诺贝尔奖.知多少 英语词汇学习doc
英语练习NobelPrize（诺贝尔奖）
英语练习NobelPrize（诺贝尔奖）The Nobel PrizeThe Nobel Price is an international award given yearly since 1901 for achievements in physics, chemistry, medicine, literature and for peace. In 1968, the Bank of Sweden instituted (set up) the Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, founder of the Nobel Prize.The Prize Winners are announced in October every year. They receive their awards (a prize amount, a gold medal and a diploma) on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel's death.诺贝尔奖包括金质奖章、证书和奖金支票。
包括物理学、化学、生理学(或医学)、文学、经济学、和平奖。
物理学奖和化学奖由瑞典皇家科学院评定，生理学或医学奖由瑞典皇家卡罗林医学院评定，文学奖由瑞典文学院评定，和平奖由挪威诺贝尔委员会选出。
1968年又增设了经济学奖，奖金由瑞典中央银行提供，委托瑞典皇家科学院评定。
The Nobel Price is an ______ ______given yearly since _____ for achievements in _____, _____,______, _____ and for _____. In 1968, the Bank of Sweden instituted the Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, _____ of the Nobel Prize.Announcement time: __________Awards: ______, _______, _______December 10: the anniversary of ________.All Nobel Laureates777 individuals and 20 organizations have been awarded the Nobel Prize.Alfred Nobel - The Man Behind the Nobel PrizeSince 1901, the Nobel Prize has been honoring men and women from all corners of the globe for outstanding achievements in physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, and for work in peace. The foundations for the prize were laid in 1895 when Alfred Nobel wrote his last will, leaving much of his wealth to the establishment of the Nobel Prize. But who was Alfred Nobel? Articles, photographs, a slide show and poetry written by Nobel himself are presented here to give a glimpse of a man whose varied interests are reflected in the prize he established. Meet Alfred Nobel - scientist, inventor, entrepreneur, author and pacifist. Since ____, the Nobel Prize has been honoring _____ and _____ from all corners of the globe for outstanding achievements in _____, _____, _____, _____, and for work in _____. The foundations for the prize were laid in _____ when Alfred Nobel wrote his ____ _____, leaving much of his _____ to the ______ of the Nobel Prize. But who was Alfred Nobel? _____, _____, a _____ ____ and _____ written by Nobel himself are presented here to give a glimpse of a man whose _____ _____ are reflected in the prize he established. Meet Alfred Nobel - _____, _____, _____, _____ and _____.The Nobel Prize AwardersWho selects the Nobel Laureates? In his last will and testament, Alfred Nobel specifically designated the institutions responsible for the prizes he wished to be established:1. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences forthe Nobel Prize in Physics and Chemistry 2. Karolinska Institute for the Nobel Prize inPhysiology or Medicine3. The Swedish Academy for the Nobel Prize inLiterature4. A Committee of five persons to be elected bythe Norwegian Parliament (Storting) for theNobel Peace Prize.5. In 1968, the Sveriges Riksbank establishedthe Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economics in Memory of Alfred Nobel. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences was given the task toselect the Economics Prize Laureatesstarting in 1969.Nomination for the Nobel PrizesEach year the respective Nobel Committees send individual invitations to thousands of members of academies, university professors, scientists from numerous countries, previous Nobel Laureates, members of parliamentary assemblies and others, asking them to submit candidates for the Nobel Prizes for the coming year. These nominators are chosen in such a way that as many countries and universities as possible are represented over time.Each year the _____ Nobel Committees send individual invitations to thousands of _____ of academies, university ______, _____ from numerous countries, previous Nobel _____, _____ of parliamentary assemblies and _____, asking them to submit ______ for the Nobel Prizes for the _____ year. These ______ are chosen in such a way that as many countries and universities as possible are _represented_____ over time.Nobel Prize AnnouncementsThe announcement of the Nobel Laureates for the year is made on the same day that the Nobel Prize-Awarding Institutions choose from among the names recommended by the respective Nobel Committees. Immediately after the vote, a press conference is held by the concerned Nobel Prize Awarder.Announcements of the 2008 Nobel Prizes and The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel will be held on the following dates:Physiology or Medicine - Monday, October 6, 11:30 a.m. CETat the earliestPhysics - Tuesday, October 7, 11:45 a.m. CET at the earliest Chemistry - Wednesday, October 8, 11:45 a.m. CET at the earliestPeace - Friday, October 10, 11:00 a.m. CETEconomics - Monday, October 13, 1:00 p.m. CET at the earliestAccording to tradition, the Swedish Academy will set the date for its announcement of the Nobel Prize in Literature later.The _____ of the Nobel Laureates for the year is made on the _____ day that the NobelPrize-Awarding Institutions choose from among the names _____ by the respective Nobel Committees. Immediately after the _____, a press _____ is held by the concerned Nobel Prize Awarder.The Nobel Prize Award CeremoniesThe Nobel Laureates take center stage in Stockholm on 10 _____ when they receive the Nobel Prize _____, Nobel Prize _____ and _____ confirming the Nobel Prize amount from King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden. In Oslo, the Nobel_____ Prize Laureates receive their Nobel _____ Prize from the Chairman of the Norwegian Nobel Committee in the presence of King Harald V of Norway. An important part is the presentation of the Nobel _____ by the Nobel _____. In Stockholm, the lectures are presented days_____ the Nobel Prize Award Ceremony. In Oslo, the NobelLaureates deliver their lectures _____ the Nobel Peace Prize Award Ceremony.Summary & Translation of Nobel Prize诺贝尔奖是一项授予在物理、化学、医学、文学和和平界杰出贡献的国际奖项，奖项获得者每年10月份公布，获得的奖项包括奖金、金牌和证书，在12月10号--诺贝尔去世纪念日—颁奖。
The Nobel Prizes(诺贝尔奖ppt)
Nominations
The Nobel Committees in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature and Economic Sciences each usually receives 250-300 names every year. 237 names were submitted for the 2010 Nobel Peace Prize, and this is the highest number of nominations for the Nobel Peace Prize ever. The names of all the nominees cannot be revealed until 50 years later.
在他的最后的遗嘱中，诺贝尔留下了 他的大部分财产来设立诺贝尔奖。诺贝尔 逝世后，这份遗嘱在瑞典及国际上引起了 巨大的争论。他的家人反对诺贝尔奖的建 立，同时诺贝尔指定的授奖者也拒绝按他 遗嘱中的要求做。直到五年后的1901年， 诺贝尔奖才第一次颁发。
Prize in Economic Sciences
The Nobel Prize in Physics
Laureates : Serge Haroche, David J. Wineland
Serge Haroche
David J. Wineland
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2012 was awarded jointly to Serge Haroche and David J. Wineland "for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems"
诺贝尔奖英语介绍
Fraternity [frə„tɜːnɪtɪ] ：n. 友爱 Abolition [æbə„lɪʃ(ə)n] ：n.废除，废 止 Standing army:常备军队
Nobel Literature Prize / Nobel Prize in literature 诺 贝尔文学奖 Nobel Literature Prize has been awarded annually to an author from any country who has, in the words from the will of Alfred Nobel, produced "in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction".
