize. Though there is a long way ahead to go, I am firmly certain that the shared efforts will be paid off.【参照译文】众所周知创新意味着有发明力，独一无二和不一样。

高考英语超纲词注解(修改)

溶解，结束
dissolve away消逝，消散
09年阅读理解D篇
distinctive (adj.)
有特色的
distinguish区别，辨别；distinct明显的；distinguished杰出的
09年阅读理解D篇
documentation (n.)
文件，文献
documentary纪录片；thriller惊悚片；science fiction科幻片；adventure冒险片；comedy喜剧片；musical音乐剧；war战争片；romance爱情片
08年阅读理解C篇
psychiatrist (n.)
精神病专家
physician内科医(v.)
提纯，纯化
purified water净化水
09年阅读理解D篇
pushchair (n.)
折叠式婴儿车
push-up俯卧撑
08年阅读理解C篇
recess (n.)
dense (adj.)
密的，浓的
a dense population稠密的人口
10年任务型阅读
dental (adj.)
牙齿的，牙科的
dentist牙医
10年完形填空
descendant (n.)
后代，后裔
ancestor/forefather祖先
10年阅读理解A篇
discharge (v.)
偿还，履行
10年任务型阅读
bullet train (n.)
高速火车
high-speed railway高速铁路；a maglev train磁悬浮列车
10年阅读理解D篇
calendar (n.)
日历
the lunar calendar阴历；the solar calendar阳历

2023秋季学期国开电大本科《管理英语3》在线形考(单元自测3)试题及答案

2023秋季学期国开电大本科《管理英语3》在线形考单元自测3试题及答案说明：资料整理于2023年11月21日；适用于2023秋季学期国开电大本科学员一平台在线形考考试。

单元自测3试题(题库)及答案说明：测试中共有6道随机题，其中有5道选择题和1道完形填空题。

第一大题：选择填空(每题10分，共5题)从下列选择题库中抽2个小题Everything is going smoothly.[答案]What do you think of everything?—Are you going on holiday for a long time?[答案]A.It was a long time.—I wonder if I could use your computer tonight?[答案]A.Sure,go ahead.—In what form will you take the investment?[答案]B.We'll contribute a site and the required premises.—Is it more advisable to upgrade our present facilities than taking the risk of opening a new park?[答案]C.I don't think so.—Is it possible for you to expand business there?[答案]C.Yes,I think so.从下列选择题库中抽3个小题A budget is an estimation of the and. o ver a specified future period of time.[答案]B.revenue;expensesIf the building project. by the end of this month is delayed,the construction company will be fined. [答案]A.to be completedJohn as well as Mike j ust been back from an important meeting.[答案]B.hasLet's discuss these problems at the meeting,[答案]C.will youPurchasing the new production line will be a deal for the company. [答案]A.profitableRent ,electricity and insurance are all examples of the company's[答案]A.overheadThe manager urged his staff not to. t he splendid opportunity.[答案]B.missThey are trying to t he waste discharged by the factory for profit. [答案]C.exploitThey recommended that the amusement park[答案]C.be extendedYou can go out, you promise to be back before 12 o'clock.[答案]C.as long as第二大题：阅读理解选择、判断、翻译等(共50分)从下列带★题库中抽其中1个试题★翻拜为下面的句子选择正确的翻译(每题10分)。

