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Writing the Outline of the Research Paper

Writing the Outline of the Research Paper1. What is an outline?An outline is a working and orderly plan that classifies the segments of the research and the ideas of the researcher into very clear and logical categories, and a vitally important step to the discovery of what needs to be expressed in the paper.A Working Outline and a Final OutlineA working outline might be only an informal list of topics and subtopic which you are thinking of covering in your paper.A final outline should enhance the organization and coherence of your research paper.2. Types of Outline Symbols1) The standard outline symbols2) The decimal outline symbols3. Types of OutlinesTopic Outline, Sentence Outline and Paragraph OutlineA standard sentence outline sampleHawthorne’s Conflicting Views on the Wor ld in the Scarlet LetterThesis Statement: Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter reflects his conflicting views on the world and demonstrates that he is both a critic and an heir of Puritanism.Audience:Current college and university studentsOutline:I. The Scarlet Letter tells a story about sin and pain.A.The Scarlet Letter is not a story of adultery,but of sin and its effects.1.T he main characters in the story are allsinners.2.H awt horne calls the story “a hell-firedstory”.B.The three sinners all suffer greatly and failto escape their doomed fate.1.H es ter’s miserable life is the penalty for hersin.2.D emmesdale’s living death is thepunishment for his sin.3.C hillingworth changes into a devil.II. Hawthorne holds different attitudes towards the three sinners.A.Hester, presented as a heroine, winsHawthorne’s sympathy and admiration.1.H ester is presented as a beautiful, braveand loyal woman2.H ester is presented as a kind, able andsympathetic woman.3.H ester wins a new sense of life andfreedom.4.H ester is linked to the human race by herdaughter Pearl.B.Dimmesdale is presented as a coward and ahypocrite as well as a victim.1.D immesdale is a coward and a hypocrite.2.D immesdale is a victim.3.D immesdale is greatly different fromHester.C.Chillingworth is presented as a devil andthe worst sinner.1.C hillingworth is rich in knowledge butpoor in sympathy.2.C hillingworth “v iolates in cold blood thesanctity of a human heart.”III. Hawthorne is both an heir and a critic of Puritanism.A.The blackness thrown into the story showsHowthorne’s Puritan belief.1.T he seventeenth century Puritan society isthe background of the society.2.H awthorne makes everyone in the story asinner and leaves them no way of escape.3.T he only right way of self-discovery liesin the realization of one’s sinfulness andbeing true.B.Hawthorne’s views on the three sinnersdemonstrates that he is a critic of Puritanism.1.T he Puritan society is cruel and cold inexcommunicating Hester.2.T he Puritan society is corrupted andinharmonious.3.H awthorne challenged the Puritan societythrough Hester’s new sense of life.4. Stylistic Theory of OutliningAn outline has a balanced structure based on the following stylistic theories:1) ParallelismWhenever possible, in writing an outline, coordinate heads should be expressed in parallel form.2) CoordinationIn outlining, those items which are of equal significance have comparable numeral or letter designation: an “A.”is equal to a “B.”, a “1.”to “2.”, a “a.” to a “b.”Coordinate should be seen as having the same value. Coordination is a principle that enables a writer to maintain a coherent document.3) SubordinationThe uses of major and minor headings4) DivisionTo divide you always need at least two parts;therefore, there can never be an “A.” without a“B.”, a “1.” without “2.”, a “a.” without a “b.,etc.Exercise: The following outlines have some faults and defects in them. Try to find out and correct all of them.1Title:Confucius’Main Teaching Methods and Their Applicability to China’s Education TodayThesis:Confucius’ elicitation method of teaching and that of teaching students in accordance with their attitude are still applicable to China’s education today. Outline:I. A brief introductionA.Confucius as a great philosopher and statesmanB.A great educatorII. Confucius’ two teaching methodsA.The elicitation method(1)Fostering the student’s ability to learn bythemselves.(2)In his normal day teaching, he put greatemphasis on the teacher’s role in giving thestudent guidance.B.The method of “teaching student in accordancewith their aptitude”.III. Causes of the discontinuance of Confucious’ teaching methods in modern ChinaA.The May Fourth eraB.The Cultural Revolution period is another periodwhen confuc ious’ teaching principles ceased to work.IV. The applicability of Confucious’ teaching method to China’s education todayA.Analyze problems in education1.Feeding students with knowledge2.Teaching students in the same way withoutdiscrimination3.The root of problemsB.The applicability of Confuc ious’ teachingmethods1.Teachers at present should learn to helpstudents cultivate the habit of learning in anactive way.2.Giving students opportunities to practice whatthey have learned3.It is always important to improve the ways ofteaching so as to arouse students’ interest.4.Increasing elective courses to meet students’different interests5.More technical and vocational schools need tobe set up for students so that the students canhave different capacities.V. Conclusion2Title:The Differences of Taboos between English and Chinese CulturesThesis:Audience:Outline:I. A brief introduction to taboosA. The origin of taboosB. The different cultural background concerning taboos between Chinese and EnglishII. Two aspects of taboos affecting the cross-cultural communicationA. Custom taboos1. Taboos on social contact2. Taboos on food and drink3. Taboos on privacyB. Verbal taboos1. Taboos on figures2. Taboos on diseases and death3. Taboos on addressing4. Taboos on profanities and vulgaritiesIII. Way s to avoid the cultural conflicts in taboo’s respectA. Figuring out the problems of the different taboosB. Using euphemismC. Having a good knowledge of taboo culture ConclusionA. The importance of taboos in our cross-cultural communicationB. The needed attention of the understanding of taboos of different cultures5. A Topic Outline SampleJan Eyre: A Woman in Defiance of Brute ForcesThesis statement:Jane Eyre overcomes many obstacles and shows that it is possible for a woman in the nineteenth century to achieve independence and success on her own, no matter what odds are against her.I. The first obstacle: her family backgroundA.A poor individual within a wealthy environment1.At Gateshead2.At Lowood School3.At ThornfieldB.Two means to overcome her family background1.D istance2.C hanceII. The most prominent obstacle: male powerA.A subtle way in bridging over the gender gapB.Jane’s biggest triumph over male powerIII. The constant obstacle: oppressionA.The stereotype upon JaneB.Jane’s struggle against the oppressionIV. The obstacle that perfects Jane: deathA.A series of death in Jane’s lifeB.A world of death and love6. A Sentence Outline SampleThesis Statement1.The first obstacle that Jane comes across is herfamily background.1.1 Jane is constantly a poor individual within awealthy environment.1.1.1 At Gateshead she is despised by her auntReed and her cousins John, Eliza, andGeorgiana1.1.2 At Lowood School she is further madeaware of all that she lacks.1.1.3 At Thornfield, her poverty createsnumerous problems for her.1.2 Jane is able to overcome her family backgroundby two means.1.2.1 She leaves Gateshead for Lowood andreturns with victory.1.2.2 She triumphs over her poverty by chance.2. The most prominent obstacle Jane faces is malepower.2.1 Jane bridges over the gender gap in a subtle way.2.2 Jane’s triump h over male power is her biggestone of all.3. A constant obstacle that remains throughout Jane’slife is oppression.3.1 The stereotype imposes oppression upon Jane.3.2 Jane struggles against the oppression.4. Death is an important obstacle that perfects Jane.4.1 A series of death makes Jane becomeindependent and successful.4.2 Jane faces a world of death and love.7. Typical errors in students’ outline writing1. Wrong outline symbols一. 二. 三. ….2. Unbalanced entries(coordination, subordination)3. A mixture of outline symbols or forms4. Entries beginning by verbs5. Wrong divisione.g. I. ……II. ……A. ……1. ……B. ……6. Capitalized letters7. The thesis statement: not a single sentence.07级某同学毕业论文4稿contents:CONTENTS1. Introduction (1)2. Typical errors of business English writing (1).1 The writing is not complete... 2. (2)2.1.1 Writer doesn’t answer all questions asked (2)2.1.2 Writer doesn’t volunteer something extra (3)2.1.3 Writer doesn’t check for the 5W2H and any other essential (3)2.2 The writing is not concise (4)2.2.1 Writer doesn’t omit trite expression (4)2.2.2 Writer doesn’t avoid wordy statements and unnecessary repetition (4)2.2.3 Writer doesn’t remove all the irrelevant facts in your message (5)2.3 The writing is not considerate...................................... . (5)2.3.1 Writer doesn’t use “you”attitude instead of “We” attitude (5)2.3.2 Writer doesn’t use some notable exceptions where “you” attitude is not suitable (5)2.4 The writing is not concrete (6)2.4.1 Using specific facts and figures (6)2.4.2 Using verbs of action (6)2.5 The writing is not clear (7)2.5.1 Writer doesn’t avoid using words or structures that cause ambiguity (7)2.5.2 Writer doesn’t be careful of the position of the attributives (7)2.5.3 Writer doesn’t be attentive to the position of nouns and pronouns (7)2.5.4 Writer doesn’t be careful of paragraph (8)2.6 The writing is not courteous (9)2.7 The writing is not correct (9)2.7.1 Writer doesn’t choose the correct level of language (9)2.7.2 Writer doesn’t have a good command of English (10)2.7.3 Writer doesn’t be careful of punctuation marks and their uses (10)3. Reasons for the typical errors caused (12)3.1 Cultural differences (12)3.1.1 Mother tongue influences (12)3.1.2 Different ways of thinking and writing (12)3.2 Ways of teaching business English writing (12)3.3 Attitude of writer and ways of learning business English writing (13)4. Consequences (13)5. Solutions (14)5.1 The foundation of good English (14)5.1.1 To create an appropriate tone (14)5.1.2 To select the appropriate writing style (14)5.1.3 To outline and organize the material before Writing (15)5.2 Tact Maxim (15)5.3 To build the scientific study system (16)6. Conclusion (17)7. Bibliography (17)CONTENTS1. Introduction .............................................................................. 错误！未定义书签。