Mourn: [mɔːn] v. 哀悼；忧伤；服丧 Monumengt: ['mɒnjʊm(ə)nt] n. 纪念碑；历史遗迹；不朽的作品 vt. 为…树碑
Nobel Chemistry Prize /Nobel Prize in chemistry 诺贝尔化学奖
The prize is awarded for the most important discoveries or improvement in chemistry. The award is presented in Stockholm at an annual ceremony on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel's death.
Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine诺贝尔生理 学或医学奖
This prize is awarded once a year for outstanding contributions in the medical field.
The Nobel Prize诺贝尔奖
The origin of the Nobel PrizeThe Nobel Prize resulted form a late change in the will of Alfred Nobel, who did not want to be remembered after his death as a propagator of violence - he invented dynamite.Alfred Nobel's willAlfred Nobel's will from November 25, 1895Five Nobel Prizes were instituted by the final will of Alfred Nobel, a Swedish chemist and industrialist, who was the inventor of the high explosive dynamite. Though Nobel wrote several wills during his lifetime, the last was written a little over a year before he died, and signed at the Swedish-Norwegian Club in Paris on 27 November 1895. Nobel bequeathed 94% of his total assets, 31 million Swedish Kronor, to establish and endow the five Nobel Prizes.(As of 2008 that equates to 186 million US dollars.)“ The whole of my remaining realizable estate shall be dealt with in the following way:The capital shall be invested by my executors in safe securities and shall constitute a fund, the interest on which shall be annually distributed in the form of prizes to those who, during the preceding year, shall have conferred the greatest benefit on mankind. The said interest shall be divided into five equal parts, which shall be apportioned as follows: one part to the person who shall have made the most important discovery or invention within the field of physics; one part to the person who shall have made the most important chemical discovery or improvement; one part to the person who shall have made the most important discovery within the domain of physiology or medicine; one part to the person who shall have produced in the field of literature the most outstanding work of an idealistic tendency; and one part to the person who shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity among nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses.The prizes for physics and chemistry shall be awarded by the Swedish Academy of Sciences; that for physiological or medical works by Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm; that for literature by the Academy in Stockholm; and that for champions of peace by a committee of five persons to be elected by the Norwegian Storting. It is my expressed wish that in awarding the prizes no consideration whatever shall be given to the nationality of the candidates, so that the most worthy shall receive the prize, whether he be Scandinavian or not.”—Alfred Nobel, Alfred Nobel's WillAlthough Nobel's will established the prizes, his plan was incomplete and, due to various other hurdles, it took five years before the Nobel Foundation could be established and the first prizes awarded on 10 December 1901.The current size of the Nobel endowment fund is about $400 million USD.The Nobel Prize (Swedish pronunciation: [noˈbɛl], Swedish definite form, singular: Nobelpriset; Norwegian: Nobelprisen) is a set of annual international awards bestowed in a number of categories by Swedish and Norwegian committees in recognition of cultural and/or scientific advances. The will of the Swedish inventor Alfred Nobel established the prizes in 1895. The prizes in Physics, Chemistry,Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace were first awarded in 1901. The related Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Scienceswas created in 1968. Between 1901 and 2012, the Nobel Prizes and the Prize in Economic Sciences were awarded 555 times to 856 people and organizations. With some receiving the Nobel Prize more than once, this makes a total of 835 individuals and 21 organizations.The Peace Prize is awarded in Oslo, Norway, while the other prizes are awarded in Stockholm, Sweden. The Nobel Prize is widely regarded as the most prestigious award available in the fields of literature, medicine, physics, chemistry, peace, and economics.The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awards the Nobel Prize in Physics, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, and the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences; the Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet awards the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine; theSwedish Academy grants the Nobel Prize in Literature; and the Nobel Peace Prize is not awarded by a Swedish organisation but by the Norwegian Nobel Committee.The various prizes are awarded yearly. Each recipient, or laureate, receives a gold medal, a diploma and a sum of money, which is decided by the Nobel Foundation. As of 2012, each prize was worth 8 million SEK (c. US$1.2 million, €0.93 million). The prize is not awarded posthumously; however, if a person is awarded a prize and dies before receiving it, the prize may still be presented. Though the average number of laureates per prize increased substantially during the 20th century, a prize may not be shared among more than three people.诺贝尔奖（瑞典的发音： [ nobɛl瑞典正定的形式，奇异： Nobelpriset挪威：Nobelprisen ）是一组安置在多个类别的一年一度的国际奖项由瑞典和挪威的委员会，以表彰文化和/或科学进步。
英语练习 Nobel Prize(诺贝尔奖)
The Nobel PrizeThe Nobel Price is an international award given yearly since 1901 for achievements in physics, chemistry, medicine, literature and for peace. In 1968, the Bank of Sweden instituted (set up) the Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, founder of the Nobel Prize.The Prize Winners are announced in October every year. They receive their awards (a prize amount, a gold medal and a diploma) on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel's death.诺贝尔奖包括金质奖章、证书和奖金支票。
包括物理学、化学、生理学(或医学)、文学、经济学、和平奖。
物理学奖和化学奖由瑞典皇家科学院评定，生理学或医学奖由瑞典皇家卡罗林医学院评定，文学奖由瑞典文学院评定，和平奖由挪威诺贝尔委员会选出。
1968年又增设了经济学奖，奖金由瑞典中央银行提供，委托瑞典皇家科学院评定。
The Nobel Price is an ______ ______given yearly since _____ for achievements in _____, _____,______, _____ and for _____. In 1968, the Bank of Sweden instituted the Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, _____ of the Nobel Prize.Announcement time: __________Awards: ______, _______, _______December 10: the anniversary of ________.All Nobel Laureates777 individuals and 20 organizations have been awarded the Nobel Prize.Alfred Nobel - The Man Behind the Nobel PrizeSince 1901, the Nobel Prize has been honoring men and women from all corners of the globe for outstanding achievements in physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, and for work in peace. The foundations for the prize were laid in 1895 when Alfred Nobel wrote his last will, leaving much of his wealth to the establishment of the Nobel Prize. But who was Alfred Nobel? Articles, photographs, a slide show and poetry written by Nobel himself are presented here to give a glimpse of a man whose varied interests are reflected in the prize he established. Meet Alfred Nobel - scientist, inventor, entrepreneur, author and pacifist. Since ____, the Nobel Prize has been honoring _____ and _____ from all corners of the globe for outstanding achievements in _____, _____, _____, _____, and for work in _____. The foundations for the prize were laid in _____ when Alfred Nobel wrote his ____ _____, leaving much of his _____ to the ______ of the Nobel Prize. But who was Alfred Nobel? _____, _____, a _____ ____ and _____ written by Nobel himself are presented here to give a glimpse of a man whose _____ _____ are reflected in the prize he established. Meet Alfred Nobel - _____, _____, _____, _____ and _____.The Nobel Prize AwardersWho selects the Nobel Laureates? In his last will and testament, Alfred Nobel specifically designated the institutions responsible for the prizes he wished to be established:1. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences forthe Nobel Prize in Physics and Chemistry 2. Karolinska Institute for the Nobel Prize inPhysiology or Medicine3. The Swedish Academy for the Nobel Prize inLiterature4. A Committee of five persons to be elected bythe Norwegian Parliament (Storting) for theNobel Peace Prize.5. In 1968, the Sveriges Riksbank establishedthe Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economics in Memory of Alfred Nobel. