环境工程专业本科生高频词块能力测量
环境工程专业英语词汇
环境工程专业英语词汇Aabacterial 无菌的abatement 减少,减小,取消,消除abnormal blooming of plankton 浮游生物异常繁殖absolute alcohol 无水酒精absolute temperature 绝对温度absorb 吸收absorbent 吸收剂;吸收性的absorption 吸收abundant precipitation 过量降水abysmal deposit 深海沉积物accelerator 加速澄清池,机械澄清池,加速器access 接近,(出)入口,使用或接近的方法、机会或门路,捷径accessory 附件,附属品accidental error 偶然误差acclimate 服水土,适应环境,适应气候acclimatization 驯化,(对环境条件的)适应accommodate 使适应,调节,接纳,容纳,供应,提供acetic acid 醋酸acetone 丙酮acetylene 乙炔acid fog 酸雾acidify 酸化(作用)acidity 酸度,酸性acid-proof material 耐酸材料acoustic construction 隔声构造acoustic fatigue 声致疲劳acquisition 获得,取得,采集acrid 辛辣的,腐蚀性的act 法规,法案,条例,行为,动作activated biofilter 活性生物滤池activated carbon 活性碳activated silica 活性硅土activated sludge 活性污泥activation 活化,激活active chlorine 活性氯activity 活性,活度,放射性,功率adaptable species 适应性强的物种adaptation 适应,匹配,采用,改编(本),修改,适应性,适应力additive 附加物,添加剂;加成的adherence 粘附adhesion 粘附力adiabatic cooling 绝热冷却adjustment 调节,调准,控制,安装admixture 掺合物,杂质adsorbate 被吸附物,吸附质adsorbent 吸附剂;吸附的adsorber 吸附器,吸附剂adsorption isotherm 吸附等温线advanced treatment 高级处理,深度处理aerated contact bed (submerged contact aerator) 曝气接触床(淹没式接触曝气池)aerated lagoon 曝气氧化渠aerated spiral-flow grit channel 曝气螺旋流沉砂槽aeration 曝气aeration blower 曝气鼓风机aerobic 好氧的,好气的,需氧的,有氧的aerobic biological treatment process 好氧生物处理法,需氧生物处理法aerobic decomposition 好氧分解,需氧分解aerosol 气溶胶aesthetically 从审美角度看affinity 亲和力,亲和势affluent 支流afforestation 造林(计划),绿化after burner 火舌燃烧炉,后燃烧装置,补燃器agar 琼脂agglomerate 使聚集,使成团aggressive pathogen 侵袭性病原体air compressor 空压机,压气机air conditioner 空调器air gauge 气压计air hammer 气压锤air header 空气干管air inflow 进气量air intake 进气孔air mass 气团air polluntant emission inventory 空气污染物排放清单air pollution surveillance 空气污染监视air release valve 放气阀,释压阀air relief installation 排气设备air sparger 曝气器air stripping 气提airborne 空气中的,空降的,空运的airborne pathongenic organism 空气致病生物体air-lift pump 空气升水泵,气提泵airview 鸟瞰,鸟瞰图alcohol 乙醇,酒精aldehyde 醛algae 藻类algal bloom 水藻繁盛alignment 成直线,调准,准线,直线性,结盟,联合alkali consumption 碱消耗(量) alkali earth 碱土alkaline 碱性的alkalinity 碱度alkalization 碱化alkyl benzene sulfonate (ABS) 烷基苯磺酸盐alluvial deposit 冲积物,冲积层alum 矾,明矾aluminate 铝酸盐aluminum sulfate 硫酸铝ambient air quality standard 环境空气质量标准ambient noise 环境噪声amine 胺amino acid 氨基酸ammonia nitrogen 氨氮ammonia stripping 氨的气提,气提法除氨ammonification 氨化作用,加氨ammonium 铵amphoteric ion exchange resin 两性离子交换树脂anabolism 合成代谢,组成代谢anaerobic 厌氧的,厌气的,无溶解氧的anaerobic-anoxic-oxic process 厌氧-缺氧-好氧法analysis of variance 方差分析analytical balance 分析天平anemometer 风力计,风速计anemoscope 风向仪anhydrous 无水的animal community 动物群落anion 阴离子,负离子anionic surface active agent 阴离子表面活性剂annual depreciation 年折旧annual precipitation 年降水量anode 阳极,正极anodize 阳极氧化,阳极处理anoxic 缺氧的antagonism 对抗(作用),拮抗(作用)antibiotics 抗菌素,抗生素antifreezing agent 防冻剂aperture 孔径,隙缝,小孔apparatus 仪器,装置apparent activation energy 表观活化能appreciable 明显的,相当可观的appurtenance (常用pl. ) 附属物,设备,配件,附属建筑,附属装置aquatic 水的,水生的,水上的aquatic habitat 水生环境aquatic community 水生群落aquatic life 水生生物aqueduct 水道,渠,导水管aqueous 水的aqueous ammonia 氨水aqueous solution 水溶液aquifer 蓄水层,(地下)含水层,含水地层arbitrary 独裁的,专制的,专横的,任意的,随机的,独立的aromatic 芳香的,芳烃的;芳香剂arsenic 砷artery 动脉,运输线artifical wetland (constructed wetland )人工湿地(系统)artificial fibres 人造纤维asbestos 石棉ascendingvelocity 上升速度ash content 灰分ash conveyer 灰渣输送带ash handling equipment 除尘设备asphyxiate 使(人)窒息、闷死aspiration 吸气,吸入,吸出,愿望,渴望,志向aspiration ventilation 排气通风(法)assay 分析,化验assembly 装配,组合;机组assimilate 同化,吸收assimilative respiration 同化呼吸associated mineral 伴生矿物atmospheric dispersion 大气弥散,大气分散atmospheric emission 大气排放物atomic absorption spectrophotometry 原子吸收分光光度测定法atomic fluorescence spectrophotometry 原子荧光光谱atomization 喷雾,喷雾法,雾化attenuation 衰减,减弱,减轻,减少,减小attraction 引力,吸引attrition 磨损,损耗autoclave 高压锅,高压釜automatic flushback 自动反冲洗automatic valveless gravity filter 自动无阀重力流滤池,无阀滤池automobile exhaust 汽车尾气,汽车废气autotroph(e) 自养生物,自营性生物autotrophic 自养的,自我营养的,无机营养的available chlorine 有效氯available head 可用水头average yearly loading capacity 年平均负荷容量axial flow 轴流azo dye 偶氮染料azotification 固氮(作用)Bbackfill 回填backflow 回流background noise 背景噪声,本底噪声background survey 本底调查back-pressure valve (check valve) 单向阀backwash