精品解析：2024年安徽省中考英语真题(解析版)

考查动词辨析。guard保卫；offer提供；push推；cost花费。根据“Anhui has so much to…tourists”可知，此处指安徽可以提供给游客很多美景。故选B。
4.There can be some trouble at the beginning, but things will ________ well in the end.
3.With its famous mountains, lakes, and towns, Anhui has so much to ________ tourists.
A.guardB.offerC.pushD.cost
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：安徽有着著名的山脉、湖泊和城镇，可以为游客提供很多。
—He takes exercise every day.
A.quicklyB.difficultlyC.patientlyD.differently
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：——你爷爷爬山太快了，我跟不上他。——他每天都锻炼。
考查副词辨析。quickly快速地；difficultly困难地；patiently耐心地；differently不同地。根据“that I couldn’t keep up with him”可知，爷爷爬山很快，“我”跟不上。故选A。
A. B. C.
3. Who broke the glass?
A. Tom. B. The cat. C. Tom's mother.
4. Where can the woman get a new student card?
A. At the service center. B. In the dining hall. C. In the office building.

学术英语写作 Academic writingPPT课件

第9页/共22页
英文摘要的写法除了具有中、英文摘要的共性外，还有自己独特的个性，一般应符合以下几点要求：
1. 尽量用简、短的句子，避免句形单调，组织好句子，使动词尽量靠近主语，尽量用简短、词义清楚并为人熟知的词； E.g. the paper explores……
2. 用过去时态叙述作者所做的工作，用现在时态叙述作者得出的结果、结论，尽量用主动语态代替被动语态；（不出现人称主语，客观事实作主语表态时，要用被动） I induced three findings (×) / the experiment induced three findings(×) Three findings are induced from the experiment
(1) the author tells about
the writer
describes
the paper
explores
looks at
refers to
(2) the purpose of this paper is to V( presents, )
an investigation was designed to V( prove, generalize )
The author concludes that +S+V… The paper concludes (2) It is seen from Fig.4 that … the results are given in Fig.4 … In the last part of an abstract (1) It is suggested It is recommended + that +S+V … (2) The results suggest/show that …