经济损害水平与经济阈值

经济损害水平与经济阈值THE KEYS TO DISEASE MANAGEMENTFrom 《Epidemiology and Plant Disease Management》by Jan C. Zadoks, Richard D. Schein. NewYork 1979. p350-353Let us define disease management as the total of all actions，intentional or not，that serve to regulate disease 1evels so that they remain below the economic thresho1d 1evel；the actions can be directed toward a single disease or toward all diseases threatening a crop；the actions may or may not fin to a system of supervised or even integrated contro1；disease management and pest management are parts of crop management，but they may demand a specific expertise．Development of a disease management program depends on knowledge of three areas：crop economics, population dynamics, and disease control technology, With crop economics, we leave the area of natural sciences and enter an area where value judgments pertain．Although the individual’s value judgment may be highly subjective, the science of economics dealing with large groups of individuals is not so．It is the economist who studies the financial aspects of crop losses．For detailed discussions，refer to the appropriate literature (Carlson，1971；Carlson & Main，1976；Ordish & Dufour，1969)．Economic considerations are crucial in the process leading to a decision for or against action；Value judgments by authorities，consumers，merchants，and farmers play an important role．The farmer's judgment leads，implicitly or explicitly，to an idea about the economically acceptable damage．1 The Economic injury level or Damage ThresholdThe strategy of disease management is to to1erate disease，but to regulate it at subeconomic levels. It follows that that the level Xt at which disease begins to adversely affect yield and／or quality--the damage threshold- must be known．The level of this threshold varies with crop, disease，and 1ocal economy．One farmer or farming region may be able to tolerate loss of attainable yield better than another and remain economically viable．The farmer's judgment about the economically acceptable damage must be translated into concomitant levels of Xt. Such studies are still rare; an excellent example is given by Calpouzos et al．(1976).The level of Xt at which the highest，economically acceptable damage occurs has been called the economic injury level by entomologists：it is the lowest population density that will anuse economic damage. Economic damage is the amount of injury which will justify the cost of artificial control，measures；consequently, the economic-injury 1evel may vary from area to area, season to season, or with man's changing scale of economic values'' (Stern et al., 1959)．Here，We will call it the damage threshold (see Fig. 11.1 where it is shown as an arbitrarily placedline)．Lines 1 and 2 represent disease progressing at the same rate．Line 2 either originates from a lower level of Xo (a) or starts later in the，season (b)．Line 1 crosses the damage threshold Xd earlier than line 2 and reaches a higher harvest level Xh of disease and，probably，damage．lines 3 and 4 are for disease progressing at a much lower rate；they will not reach the damage threshold before harvest. Such a rate would result from horizontal resistance, and the use of cultivars with this quality would satisfy the requirements of disease management.True determination of the damage threshold is part of the fine tuning of a local management system and depends not only on biologic information but also on accurate knowledge of the costs of inputs to the system，the value of outputs，and the required maintenance level. The farmer can afford only that amount of disease control that will produce yield or profit exceeding the cost of the control measures．As intensification increases，input costs generally increase．Yields plotted against inputs often show an inflection in the curve after which each unit of input produces a smaller increment of yield．One of the inputs is the cost of disease control and diminishing returns must be taken into account in judging how much control is affordable．2 The Economic Threshold or Action ThresholdThe rate of disease development r depends on host resistance，pathogen virulence，and environmental suitability．Cultivars may have different damage thresholds．If Xo，r, and the damage threshold are known，it can be predicted at what time disease will exceed the damage threshold．If it is sufficiently before harvest，significant damage may result．Figure 11.1 illustrates this．If the damage threshold Xd is known，and disease is present，the farmer must know when to act--the action threshold，Xa. At the right time，ta，the farmer must apply a control measure that will so reduce r that disease will not reach the damage threshold before harvest．Empirical fungicide studies show what degree of r reduction will result with different materials under different conditions．Line 3 of Figure 11.1 illustrates this idea，If disease is observed to be progressing at the rate of line 1 and if it is known that a particular treatment will reduce r the amount indicated by f. the manager or advisor can calculale the time，ta，and disease level，Xa，at which to act．Epidemio1ogy provides the means to make these decisions．The manager may also calculate，for any time in the season，the allowable r value and spray accordingly．Our term “action threshold ’’is synonymous with the entomologists’ economic threshold，which is defined as 'the density at which control measures should be determined to prevent an increasing pest population from reaching the economic-injury level．The economic threshold is lower than the economic injury level to permit sufficient time for the initiation of control measures and for these measures to take effect before the population reaches the economic-injury level’(Stern et al. 1959)3 The Warning ThresholdMany things have to be done before a farmer can take the appropriate action．The chemical has to be bought，the spray equipment readied，and so on．Sometimes a warning threshold is useful. It is the level of disease severity Xw that leads to a standby warning.The warning threshold is lower and earlier than the action threshold，and the latter is lower and earlier than the damage threshold，As the damage threshold is based on a value judgment，it is subjective，and，consequently，the other two thresholds are also subjective．Objectivation is possible by mutual agreement，but whereas the damage threshold may vary somewhat from farm to farm，the warning thresho1d can be 1ocally or．Regionally determined and watched.It is noteworthy that BLITECAST，described in Example ll.4，contains a warning threshol1d．经济损害水平经济损害水平(economic injury level，简称EIL)造成经济损失的最低有害生物种群密度。

routine练习题

routine练习题一、词汇练习1. 选择正确的单词填空：1. I usually _______ to work bus.2. She _______ her homework every evening.A. doesB. doC. does not doD. doesn't do3. They _______ a movie last night.A. watchB. watchesC. watchedD. watching2. 选择正确的词组：1. I _______ (go, going) to the gym this morning.2. He _______ (be, is) late for school again.3. She _______ (do, does) her homework every day.3. 选择正确的形容词：1. This is a _______ (good, bad) book.2. She is a _______ (smart, silly) girl.3. The weather is very _______ (hot, cold) today.二、语法练习1. 选择正确的时态：1. I _______ (go, went) to the park yesterday.2. She _______ (be, was) happy when she received the gift.3. They _______ (do, did) their homework last night.2. 选择正确的语态：1. The teacher _______ (teach, is taught) Mr. Wang.2. The book _______ (write, is written) a famous author.3. The letter _______ (send, is sent) to her last week.3. 选择正确的连词：1. I _______ (go, am going) to the movies, _______ (because, because of) I have free time.2. She _______ (like, likes) coffee, _______ (but, but) she doesn't like tea.3. I _______ (finish, finished) my homework, _______ (so, so) I can go out now.三、阅读理解1. 阅读短文，回答问题：1. What is the main idea of the passage?2. Who is the main character in the story?3. What happens at the end of the passage?2. 阅读文章，判断正误：1. The story is about a boy who goes to the park every weekend.2. The boy meets his friends at the park and they play games together.3. The boy goes home after playing games with his friends.3. 阅读文章，找出关键信息：1. What is the author's favorite color?2. Why does the author like this color?3. What does the author think about other colors?四、写作练习1. 介绍动物的名字和种类。