cycle 反冲周期bacteria coli 大肠杆菌bacterial colony 细菌菌落bacterial population 细菌种群bactericide 杀菌剂bacteriological examination 细菌检验bacteriologically 按细菌学的观点baffle 挡板baffle board 挡板,隔音板baffled reaction chamber 隔板式反应室bag filter 袋滤器,袋式过滤器baghouse 布袋,滤袋室,滤袋装置baghouse precipitator 布袋除尘器ball mill 球磨机band dryer (污泥)带式干化机band screen (belt screen) 带式格网,带条滤网bar screen 格栅barometer 气压计barrel 桶,桶状物basicity 碱度,盐基度batch 分批的,间歇(式)的batch centrifuge 间歇式离心机batch distillation 分批蒸馏batchwise operation 分批式操作be laden with 充满,携带,含有beaker 烧杯bearing capacity 承重能力belt filter press (污泥)带式脱水机bench 工作台,实验桌,板凳bench-scale 小型的,实验室(规模)的bench scale test 小型试验,实验室试验,模型试验beneficiation 废物回收加工benzene 苯bicarbonate 碳酸氢盐,重碳酸盐bind 粘合,束缚,堵塞bioassay 生物鉴定,活体鉴定biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) 生化需氧量biocoenosis 生物群落biodegradable 可生物降解的biodegradation 生物降解(作用)bio-disc 生物转盘biofilter 生物滤池biogeophysical 生物地球物理的biological filter loading 生物滤池负荷(率)biological phosphate removal 生物除磷酸盐biology 生物学biolysis 生物分解(作用)biomass 生物体群,生物量bioremediation 生物修复bioscrubber 生物洗涤器,生物涤气器biosorption 生物吸附,生物吸收biosphere 生物圈biota 生物群biotic community 生物群集,生物群落biotope 群落生境,环境条件均匀的地方black liquor 黑液(一般指纸浆厂废液)blank assay 空白试验,空白检定blast 鼓风bleaching liquid 漂白液blind ditch 暗沟block diagram 方块图bloom 大量增殖,旺发boiling point depression 沸点降低bomb calorimeter (炸)弹式量热器booster pump 增压泵botanic 植物的boundary layer 边界层branch 支线,支管,分支管brand 标记,牌子breakthrough 穿透,贯穿,泄漏brewery 啤酒厂brine 海水,盐水broth culture 肉汤培养,肉汤培养物bubble aeration 气泡曝气bubbling tower 起泡塔Buchner funnel 布氏漏斗bucker excavator 斗式挖掘机bucket dredger 斗式挖泥船buffer 缓冲液,缓冲剂buffer capacity 缓冲能力,缓冲容量building drain 建筑物内污水总管,建筑排水管building sewer (house sewer) 建筑物外污水总管bulking of activated sludge 活性污泥的膨胀buoyancy force 浮力burette 滴定管bypass 旁通管,超越管,旁路Ccabinet 箱,柜,橱cage rotor 笼式转子cake conveyer 滤饼输送带cake of filter-press 滤块,污泥压滤饼calcination 煅烧,焙烧calcium lime (calcium oxide, CaO) 石灰,生石灰calcium sulphate 石膏,硫酸钙calibration 校准,标定,定标calorie 卡(路里)calorific value 热值capillarity 毛细管作用,毛细现象capillary 毛细管;毛细的,毛细管的capillary suction time 毛细空吸时间(测定污泥过滤性)capital cost 基本(建设)投资,投资费,资本值capital repair 大修(理)carbonaceous compound 含碳化合物carburetor 汽化器carcinogen 致癌物,致癌因素cardiovascular disease 心血管疾病carrier 带菌者,载体cascade级联catabolism 分解代谢catalysis 催化(作用)catalyst 催化剂cataphoresis 电泳catchment 集水区域cathode protection 阴极保护cation 阳离子,正离子cation-exchange softener 阳离子交换软水器cationic surface active agent (cationic surfactant) 阳离子表面活性剂caustic (quick) lime 生石灰,石灰caustic 腐蚀性的,苛性的;苛性药,氢氧化物caveat (防止误解的)说明cavitation 空蚀作用,气蚀作用,空穴作用cavity 空腔cell 小室,细胞,电池,盒cell mass 细胞块cellular protoplasm 细胞原生质cellular 细胞的,多孔的,蜂窝状的cementation 胶结(作用)centigrade thermometer 摄氏温度计centrifugal 离心的cesspool 污水池channel improvement 河道整治characteristic curve of pump 泵的特性曲线characterization 表征,性能描写charcoal 木炭charge 电荷;充(水、气、电等)chart 图表check 核对,阻止,制动装置,支票,联单checklist (核对用的)清单chelating reagent 螯合剂,chemical 化学的;化学品,化学制品chemical engineering unit operation 化工单元操作chemical nomenclature 化学命名法chemical oxygen demand (COD) 化学需氧量chemical resistance 耐化学性,化学抗性chemical stoichiometry 化学计量学chloride 氯化物chloride ion 氯根离子chlorinate (使)氯化,用氯消毒,用氯处理chlorinated lime 漂白粉chlorine feed unit 投氯设备,加氯单元chloroform 氯仿chlorophyll 叶绿素cholera 霍乱chromatography 色层(分离)法chronic pollution 慢性污染,长期污染chronic toxicity test 慢性毒性试验cinder 煤渣,焦渣circulator clarifier 水力(循环)澄清池cistern 蓄水池,贮水器cite 引用,引证clamp 夹子clarificant 澄清剂clarification 澄清,净化classifier (结合沉砂池的)洗砂机,分级机clay 粘土cleaner production 清洁生产climate modification 人工影响气候climatic anomaly 气候异常clinker (煤燃烧后留下的)渣滓,熔渣,熔块closet 盥洗室cloudiness 混浊性,浊度coagulant 混凝剂,凝聚剂coagulant aids 助凝剂coagulation 混凝,凝聚coalesce 凝结,凝聚,合并cocurrent extraction 并流萃取code of practice 工作规程,业务法规cold wave 寒潮coli test 大肠菌试验coliform 大肠的,大肠菌的coliform bacteria 大肠菌,大肠杆菌collecting trough 集水槽collection of classificated refuse 垃圾分类收集collection works 取水构筑物collector 集尘器,浮选促集剂,集电器,集水槽colloid 胶体colloidal 胶态的colony 菌落,群体color cast 色调color index 色度color-developing agent 显色剂colorimeter 比色计colorimetric analysis 比色分析colorimetry 比色法colour (color) 色,色度column plate 塔板combined available residual chlorine 化合性有效剩余氯combined sewage 合流污水,混合污水combined