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences was given the task toselect the Economics Prize Laureatesstarting in 1969.Nomination for the Nobel PrizesEach year the respective Nobel Committees send individual invitations to thousands of members of academies, university professors, scientists from numerous countries, previous Nobel Laureates, members of parliamentary assemblies and others, asking them to submit candidates for the Nobel Prizes for the coming year. These nominators are chosen in such a way that as many countries and universities as possible are represented over time.Each year the _____ Nobel Committees send individual invitations to thousands of _____ of academies, university ______, _____ from numerous countries, previous Nobel _____,_____ of parliamentary assemblies and _____, asking them to submit ______ for the Nobel Prizes for the _____ year. These ______ are chosen in such a way that as many countries and universities as possible are _represented_____ over time.Nobel Prize AnnouncementsThe announcement of the Nobel Laureates for the year is made on the same day that the Nobel Prize-Awarding Institutions choose from among the names recommended by the respective Nobel Committees. Immediately after the vote, a press conference is held by the concerned Nobel Prize Awarder.Announcements of the 2008 Nobel Prizes and The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel will be held on the following dates:Physiology or Medicine - Monday, October 6, 11:30 a.m. CET at the earliestPhysics - Tuesday, October 7, 11:45 a.m. CET at the earliestChemistry - Wednesday, October 8, 11:45 a.m. CET at the earliestPeace - Friday, October 10, 11:00 a.m. CETEconomics - Monday, October 13, 1:00 p.m. CET at the earliestAccording to tradition, the Swedish Academy will set the date for its announcement of the Nobel Prize in Literature later.The _____ of the Nobel Laureates for the year is made on the _____ day that the NobelPrize-Awarding Institutions choose from among the names _____ by the respective Nobel Committees. Immediately after the _____, a press _____ is held by the concerned Nobel Prize Awarder.The Nobel Prize Award CeremoniesThe Nobel Laureates take center stage in Stockholm on 10 _____ when they receive the Nobel Prize _____, Nobel Prize _____ and _____ confirming the Nobel Prize amount from King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden. In Oslo, the Nobel_____ Prize Laureates receive their Nobel _____ Prize from the Chairman of the Norwegian Nobel Committee in the presence of King Harald V of Norway. An important part is the presentation of the Nobel _____ by the Nobel _____. In Stockholm, the lectures are presented days_____ the Nobel Prize Award Ceremony. In Oslo, the Nobel Laureates deliver their lectures _____ the Nobel Peace Prize Award Ceremony.Summary & Translation of Nobel Prize诺贝尔奖是一项授予在物理、化学、医学、文学和和平界杰出贡献的国际奖项，奖项获得者每年10月份公布，获得的奖项包括奖金、金牌和证书，在12月10号--诺贝尔去世纪念日—颁奖。
诺贝尔奖的英文课件
02
The selection mechanism of the
Nobel PrizeFra bibliotekSelection organization
The Nobel Foundation: Responsible for managing the awards and awards of the Nobel
Prize
Physiology or Medicine
04
03
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences: Responsible for selecting the winners of the Nobel Prize in Physics, Chemistry, and Economics
The Nobel Prize winners' contributions have significantly advanced knowledge in various fields, leading to the development of new technologies, drugs, and other advancements that improve quality of life
Selection process
Nomination
Any person may nominate a candidate for the Nobel Prize, and nominations must be submitted to the relevant selection organization
Evaluation
Experts in the field evaluate the candidates' achievements and select the winners
2012年诺贝尔奖授奖词英文稿
北京时间12月10日晚23点30分，2012年诺贝尔奖颁奖典礼于斯德哥尔摩音乐厅举行。
诺贝尔文学奖评委会提名小组主席佩尔•瓦斯特伯格 (PerWästberg) 介绍了莫言的作品，阐述了授予他诺贝尔文学奖的原因。
这是授奖词英文稿:The Nobel Prize in Literature 2012Award Ceremony SpeechPresentation Speech by Per Wästberg, Writer, Member of the Swedish Academy, Chairman of the Nobel Committee, 10 December 2012.Your Majesties, Your Royal Highnesses, Esteemed Nobel Laureates, Ladies and Gentlemen,Mo Yan is a poet who tears down stereotypical propaganda posters, elevating the individual from an anonymous human mass. Using ridicule and sarcasm Mo Yan attacks history and its falsifications as well as deprivation and political hypocrisy. Playfully and with ill-disguised delight, he reveals the murkiest aspects of human existence, almost inadvertently finding images of strong symbolic weight.North-eastern Gaomi county embodies China’s folk tales and history. Few real journeys can surpass these to a realm where the clamour of donkeys and pigs drowns out the voices of the people’s commissars and where both love and evil assume supernatural proportions.Mo Yan’s imagination soars across the entire human existence. He is a wonderful portrayer of nature; he knows virtually all there is to know about hunger, and the brutality of China’s 20th century has probably never been described sonakedly, with heroes, lovers, torturers, bandits – and especially, strong, indomitable mothers. He shows us a world without truth, common sense or compassion, a world where people are reckless, helpless and absurd.Proof of this misery is the cannibalism that recu rs in China’s history. In Mo Yan, it stands for unrestrained consumption, excess, rubbish, carnal pleasures and the indescribable desires that only he can attempt to elucidate beyond all tabooed limitations.In his novel Republic of Wine, the most exquisite of delicacies is a roastedthree-year-old. Boys have become exclusive foodstuff. The girls, neglected, survive. The irony is directed at China’s family policy, because of which female foetuses are aborted on an astronomic scale: girls aren’t even good enough to eat. Mo Yan has written an entire novel, Frog, about this.Mo Yan’s stories have mythical and allegorical pretensions and turn all values on their heads. We never meet that ideal citizen who was a standard feature in Mao’s China. Mo Yan’s characters bubble with vitality and take even the most amoral steps and measures to fulfil their lives and burst the cages they have been confined in by fate and politics.Instead of communism’s poster-happy history, Mo Yan describes a past that, with his exaggerations, parodies and derivations from myths and folk tales, is a convincing and scathing revision of fifty years of propaganda.In his most remarkable novel, Big Breasts and Wide Hips, where a female perspective dominates, Mo Yan describes the Great Leap Forward and the Great Famine of 1960 in stinging detail. He mocks the revolutionary pseudo-science that tried to inseminate sheep with rabbit sperm, all the while dismissing doubters asright-wing elements. The novel ends with the new capitalism of the ‘90s with fraudsters becoming rich on beauty products and trying to produce a Phoenix through cross-fertilisation.In Mo Yan, a forgotten peasant world arises, alive and well, before our eyes, sensually scented even in its most pungent vapours, startlingly merciless but tinged by joyful selflessness. Never a dull moment. The author knows everything and can describe everything – all kinds of handicraft, smithery, construction, ditch-digging, animal husbandry, the tricks of guerrilla bands. He seems to carry all human life on the tip of his pen.He is more hilarious and more appalling than most in the wake of Rabelais and Swift — in our time, in the wake of García Marquez. His spice blend is a peppery one. On his broad tapestry of China’s last hundred years, there are neither dancing unicorns nor skipping maidens. But he paints life in a pigsty in such a way that we feel we have been there far too long. Ideologies and reform movements may comeand go but human egoism and greed remain. So Mo Yan defends small individuals against all injustices – from Japanese occupation to Maoist terror and today’s production frenzy.For those who venture to Mo Yan’s home district, where bountiful virtue battles the vilest cruelty, a staggering literary adventure awaits. Has ever such an epic spring flood engulfed China and the rest of the world? In Mo Yan’s work, world literature speaks with a voice that drowns out most contemporaries.The Swedish Academy congratulates you. I call on you to accept the 2012 Nobel Prize for Literature from the hand of His Majesty the King.。
诺贝尔奖介绍-英文
04
Memoriable events of the Noble
prize.