九年级英语经济发展趋势单选题40题

九年级英语经济发展趋势单选题40题1. In the economic development, the term "GDP" stands for _____.A. General Domestic ProductB. Gross Domestic ProductC. General Domestic PriceD. Gross Domestic Price答案：B。

本题主要考查经济术语“GDP”的全称。

选项A 表述错误，“GDP”的正确表述是“Gross Domestic Product”（国内生产总值），选项C 和D 也是错误表述。

2. The main goal of economic growth is to increase _____.A. production and consumptionB. prices and profitsC. unemployment and inflationD. taxes and debts答案：A。

经济增长的主要目标是增加生产和消费，选项B 价格和利润的增加并非经济增长的主要目标，选项C 失业和通货膨胀的增加不利于经济发展，选项D 税收和债务的增加通常不是经济增长的主要追求。

3. Which of the following is a characteristic of a developed economy?A. Low literacy rateB. High poverty rateC. Advanced technologyD. Limited infrastructure答案：C。

发达国家的特征通常包括先进的技术，选项A 低识字率不符合，选项B 高贫困率也不符合，选项D 有限的基础设施也不是发达国家的特点。

4. Economic indicators are used to measure _____.A. political stabilityB. cultural diversityC. economic performanceD. environmental quality答案：C。

经济学中英文对照

经济名词术语参考查询AB[编辑] C[编辑] D[编辑] E[编辑] FGI[编辑] K[编辑] L[编辑] M[编辑] N[编辑] O[编辑]P[编辑] Q[编辑] R[编辑] S[编辑] T[编辑][编辑]V[编辑]W经济名词术语参考查询第二部分[编辑] B[编辑] C[编辑] D[编辑] E[编辑] F[编辑] G[编辑] H[编辑] I[编辑] K[编辑] L[编辑] MMacroeconomics 宏观经济学对经济总体行为的分析，主要研究产出、收入、价格水平、对外贸易、失业和其他总体经济变量。

（参见微观经济学，microeconomics）。

Malthusian theory of population grow th 马尔萨斯人口增长理论马尔萨斯首次提出的一种假设：认为人口增长的“自然”倾向快于食品供给的增长。

因此，随着时间推移，人均食品生产增长率趋于下降，从而给人回增长设置了一种障碍。

一般地说，这种观点认为：随着人口的收入水平和生活标准的提高，人口倾向于更快地增长。

Managed exchangerate 管理汇率制当今最流行的一种汇率体制。

在这种体制中，国家会不时地采取一些干预措施以稳定货币，但没有固定的或官方公布的平价。

Marginal cost边际成本参见成本边际（cost,marginal）。

Marginal principle边际原则一个基本概念：当人们活动的边际成本等于边际收益的时候，他们就实现了自己的收入或利润的最大化。

Marginal Product（MP）边际产品当所有其他投入不变时，追加一单位投入所得到的额外的产出。

有时称作边际物质产品（Marginal physicalproduct）。

Marginal product theory of distribution 分配的边际产品理论由约翰·B·克拉克提出的一种收入分配理论。

根据该理论，每一生产性投入依据其边际产品获得相应的报酬。

经济学中常见术语(中英文对照)