期刊论文格式模板

期刊论文格式模板Title: Journal Paper Format TemplateIntroduction:In academic research, submitting a paper to a journal requires adhering to a specific format template. This article aims to provide a comprehensive guide to the format requirements of a journal paper. By following these guidelines, researchers can ensure that their work meets the expectations of the publishing journal.Abstract:The abstract should succinctly summarize the research topic, methodology, results, and conclusions of the study. It should be written in a concise and informative manner, limited to 250-300 words.Keywords:Include a list of relevant keywords that accurately describe the main themes of the paper. These keywords assist in indexing and improving the searchability of the article.1. Introduction:In this section, the author introduces the research problem, provides background information, and highlights the significance of the study. The introduction should generate interest among readers and clearly state the objectives of the research.2. Literature Review:This section presents a comprehensive review of the existing literature relevant to the research topic. It demonstrates the author's understanding of previous studies, identifies research gaps, and sets the context for the current investigation.3. Methodology:This section outlines the research design, materials, and methods employed in the study. It should provide sufficient details to enable other researchers to replicate the experiment. Include information on data collection, sample size, statistical analyses, and ethical considerations.4. Results:Present the findings of the study in a clear and concise manner. Use tables, graphs, and figures to enhance the presentation of data. Ensure that the results section is logically organized, highlighting key observations and trends.5. Discussion:Interpret the results obtained and relate them back to the research questions or hypotheses. Discuss the implications of the findings, including their strengths, limitations, and potential future research directions. Compare the results with previous studies and offer possible explanations for any discrepancies.6. Conclusion:Summarize the main findings of the study and restate their significance. Highlight the contributions made by the research, outline any practical or theoretical implications, and suggest areas for further investigation.7. References:Ensure that all sources cited in the paper are listed in a separate references section. Follow the citation style specified by the journal guidelines, such as APA, MLA, or Chicago. Double-check the accuracy of each reference to avoid any citation errors.8. Acknowledgments:If necessary, acknowledge individuals or organizations that have made significant contributions to the research, funding sources, or research ethics committees.9. Appendices:Include any additional supporting material that is not essential for the main body of the paper but can provide supplementary information or data.10. Formatting and Style:- Use a clear and legible font, such as Times New Roman or Arial, with a font size of 12 points.- Set margins to 1 inch on all sides.- Align text to justify.- Insert page numbers in the header or footer as per journal requirements.- Adhere to any additional style guidelines provided by the journal, such as section numbering, headings, or subheadings.Conclusion:Submitting a journal paper that meets the required format template is crucial to the acceptance and publication of research. By following the guidelines outlined in this article, researchers can effectively structure their papers, ensuring clarity, coherence, and adherence to the journal's requirements.。

英文论文答辩PPT模板(完美版) 1

Mixed methods research
This approach combines quantitative and qualitative methods to gain a more comprehensive understanding of research questions
Sample and Data Collection
04
Research results
Overview of Research Findings
01 The research question and its significance
02 The objectives and hypotheses of the study
03
A brief overview of the research methods and procedures
Techniques used to gather information from participants or observations, such as surveys, interviews, focus groups, observations, and documents
Sampling strategies
Ensure that all charts are clear, consistent, and easy to understand
Provide a brief caption or legend for each chart to explain its purpose and content clearly
Research Purpose and Significance
State the main purpose of your research and its significance in the field

教研提纲应该范文

教研提纲应该范文As an educator, it is essential to develop a teaching and research outline to guide one's educational practice. 教师们需要制定教研提纲来规划和指导他们的教学实践。

This document serves as a roadmap for curriculum design, lesson planning, and assessment strategies, helping teachers align their instruction with educational goals and standards. 这份文件可以作为课程设计、教案编写和评估策略的路线图，帮助教师调整他们的教学方式以达到教育目标和标准。

The pedagogical and research outline also supports the professional development of educators, as it encourages reflection, collaboration, and the continuous improvement of teaching practices. 教研提纲也支持教师的专业发展，因为它鼓励反思、合作以及不断改进的教学实践。

Therefore, it is crucial for educators to understand the components and purpose of a teaching and research outline. 因此，教师们需要了解教研提纲的组成和目的。

First and foremost, a teaching and research outline should clearly articulate the educational objectives and learning outcomes for the identified subject or course. 首先，教研提纲应该清晰地阐明所确定学科或课程的教育目标和学习成果。

学术英语范文outline

学术英语范文outlineIntroductionThe ability to effectively communicate in academic settings is a crucial skill for students and professionals alike. Academic English, also known as scholarly or scientific English, refers to the specific language conventions and writing styles used in formal educational and research contexts. This style of writing is characterized by its objectivity, precision, and adherence to established conventions. Mastering academic English is essential for success in higher education, research, and various professional fields that require the presentation of complex ideas and findings. This essay will explore the key elements of academic English, including its linguistic features, organizational structure, and the importance of developing proficiency in this specialized form of communication.Linguistic Features of Academic EnglishOne of the defining features of academic English is its formal and objective tone. This is achieved through the use of complex sentence structures, precise vocabulary, and an impersonal writing style. Academic writing typically avoids the use of contractions,colloquialisms, and personal pronouns, instead favoring more formal language choices. For example, a sentence such as "The researchers found that the new treatment was effective" would be preferred over a more casual phrasing like "They found the treatment worked well."Additionally, academic English is characterized by the use of discipline-specific terminology and technical jargon. This specialized vocabulary is essential for accurately conveying complex ideas and concepts within a particular field of study. Researchers and scholars must be able to use these terms correctly and consistently to ensure clear and unambiguous communication with their peers.Another linguistic aspect of academic English is the emphasis on precise and concise language. Academic writers strive to express their ideas clearly and succinctly, avoiding unnecessary wordiness or redundancy. This is achieved through the use of well-structured sentences, logical transitions, and a focus on conveying the key points and findings.Organizational Structure of Academic WritingThe organizational structure of academic writing is another crucial element that distinguishes it from other forms of communication. Academic essays and research papers typically follow a standardized format, which includes an introduction, body, and conclusion. The introduction serves to provide background information, establish thecontext, and clearly state the thesis or main argument. The body of the text then presents the supporting evidence, analysis, and discussion of the topic, often organized into well-defined sections or paragraphs. Finally, the conclusion summarizes the key points, draws logical inferences, and may suggest avenues for further research or exploration.Within this overall structure, academic writers also employ various rhetorical strategies to effectively convey their ideas. These strategies may include the use of definitions, explanations, comparisons, and the integration of relevant sources and citations. The inclusion of in-text citations and a comprehensive reference list is a hallmark of academic writing, as it demonstrates the writer's engagement with the existing scholarly discourse and their ability to properly acknowledge the work of others.Importance of Proficiency in Academic EnglishDeveloping proficiency in academic English is essential for success in higher education and various professional contexts. For students, the ability to write in the academic style is crucial for completing assignments, research papers, and thesis or dissertation projects. Mastering academic English allows students to effectively communicate their ideas, demonstrate their understanding of course material, and engage with scholarly sources in a meaningful way.Beyond the academic realm, proficiency in academic English is also highly valued in many professional fields, such as scientific research, medicine, law, and business. In these contexts, the ability to present complex information, data, and findings in a clear, concise, and well-organized manner is crucial for effective communication with colleagues, clients, and stakeholders. Professionals who can navigate the conventions of academic English are often better equipped to contribute to the knowledge base of their respective fields and participate in the broader scholarly discourse.Moreover, the globalization of education and research has further emphasized the importance of academic English proficiency. With the increasing internationalization of higher education and the growing prominence of English as the lingua franca of academia, the ability to communicate effectively in academic English has become a valuable asset for scholars, researchers, and students from diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds.ConclusionIn conclusion, academic English is a specialized form of communication that is essential for success in higher education and various professional contexts. Its linguistic features, such as formal tone, precise vocabulary, and complex sentence structures, as well as its standardized organizational structure, set it apart from other forms of written expression. Developing proficiency in academicEnglish is crucial for students and professionals alike, as it enables them to effectively convey complex ideas, engage with scholarly sources, and contribute to the knowledge base of their respective fields. As the global academic landscape continues to evolve, the mastery of academic English will only become more vital for those seeking to thrive in the world of research, education, and professional advancement.。