First
Madame curie was the first woman who was rewarded the Noble Prize in 1903 ,and she also got two Noble Prize.
Second
Linus Carl Pauling was the person who won two Noble Prize by himself.
04
Memoriable events of the Noble
prize.
Third MALALLA Yusuf Zahi ,the Pakistan girl ,was rewarded Nobel Peace Prize when she was just 17 in 2014 .And she was the young person who carry the prize.
06
Conclusion.
Conclusion.
The Noble Prize may be the most inspiring reward to all the scientist , and all the winners are great , they all work hard for the world. They will inspiring us to research the science and work hard for the world forever.
Forth The America scientist ,Raymond Davis ,won Nobel prize in Physics When he was 88 years old in 2002,and four year later he passed away . He was the oldest person who got the award.
【精选】诺贝尔奖英文简介
Nobel prize in literature
• Mo Yan is a famous writer and he is the first man who awarded noble prize in literature in China.
Nobel prize in peace
• Malala Yousafzai is the youngest noble prize winner.
Economics awarded by the Swedish Academy of Sciences
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Other Six Nobel Laureates of Chinese Descent Living Overseas
李政道（ 1957 Nobel Physic Prize）
杨振宁（1957 Nobel Physic Prize ） 丁肇中（1976 Nobel Physic Prize ） 朱棣文（1997 Nobel Physic Prize ） 崔琦（1998 Nobel Physic Prize) 李远哲（1986 Nobel Chemistry Prize ）
works
Institutet in Stockholm
literature awarded by the Academy in Stockholm
peace
awarded by a committee of five persons to be elected by the Norwegian Storting
Nobel prize in physics
• Albert Einstein was a world famous physicist and he was considered as the greatest scientist of the 20th century.
奥巴马诺贝尔奖获奖感言——英文
THE PRESIDENT: Your Majesties, Your Royal Highnesses, distinguished members of the Norwegian Nobel Committee, citizens of America, and citizens of the world:I receive this honor with deep gratitude and great humility. It is an award that speaks to our highest aspirations -- that for all the cruelty and hardship of our world, we are not mere prisoners of fate. Our actions matter, and can bend history in the direction of justice.And yet I would be remiss if I did not acknowledge the considerable controversy that your generous decision has generated. (Laughter.) In part, this is because I am at the beginning, and not the end, of my labors on the world stage. Compared to some of the giants of history who’ve received this prize --Schweitzer and King; Marshall and Mandela -- my accomplishments are slight. And then there are the men and women around the world who have been jailed and beaten in the pursuit of justice; those who toil in humanitarian organizations to relieve suffering; the unrecognized millions whose quiet acts of courage and compassion inspire even the most hardened cynics. I cannot argue with those who find these men and women -- some known, some obscure to all but those they help -- to be far more deserving of this honor than I.But perhaps the most profound issue surrounding my receipt of this prize is the fact that I am the Commander-in-Chief of the military of a nation in the midst of two wars. One of these wars is winding down. The other is a conflict that America did not seek; one in which we are joined by 42 other countries -- including Norway -- in an effort to defend ourselves and all nations from further attacks.Still, we are at war, and I’m responsible for the deployment of thousands of young Americans to battle in a distant land. Some will kill, and some will be killed. And so I come here with an acute sense of the costs of armed conflict -- filled with difficult questions about the relationship between war and peace, and our effort to replace one with the other.Now these questions are not new. War, in one form or another, appeared with the first man. At the dawn of history, its morality was not questioned; it was simply a fact, like drought or disease -- the manner in which tribes and then civilizations sought power and settled their differences.And over time, as codes of law sought to control violence within groups, so did philosophers and clerics and statesmen seek to regulate the destructive power of war. The concept of a “just war” emerged, suggesting that war is justified only when certain conditions were met: if it is waged as a last resort or in self-defense; if the force used is proportional; and if, whenever possible, civilians are spared from violence.Of course, we know that for most of history, this concept of “just war” was rarely observed. The capacity of human beings to think up new ways to kill one another proved inexhaustible, as did our capacity to exempt from mercy those who look different or pray to a different God. Wars between armies gave wayto wars between nations -- total wars in which the distinction between combatant and civilian became blurred. In the span of 30 years, such carnage would twice engulf this continent. And while it’s hard to conceive of a cause more just than the defeat of the Third Reich and the Axis powers, World War II was a conflict in which the total number of civilians who died exceeded the number of soldiers who perished.In the wake of such destruction, and with the advent of the nuclear age, it became clear to victor and vanquished alike that the world needed institutions to prevent another world war. And so, a quarter century after the United States Senate rejected the League of Nations -- an idea for which Woodrow Wilson received this prize -- America led the world in constructing an architecture to keep the peace: a Marshall Plan and a United Nations, mechanisms to govern the waging of war, treaties to protect human rights, prevent genocide, restrict the most dangerous weapons.In many ways, these efforts succeeded. Yes, terrible wars have been fought, and atrocities committed. But there has been no Third World War. The Cold War ended with jubilant crowds dismantling a wall. Commerce has stitched much of the world together. Billions have been lifted from poverty. The ideals of liberty and self-determination, equality and the rule of law have haltingly advanced. We are the heirs of the fortitude and foresight of generations past, and it is a legacy for which my own country is rightfully proud.And yet, a decade into a new century, this old architecture is buckling under the weight of new threats. The world may no longer shudder at the prospect of war between two nuclear superpowers, but proliferation may increase the risk of catastrophe. Terrorism has long been a tactic, but modern technology allows a few small men with outsized