经济术语价格术语trade term (price term)运费freight单价price码头费wharfage总值total value卸货费landing charges金额amount关税customs duty净价net price印花税stamp duty含佣价price including commission港口税portdues回佣return commission装运港portof shipment折扣discount,allowance卸货港port of discharge批发价wholesale price目的港portof destination零售价retail price进口许口证inportlicence现货价格spot price出口许口证exportlicence期货价格forward price现行价格（时价）current price国际市场价格world (International)Marketprice离岸价（船上交货价）FOB-free on board成本加运费价（离岸加运费价）C&F-cost and freight到岸价（成本加运费、保险费价）CIF-cost,insurance and freight裙带资本主义（Crony Capitalism）道德风险（Moral Hazard）产权（property rights）公地悲剧（Tragedy of the commons）垄断（monopoly）逆向选择（adverse selection）常用经济学术语：economist 经济学家socialist economy 社会主义经济capitalist economy 资本主义经济collective economy 集体经济planned economy 计划经济controlled economy 管制经济rural economics 农村经济liberal economy 自由经济mixed economy 混合经济political economy 政治经济学protectionism 保护主义autarchy 闭关自守primary sector 初级成分private sector 私营成分,私营部门public sector 公共部门,公共成分economic channels 经济渠道economic balance 经济平衡economic fluctuation 经济波动economic depression 经济衰退economic stability 经济稳定economic policy 经济政策economic recovery 经济复原understanding 约定concentration 集中holding company 控股公司trust 托拉斯cartel 卡特尔rate of growth 增长economic trend 经济趋势economic situation 经济形势infrastructure 基本建设standard of living 生活标准,生活水平purchasing power, buying power 购买力scarcity 短缺stagnation 停滞,萧条,不景气underdevelopment 不发达underdeveloped 不发达的developing 发展中的initial capital 创办资本frozen capital 冻结资金frozen assets 冻结资产fixed assets 固定资产real estate 不动产,房地产circulating capital, working capital 流动资本available capital 可用资产capital goods 资本货物reserve 准备金,储备金calling up of capital 催缴资本allocation of funds 资金分配contribution of funds 资金捐献working capital fund 周转基金revolving fund 循环基金,周转性基金contingency fund 意外开支,准备金reserve fund 准备金buffer fund 缓冲基金,平准基金sinking fund 偿债基金investment 投资,资产investor 投资人self-financing 自筹经费,经费自给current account 经常帐户(美作:checking account)current-account holder 支票帐户(美作:checking-account holder) cheque 支票(美作:check)bearer cheque, cheque payable to bearer 无记名支票,来人支票crossed cheque 划线支票traveller's cheque 旅行支票chequebook 支票簿,支票本(美作:checkbook) endorsement 背书transfer 转让,转帐,过户money 货币issue 发行ready money 现钱cash 现金ready money business, no credit given 现金交易,概不赊欠change 零钱banknote, note 钞票,纸币(美作:bill)to pay (in) cash 付现金domestic currency, local currency] 本国货币convertibility 可兑换性convertible currencies 可自由兑换货币exchange rate 汇率,兑换率foreign exchange 外汇floating exchange rate 浮动汇率free exchange rates 自由汇兑市场foreign exchange certificate 外汇兑换券hard currency 硬通货speculation 投机saving 储装,存款depreciation 减价,贬值devaluation (货币)贬值revaluation 重估价runaway inflation 无法控制的通货膨胀deflation 通货紧缩capital flight 资本外逃stock exchange 股票市场stock exchange corporation 证券交易所stock exchange 证券交易所,股票交易所quotation 报价,牌价share 股份,股票shareholder, stockholder 股票持有人,股东dividend 股息,红利cash dividend 现金配股stock investment 股票投资investment trust 投资信托stock-jobber 股票经纪人stock company, stock brokerage firm 证券公司securities 有价证券share, common stock 普通股preference stock 优先股income gain 股利收入issue 发行股票par value 股面价格, 票面价格bull 买手, 多头bear 卖手, 空头assigned 过户opening price 开盘closing price 收盘hard times 低潮business recession 景气衰退doldrums 景气停滞dull 盘整ease 松弛raising limit 涨停板break 暴跌bond, debenture 债券Wall Street 华尔街short term loan 短期贷款long term loan 长期贷款medium term loan 中期贷款lender 债权人creditor 债权人debtor 债务人,借方borrower 借方,借款人borrowing 借款interest 利息rate of interest 利率discount 贴现,折扣rediscount 再贴现annuity 年金maturity 到期日,偿还日amortization 摊销,摊还,分期偿付redemption 偿还insurance 保险mortgage 抵押allotment 拨款short term credit 短期信贷consolidated debt 合并债务funded debt 固定债务,长期债务floating debt 流动债务drawing 提款,提存aid 援助allowance, grant, subsidy 补贴,补助金,津贴output 产出,产量producer 生产者,制造者productive, producing 生产的products, goods 产品consumer goods 消费品article 物品,商品manufactured goods, finished goods 制成品,产成品raw product 初级产品semifinished goods 半成品by-product 副产品foodstuffs 食品raw material 原料supply 供应,补给input 投入productivity 生产率productiveness 赢利性overproduction 生产过剩农业farming林业forestry畜牧业animal husbandry副业sideline production渔业fishing第一产业primary industry第二产业secondary industry第三产业tertiary industry生产资料means of production生活资料means of livelihood/subsistence生产关系relations of production生产力productive forces公有制public ownership私有制private ownership全民所有制ownership by the entire/whole people社会主义集体所有制socialist collective ownership厉行节约，反对浪费to practice strict economy and combat waste外资企业foreign-funded enterprise合资企业joint venture合作企业cooperative enterprise独资企业wholly foreign owned/funded ente。