Outline&Abstract

How to write an Outline for a Scientific Paper?1. A brief idea of scientific writingA scientific paper usually consists of (a) a report of facts, (b) an interpretations of The facts. A scientific paper is intended to be studied and used as a reference; it is not merely to be read. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare a scientific paper concisely, purposefully, and informatively though all nonessential information should be cut off without reservation.2. General outlineAn examination of the papers published in the journals may reveal some kind of general patterns of an outline. Most outlines have to include the following constituents:A. Title. The title should consist of, usually, few words, indicative of the contents that are most emphasized. Brevity and comprehensiveness should be stressed so as to be made easy and accurate indexing.B. Abstract. An abstract is a brief condensation of the whole paper.C. A general introduction.a. Nature of the problem; it’s state at the beginning of the investigation.b. Purpose, scope, and method of the investigation.c. Most significant outcome of the investigation; the stare of the problem at the end of theinvestigation.D. Materials and methods.a. Description of the equipment and materials employed.b. Description of the way in which the work was done (Sufficient details and data provided toenable a competent worker to repeat the experiments herein described. New features are to be stressed)E. Experiments and results.a. Description of the experiments.b. Description and explanation of the results (give in tables and graphs where necessary).F. Discussion of the results.a. Main principles, casual relations, or generalizations that are shown by the results (just one ortwo main conclusions to be included to prove the new features of the work).b. Evidence (often given in the data form) for each of the main conclusions.c. Exceptions and opposing theories, and explanations of these.d. Comparison of the results and interpretations of the paper with those of the other comparableworkers.How to write an Abstract for a paper1. Position and Designation.The abstract (usually presented in distinctive type and without heading) of a paper has to be printed at the beginning of a paper, just below the title, where it is most convenient for the readers to cover. The modern, trend in scientific and technical journals is towards the adoption of this method. Abstracts of important articles are usually to be collected and published particularly in special forms annually for special branches of sciences.The abstract as a form of abridgement should be the same in content as the whole paper.2. PurposeIn preparing a title and an abstract for a paper» it is important to realize that the reader has to glance over many more papers than he has time to read. An abstract is there to help him by telling him more precisely what the paper covers. Also, if he is interested only in the main results and conclusions, the abstract gives him this information in brief form and saves him the difficulty for reading the whole paper. Incidently, if the abstract is well prepared by the author, it will be suitable for reprinting in an abstract journal.3. Nature and kinds of abstracts.To serve its purpose, an abstract should indicate clearly all the subjects dealt with in the paper, so that no reader interested in only one of these subjects will fail to have his attention directed to it. The abstract should also summarize briefly but clearly the principal new results and conclusions, especially all new information likely to be of interest to readers who are not specialists in the field. The abstract should be well arranged and expressed* so as to be easily read and understood, and also be self-explanatory , complete and clear in itself.4. PreparationKeeping in mind the dual purpose of the abstract, the abstractor should read his manuscript carefully, making notes (a) as to the subjects dealt with, particularly subjects concerning which new information is given incidently, and (b) as to the new results and conclusions reported. Material relating to each subject should then be gathered together; sentences summarising the material should be put together as to make a well-written abstract--brief, condensed, complete, yet readable.5. Sample abstractsA. A descriptive abstracts.Earth Satellite CommunicationsA giant step forward in the art or telecommunicationis now in the making. Unlike such advances in thepast, this one results not so much from new discoveriesin electronics or communications technique, but from man's rapidly increasing ability to overcome the raw forces of nature.Artificial earth satellites are the most recentbenefit from this growing power, and now enable manto place television 'weather eyes', radio repeaterstation and even communications switching centreshigh above the earth where they can serve very largeareas. This article surveys some of the fundamentalsof earth satellites and how they can be used fortele-communications. topicparticular nature benefits&. advantagessummary of the paperB. An informative abstractA proposal for Electrically Levitating MicromotorsMicromachined actuators and motors, occupying an area less than 1 mm2, have great potential in diverse applications. At presents however, the abilityof these micromotors to reach their full potentialis hampered by the presence of large frictionforces that play a dominant role in the dynamicbehavior. A novel design for substantiallyreducing or eliminating this friction by levitatingthe rotating disc of a variable-capacitanceelectric micromotor is proposed here.This design utilizes a resonant circuit drivenby a radio-frequency a.c. voltage source toachive stable levitation. The advantages ofthe proposed method include stable levitationwithout requiring a feed-back signal and itsability to produce torque and motion using identicaldesign components of micromotor. This paperanalyses the stability conditions necessary forthe levitation circuit to achieve open-loopstable levitation and presents the dynamic analysisof a micromotors with a levitated motor.The analysis is supported by digital simulationstudies. The proposed levitation methodcan be used in many microdevices that requirebearings and suspensions to enhance performance. topicproblem to solvednovel designor solutionto the problemadvantages of the novel designanalysis ofthe novel designprospect ofthe possible applications。