rage to murder innocents on a horrific scale.Moreover, wars between nations have increasingly given way to wars within nations. The resurgence of ethnic or sectarian conflicts; the growth of secessionist movements, insurgencies, and failed states -- all these things have increasingly trapped civilians in unending chaos. In today’s wars, many more civilians are killed than soldiers; the seeds of future conflict are sown, economies are wrecked, civil societies torn asunder, refugees amassed, children scarred.I do not bring with me today a definitive solution to the problems of war. What I do know is that meeting these challenges will require the same vision, hard work, and persistence of those men and women who acted so boldly decades ago. And it will require us to think in new ways about the notions of just war and the imperatives of a just peace.We must begin by acknowledging the hard truth: We will not eradicate violent conflict in our lifetimes. There will be times when nations -- acting individually or in concert -- will find the use of force not only necessary but morally justified.I make this statement mindful of what Martin Luther King Jr. said in this same ceremony years ago: “Violence never brings pe rmanent peace. It solves no social problem: it merely creates new and more complicated ones.” As someone who stands here as a direct consequence of Dr. King’s life work, I amliving testimony to the moral force of non-violence. I know there’s nothing weak -- nothing passive -- nothing na?ve -- in the creed and lives of Gandhi and King.But as a head of state sworn to protect and defend my nation, I cannot be guided by their examples alone.I face the world as it is, and cannot stand idle in the face of threats to the American people. For make no mistake: Evil does exist in the world. A non-violent movement could not have halted Hitler’s armies. Negotiations cannot convince al Qaeda’s leaders to lay down their arms. To say that force may sometimesbe necessary is not a call to cynicism -- it is a recognition of history; the imperfections of man and the limits of reason.I raise this point, I begin with this point because in many countries there is a deep ambivalence about military action today, no matter what the cause. And at times, this is joined by a reflexive suspicion of America, the world’s sole military superpower.But the world must remember that it was not simply international institutions -- not just treaties and declarations -- that brought stability to a post-World War II world. Whatever mistakes we have made, the plain fact is this: The United States of America has helped underwrite global security for more than six decades with the blood of our citizens and the strength of our arms. The service and sacrifice of our men and women in uniform has promoted peace and prosperity from Germany to Korea, and enabled democracy to take hold in places like the Balkans. We have borne this burden not because we seek to impose our will. We have done so out of enlightened self-interest -- because we seek a better future for our children and grandchildren, and we believe that their lives will be better if others’ children and grandchildren can live in freedom and prosperity.So yes, the instruments of war do have a role to play in preserving the peace. And yet this truth must coexist with another -- that no matter how justified, war promises human tragedy. The soldier’s courage and sacrifice is full of glory, expressing devotion to country, to cause, to comrades in arms. But war itself is never glorious, and we must never trumpet it as such.So part of our challenge is reconciling these two seemingly inreconcilable truths -- that war is sometimes necessary, and war at some level is an expression of human folly. Concretely, we must direct our effort to the task that President Kennedy called for long ago. “Let us focus,” he said, “on a more practical, more attainable peace, based not on a sudden revolution in human nature but on a gradual evolution in human instituti ons.” A gradual evolution of human institutions.What might this evolution look like? What might these practical steps be?To begin with, I believe that all nations -- strong and weak alike -- must adhere to standards that govern the use of force. I -- like any head of state -- reserve the right to act unilaterally if necessary to defend my nation. Nevertheless, I am convinced that adhering to standards, international standards, strengthens those who do, and isolates and weakens those who don’t.The world rallied around America after the 9/11 attacks, and continues to support our efforts in Afghanistan, because of the horror of those senseless attacks and the recognized principle of self-defense. Likewise, the world recognized the need to confront Saddam Hussein when he invaded Kuwait -- a consensus that sent a clear message to all about the cost of aggression.Furthermore, America -- in fact, no nation -- can insist that others follow the rules of the road if we refuse to follow them ourselves. For when we don’t, our actions appear arbitrary and undercut the legitimacy of future interventions, no matter how justified.And this becomes particularly important when the purpose of military action extendsbeyond self-defense or the defense of one nation against an aggressor. More and more, we all confront difficult questions about how to prevent the slaughter of civilians by their own government, or to stop a civil war whose violence and suffering can engulf an entire region.I believe that force can be justified on humanitarian grounds, as it was in the Balkans, or in other places that have been scarred by war. Inaction tears at our conscience and can lead to more costly intervention later. That’s why all responsible nations must embrace the role that militarie s with a clear mandate canplay to keep the peace.America’s commitment to global security will never waver. But in a world in which threats are morediffuse, and missions more complex, America cannot act alone. America alone cannot secure the peace. This is true in Afghanistan. This is true in failed states like Somalia, where terrorism and piracy is joined by famine and human suffering. And sadly, it will continue to be true in unstable regions for years to come.The leaders and soldiers of NATO countries, and other friends and allies, demonstrate this truth through the capacity and courage they’ve shown in Afghanistan. But in many countries, there is a disconnect between the efforts of those who serve and the ambivalence of the broader public. I understand why war is not