economic reform 英文解释

economic reform 英文解释Economic reform is a crucial process that involves changes in the economic policies, institutions, and structures of a country, aimed at improving its economic performance and well-being. It encompasses a wide range of measures, from deregulation and privatization to market liberalization and social spending, all designed to foster growth, innovation, and competitiveness.The need for economic reform often arises due to various challenges, such as high levels of bureaucracy and government intervention, rigid labor markets, and inadequate infrastructure. These challenges can hinder economic growth and development, leading to stagnation, income inequality, and social unrest. Economic reform, therefore, becomes necessary to address these issues and create a more dynamic and inclusive economy.One of the key objectives of economic reform is to enhance the role of markets in resource allocation. This involves reducing government intervention and allowing market forces to determine prices and production levels. Deregulation and privatization are two common tools used toachieve this objective. Deregulation refers to the removal of unnecessary laws and regulations that restrict business activity, while privatization involves the transfer of ownership and control of state-owned enterprises to private sector players. These measures can help to improve efficiency, innovation, and competition, thereby boosting economic growth.Another important aspect of economic reform is the promotion of trade and investment. This involves reducing tariffs and other trade barriers, improving the ease of doing business, and attracting foreign capital. By opening up markets to international trade and investment, countries can expand their economic horizons, access new sources of technology and know-how, and create jobs and wealth. Market liberalization, therefore, becomes a crucial component of economic reform, enabling countries to integrate more deeply into the global economy.However, economic reform is not solely focused on growth and competitiveness. It also aims to ensure social well-being and inclusivity. This involves investing in human capital, providing access to basic services such aseducation and healthcare, and ensuring that the benefits of economic growth are shared across society. Social spending, therefore, becomes an integral part of economic reform, helping to create a more equitable and sustainable society. In summary, economic reform is a comprehensive process that aims to improve a country's economic performance and well-being. It involves changes in policies, institutions, and structures, designed to foster growth, innovation, and competitiveness. By enhancing the role of markets, promoting trade and investment, and investing in social well-being, economic reform can help countries to achieve sustainable and inclusive growth.**经济改革：通往可持续增长的道路**经济改革是一个至关重要的过程，涉及到一个国家经济政策、制度和结构的变革，旨在改善其经济表现和福祉。

电动滑板车的安全等2则外刊阅读训练--2023届高三英语二轮复习

外刊精读电动滑板车的安全导读：眼下最新的城市交通出行方式是骑电动滑板车。

这种新型交通工具使人们从一地到另一地的出行过程变得既简单又便宜。

不过至少在英国，法律对在哪里可以骑电动滑板车是有限制的。

人们对在公路上使用滑板车的安全系数也有顾虑。

本集“外刊精读” 介绍这个时髦的交通工具。

一、语篇泛读If you look around the streets of London, you’ll see the many methods people use to move around. Whether it’s on a commute to work, a trip to the shops, or a sightseeing excursion, there are people on buses,the Tube, cars, motorbikes, bicycles and even roller skates. The roads are already congested; and now there’s a new addition: electric, or 'e-scooters'.This traditional children’s vehicle has become more sophisticated over the years. And now, with the addition of a small electric motor, it’s become a cheap and easy mode of transport.Scooting around town can be fun and doesn’t involve much effort, so it’s no wonder they’re becoming increasingly popular in cities around the world. But following what’s believed to be the first fatal accident involving an electric scooter in the UK, questions are being asked about their safety and whether traffic laws should be changed.Some scooter riders have been seen on pavements; others on the road jumping red traffic lights, adding to the frustration of motorists stuck in jams. In the UK, the law states that ridi ng one on the public highway or pavement is forbidden. Riders currently face a £300fixed-penalty notice and six points on their driving licence for doing so. But, despite this, it seems the increasing popularity of e-scooters means they can be seen everywhere. And now users are calling on regulations to be changed.三、测试与练习阅读课文并回答问题。

31_158_Economic_Recession

经济衰退））June 10, 09158 Economic Recession（经济衰退A. 在前两期的节目中，我们一起学习的是有关自然灾难的英语词汇和相关知识。

V. 我们在节目中举了一些报刊媒体中有关自然灾难的句子，希望通过这些实例帮助观众朋友们了解和掌握这些词汇的用法。

A. 节目播出后，有观众朋友反映，这种通过新闻内容来学习英语的方式很好，他还建议今后可以多安排这方面的内容，特别是和国内国际时事结合较紧的话题。

V. 谢谢这位朋友的意见，我们采纳了他的建议，在今天的节目中安排了当前在全球最热门的话题。

A. 全球最热门的话题？我想莫过于全球经济危机了，这样的话题可谓充斥着所有媒体。

V. 是的，今天我们就一起来学习与经济危机和经济衰退有关的一些英语词汇，特别是一些在新闻媒体经常出现的词汇。

A. 同样，我们希望这样的内容可以有助于朋友们更好地了解时事新闻，并且可以和他人更好地进行交谈和讨论。

V. 首先我们来看一看经济危机和经济衰退在英语中分别是如何表达的，经济危机的英文是economic crisis，例如：The current economic crisis started from financial crisis.A. The current economic crisis started from financial crisis.，当前的经济危机开始于金融危机，是的，好像一开始是一些投资银行破产。