sewage system 合流下水道系统combustion 燃烧commercial formulation 生产配方commercial scale 工业规模commercial waste 商业废物,商业废水commercial 商业的,工业(用)的,大批生产的commercially 大批地commingle 混合,搀和comminute 使细碎,粉碎comminutor 磨碎机,粉碎机common grate 普通格栅communicable disease 传染病community 团体,界,全体居民,地区,社区,居民区,城镇,共同性,共有性,生物种群,群落community pollution 居民区污染,城市污染compaction 压实,压缩,致密化compactor truck 垃圾打包卡车compartment 间,室compensation 补偿,抵消,赔偿,平衡,调整completely miscible 完全混溶的complex 络合物complex ion 络离子component 组分,成分,分力,部件composite sample 混合样品,复合样品composite wastewater sample 混合废水样品composition 组成,成分,结构compost 把……做成堆肥,施堆肥于;堆肥compound fertilizer 复合肥料comprehensive utilization 综合利用compressed air 压缩空气concentrator 浓缩器concerted reaction 协同反应concrete 混凝土condensation 冷凝,凝结,缩合(作用),缩聚(作用)condensation polymerization 缩聚condensation reaction 缩合反应conditioning 调理(使污泥便于脱水)conductivity 传导性,传导率confined water 禁闭水confluence 汇流处,合流congeal 冻结,凝固conical type clarifier 圆锥形澄清池conjunction 联结,结合,连结connate water 原生水conservation 保护,守恒,保持conservation of energy 能量守恒consistence 稠性,相容性,一致性console 控制台consolidation tank (污泥)浓缩池constant rate pump 计量泵constant-head tank 恒水头水池constant-rate period 恒速阶段contact biological filter 接触生物滤池contact oxidation method 接触氧化法container 集装箱continental climate 大陆性气候continental drift 大陆漂移continuum 连续区,连续体contour line 等高线,等值线contour of water table 等水位线contracted weir 收缩堰contraction 收缩,收缩率convalescent 恢复期的convection 对流converging-diverging duct section 收缩-扩大管截面conveyer (conveyor) 传送机conveyor-type scraper 环链板刮泥器coordinate 坐标(系);坐标的coordination 配位correction 校正,改正,纠正correlation 相关(性)corridor 走廊,流槽corrosion inhibitor 缓蚀剂cost 费用,成本cost benefit evaluation 费用-收益评价,成本-效益评价counter current (counterflow)逆流counter force 反作用力counterweight 平衡重,对重covalent bond 共价键covered sludge drying bed 有盖的污泥干化床crack 裂缝cracker 破碎机cradle 支架,机架criterion (criteria) 准则,标准critical 临界的,极限的critical compressive force 临界压力critical point 临界点cross conveyor 横向传送刮板cross current 错流,正交流cross cut test 正交试验cross section 断面,剖面,截面crucible 坩锅crush 破碎crusher 破碎机,砸碎机crystallization 结晶culprit 罪魁祸首, 肇事原因culture 培养基,培养微生物的成长culture medium 培养基,培养物curing 固化,硫化,熟化,处理current repair 小修(理)curve 曲线cycle 循环,周期cyclone 旋流,旋风,气旋器,旋风分离器,旋风除尘器cyclone dust collector 旋风集尘器cyclone scrubber 旋风涤气器cyclone separator 旋风分离器cylinder 钢瓶,(氧)气瓶,圆筒体cytoplasm 细胞质Ddaily flow 日流量,逐日流量dairy waste 牛奶场废水[废物] damped balance 阻尼天平deactivation 钝化作用deaeration unit 脱气装置deafening effect 隔声效果debris 有机残渣,腐质,残骸decantation 倾析,倾泻上层液decay 腐烂,衰变dechlorination 脱氯decibel 分贝decking 盖板,铺面,支撑板declining growth phase 生长衰落期decolorize 漂白de-emulsification 解乳化,破乳化defacing 磨损,损伤外观defecation 澄清deficiency 缺乏deficit 亏空,赤字defoam 去沫,去泡沫defoaming agent 消泡剂,去泡剂deforestation 滥伐,砍伐森林degasification 脱气作用deglaciation 冰消(作用)degradation 降解(作用)dehydration 脱水(作用),去水deionized water 去离子水,无离子水deliquescence 潮解demister 除雾器denitrification 反硝化,脱氮,脱硝(作用)denitrifying bacteria 反硝化细菌densely inhabited district 人口密集区deodorization 除臭作用deoxygenation 脱氧,脱除溶解氧,消氧dephenolizing 除酚,脱酚deposit 沉淀物,沉积物deposition 沉积(作用),沉积物depreciation 折旧depressant 抑制剂depression 减压,降低,抑制,洼地desalination 海水淡化,脱盐(作用)desiccant 干燥剂desiccating agent 干燥剂desulfurization from exhaust 从尾气脱硫detection limit 检出极限detention time 停留时间,逗留时间,滞留时间detergent 洗涤剂,去垢剂detritus 杂粒dialysis 渗析,膜析(渗透离析法)diaphragm 膜片,隔膜differential gauge 压差计diffused aeration 扩散式曝气(法)digester 消化池,煮解器digestion 消化dilute solution 稀溶液dilution 冲淡,稀释dimensionless 无因次的,无量纲的dioxin 二恶英direct-flow demineralization 自流式脱矿质discharge 流出,排出量,排放,放电discharge area 过水面积discharge capacity 流量,排水量,排放量discharge permit 排污许可(证)discharge rate 流量率,排水率,排放率,排放速率discipline 学科,科目discrete settling 离散沉降,单粒沉降dish aerator 浅盘式曝气器disinfectant 消毒剂disinfection 消毒(作用),灭菌(作用)disintegrator 破碎机,碎裂机dismantle 拆开,拆散dismutation 歧化(作用)dispersate 分散质dispersed-air flotation 弥散空气浮选dispersion 分散(作用),弥散(作用)displacement 置换,位移disposal (废弃物)处理,处置disposal of refuse in land fills 垃圾填埋处置dissociation 离解dissolution 溶解dissolve 溶解dissolved oxygen sag curve 溶解氧下垂曲线,氧垂曲线distillation 蒸馏(作用)distributing trough 配水槽,布水槽diurnal variation 昼夜变化,(周)日变DO (dissolved oxygen) 溶解氧dome aerator 圆罩式曝气器domestic