智能化矿井建设调研提纲范文

智能化矿井建设调研提纲范文英文版Intelligent Mine Construction Research OutlineBackground:The rapidly evolving technology in the field of mining and minerals extraction has led to the emergence of intelligent mines.The need for safer, more efficient, and environmentally friendly mining methods has driven the demand for intelligent mines.Objectives of the Research:To understand the current state of intelligent mine construction globally.To identify the key technologies and systems used in intelligent mines.To analyze the challenges and opportunities in the development of intelligent mines.To provide recommendations for the future of intelligent mine construction.Research Methodology:Conduct a literature review on intelligent mine construction.Interview experts in the field of mining technology and intelligent systems.Visit operational intelligent mines to collect first-hand data.Key Aspects to Explore:Technologies Used:Automation and RoboticsSensor Networks and Monitoring SystemsData Analytics and Artificial IntelligenceCommunication and Information TechnologyChallenges Faced:Technical and Operational BarriersSafety and Security ConcernsEnvironmental ImpactsCost and Economic FeasibilityOpportunities and Benefits:Improved Safety and EfficiencyResource Optimization and Cost SavingsEnvironmental Protection and SustainabilityInnovations and Future Growth ProspectsConclusion:Provide a comprehensive overview of the intelligent mine construction process.Highlight the key findings from the research.Offer recommendations for future research and development in the field.中文版智能化矿井建设研究提纲背景：采矿和矿物提取领域的技术快速发展，推动了智能化矿井的出现。

公务员考试调研提纲的格式及范文申论

公务员考试调研提纲的格式及范文申论When preparing for the civil service exam, one important aspect to consider is the format and content of the research outline for the essay portion. 在准备公务员考试时，一个重要的方面是考虑申论部分的调研提纲的格式和内容。

Having a well-structured outline can help organize thoughts, ensure all relevant points are covered, and make the essay more cohesive and coherent. 一个结构良好的提纲可以帮助组织思路，确保涵盖了所有相关要点，并使文章更具连贯性和一致性。

The format of the research outline typically includes an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. 调研提纲的格式通常包括引言、正文段落和结论。

In the introduction, the writer should provide background information on the topic, clearly state the main argument or thesis, and outline the key points that will be discussed in the essay. 在引言部分，作者应提供有关主题的背景信息，明确陈述主要论点或论文，并概述将在文章中讨论的关键要点。

This sets the stage for what the reader can expect to learn from the essay. 这为读者可以从文章中期待学到什么做好了铺垫。

research paper outline

RESEARCH PAPER OUTLINEBelow is a basic outline for any research paper and a description of what should be found in each section.I. Introduction. An introduction introduces the reader to your research paper. It does so by:A. communicating what your research question is (not in question form);B. explaining why that question is interesting and important to a general reader as well as to a political scientist, i.e. by identifying the debates it will illuminate; andC. providing a “road map” to the re st of the paper, i.e., your introduction contains at least one sentence summarizing each major section of your paper.II. Literature Review. A literature review presents to the reader the most important scholarly answers to date to your general research question. You should group the answers to your question into schools of thought, where the schools are defined by the different factors (or sets of factors) that are the most important for answering your question. Literature reviews necessarily uncover debates in the field and show exactly where and why the participants disagree. In the conclusion of your literature review, you should choose which school of thought you find most convincing and justify your answer. In addition, you should identify the most compelling alternative argument. To summarize, a literature review:A. explains the different possible answers to your general research question;B. develops a label or name for each school of thought;C. concludes by explaining to the reader which approach appears best and which seems second best. These choices are clearly justified.There are several common mistakes students make when writing the literature review:i) “I can’t find any literature….” How to find the “right places?” Make sure that you’ve stated the general form of your question properly. Once you’re satisfied that you have, a good place to start is ALWAYS your introductory textbook If, for example, the general question is why or under what conditions has voter participation in the U.S. declined, go to the table of contentsand/or index and look up voting and voter participation and see what your textbook authors say, and MORE IMPORTANTLY, what sources they cite. Your textbook authors will, undoubtedly, identify the schools of thought for you and tell you who the leading proponents of these views are. Then you need to read those works for yourself to get a better understanding of the arguments and debates.ii) “There is only one answer….” Students often think that their job in writing a research paper is to show that they have found THE ANSWER to the question. Therefore, when they find the answer they’re looking for, they stop looking for others. Very few questions in political science, however, are settled; there is almost always debate. Moreover, our understanding of any phenomenon improves when we acknowledge that debate exists and try to learn from the various participants in it. Again, if you go to your textbook, you’ll be able to find the debate easily; otherwise, if you happen upon a good scholarly article or book, you can use that author’s literature review to help you understand what the different possible answers to your question are. iii) Perspectives but not answers. As you may have noticed from some of your courses or your research, there are several general perspectives out there – institutionalism, the political culture school, constructivism, materialism, the rational choice perspective, or realism, to name a few. Any one of these general perspectives might be helpful to you in answering your question. But if you choose to put forth an answer consistent with one of these perspectives, be sure that you do more than simply explain the philosophical underpinnings of that approach. You must answer your question in a manner consistent with the perspective.iv) Summary of sources. Sometimes students take the first few sources they find on the subject,write a paragraph summary of each source, and call that a literature review. There are a couple of problems with that approach. First, while there may be one leading exponent of a particular view, most of the time you want to cite several sources for each approach. Remember, you’re looking for a school of thought. That phrase implies that several different people share a particular view. Second, sometimes in presenting summaries, students don’t realize that several of their articles actually make similar arguments and belong in the same school. A good way to avoid the literature-review-as-summary mistake is to give your schools of thought names that focus attention on the key explanations. For instance, in the case of voter decline, you could identify “The Satisfied Citizen,” “The Disgusted Citizen,” and “The Registration is Too Easy” schools. III. Model and Hypothesis. The ideas developed in this section follow directly from the Literature Review. For your preferred school of thought and the most compelling challenger, you need to generate a model. In other words, you need to determine what causes (independent variables) lead to what outcomes (dependent variable). You can actually indicate your model in the text as:Model for the Abstract School:XYZ(or less abstractly for a paper on ethnic conflict):Model of the “Clash of Civilizations” Schoollevels of globalization in a stateintensity of ethnic conflictgeographical closeness of different ethnic groupsThe hypothesis then provides in words the way in which these variables are related.Continuing with the example above, the hypothesis would be: the higher the levels ofglobalization within a state and the geographically closer are its different ethnic groups, the more intense is ethnic conflict. You must develop a model and hypothesis for your preferred school of thought and its best challenger. To summarize, the Model and Hypothesis section:A. identifies two different models. Each share the same dependent variable (outcome), butoffer different independent variables (causes). You should actually include flow diagrams or causal chains in your paper.B. develops two competing hypotheses. Each explains how variations in the independentvariables from competing models affect the dependent variable. (Typically, the statement of a hypothesis looks something like “the more of X, the more of Y” or “the less of X, the less o f Y.”)III. Research Design. In this section, you explain exactly how you are going to conduct your research and why your research strategy will help you answer your question as accurately as possible. In this section, social science researchers often acknowledge the imperfections in their definitions, data, or cases and explain why these choices were the best possible given real-world constraints. For our purposes, you research design section will consist of the followingA. Variables: Exactly what are you trying to explain (dependent variable) and what factors (independent variables) do you think cause or are correlated with this outcome.B. Measurement: How are you going to measure your variables? Not necessarily a simple question to answer. If national income or inflation or voter participation rates are your variables, you’ve got an easy job, but what if you are trying to measure levels of power in the international system or citizen efficacy? You need to come up with ways to measure these variables. Most of the time you’ll borrow a measurement strategy from an established scholar, but you still need toexplain it and justify your choice in your own words.C. Case Selection: What case(s) are you studying and why? (In other words, exactly what instances of the general phenomenon are you going to study. If your question is about voting behavior, for example, which elections, which voters, etc. and why . If your question is about the conflict and peace process in Northern Ireland, exactly what time periods and why.) To what extent does this choice help you understand the general phenomenon under investigation? (Will your study allow you to apply your insights to related cases? Why or why not?)D. Data Sources: Where are you going to get your information? What kinds of information are you going to seek? Why are you confident that these are the best possible sources of data on your topic?IV. Data Analysis. In this section, you evaluate the performance of your hypothesis and its best competitor across th e cases you have identified. This is the “meat” of the paper, what you are used to spending most of your time on. For instance, if you are investigating why the Gulf War occurred, the data analysis section would be where you explained exactly what happened on the eve of the Gulf War. But what is different in this paper from what you are used to doing is that here you are evaluating the quality of two different hypotheses. In other words, you are looking to see whether the factors you’ve identified as the mo st important really are correlated with the outbreak of war and whether the logical connection appears to hold. Moreover, you also look to see whether the challenger could be correct. So, to write this section you need to find out the “values” (these need not be quantitative) for your variables (independent and dependent). This can entail tracking down information from government or international agencies (inflation rates, poverty rates, income levels, numbers of wars) or it can mean examining the historical record and determining (given your measurement strategy) these factors (levels of violence, citizen efficacy) during a particular time period. Then, you need to present this data to the reader to show clearly how (or whether) factors are related to resul ts. You should use text to tell the “story” and charts, where possible, to summarize your findings.V. Conclusion. What can you conclude from all your work? What did you learn? In other words: A. Which answer/hypothesis looks best to you now? Examine how hard you had to work to make the data/facts “fit” the different hypotheses. The one in which the data fits with the least work is your better explanation. While you may find that one is clearly better, you may also discover that neither is very good, both are good, or that one works in some cases and the other works in others. This is OK. Just think carefully about why what you found is so and explain it.B. What are the implications of your findings? If your findings are right, what does that mean for other similar instances? (Can you extend your findings to other time periods, other states, elections, parts of the world, etc?)C. What are the limitations of your findings? What about your research design and access to data raises questions about the generalizability of your findings?D. If you had the time, money, and/or desire, what other questions would you ask to continue this line of research in a fruitful and interesting manner?。