V. 英语中表示破产的单词是bankrupt，拼法是[ ]，这是个形容词，常用于词组go bankrupt中，例如：Everybody was shocked that major investment banks went bankrupt one after another.A. 一些主要投资银行一个接一个破产，每个人都很震惊。

我们再听一遍好吗？V. 好的，Everybody was shocked that some major investment banks went bankrupt one after another.A. 平时在新闻中还经常听到“申请破产保护”，不知道这用英语怎么说？V. 要说这一短语，首先要看看bankrupt的名词形式bankruptcy，就是在bankrupt后加上cy，拼法是 [ ]。

考研英语真题2023试卷

考研英语真题2023试卷一、完形填空（共20分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

In the past, the world was a very different place. People lived in small communities and rarely traveled far from home. But with the advent of the Industrial Revolution, everything changed. The development of new technologies allowed for mass production and the creation of new modes of transportation, which 1 the way people lived and worked.1. [A] transformed [B] simplified [C] complicated [D] restrictedThe ability to travel quickly and easily meant that people could 2 to new places for work or to start a new life. This led to the growth of cities and the 3 of a more global society.2. [A] migrate [B] commute [C] settle [D] retreat3. [A] emergence [B] decline [C] dissolution [D] disappearanceHowever, this rapid change also brought about new challenges. The 4 of factories and the increase in population put astrain on resources and led to environmental issues.4. [A] construction [B] destruction [C] expansion [D]reductionDespite these challenges, the Industrial Revolution was a 5in human history, paving the way for the technological advancements we enjoy today.5. [A] milestone [B] setback [C] anomaly [D] catastrophe二、阅读理解（共40分）阅读下列四篇短文，然后根据短文内容回答问题。

economicefficiency定义

economicefficiency定义下载提示：该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的，希望大家下载后，能够帮助大家解决实际问题。

文档下载后可定制修改，请根据实际需要进行调整和使用，谢谢!本店铺为大家提供各种类型的实用资料，如教育随笔、日记赏析、句子摘抄、古诗大全、经典美文、话题作文、工作总结、词语解析、文案摘录、其他资料等等，想了解不同资料格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor. I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you! In addition, this shop provides you with various types of practical materials, such as educational essays, diary appreciation, sentence excerpts, ancient poems, classic articles, topic composition, work summary, word parsing, copy excerpts, other materials and so on, want to know different data formats and writing methods, please pay attention!经济效率定义及其重要性引言在经济学中，经济效率是一个重要的概念，它指的是资源的最佳利用程度。

经济负增长英语

经济负增长英语Economic Recession: A Global ChallengeThe world has witnessed a significant economic downturn in recent years, with many countries experiencing a period of negative economic growth, commonly referred to as an economic recession. This phenomenon has had far-reaching consequences, impacting individuals, businesses, and governments alike. As we delve into the complexities of economic recession, it is crucial to understand its underlying causes, its impact on various sectors, and the strategies employed to navigate through these turbulent times.At the heart of an economic recession lies a decline in economic activity, characterized by a decrease in consumer spending, business investment, and overall production. This slowdown can be triggered by a variety of factors, such as a collapse in consumer confidence, a credit crunch, or a sudden disruption in global trade. When the economy contracts, businesses are forced to cut costs, leading to job losses and a rise in unemployment. Consumers, in turn, become more cautious in their spending, further exacerbating the downward spiral.The impact of an economic recession is felt across various industries and sectors. The manufacturing sector is often hit the hardest, as demand for goods and services declines. The construction industry, which is heavily reliant on consumer confidence and access to credit, also experiences a significant downturn. The service sector, including industries such as retail, hospitality, and entertainment, also faces significant challenges as consumers tighten their belts.The financial sector is particularly vulnerable during an economic recession. Banks and other financial institutions may experience a surge in non-performing loans, leading to a reduction in lending and a tightening of credit. This, in turn, can further hamper economic growth, as businesses and individuals struggle to access the necessary funding to invest and consume.Governments play a crucial role in mitigating the effects of an economic recession. Policymakers often implement a range of fiscal and monetary policies to stimulate the economy. Fiscal policies, such as tax cuts and increased government spending, aim to boost consumer demand and encourage business investment. Monetary policies, on the other hand, typically involve central banks lowering interest rates and injecting liquidity into the financial system to facilitate lending and investment.In addition to government interventions, businesses must also adapttheir strategies to navigate the challenges posed by an economic recession. This may involve cost-cutting measures, such as reducing staff, streamlining operations, and renegotiating supplier contracts. Businesses may also seek to diversify their product offerings or explore new markets to offset the decline in domestic demand.Individuals, too, play a crucial role in weathering an economic recession. Consumers may need to adjust their spending habits, prioritize essential expenses, and seek opportunities to save or invest. Additionally, individuals may need to explore alternative sources of income, such as freelance work or side hustles, to supplement their primary employment.In conclusion, economic recession is a complex and multifaceted challenge that requires a coordinated effort from governments, businesses, and individuals. By understanding the underlying causes, the impact on various sectors, and the strategies employed to navigate these turbulent times, we can better prepare for and mitigate the effects of future economic downturns. Ultimately, the ability to adapt, innovate, and work together will be the key to overcoming the challenges posed by economic recession and fostering a more resilient and prosperous future.。