demand 生活用水量,居民用水量domestic fecal sewage (家庭)粪便污水domestic refuse 家庭垃圾domestic sewage 生活污水domestic waste 家庭废水,生活废水,家庭垃圾downcomer 下水管,落水管downstream 顺流的,在下游的;顺流地,在下游地draft 草图,通风,汲出,汲水,引通draft fan 引风机draft tube 引通管,引水管drag (流体对悬浮颗粒的)摩阻,曳力drain pit (drain sump) 排水坑drain tile 瓦管drainage 排水,排水设备,排出的水draw 汲,吸,拉,拖dredge 挖掘,清淤dress water 选矿水drought 干旱,旱灾dry weather flow (合流沟管)晴天流量,干季(七天以上无雨)流量dryer 干燥器drying oven 烘箱dual water supply 分质供水durability 耐久性duration 期间,历时durationday 日照长度dust 尘dust cloud 尘云dust fog 尘雾dwelling 住宅,住所dye 染料dyestuff 染料Eeasement 附属建筑物ecological perspective 生态学观点ecological crisis 生态危机ecology 生态学effervescence 起泡,液沸(现象)effervescing 泡腾,起泡,鼓泡(作用)efficient rotation (农作物)有效轮作effluent 出水,出流,排出物ejection 喷射ejector 喷射器,射流器,喷射泵electric precipitation 电除尘electrode potential 电极电位electrodialysis 电渗析electrogalvanizing 电镀锌electrolysis 电解electrolyte 电解质,电解液electrolytic dissociation (ionization) 电离electromagnetic flowmeter 电磁流量计electromotive forces 电动势electrophoresis 电泳electroplating 电镀electrostatic precipitator 静电除尘器element 要素,元素,单元,单体,元件,部件,组成部分,(pl.)(基本)原理,基础elevated 高架的elevated reservoir 高地水库elevated tank 高位水箱elevation 高度,高程,海拔elevator 提升器,升降机elimination 去除,消除,消去elutriation 淘洗embrittlement 脆化emergency basin 备用池emergency bypass 事故旁路emergency outlet 事故出水口emergency water supply 应急给水,事故给水emission 散发,排放,排放物emission standard 排放标准empirical equation 经验方程emulsification 乳化emulsify 乳化emulsion 乳浊液enclosure 围档物,围墙endogenous phase 内生相(发生于体内的)endogenous respiration (细胞新陈代谢的)内源呼吸endothermic 吸热的engender 产生,造成,引起enmeshment 网捕,使陷入网中enrichment 富集entrap 收集,捕集,诱捕,截留entropy 熵environmental disruption 环境破坏environmental disturbance 环境破坏environmental impact 环境影响environmental monitoring 环境监测enzyme 酶equalization 均衡equipment availability 设备完好率erecting diagram 安装图erosion 侵蚀,冲刷,冲蚀eruption 喷发ester 酯estuary (沿海的)河口etch 蚀刻,侵蚀,蚀刻剂ethane 乙烷ethanol 乙醇,酒精etherification 醚化(作用)ethylene 乙烯eutrophication 富营养化evacuate 抽真空,抽出,排出(气)evaluation 评价evaporation 蒸发evergreen shrub 常绿灌木evolution 进化,演化,发育enclosure 围挡物exclude 排除excrement 排泄物,粪便exhaust 抽空,排尽,废气,排出的气;排出的,废的exhaust duct 排气导管exhaust fan 排风扇exhaust gas 尾气,废气,排气exhausted liquid 废液exogenous 外生的(有机体外的),外源性的exothermic 放热的expenditure of energy 能量消耗exploitation 开发,开采,利用,运行,操作,剥削exposure 暴露,曝露,接触,照射exposure dose 接触剂量exposure to pollutant 曝露于污染物中,接触污染物extended aeration 延时曝气(法)extraction 萃取,提取Ffabric filter 布袋过滤器facility 设施facultative 兼性的facultative aerobe 兼性好氧菌,兼性需氧菌facultative anaerobe 兼性厌气菌,兼性厌氧菌fallout measurement 散落物测定fall overturn 秋季翻转fat and oil 脂和油(油脂)fat trap 聚油脂阱fault 故障fauna 动物群feed 进料feeding installation 供水装置,投加装置fell trees 砍树,伐木felling operation 伐木工作fen 沼泽fermentation 发酵fertilizing value of sludge 污泥的肥料价值field 田地,现场,……场field observation 野外观察field survey 现场调查filament 纤丝,丝状体filamentous organisms 含丝状体的生物体fill 填满,填筑fill and draw 间歇式,注排法filler 填料filter 滤池,过滤filter aid 助滤剂filter medium 滤料,过滤介质filter paper 滤纸filter press 压滤机filter run 过滤周期,滤池运行周期filter screen 滤网filtrate 滤液(从污泥脱水滤出的)filtration 过滤final clarifier 最后澄清池,终沉池fine gravel 细卵石fine screen 细筛finish 光洁度,涂层,面层finished product 成品finishing 精修,精制,精加工,最终加工fire hydrant 消火栓first approximation 一级近似first order reaction 一级反应fish culture in stream 河道养鱼fishery 渔业,水产业,渔场fittings 配件,零件fixation of nitrogen 氮固定,固氮fixed matter 固定物质,不挥发物质fixed-bridge scraper 固定桥下刮泥器(用于辐射沉淀池)fixture 装置,工件夹具flammability 可燃性,易燃性flange 法兰,凸缘,突缘flash mixer 快速混合器,闪急混合器flask 烧瓶flat bottom 平底flat floor 平底flexible tube 软管floatation 漂浮,浮选floating scum 浮渣floating-cover digester 浮盖式消化池floc 絮凝物,絮粒,絮体,绒粒(俗称矾花)flocculant 絮凝剂flocculation 絮凝(作用)flooded area洪泛区,淹没地面flora 植物群flotation 浮选,气浮flow diagram 流程图flow meter 流量计flow pattern 流型flow rate 流量,流速flow sheet 流程图flue gas 烟道气,烟气flue gas desulfurization system 烟气脱硫系统fluidized bed 流化床flume 水槽,斜槽flush (强液体流)冲洗,清洗,冲水flushback 反冲洗fly ash 燃烧的烟尘,飞灰foam 泡沫;起泡沫,发泡沫foam recycle 泡沫(再)循环,泡沫回流food-borne illness 由食物传染疾病forced draft (draught) cooling tower 强制通风冷却塔forced ventilation 强制通风,机械通风foreign gas 杂质气体forest conservancy 森林保护forest deterioration 森林破坏formaldehyde 甲醛formation 地(岩)层fossil fuel 矿物燃料,化石燃料fractional distillation 分馏fractionation 分馏,分级,分数化free (available) chlorine 游离(有效)氯free labor 无偿劳动free radical 游离基,自由基fresh water 淡水fresh water aquiculture 淡水养殖friability 易碎性,脆性friction 摩擦full scale 实物尺寸的,大规模的,工业规模的,全刻度的fume 烟,烟气fuming nitric acid 发烟硝酸fungal component 共生菌fungi(pl.)