week_12_sentence_outline_with_research_512-515

Adds any final thoughts
How Will My Final Outline Look?
Your Final Outline Should Look Something Like This:
Thesis Statement 1st major point 2nd major point 3rd major point (etc.) 1st major point Supporting details (3-5) Transition
Works Cited Entries
You should have started your works cited page. 1. The title: Works Cited
2. Entries are not numbered.
3. Use hanging indentation.
4. Use abbreviations for dates used in the entries.
Support evidence: Government officials—particularly policemen—are known to accept bribes.
Research: According to The Bangkok Post, a brothel in Hat Yai was busted last year. Chuvit Kamolvisit claimed the ―brothel allegedly paid 40,000-50,000 baht‖ a month to police‖ to be permitted to continue their services.
Your 3rd Major Point

学术英语(理工)Unit5

Learning Method
01
Inquiry-based learning
Students will engage in hands-on activities and experiments to
explore the topic and develop their understanding.
Grammar and Sentence Patterns
非谓语动词用法多
非谓语动词在本单元中频繁出现，包括不定式、现在分词和过去分词等。学生需要了解这些非谓语动词的用法和区别，以便在写作中更加灵活地运用。
Reading and Writing
阅读材料难度大写作要求高
本单元的阅读材料涉及大量专业知识和理论，语言难度较高。学生需要具备较好的阅读能力和技巧，如快速阅读、归纳总结等，才能有效理解文章内容。
Vocabulary and expression
抽象概念多
本单元涉及许多抽象的概念和理论，如量子力学、电路分析等。学生需要具备较好的逻辑思维和推理能力，才能理解这些概念和理论的含义。
Vocabulary and expression
表达方式多样
为了更好地理解和应用科学和工程知识，学生需要掌握多种表达方式，如公式、图表、示意图等。此外，学生还需要了解如何将这些表达方式与英语语言结合起来，以清晰地传达信息。
Students will work in groups to complete projects and tasks,
enhancing their teamwork and协作精神.
Learning Resources
01
Textbooks
The official textbook for this unit is "Science and Technology in Society: An Introduction to the Principles and Applications".