popular, but I also know this: The belief that peace is desirable is rarely enough to achieve it. Peace requires responsibility. Peace entails sacrifice. That’s why NATO continues to be indispensable. That’s why we must strengthen U.N. a nd regional peacekeeping, and not leave the task to a few countries. That’s why we honor those who return home from peacekeeping and training abroad to Oslo and Rome; to Ottawa and Sydney; to Dhaka and Kigali -- we honor them not as makers of war, but of wagers -- but as wagers of peace.Let me make one final point about the use of force. Even as we make difficult decisions about going to war, we must also think clearly about how we fight it. The Nobel Committee recognized this truth in awarding its first prize for peace to Henry Dunant -- the founder of the Red Cross, and a driving force behind the Geneva Conventions.Where force is necessary, we have a moral and strategic interest in binding ourselves to certain rules of conduct. And even as we confront a vicious adversary that abides by no rules, I believe the United States of America must remain a standard bearer in the conduct of war. That is what makes us different from those whom we fight. That is a source of our strength. That is why I prohibited torture. That is why I ordered the prison at Guantanamo Bay closed. And that is why I have reaffirmed America’s commitmentto abide by the Geneva Conventions. We lose ourselves when we compromise the very ideals that we fight to defend. (Applause.) And we honor -- we honor those ideals by upholding them not when it’s easy, but when it is hard.I have spoken at some length to the question that must weigh on our minds and our hearts as we choose to wage war. But let me now turn to our effort to avoid such tragic choices, and speak of three ways that we can build a just and lasting peace.First, in dealing with those nations that break rules and laws, I believe that we must develop alternatives to violence that are tough enough to actually change behavior -- for if we want a lasting peace, then the words of the international community must mean something. Those regimes that break the rules must be held accountable. Sanctions must exact a real price. Intransigence must be met with increased pressure -- and such pressure exists only when the world stands together as one.One urgent example is the effort to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons, and to seek a world without them. In the middle of the last century, nations agreed to be bound by a treaty whose bargain is clear: All will have access to peaceful nuclear power; those without nuclear weapons will forsake them; and those with nuclear weapons will work towards disarmament. I am committed to upholding this treaty. It is a centerpiece of my foreign policy. And I’m working with President Medvedev to reduce America and Russia’s nuclear stockpiles.But it is also incumbent upon all of us to insist that nations like Iran and North Korea do not game the system. Those who claim to respect international law cannot avert their eyes when those laws are flouted. Those who care for their own security cannot ignore the danger of an arms race in the Middle East or East Asia. Those who seek peace cannot stand idly by as nations arm themselves for nuclear war.The same principle applies to those who violate international laws by brutalizing their own people. When there is genocide in Darfur, systematic rape in Congo, repression in Burma -- there must be consequences. Yes, there will be engagement; yes, there will be diplomacy -- but there must be consequences when those things fail. And the closer we stand together, the less likely we will be faced with the choice between armed intervention and complicity in oppression.This brings me to a second point -- the nature of the peace that we seek. For peace is not merely the absence of visible conflict. Only a just peace based on the inherent rights and dignity of every individual can truly be lasting.It was this insight that drove drafters of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights after the Second World War. In the wake of devastation, they recognized that if human rights are not protected, peace is a hollow promise.And yet too often, these words are ignored. For some countries, the failure to uphold human rights is excused by the false suggestion that these are somehow Western principles, foreign to local cultures or stages of a nation’s development. And within America, there has long been a tension between those whodescribe themselves as realists or idealists -- a tension that suggests a stark choice between the narrow pursuit of interests or an endless campaign to impose our values around the world.I reject these choices. I believe that peace is unstable where citizens are denied the right to speak freely or worship as they please; choose their own leaders or assemble without fear. Pent-up grievances fester, and the suppression of tribal and religious identity can lead to violence. We also know that the opposite is true. Only when Europe became free did it finally find peace. America has never fought a war against a democracy, and our closest friends are governments that protect the rights of their citizens. No matter how callously defined, neither America’s interests -- nor the world’s -- are served by the denial of human aspirations.So even as we respect the unique culture and traditions of different countries, America will always be a voice for those aspirations that are universal. We will bear witness to the quiet dignity of reformers like Aung Sang Suu Kyi; to the bravery of Zimbabweans who cast their ballots in the face of beatings; to the hundreds of thousands who have marched silently through the streets of Iran. It is telling that the leaders of these governments fear the aspirations of their own people more than the power of any other nation. And it is the responsibility of all free people and free nations to make clear that these movements -- these movements of hope and history -- they have us on their side.Let me also say this: The promotion of human rights cannot be about exhortation alone. At times, it must be coupled with painstaking diplomacy. I know that engagement with repressive regimes lacks the satisfying purity of indignation. But I also know that sanctions without outreach -- condemnation without discussion -- can carry forward only a crippling status quo. No repressive regime can move down a new path unless it has the choice of an open door.In light of the Cultural Revolution’s horrors, Nixon’s meeting