菌类fungus (单数)菌,真菌furrow 沟槽Ggadget 小装置gage (gauge) 表,计,规尺galvanic cell 原电池galvanization 镀锌gamma ray detector γ 射线探测器garbage 垃圾,废料,污物,厨余,食品加工废物gas collector 集气罩,气体收集器gaseous waste 废气gasification 气化gel 凝胶,冻胶gene 基因gene conversion 基因转换gene duplication 基因复制genesis 成因,起源genus 类,种类geologic survey 地质调查geological examination 地质调查,地质勘测geosphere 陆界,陆圈,岩石圈germ 细菌,病菌germicidal 杀菌的germicide 杀菌剂germination 发芽,生长,产生,晶核化,长晶核gland 压盖(俗称“格兰”),密封装置glucose 葡萄糖grab sample 临时样品,单一样品grade of grain 颗粒级配grade of slope 坡度gradient 坡度,梯度grain size 颗粒大小,粒度grain size grading 粒径分级gram-equivalent weight 克当量Gram-positive 格兰阳性,革兰氏阳性grand canyon 大峡谷granular 粒状的,颗粒的graph 标绘图,线图graphical symbol 图例,图解符号graphite 石墨grate 格栅gravel 卵石,砾石gravimetric analysis 重量分析gravimetry 重量分析法gravity filtration 重力过滤gravity flow 自流,重力流gravity separator 重力沉降分离器gravity thickening 重力增稠grease content 油脂含量grease trap 油分离阱,油脂捕集器green belt 绿化地带green-house effect 温室效应grinder 磨碎机grinding 磨碎grit (污水中的)粗砂,杂粒,硬渣grit chamber 沉砂池,杂粒池gross 总的,粗的ground vegetation 地面植被gypsum 石膏Hhabitat (动植物)生活境地,栖息地handling 处理,输送,装卸handling operation 装卸操作[作业] handling characteristic 处理特性harvest 收成,产量,收获(物,量);收获,收割haul 搬运,运程,运输量;用力拖(或拉),搬运,运输hauling charges 运费hauling equipment 运输设备hazardous 有害的,危险的hazardous waste 危险废物heat insulation 隔热heat release 放热heavily polluted 严重污染的herbicide 除草剂hereditary variation 遗传变异heterogeneous 非均匀的,多相的heterotrophic bacteria 异养菌high (low) flush tank 高(低)冲洗水箱high lift pump 高压泵high-rate 高负荷(率)的,高速的high-rate composting 高速[高效]堆肥high-rate digestion 高速[高效]消化hi-volume sampler 大体积取样器holder 储罐,夹具,架座holding tank 储料罐,收集槽homeostasis 生物体中的平衡homogeneous 均相的,均匀的,单一的hood 通风橱horizontal flow 平流hose 软管,水龙带household refuse 家庭垃圾humic acid 腐殖酸humidification 增湿(作用)humidity 湿度hybrid reaction 混合反应hybrid 杂化的,混合的,桥接的hydrant 消防龙头,消火栓hydrate 水合物hydration 水合(作用)hydraulic circular clarifier 水力循环澄清池hydraulic element 水力要素hydraulic sloughing 水力脱膜hydraulic stirring device 水力搅拌设备hydraulic subsiding value 水力沉降值hydrocarbon 烃,碳氢化合物hydrochloric acid 盐酸hydrology 水文学hydrophilic 亲水的,吸水的hydrophobic 恐水的,疏水的hydrostatical pressure 静水压力,流体静压力hydroxide 氢氧化物hydroxide ion 氢氧离子,羟离子hydroxyl ion 氢氧根离子,羟基离子hygienic 卫生的,卫生学的hyperfiltrate 超滤hypochlorite 次氯酸盐hypochlorite of lime 次氯酸钙,漂白粉Iimmersion 浸没,浸水immiscibility 不混溶性immobilized enzyme 固相酶,固定化酶impact allowance 冲击容许量impeller 叶轮impervious strata 不透水层impingement 碰撞,冲击,打击impingement plate tower 冲击式板式塔impinger 碰撞取样器,空气采集器impoundage 集水区impounding reservoir 蓄水池impulse 冲击,冲动,冲量,脉冲in block form 巨块状,成大块in bulk 散装,桶装in lumps 块团状incineration 焚化incinerator 焚化炉inclined tube settler 斜管沉淀器incremental loading (stepped feeding) 分段投加污水incrustation 结壳,外壳,表面装饰incubate (细菌)培养incubator 恒温箱,培养箱index 指数,索引,指标indicator organisms 指示性生物体,指示生物induced draft mechanical cooling tower 抽风式机械通风冷却塔industrial nuisance 工业公害inert filler 惰性填料inertia 惯性,惯量infection 传染infest 侵扰infiltration 渗透,渗入inflammability 可燃性,易燃性inflammable 可燃的,易燃的inflow 入流,流入物,流入(量),进水,进气influent 进水,入流infrared absorption spectrum 红外吸收光谱infrared gas analyzer 红外线气体分析仪ingest 摄入,摄取ingredient 成分,组成部分,配料,要素ingress 进口,进入ingress of groundwater 地下水侵入inherent moisture 固有水分inheritance 遗传inhibitor 抑制剂initial concentration 起始浓度initial interface velocity (rate of hindered settling) 悬浮物初始沉降速度initiation 引发,启动,开始injection 注射,喷射injector 注射器,喷射器inland water 内陆水体inlet 进水口,进口,雨水口inlet chamber 进口室,入流井inoculant 变质剂,孕育剂inoculate 给……接种,移植,嫁接inodourous 无臭气的,无气味的insecticide 杀虫剂installation 装置,设备instantaneous flow rate 瞬时流量instruction manual 使用手册instrument 仪器intact 完整的intake 取水口intake of water works 水厂取水口integrated control 综合防治integrated oxidation ditch 一体化氧化沟integrated plant protection 综合植物保护intercepting chamber 截流井interception 截流interceptor 截流管,截水沟interdisciplinary 各学科之间的,跨学科的interfacial active agent 界面活性剂interfacial tension 界面张力intermediate water supply 中水道interpolation 内插法interstice 空隙,孔interstitial 间隙的,空隙的,隙间的intestine 内部的,国内的;(pl.)