英语作文outline范例

英语作文outline范例Outline:I. Introduction。

A. Background information on the topic。

B. Importance of the topic。

C. Thesis statement。

II. The Negative Effects of Social Media。

A. Cyberbullying。

B. Addiction。

C. Decreased face-to-face communication skills。

D. Negative impact on mental health。

III. The Positive Effects of Social Media。

A. Increased connectivity。

B. Access to information and resources。

C. Opportunities for self-expression and creativity。

D. Positive impact on mental health。

IV. Balancing the Negative and Positive Effects of Social Media。

A. Setting limits and boundaries。

B. Using social media for positive purposes。

C. Seeking support and help when needed。

V. Conclusion。

A. Restate thesis statement。

B. Summarize main points。

C. Final thoughts on the topic。

The Positive and Negative Effects of Social Media。

I. Introduction。

学术论文写作考试题精选全文完整版

可编辑修改精选全文完整版学术论文写作考试题1.What is term paper?In the university grade stage. It is usually accomplished under the guidance of experience teachers to gain the final credit.2.Define the readability of thesis.The text is smoothly, simple, clear chart, well-organized order and brief conclusion. 3.What are the principles and methods of selecting a subject of study?Focused up-to-date under control4.How is the first-hand source distinguished from the second-hand source?F is original opinions S is the original view reviews and comments5.What are the 4 kinds of note in the subject selection?Summary Paraphrase Direct Quotation Comment6.What are the two main kinds of outline? In what subjects do they cater to respectively?Mixed outline: used in humanities and social sciencesNumerical outline: used in science7.Give reasons of submitting a research proposalFirst, you have a good topic.Second, you have the ability to complete the paper.Third, you have a feasible research plan.8.How many components are there in the research proposal? What are they? Title Introduction Literature review Method Result Discussion Preliminary bibliography9.What is the use of literature review?Understand the background.Familiar the problemsHave a ability of preminary assessment and comprehensive the literature.10.What is abstract?Abstract is a concise and comprehensive summary or conclusion.11.What are the main components of abstract?Objective or purpose Process and methods Results Conclusion12.What is the use of conclusion in the thesis?It emphasized the most important ideas or conclusion clearly in this paper.13.What parties is the acknowledgment usually addressed to?For the tutor and teachers who give suggestion, help and support.For the sponsorFor the company or person which provide the dataFor other friends14.Specify MLA formatIt is widely used in the field of literature, history and so on.Pay attention in the original of the Reference.15.Specify Chicago formatThe subject of general format, used for books, magazines and so on.Divided into the humanities style and the author data system.16.Define footnotes.Also called the note at the end of the page. Appeared in the bottom of every page. 17.Define end-notes.Also called Concentrated note or end-notes appear in thetext.18.M：monographA: choose an article from the proceedings.J: academic journalD: academic dissertationR: research reportC: collected papersN: newspaper article19.Tell briefly about the distinctions between thesis and dissertation.Dissertation defined as a long essay that you do as part of a degree or other qualification. It refers to B.AThesis defined as a long piece of writing, based on your own ideas and research, that you do as part of a university degree. It refers to Ph.D.20.What are the general features of the thesis title?As much as possible use nouns, prep, general phrase and so on.The title can be used to express an Non-statement sentence.The first letter of the notional word in the title should be capital.Be cautious using abbreviations and try not to use punctuation marks.Remove unnecessary articles and extra descriptive words.21.What is the introduction of the research proposal concerned with?Research question Rationale Method FindingsDesign sample instruments22.How is abstract defined to American national standards institute?It is a concise summary of your work.Abstract should state the objectives of the project describe the methods used, summarize the significant findings and state the implications of the findings.23.How is thesis statement understood?It usually at the final part of the introduction in order that the readers could understood the central idea as quickly as possible. It is the point of view and attitude of the statement.1. Have a brief comment upon the study of ESPSpecial use English also called English for specific purpose. It includes tourism English, finance English, medical English, business English, engineering English, etc. In the 1960s, ESP is divided into scientific English, business English and social sciences, each branch can be divided into professional English and academic English.2. What is the research methods of literature?The external research : from society, history, age, environment and so on relationship to study.The internal research: from the works of rhyme, text, images, symbols and specific level to composed the text.3.Have a brief comment upon the study of interpretation.At present, people in the academia mainly focus on these topics, such as interpreting training, interpreting practices and so on. According to its mean of transfer, interpretation can be divided for simultaneous interpretation, consecutive interpretation, whispering interpretation; According to different occasions and interpretation, it can be divided into the meeting interpretation, contact interpretation, media interpretation,etc.4.What is the analytic method in the study of linguistics?In linguistics, analytic method means to make some analysisand decomposition on the various elements of a language according to different research purposes and requirements, and to separate them from the interconnected entirety respectively and extract general and special method.5.In what respects is phonetics studies in the current research?Study on the phonology remains to be further studied, such as Chinese language learning and English phonology, phonological number is still worth discussing. Comparative study of phonology is worth advocating. The combination of researching and teaching for phonetics is also a major focus of current research.6. What is the deductive in linguistics?Deduction is the method to deduce from the general to the special, namely from the general principles of known to conclusions about the individual objects. he deductive method is also known as the study of testing hypothesis.1.What is term paper?2.Define the readability of thesis.3.What are the principles and methods of selecting a subject of study?4.How is the first-hand source distinguished from the second-hand source?5.What are the 4 kinds of note in the subject selection?6.What are the two main kinds of outline? In what subjects do they cater to respectively?7.Give reasons of submitting a research proposal8.How many components are there in the research proposal? What are they?9.What is the use of literature review?10.What is abstract?11.What are the main components of abstract?12.What is the use of conclusion in the thesis?13.What parties is the acknowledgment usually addressed to?14.Specify MLA format15.Specify Chicago format16.Define footnotes.17.Define end-notes.18.Tell briefly about the distinctions between thesis and dissertation.19.What are the general features of the thesis title?20.What is the introduction of the research proposal concerned with?21.How is abstract defined to American national standards institute?22.How is thesis statement understood?。

建设单位调研提纲模板范文

建设单位调研提纲模板范文英文回答：As a construction company, conducting research is an essential part of our work. It helps us gather information, analyze data, and make informed decisions. In order to conduct effective research, it is important to have a well-structured research outline. Here is a template that can be used as a guideline for conducting research:1. Introduction:Provide a brief overview of the research topic.State the purpose of the research and the objectives to be achieved.2. Background Information:Provide relevant background information about theresearch topic.Include any previous research or studies conductedon the topic.3. Research Questions:Clearly define the research questions that need tobe answered.Ensure that the research questions are specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART).4. Methodology:Describe the research methodology to be used.Explain the data collection methods, such as surveys, interviews, or observations.Discuss the sample size and sampling technique.Outline the data analysis techniques to be employed.5. Data Collection:Explain how the data will be collected.Provide details about the tools or instruments to be used.Discuss any ethical considerations related to data collection.6. Data Analysis:Describe how the collected data will be analyzed.Explain the statistical or qualitative analysis techniques to be used.Discuss any software or tools that will be utilized for data analysis.7. Results and Findings:Present the results and findings of the research.Use graphs, charts, or tables to illustrate the data.Interpret the results and discuss their implications.8. Conclusion and Recommendations:Summarize the main findings of the research.Provide recommendations based on the research findings.Discuss any limitations or areas for further research.中文回答：作为一家建设单位，进行调研是我们工作的重要组成部分。