新视野大学英语第三版第三册unit 7 Section A

To be continued
Pre-reading activities
Compound dictation
Listen to a short passage concerning economic crisis and fill in the missing information.
This week, Germany’sc_o_a_l_it_io_n__g_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n__t _ agreed to an economic aid package worth about 67 billion dollars. The two-year plan calls for spending on public works and a tax cut for low-income Germans. Critics considered an earlier measure too small to f_ig_h_t_t_h_e__re_c_e_s_s_i_o_n_ in Europe’s largest economy.
Cultural background
Economy
Questions Previewing
1. What is economic crisis?
Tips
2. What does mortgage refer to? Tips
3. What triggered US subprime Tips mortgage crisis?
Tips The companies that had the oversight and those that owned the loans (as well as their subsidiaries and their shareholders) lost sizable amounts of money.

IME_SampleQuizQuestions

IME_SampleQuizQuestionsInternational Monetary Economics (ECO3IME) Sample Quiz QuestionsStudent ID___________________________________ Tutor _________________________________ Student Name _______________________________Tutorial Day & Time_________________________________MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.1)The monetary approach makes the general prediction that1)A)the exchange rate, which is the relative price of American and European money, is fullydetermined in the short run and long run by the relative supplies of those monies and therelative demands for them.B)the exchange rate, which is the relative price of American and European money, is fullydetermined in the short run by the relative supplies of those monies and the relative demandsfor them.C)the exchange rate, which is the relative price of American and European money, is fullydetermined in the long run by the relative supplies of those monies and the relative demandsfor them.D)the money supply in the U.S. will adjust to European monetary equilibrium.E)the exchange rate, which is the relative price of American and European money, is fullydetermined in the long run by the relative supplies of those monies.2)The PPP theory fails in reality because2)A)transport costs and restrictions on trade.B)inflation rates are unrelated to money supply growth.C)A, B, and C.D)monopolistic or oligopolistic practices in goods markets.E)the inflation data reported in different countries are based on different commodity baskets.3)An increase in the world relative demand for U.S. output causes3)A)a short-run real depreciation of the dollar against the euro.B)a long-run real appreciation of the dollar against the euro.C)a short-run real appreciation of the euro against the dollar.D)a long-run real appreciation of the euro against the dollar.E)a long-run real depreciation of the dollar against the euro.4)Which one of the following statements is the most accurate?4)A)For asset markets to remain in equilibrium, a fall in domestic output must be accompanied bya depreciation of foreign currency, all else equal.B)For asset markets to remain in equilibrium, a rise in domestic output must be accompanied byan appreciation of domestic currency, all else equal.C)For asset markets to remain in equilibrium, a fall in domestic output must be accompanied byan appreciation of domestic currency, all else equal.D)For asset markets to remain in equilibrium, a fall in domestic output must be accompanied byan appreciation of foreign currency, all else equal.E)For asset markets to remain in equilibrium, a rise in domestic output must be accompanied bya depreciation of domestic currency, all else equal.5)Which of the following compete to determine whether the current account improves or worsens following a rise in the real exchange rate?5)A)appreciation and depreciationB)producers effect and value effectC)volume effect and inflationD)crowding Out effect and producers effectE)volume effect and value effect6)How would you define a DD schedule?6)A)the currency depreciation in relation to the exchange rateB)the combinations of output and the exchange rate that must hold when the output market isin short-run equilibriumC)the aggregate demand in relation to the foreign market valueD)the combinations of output and the exchange rate that must hold when the home moneymarket and the foreign exchange market are in equilibriumE)factors of production in the long run7)In the short-run, a temporary increase in the money supply7)A)shifts the AA curve to the left, increases output and appreciates the currency.B)shifts the AA curve to the right, increases output and depreciates the currency.C)shifts the AA curve to the right, increases output and appreciates the currency.D)shifts the AA curve to the left, increases output and depreciates the currency.E)shifts the AA curve to the left, decreases output and depreciates the currency.8)How is the AA schedule derived?8)A)It is derived by the schedule of exchange rate and output combinations that are consistentwith equilibrium in the domestic money market and the foreign exchange market.B)It is derived by the schedule of interest rate and output combinations that are consistent withequilibrium in the domestic money market and the foreign exchange market.C)It is derived by the schedule of exchange rate and output combinations that are greater thanequilibrium in the foreign money market and the domestic exchange market.D)It is derived by the schedule of exchange rate and output combinations that are consistentwith equilibrium in the foreign money market and the domestic exchange market.E)It is derived by the schedule of exchange rate and output combinations that are consistentwith equilibrium in the domestic bond market and the foreign asset market.9)In the short-run, an increase in government purchases causes9)A)a shift of the DD curve to the right, output increasesB)a shift of the DD curve to the left, output increasesC)a shift of the DD curve upwards, supply increasesD)a shift of the DD curve to the right, output decreasesE)a shift of the DD curve to the left, output decreases10)Using the DD-AA framework, which one of the following statements is the most accurate?10)A)Both policies are capable of bringing the economy to full employment and low inflation.B)Only fiscal policy can bring the economy to full employment.C)Monetary policy by itself or fiscal policy by itself can bring the economy to full employment.D)Only monetary policy can bring the economy to full employment.E)Only both monetary and fiscal policies can bring the economy to full employment.11)The liabilities side of a central bank include11)A)deposits held by the private banks and currency in circulation.B)foreign assets and domestic assets.C)currency in circulation.D)deposits held by the private banks.E)deposits held by the private banks, foreign assets, and currency in circulation.12)Which one of the following statements is most true?12)A)Any central bank purchase of assets results in an increase in the domestic money supply, while any central bank sale of assets causes the money supply to decline.B)Any central bank purchase of assets automatically results in a decrease in the domestic money supply, while any central bank sale of assets automatically causes the money supply to increase.C)Any central bank purchase of assets automatically results in an increase in the domestic money supply, while any central bank sale of assets does not necessarily affect the money supply.D)Any central bank purchase of assets automatically results in an increase in the domestic money supply, while any central bank sale of assets automatically causes the money supply to decline.E)Any central bank purchase of assets automatically results in a decrease in the domestic money supply, while any central bank sale of assets automatically causes the money supply to decline.13)Under fixed exchange rate, in general,13)A)the foreign and domestic interest rates are unequal.B)the expected rate of currency depreciation is one.C)R= R + (E e- E)/E.D)the expected rate of domestic currency depreciation is high.E)the domestic and foreign interest rates are equal, R= R .14)By fixing the exchange rate, the central bank gives up its ability to14)A)increase government spending.B)adjust taxes.C)influence the economy through fiscal policy.D)depreciate the domestic currency.E)influence the economy through monetary policy.15)A balance of payments crisis is best described as15)A)a sharp change in interest rates sparked by a change in expectations about the level of imports.B)a sharp change in interest rates sparked by a change in expectations about the level of exports.C)a sharp change in foreign reserves sparked by a change in expectations about the future exchange rate.D)a sharp change in foreign reserves sparked by a change in expectations about domestic production.E)a sharp change in foreign reserves sparked by a change in expectations about the level of imports.Answer KeyTestname: IME_SAMPLE QUIZ QUESTIONS1)C2)C3)B4)B5)E6)B7)B8)A9)A10)C11)A12)D13)E14)E15)C。