肠intraparticle 粒子内的intrinsic energy 内能,本征能inundation 淹没,泛滥,水灾,洪水inventory 清单,目录,报表inversion layer 逆温层invert 管内底inverted-siphon 倒虹管iodide 碘化物iodine 碘iodometric titration method 碘量滴定法ion exchange resin 离子交换树脂ion migration 离子迁移,离子移动ion product 离子积ion-exchange membrane 离子交换膜ionization 电离(作用),离子化(作用)irrigation farming 灌溉农业isoelectric point 等电点isomer (同分)异构体isomerism 同分异构现象isotherm 等温线isotope 同位素Jjar 罐,瓶,(刺耳的)噪声jar test 搅拌试验,混凝试验,瓶式检验jelly 胶冻jet 喷射,射流jet aeration 射流曝气jet ejector 射流泵jetting machine 高压水清洗机junk 废料,废物;丢弃,丢掉jury pump 备用泵juxtaposition 并列,并置Kkeep clear of 避开,不接触Kjeldahl nitrogen 总有机氮kraft mill wastewater 制浆废水Llabeled compound 标记化合物lag growth 滞后生长lagoon 氧化塘,污水塘laminar flow 层流land disposal 地面排放,地面处置land irrigation (污水)地面灌溉land subsidence 地面沉降land treatment 地面(灌溉)处理landfill 土地掩埋,填埋landscape and recreation waterbody 景观和娱乐水体LAS 线性烷基苯磺酸盐(软性洗涤剂)latent heat 潜热lateral sewer 旁支沟管laundry waste 洗衣房废水lavatory 盥洗室lawsuit 诉讼leach 浸出,浸析;滤灰槽,沥滤器leachate (垃圾堆)渗滤液,沥滤液,浸出液leaching 浸取,浸提,渗洗leaching cesspool 渗污井,污水坑leather waste 皮革废水lethal dose 致死剂量level-sensing device 水位显示装置life 寿命,生命,生活life expectancy 预期寿命,预计期限lift head 扬程light catalyzed chlorine oxidation 光催化氯氧化liquefaction 液化liquefied gas 液化气liquefy 液化liquor 液litter 乱丢的废物,垃圾local exhaust ventilation 局部排气通风logger 记录器log-growth phase 对数生长期longevity 长寿,耐久性,存活力longitudinal 纵向的,经度的loop seal 环形管水封,回路水封loss on ignition 烧灼减重low flow year 枯水年low lift pump 低压泵Mmagnetic stirring 磁力搅拌magnitude of traffic flow 交通流量main drain 总排水管maintenance 维护make-up water 补给水malnutrition 营养不良malodorous 恶臭的manhole 检查井,窨井,人孔manipulation (手工)操作manometer (流体)压力计,(流体)压差计manure 肥料,粪肥marine deposits 海底沉积物marsh 沼泽,湿地marsh gas 沼气mass 大块,质量mass action law 质量作用定律mass balance 物料衡算mass growth 群体生长mass spectrograph 质谱仪mass transfer 质量转移,传质material balance 物料平衡,物料衡算matrix 模型,杂矿石,矩阵,基体maturation 成熟mean 中间,平均值,中项;中间的,平均的,下等的mean particle diameter 平均粒径measured day work 计时日工(计量的一日工作量)measurement 测定,量度measuring flask 容量瓶meat processing waste water 肉类加工废水meat-packing waste 肉类包装废水mechanism 机构,机构学,机理,机制membrane separation 膜分离mesh 网眼mesophilic 中温的,嗜温的metabolic respiration 新陈代谢的呼吸metabolism 新陈代谢metal processing and finishing 金属加工及修饰metatrophic 间营养的,介营养的(介于营养与非营养之间)methane 甲烷,沼气method of images 源象法micellae (micelle) 胶束microfiltration 微(孔过)滤microscope 显微镜micro-strainer 微滤机milling 研磨mineral acid 无机酸mineral matter 矿物质mineralization 矿化作用,(有机物的)无机化(作用)mining waste 采矿废水miscellaneous (混)杂的,杂项的,各种各样的,多方面的;其他mist 轻雾mixing impeller 搅拌叶轮model 模式,模型model test 模型试验,小规模试验modification 改变,改进modified 改变的,改良的,修改的modified starch 改性淀粉molecular sieve 分子筛moor 荒野,沼morbidity 发病率,每十万人的病例数morphology 形态学mortality 致命性moss 沼泽MPN (most probable number) 最概然数,最可能的数(目)mud 污泥,泥浆muffler 消声器,减声器multimedia 多种介质的,多种手段的,多种方式的multipurposeuse of waste 废物综合利用municipal 城市的,市政的municipal refuse 城市垃圾municipal sewage 城市污水mutagenesis 致突变作用mutagenic 诱变的,致突变的mutation 突变Nnascent oxygen 初生氧,新生氧natural circulation 自然环流natural conservation 自然保护neck 颈,颈部niche 小生境,适当的位置,适当的场所nightsoil 人粪尿,粪便nitrate nitrogen 硝酸盐氮nitric acid 硝酸nitrification (氮的) 硝化(作用)nitrifying bacteria 硝化菌nitrite nitrogen 亚硝酸盐氮Nitrobacter 硝化杆菌nitrogeneous compound 含氮化合物Nitrosomonas 亚硝化毛杆菌(使氨氧化为亚硝酸盐)noise elimination 噪声消除noise level 噪声级noise silencer 噪声抑制器nomogram 列线图,诺模图non-ferrous metals 非铁金属, 有色金属normal solution 当量溶液noxious 有害的nuisance 讨厌物,公害nuisanceless technology 无公害工艺nutrient 营养物,养料Oobjectionable 讨厌的,不适合的,不能采用的,不好的,有害的objectionable impurity 有害杂质obligate aerobes 专性需氧菌,专性好氧菌obnoxious 讨厌的occupational disease 职业病ocean disposal 向海洋排放ocean dumping 向海洋投弃,向海洋倾倒odor (odour) 臭味,气味(指香味和臭味)odor and taste 臭味和水味odorant (odorous substance) 恶臭物质of interest 值得注意的,有关的,重要的offensive industry 有毒工业,有害工业offscum 脱浮渣oil separate tank 隔油池oil separator 分油器,油水分离器,隔油池oil-and-water trap 油水收集器,油水阱olfaction 嗅觉olfactory sense 嗅觉oligotrophic 贫营养的on-site treatment systems 就地处理系统open channel flow 明渠流open ditch 明渠operating rules 操作规程operation manual (产品)使用说明书operational research 运筹学opposing reaction 对抗反应,对峙反应order of magnitude 数量级order of reaction 反应级数ordinance 法令,条例ordinary pressure 常压organic carbon(OC) 有机碳organic polyelectrolyte 有机高分子电解质organic polymer 有机聚合物organism 有机体,生物体organometallic compound 有机金属化合物orifice column 筛板塔original concentration 原始浓度ORP (oxidation。