How-to-write-outline

4 Important Reasons to Outline1. It makes writing easier - Once you have an outline ready, you know what comes first, next,and last. This makes writing a piece of cake.2. It helps your ebook have balance - A good outline helps you see where your ebook lackssubstance. You can clearly see what sub-topics need more content.3. It makes reading easier - Because you took the time to make sure the ebook has structure,it makes it easier to read and comprehend.4. It motivates you to write - This is the first step in the writing process, so knowing thatalmost 50% of the work is already done, you’re more likely to sit down and write and follow the path you’ve already created.Identify your main categories. Based on both the larger purpose of the work and the nature of the supporting material you have found, determine how best to break your larger topic down into logical categories. These will form the first level of your outline, which is traditionally labeled with Roman numerals (I, II, III, IV, etc.).∙When writing books, it is very common to devote one category to each paragraph: I. would be the intro paragraph, II. would be the first body paragraph, and so on.∙Ex. If presenting a historical overview of the car, each category might cover a major era in the car’s history.Think of at least two points for each category. Select these subpoints based on both the purpose of your paper and the list of supporting materials you gathered earlier. These will form the second level of your outline, which is traditionally labeled in letters of the English alphabet (A, B, C, D, etc.).∙Indent the second level of your outline 0.5 to 1 inch past the first level.∙Ex. If presenting a historical overview of the car, each point might cover a typical engine model during that era.Expand upon your points with subpoints if necessary. This will maximize the logicalgrounding of your essay work. Put these in the third level of your outline, which is traditionally labeled in numbers (1, 2, 3, 4, etc.).∙Should you need to go another layer deeper into your outline, use lowercase Roman numerals (i, ii, iii, iv, etc.), then lowercase letters (a, b, c, d, etc.) and then finally switch to numbers (1, 2, 3, 4, etc.).∙It is unlikely you will need to have more than 4 layers in your outline. Consider combining points if this is the case.∙Ex. If presenting a historical overview of the car, each sub-point might address a technological innovation for that engine model.Present your material in outline form. Order your categories, points, and subpoints so as to lay out your larger purpose for the reader, using indented levels of Roman numerals and regular numbers as demonstrated below.∙Make sure your outline is internal ly consistent; if you’re writing a compare and contrast, for example, make sure that you compare the same aspects of each item for a true side-by-side comparison.Samples:/Sample/Research-Outline/Sample/Literature-Outline/Sample/Compare-and-Contrast-OutlineBook Outline StructureMain Topic – HeadlineIntroduction Paragraph∙Sub-HeadlinesContent Paragraphs∙Closing Sub-HeadlineClosing ParagraphAs for your ebook, add specific examples and action steps. Why do I suggest doing this?Because you want your ebook to not only teach, but motivate and get your readers to take action.This is how they get results and this is how you get awesome testimonials.This is the brainstorming part of the process, so I highly recommend you put in the time and effort into your outline so that the writing doesn’t become an issue later.。

专题研究工作大纲

专题研究工作大纲(中英文版)**Research Outline for Special Topic Study****Introduction**The purpose of this research outline is to provide a comprehensive plan for investigating a specific topic in depth.This outline will guide the researcher through the various stages of the research process, from selecting a research question to presenting the findings.**研究概述**本研究大纲旨在为深入研究特定主题提供一个全面的计划。

该大纲将引导研究者通过研究的各个阶段，从选择研究问题到展示研究结果。

**Research Question and Objectives**The research question for this study is: "What are the factors that contribute to the success of sustainable development projects in urban areas?" The objectives of the research are to identify these factors and to propose a framework for evaluating the success of such projects.**研究问题和目标**本研究的问题是：“城市地区可持续开发项目成功的因素是什么？”研究的目标是识别这些因素，并提出一个评估此类项目成功的框架。

**Literature Review**A thorough literature review will be conducted to identify existing theories and models related to sustainable development and todetermine the gaps in the current knowledge base.This review will also help in refining the research questions and objectives.**文献综述**将进行彻底的文献综述，以识别与可持续开发相关的现有理论和模型，并确定当前知识库中的空白。

paper outline格式

paper outline格式
论文概述格式一般包含以下几个部分：
一、题目和作者信息
-论文题目：简明扼要地表明研究主题
-作者信息：包括作者的姓名、学校或机构、联系方式等
二、引言部分
-研究背景：概括性地介绍研究的背景和意义
-目的和目标：说明研究的目的、目标和研究问题
-方法和途径：简要描述研究所采用的方法和途径，如实验、调查、文献分析等
三、论文正文部分
根据自身研究内容不同可以分为多个章节，以下是一个例子：
1.理论框架
-理论背景：介绍当前领域的研究现状和相关理论
-研究目标：具体阐述本研究的目标和意义
-理论框架：对研究所采用的理论进行详细介绍和解释
2.方法与数据
-方法选择：介绍研究所采用的具体方法，如实验设计、样本选择等
-数据收集：描述研究所采集的数据来源和具体步骤
-数据分析：说明数据处理和统计分析的方法和工具
3.研究结果
-结果呈现：详细陈述研究所得到的结果，可以借助图表进行呈现-结果分析：分析结果的意义和对研究问题的回答或解释
4.讨论与结论
-讨论结果：根据研究结果，进行深入的讨论和分析，与理论框架进行连接
-结论总结：总结研究的主要发现和结论
-局限性与展望：指出研究的局限性，并提出未来研究的方向和建议
四、参考文献部分
列举研究过程中所引用的文献信息，遵循相应的引用格式。

五、致谢部分
对在研究过程中提供帮助或支持的个人或机构表示感谢。

以上是一份一般性的论文概述格式，具体写作可以根据自己的研究内容进行调整和补充。