recession短语搭配

recession短语搭配
"Recession"是指经济衰退的状态。

以下是一些常见的与"recession"相关的短语搭配：
1.经济衰退（Economic Recession）：描述整体经济状况不佳，经济活动减缓的状态。

2.经济不景气（Economic Downturn）：表示整体经济走弱，经济指标下降的时期。

3.衰退时期（Period of Recession）：指经济不景气的一段时间。

4.经济低迷（Economic Slump）：描述经济活动低迷，生产和消费降低的情况。

5.就业困境（Job Crisis）：指在经济衰退期间，失业率上升，就业市场不景气。

6.财政紧缩（Financial Contraction）：表示金融市场紧张，信贷收缩，资金流动性下降。

7.企业裁员（Corporate Layoffs）：描述企业在经济不景气时期削减员工的行为。

8.需求下降（Decrease in Demand）：经济衰退时，市场上产品和服务的需求减少。

9.股市崩盘（Stock Market Crash）：在经济不景气时，股票市场大幅度下跌的现象。

10.消费信心下降（Decline in Consumer Confidence）：描述消费者对经济前景感到不安，消费信心降低。

这些短语搭配用于描述经济处于衰退状态时的不同方面和影响。

在讨论经济问题时，使用这些短语可以更准确地传达相关的情境和含义。

常见政治术语翻译 ppt课件

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To uphold world peace, promote common development and seek cooperation and winwin is the common wish of the people and the world and an irresistible trend of our times. Committed to peace, development and cooperation, China pursues a road of peaceful development, and endeavors to build, together with other countries, a harmonious world of enduring peace and common prosperity.
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居民消费价格：consumer prices
国内生产总值： national gross products
经济全球化：economic globalization
标本兼治：address both the symptoms and root
causes of problems
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中国与世界从未像今天这样紧密相连。中国政府把中国人民的根本利益与各国人民的共同利益结合起来，坚持奉行防御性的国防政策。中国的国防服从和服务于国家发展战略和安全战略，旨在维护国家安全统一，确保实现全面建设小康社会的宏伟目标。中国永远是维护世界和平、安全、稳定的坚定力量。
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着力搞好宏观调控和保持经济平稳较快发展，着力加快经济发展方式转变和经济结构调整，着力推进改革开放和自主创新，着力改善民生和促进社会和谐稳定，