环评术语词汇大全
A名词转换:按比例采样proportional sampling从流动水中采样的技木。
在不连续采样时,其采祥次数或连续采样的流速与所采水的流速成正比。
名词转换:a系数alpha factor在活性污泥污水处理设备中,混合液与清洁水中氧传递系数之比。
名词转换:氨的气提ammoniastripping通过碱化和通气去除水中氨化合物的一种方法。
名词转换:岸滤bank filtration为了改善水质,引导河水透过岸边砂砾层而进行的过滤(集水并中把水抽到砂砾层,形成水力梯度)名词转换:氨化作用ammonification细菌转化含氮化合物为铵离子的过程B名词转换:β系数beta factor在活性污泥污水处理设备中,混合液中溶解氧饱和值与同一温度和气压下清洁水中溶解氧饱和值之比。
名词转换:半致死浓度(LC50)lethal concentration(LC50)在一特定接触时间内,使受试生物半数致死的毒物浓度。
通常是连续接触毒物,以LC50表示。
名词转换:半静态毒性试验semi-static toxicity test(定期更换受试液的毒性试验toxicity test with intermittent renewal)按比较长的间隔时间(如12或24小时)分批更换大部分(大于95%)试液;或定期(一般每隔24小时)将生物转移到与该毒物试验开始时相同浓度新配制的试液中。
名词转换:保守性物质conservative substance (持久性物质persistent substance;难分解物质质recalcitrant substance;难分解物质质recalcitrant substance;难处理物refractory substance)自然过程中化学组分不变化,或者变化极缓慢的物质。
例如;在污水处理过程中不能生物降解酶物质。
名词转换:病原体pathogen能够在易感染的植物、动物(包括人)体内引起疾病的生物。
环境科学与工程专业英语词汇必备
环境科学与工程专业英语词汇必备Quality is the life of an enterprise. December 2, 2022环境科学与工程专业词汇包括环境学总论、环境地学、环境生物学、环境化学、环境物理学、环境工程学、环境医学、环境经济学、环境管理学、环境法学、环境教育等11大类;环境学总论原生环境primary environment次生环境secondary environment生态示范区ecological demonstrate area环境地质学environmental geology 环境地球化学environmental geo-chemistry环境土壤学environmental soil science环境微生物学environmental microbiology环境危机environmental crisis环境保护environmental protection 环境预测environmental forecasting环境自净environmental self-purification环境效应environmental effect环境容量environmental capacity环境演化evolution of environment 环境舒适度environmental comfort 环境背景值本底值environmental background value环境保护产业环保产业environmental production industry 环境壁垒绿色壁垒environmental barrier绿色革命green revolution可持续发展sustainable development第三类环境问题社会环境问题the third environmental problem悬浮物suspended solids一次污染物primary pollutant二次污染物secondary pollutant全球性污染global pollution 排污收费pollution charge可更新资源renewable resources不可更新资源non-renewable resources自然保护区natural reserve area防护林protection forest公害public nuisance矿山公害mining nuisance工业废水industrial waste water矿山废水mining drainage生活饮用水domestic potable water 草原退化grassland degeneration沙漠化desertification人口压力population pressure人口净增率rate of population全球环境监测系统global environment monitoring system GEMS中国环境保护工作方针Chinese policy for environment protection “三同时”原则principle of “the three at the same time”二恶英公害dioxine nuisance马斯河谷烟雾事件disaster in Meuse Valley多诺拉烟雾事件disaster in Donora 伦敦烟雾事件disaster in London水俣病事件minamata disease incident骨痛病事件itai-itai disaster incident洛杉矶光化学烟雾事件Los Angeles photochemical smog episode四日市哮喘事件Yokkaichi asthma episode米糠油事件Yusho disease incident环境地学水圈hydrosphere水循环water circulation地面水地表水surface water 水位water level下渗入渗sinking蒸发evaporation最高水位highest water level 最低水位lowest water level 平均水位average water level 警戒水位warning water level 流速flow velocity流量discharge洪水期flood season枯水期low-water season冲刷washout含水层aquifer隔水层不透水层aquiclude透水层permeable stratum层间水interlayer water承压水有压层间水confined water 或自流水artesian water孔隙水void water岩溶水喀斯特水karst water径流runoff flow地表径流runoff地下水ground water流域保护water basin protection淡水fresh water咸水saltwater降水precipitation沉淀降水量amount of precipitation降水强度intensity of precipitation水环境容量carrying capacity of water environment水土流失土壤侵蚀soil and water loss点源污染point source pollution面源污染non-point source pollution扩散diffusion涡流eddy current涡流扩散eddy diffusion富营养化废水eutrophic waste-water污水sewage漫灌flood irritation水底沉积物底质或底泥benthal deposit总固体total solids悬浮固体suspended solids总溶解固体total dissolved solids 河流复氧常数constant of river reoxygenation湖泊酸化lake acidification富营养化eutrophication富营养湖eutrophic lake中营养湖mesotrophic lake贫营养湖oligotrophic lake水库reservoir海洋处置sea disposal海底采样sea floor sample赤潮红潮red tide海水淡化desalination of seawater 海底沉积物sea bottom sediment海洋倾倒ocean dumping水质water quality水资源综合利用water resource integrated utilization水土保持soil and water conservation河道整治channel improvement水污染毒性生物评价biological assessment of water pollution