with Mao appeared inexcusable -- and yet it surely helped set China on a path where millions of its citizens have been lifted from poverty and connected to open societies. Pope John Paul’s engagement with Poland created space not just for the Catholic Church, but for labor leaders like Lech Walesa. Ron ald Reagan’s efforts on arms control and embrace of perestroika not only improved relations with the Soviet Union, but empowered dissidents throughout Eastern Europe. There’s no simple formula here. But we must try as best we can to balance isolation and engagement, pressure and incentives, so that human rights and dignity are advanced over time.Third, a just peace includes not only civil and political rights -- it must encompass economic security and opportunity. For true peace is not just freedom from fear, but freedom from want.It is undoubtedly true that development rarely takes root without security; it is also true that security does not exist where human beings do not have access to enough food, or clean water, or the medicine and shelter they need to survive. It does not exist where children can’t aspire to a decent education or a job that supports a family. The absence of hope can rot a society from within.And that’s why helping farmers feed their own people -- or nations educate their children and care for the sick -- is not mere charity. It’s also why the world must come together to confront climate change. There is little scientific dispute that if we do nothing, we will face more drought, more famine, more massdisplacement -- all of which will fuel more conflict for decades. For this reason, it is not merely scientists and environmental activists who call for swift and forceful action -- it’s military leaders in my own country and others who understand our common security hangs in the balance.Agreements among nations. Strong institutions. Support for human rights. Investments in development. All these are vital ingredients in bringing about the evolution that President Kennedy spoke about. And yet, I do not believe that we will have the will, the determination, the staying power, to complete this work without something more -- and that’s the continued expansion of our moral imagination; an insistence that there’s something irreducible that we all share.As the world grows smaller, you might think it would be easier for human beings to recognize how similar we are; to understand that we’re all basically seeking the same things; that we all hope for the chance to live out our lives with some measure of happiness and fulfillment for ourselves and our families.And yet somehow, given the dizzying pace of globalization, the cultural leveling of modernity, it perhaps comes as no surprise that people fear the loss of what they cherish in their particular identities -- their race, their tribe, and perhaps most powerfully their religion. In some places, this fear has led to conflict. At times, it even feels like we’re moving backwards. We see it in the Middle East, as the conflict between Arabs and Jews seems to harden. We see it in nations that are torn asunder by tribal lines.And most dangerously, we see it in the way that religion is used to justify the murder of innocents by those who have distorted and defiled the great religion of Islam, and who attacked my country from Afghanistan. These extremists are not the first to kill in the name of God; the cruelties of the Crusades are amply recorded. But they remind us that no Holy War can ever be a just war. For if you truly believe that you are carrying out divine will, then there is no need for restraint -- no need to spare the pregnant mother, or the medic, or the Red Cross worker, or even a person of one’s own faith. Such a warped view of religion is not just incompatible with the concept of peace, but I believe it’s incompatible with the very purpose of faith -- for the one rule that lies at the heart of every major religion is that we do unto others as we would have them do unto us.Adhering to this law of love has always been the core struggle of human nature. For we are fallible. We make mistakes, and fall victim to the temptations of pride, and power, and sometimes evil. Even those of us with the best of intentions will at times fail to right the wrongs before us.But we do not have to think that human nature is perfect for us to still believe that the human condition can be perfected. We do not have to live in an idealized world to still reach for those ideals that will make it a better place. The non-violence practiced by men like Gandhi and King may not have been practical or possible in every circumstance, but the love that they preached -- their fundamental faith in human progress -- that must always be the North Star that guides us on our journey.For if we lose that faith -- if we dismiss it as silly or na?ve; if we divorce it from the decisions that we make on issues of war and peace -- then we lose what’s best about humanity. We lose our sense of possibility. We lose our moral compass.Like generations have before us, we must reject that future. As Dr. King said at this occasion so many years ago, “I refuse to accept despair as the final response to the ambiguities of history. I refuse to accept the idea that the ‘isness’ of man’s present condition makes him morally incapable of reaching up for the eternal ‘oughtness’ that forever confronts him.”Let us reach for the world that ought to be -- that spark of the divine that still stirs within each of our souls. (Applause.)Somewhere today, in the here and now, in the world as it is, a soldier sees he’s outgunned, but stands firm to keep the peace. Somewhere today, in this world, a young protestor awaits the brutality of her government, but has the courage to march on. Somewhere today, a mother facing punishing poverty still takes the time to teach her child, scrapes together what few coins she has to send that child to school -- because she believes that a cruel world still has a place for that child’s dreams.Let us live by their example. We can acknowledge that oppression will always be with us, and still strive for justice. We can admit the intractability of depravation, and still strive for dignity. Clear-eyed, we can understand that there will be war, and still strive for peace. We can do that -- for that is the story of human progress; that’s the hope of all the world; and at this mom ent of challenge, that must be our work here on Earth.Thank you very much.。
《首届诺贝尔奖颁发》 知识清单
《首届诺贝尔奖颁发》知识清单一、背景知识诺贝尔奖是以瑞典著名的化学家、硝化甘油炸药的发明人阿尔弗雷德·贝恩哈德·诺贝尔的部分遗产作为基金在 1895 年创立的。
在世界范围内，诺贝尔奖被普遍认为是所颁奖的领域内最重要的奖项之一。
诺贝尔在他的遗嘱中，将其大部分遗产用于设立诺贝尔奖，旨在表彰在物理学、化学、生理学或医学、文学以及和平事业方面为人类做出杰出贡献的人士。
二、首届诺贝尔奖颁发的时间和地点首届诺贝尔奖于 1901 年 12 月 10 日在瑞典的斯德哥尔摩颁发。
三、首届诺贝尔奖的奖项设置首届诺贝尔奖设立了物理学奖、化学奖、生理学或医学奖、文学奖和和平奖五个奖项。
1、物理学奖首届物理学奖授予了德国物理学家威廉·康拉德·伦琴，以表彰他发现了 X 射线。
这一发现不仅在物理学领域具有重大意义，也为医学和材料科学等领域带来了深远的影响。
2、化学奖首届化学奖授予了荷兰化学家雅各布斯·亨里克斯·范托夫，以表彰他在化学动力学和渗透压方面的工作。
他的研究为化学领域的发展奠定了重要的基础。
3、生理学或医学奖首届生理学或医学奖授予了德国科学家埃米尔·阿道夫·冯·贝林，以表彰他在血清疗法方面的开创性工作，特别是在白喉治疗方面的成就。
4、文学奖首届文学奖授予了法国诗人、散文家苏利·普吕多姆，他的作品展现了高尚的理想、完美的艺术和罕有的心灵与智慧的结合。
5、和平奖首届和平奖授予了瑞士人亨利·杜南和法国人弗雷德里克·帕西，以表彰他们为国际和平事业所做出的努力。
亨利·杜南是红十字会的创始人之一，弗雷德里克·帕西则是国际和平联盟和各国议会联盟的创始人之一。
四、诺贝尔奖的评选流程诺贝尔奖的评选是一个严格而复杂的过程。
通常，每年的 9 月，诺贝尔委员会向数千名有资格提名候选人的个人和组织发送邀请函。
【推荐下载】“诺贝尔奖”知多少 【双语】
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“诺贝尔奖”知多少【双语】
遵照诺贝尔遗嘱，物理奖和化学奖由瑞典皇家科学院评定，生理或医学奖由瑞典皇
家卡罗林医学院评定，文学奖由瑞典文学院评定，和平奖由挪威议会选出。
经济奖委
托瑞典皇家科学院评定。
每个授奖单位设有一个由5 人组成的诺贝尔委员会负责评选
工作，该委员会三年一届。
诺贝尔基金会于1900 年成立，1901 年首次颁发奖项。
Nobel Literature Prize / Nobel Prize in literature 诺贝尔文学奖
The Nobel Prize in literature has been awarded annually to an author from any country
who has, in the words from the will of Alfred Nobel, produced in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction.The Swedish Academy decides who, if anyone,
will receive the prize in any given year.根据创立者的遗嘱，诺贝尔文学奖金授予最近一
年来在文学方面创作出具有理想倾向的最佳作品的人。
1900 年经国王批准的基本章程
中改为近年来创作的或近年来才显示出其意义的作品，文学作品的概念扩展为具有文
学价值的作品，即包括历史和哲学著作。
1。
今日分享诺贝尔文学奖
今日分享诺贝尔文学奖N诺·贝·尔·文·学·奖Nobel laureates in Literature它是如何产生的？诺贝尔文学奖（英语：Nobel laureates in Literature；瑞典语：Nobelpriset i litteratur）是根据诺贝尔1895年的遗嘱而设立的五个诺贝尔奖之一，该奖旨在奖励在文学领域创作出具理想倾向之最佳作品者。
固定布局工具条上设置固定宽高背景可以设置被包含可以完美对齐背景图和文字以及制作自己的模板1895年11月27日，阿尔弗雷德·贝恩哈德·诺贝尔（以下简称：诺贝尔）在他逝世前一年写成的最后一份遗嘱于巴黎的瑞典挪威俱乐部签订。
根据最后遗嘱所述，他的遗产将用于建立一系列奖项，表彰在物理学、化学、和平、生理学或医学以及文学上“对人类作出最大贡献”的人士。
用于设立五个诺贝尔奖的资产占诺贝尔总资产的94%，即3100万瑞典克朗。
1897年4月26日，诺贝尔的遗嘱才经挪威议会通过执行，执行人朗纳·索尔曼和吕多尔夫·利耶奎斯特（Rudolf Lilljequist）设立了诺贝尔基金会，管理遗产和奖金。
遗嘱通过后，议会委任瑞典文学院为诺贝尔文学奖的颁发机构。
诺贝尔基金会其后在诺贝尔奖的颁奖判据上达成了协议。
1900年，瑞典国王奥斯卡二世颁布诺贝尔基金会的新规条，章程中改为“如今来创作的”或“如今才显示出其意义的”作品，“文学作品”的概念扩展为“具有文学价值的作品”，即包括历史和哲学著作。
1901年12月10日，在诺贝尔逝世5周年纪念日首次颁发诺贝尔文学奖。
奖项设置奖项综述诺贝尔文学奖包括一枚金牌、一份证书以及一笔奖金。
金牌自1902年起，诺贝尔奖奖牌都在瑞典皇家造币厂（瑞典语：Myntverket）和挪威造币厂制造，属于诺贝尔基金会的注册商标。
每枚奖牌的正面都印有阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔的左侧头像和以罗马数字写出的生卒年份（1833-1896），诺贝尔文学奖的设计与诺贝尔物理学奖、化学奖、及生理学或医学奖相同，但与和平奖及经济学奖有些许不同。
【公基常识】“2022年诺贝尔奖”考点
诺贝尔 和平奖
获奖者
斯万特·佩博
阿兰·阿斯佩 约翰·克劳泽
安东·蔡林格
卡罗琳·贝尔托齐 卡尔·巴里·沙普利
斯 莫滕·梅尔达尔
安妮·埃尔诺
阿莱斯•比亚利亚 茨基
俄罗斯人权组织 纪念馆
国家
瑞典
法国 美国 奥地
利
美国
丹麦
法国 白俄 罗斯 俄罗
斯
理由 表彰他在已灭绝古人 类基因组和人类进化 研究方面所做出的贡
1968 年设立的诺贝尔经济学奖，用于表彰在经济学领域杰出贡献的人。
以下为 2022 年诺贝尔奖各奖项获奖情况：
时间
2022 年 10 月3日
2022 年 10 月4日
2022 年 10 月5日
2022 年 10 月6日
2022 年 10 月7日
奖项 诺贝尔 生理学 或医学
奖
诺贝尔 物理学
奖
诺贝尔 化学奖
道格拉斯·戴蒙德 菲利普·迪布维格
乌克 兰
美国
表彰他们在银行与金 融危机研究领域的突
出贡献
练习题： 1、瑞典卡罗琳医学院 10 月 3 日宣布，将 2022 年诺贝尔生理学或医 学奖授予瑞典科学家（），以表彰他在已灭绝古人类基因组和人类进化研 究方面所做出的贡献。 A.斯万特·佩博 B.雅顿·帕塔普蒂安 C.戴维·朱利叶斯 D.哈维·阿尔特 参考答案：A
【公基常识】“2022 年诺贝尔奖”考点
诺贝尔奖（瑞典语：Nobel priset，英语：Nobel Prize）是指根据
诺贝尔 1895 年的遗嘱而设立的五个奖项，包括：物理学奖、化学奖、和
平奖、生理学或医学奖和文学奖，旨在表彰在物理学、化学、和平、生理
五个诺贝尔奖外国文学名词解释
五个诺贝尔奖外国文学名词解释
诺贝尔奖（瑞典语：Nobel priset，英语：Nobel Prize）是指根据诺贝尔18XX年的遗嘱而设立的五个奖项，包括：物理学奖、化学奖、和平奖、生理学或医学奖和文学奖，旨在表彰在物理学、化学、和平、生理学或医学以及文学上“对人类作出最大贡献”的人士；以及瑞典中央银行19XX年设立的诺贝尔经济学奖，用于表彰在经济学领域杰出贡献的人。
19XX年诺贝尔奖首次颁发，包括：诺贝尔物理学奖、诺贝尔化学奖、诺贝尔和平奖、诺贝尔生理学或医学奖和诺贝尔文学奖。
19XX 年瑞典中央银行增设“瑞典中央银行纪念诺贝尔经济科学奖”，该奖于19XX年首次颁发，人们习惯上称这个额外的奖项为诺贝尔经济学奖。
诺贝尔奖的甄选委员会通常在每年X月公布得主。
颁奖典礼于每年X月X日，即诺贝尔逝世周年纪念日，分别在瑞典首都斯德哥尔摩和挪威首都奥斯陆由国王举行授奖仪式。
20XX年X月X日诺贝尔基金会主席拉尔斯·海肯斯滕表示2020年诺贝尔奖奖金将增加至1000万瑞典克朗（约110万美元）。
根据诺贝尔奖官网显示，诺贝尔奖每年评选和颁发一次，诺贝尔奖包括一枚金牌、一份证书以及一笔奖金。
截至20XX年，共授予919位个人和24个团体，其中4位个人以及1个团体两次获奖、1个团体三次获奖。
一份奖给在物理界有最重大的发现或发明的人；
一份奖给在化学上有最重大的发现或改进的人；
一份奖给在医学和生理学界有最重大的发现的人；
一份奖给在文学界创作出具有理想倾向的最佳作品的人；
最后一份奖给为促进民族团结友好、取消或裁减常备军队以及为和平会议的组织和宣传尽到最大努力或作出最大贡献的人。
新闻热词英语表达系列之47：“诺贝尔文学奖”
新闻热词英语表达系列之47：“诺贝尔文学奖”第一篇：新闻热词英语表达系列之47：“诺贝尔文学奖”新闻热词英语表达系列之47：“诺贝尔文学奖”“诺贝尔文学奖”的英文表达是Nobel Prize for literature。
10月11日，瑞典文学院诺贝尔奖评审委员会宣布，中国作家莫言获诺贝尔文学奖。
评委会的理由是“莫言的幻觉现实主义作品融合了民间故事、历史和当代”，莫言成为首个获奖的中国籍作家。
我们来看一段英文报道：Chinese author Mo Yan has been awarded the 2012 Nobel Prize for literature.A prolific author, Mo has published dozens of short stories, with his first work published in 1981.The Swedish Academy praised his work which “with hall ucinatory realism merges folk tales, history and the contemporary”.The 57-year-old is the first Chinese resident to win the prize.Chinese-born Gao Xingjian was honoured in 2000, but is a French citizen.中国作家莫言获2012年诺贝尔文学奖。
莫言发表了多部小说，第一部作品发表于1981年。
瑞典文学院称赞他的作品“以幻觉现实主义融合了民间故事、历史和当代”。
57岁的莫言是首位获得诺贝尔文学奖的中国籍作家。
华裔作家高行健也曾在2000年获此殊荣，不过他是法国公民。
【讲解】“诺贝尔文学奖”在文中的表达是Nobel Prize for literature，也可以说成Nobel Prize in literature或Nobel Literature Prize。
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“诺贝尔奖”知多少英语词汇学习很多人都知道诺贝尔奖是瑞典著名化学家、硝化甘油炸药发明人阿尔弗雷德诺贝尔用遗产作为基金创立的，那么诺贝尔奖共有几类，每类奖项又有什么特别之处呢？让我们一起来了解一下吧。
遵照诺贝尔遗嘱，物理奖和化学奖由瑞典皇家科学院评定，生理或医学奖由瑞典皇家卡罗林医学院评定，文学奖由瑞典文学院评定，和平奖由挪威议会选出。
经济奖委托瑞典皇家科学院评定。
每个授奖单位设有一个由5人组成的诺贝尔委员会负责评选工作，该委员会三年一届。
诺贝尔基金会于1900年成立，1901年首次颁发奖项。
Nobel Literature Prize / Nobel Prize in literature 诺贝尔文学奖
The Nobel Prize in literature has been awarded annually to an author from any country who has, in the words from the will of Alfred Nobel, produced "in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction".
The Swedish Academy decides who, if anyone, will receive the prize in any given year.
根据创立者的遗嘱，诺贝尔文学奖金授予“最近一年来”“在文学方面创作出具有理想倾向的最佳作品的人”。
1900年经国王批准的基本章程中改为“近年来创作的”或“近年来才显示出其意义的”作品，“文学作品”的概念扩展为“具有文学价值的作品”，即包括历史和哲学著作。
Nobel Peace Prize 诺贝尔和平奖
According to Nobel's will, the Peace Prize should be awarded to the person who “ ...shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses”.
奖给为促进民族团结友好、取消或裁减常备军队以及为和平会议的组织和宣传尽到最大努力或作出最大贡献的人。
不过该奖项也可以授予符合获奖条件的机构与组织。
Nobel Physics Prize / Nobel Prize in physics 诺贝尔物理学奖
This award is administered by the Nobel Foundation and widely regarded as the most prestigious award that a scientist can receive in physics.
奖给在物理界有最重大的发现或发明的人，由瑞典皇家自然科学院颁发奖金。
Nobel Chemistry Prize / Nobel Prize in chemistry 诺贝尔化学奖
The award is presented in Stockholm at an annual ceremony on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel's death.
奖给在化学上有最重大的发现或改进的人。
该奖项于每年的12月10日——诺贝尔的逝世周年纪念日颁发。
Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
This prize is awarded once a year for outstanding contributions in the medical field. 奖给在医学和生理学界有最重大的发现的人。
Nobel Economics Prize 诺贝尔经济学奖
Sveriges Riksbank celebrated its 300th anniversary in 1968 by donating a large sum of money to the Nobel Foundation. The following year, the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded for the first time.
诺贝尔经济学奖并非诺贝尔遗嘱中提到的五大奖励领域之一，是由瑞典银行在1968年为纪念诺贝尔而增设的，全称应为“纪念阿尔弗雷德-诺贝尔瑞典银行经济学奖”。