toxicity水利工程hydro-engineering水体自净self-purification of water body水环境保护功能区水质功能区functional district of water environment土地处理系统land treatment system土地沙漠化land desertification 土壤肥力soil fertility土壤酸碱度soil acidity and alkalinity土壤污染防治prevention and treatment of soil pollution土壤盐渍化土壤盐碱化soil salination土壤酸化soil acidification母质土壤母质或成土母质parent material土壤剖面soil profile腐殖质化humification淋溶作用leaching土壤改良soil improvement土壤粒级soil separate土壤质地soil texture缓冲作用buffering/buffer action 缓冲剂buffering agent/buffer缓冲容量buffer capacity盐基饱和度base saturation percentage灌溉irrigation富里酸fuvic acid胡敏素humin土壤团聚体soil aggregate 土壤退化土壤贫瘠化soil degeneration土壤地带性soil zonality污水灌溉wastewater irrigation臭氧层ozone layer降水precipitation降水量rainfall降水强度precipitation intensity大气环境容量atmospheric environmental capacity事后评价afterwards assessment烟尘消除elimination of smoke and dust温室效应greenhouse effect大气扩散atmospheric diffusion烟羽烟流或羽流plume逆温inversion环境生物学生境habitat耐受极限limits of tolerance 最小因子定律law of minimum 生物检测bioassay环境胁迫environmental stress 生物多样性bio-diversity生态位niche生命周期life cycle生态型ecotype自养生物autotrophy异养生物heterotroph指数增长exponential growth 互利共生mutualism偏利共生commensalisms寄生parasitism衍生物derivative杀虫剂insecticide杀菌剂fungicide除草剂herbicide防腐剂preservative杀鼠剂rodenticide无残留农药non-persistent pesticide植物性农药phytopesticide污水灌溉sewage irrigation 世界自然历史遗产保护地world natural and historical heritage site储量stock过度捕获over-hunting; over-fishing猎渔期open season农业残渣agricultural dregs赤潮red tide藻花algae bloom/水花water bloom 原生污染物primary pollutant次生污染物secondary pollutant急性毒性实验acute toxicity test 慢性毒性实验chronic toxicity test预备实验screening test; range-finding test; preliminary test稀释dilution归宿fate生物积累bioaccumulation生物浓缩bioconcentration生物放大biomagnification生物降解biological degradation; biodegradation生物营养物质biotic nutrient多污生物带polysaprobic zone中污生物带mesosaprobic zone寡污生物带oligosaprobic zone敏感种sensitive species; intolerant organism耐污种tolerant species生物滤池biological filter净化塘/氧化塘/生物塘purification pond生物膜biomembrane; biological film轮作crop rotation间作intercropping套种interplanting基塘模式farm land and fish pond model 防护林带shelter belt沼气marsh gas农家肥farm manure堆肥piled manure城市热岛效应urban heat island effect城市生态规划urban ecological planning环境激素endocrine disrupting chemicals; endocrine disruptors 边缘效应edge effect生态恢复ecological restoration 恢复生态学restoration ecological环境化学甲基汞methyl mercury镉米cadmium rice农药残留pesticide residue有机氯农药organochlorine pesticide有机磷农药organophosphorous pesticide氨基甲酸酯杀虫剂carbamate insecticide拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂pyrethroid insecticide植物生长调节剂growth regulator 化学致癌物chemical carcinogen 表面活性剂surfactant多氯联苯类polychlorinated biphenyls;PCBs多环芳烃类polyaromtic hydrocarbon; PAH催化催化作用catalysis臭氧化ozonization光化学氧化剂photochemical oxidant过氧乙酰硝酸酯peroxyacetyl nitrate;PAN干沉降dry deposition湿沉降wet deposition光化学烟雾photochemical smog 大气光化学atmospheric photochemistry 降水化学precipitation chemistry 气溶胶化学aerosol chemistry悬浮颗粒物suspended particulate 总悬浮颗粒物total suspended particulatesTSP飘尘可吸入颗粒物或可吸入尘airborne particle降尘落尘dustfall;falling dust气溶胶aerosol水质water quality盐度salinity氧化还原电位oxidation-reduction potential;redox potential溶解氧dissolved oxygen化学需氧量chemical oxygen demand 生化需氧量biochemical oxygen demand总有机碳total organic carbon溶解度solubility聚集aggregation絮凝flocculation凝聚coagulation离子交换ion exchange萃取extraction缓冲溶液buffer solution氧平衡模式氧垂曲线oxygen balance model吸收剂吸附剂absorbent活性炭active carbon氧化剂oxidant还原剂reductant胶团micelle胶体溶液colloidal solution脱硫剂desulfurization agent电渗析electrodialysis萃取剂extracting agent过滤filter絮凝剂flocculant;flocculating agent无机絮凝剂inorganic flocculant 有机高分子絮凝剂organic polymer flocculant中和法neutralization反渗透膜reverse osmosis membrane 硅胶silica gel蒸汽蒸馏steam distillation超滤膜ultrafilter membrane灵敏度sensitivity准确度accuracy精密度precision可靠性reliability检测限detection limit相对误差relative error绝对误差absolute error偶然误差accidental error平均偏差mean deviation采样误差sampling error标准溶液standard solution标准物质standard substance允许误差allowable error允许浓度allowable concentration 微量分析microanalysis痕量分析trace analysis现场分析in-situ analysis仪器分析instrumental analysis水质分析water quality analysis 比色分析colorimetric analysis沉降分析sedimentation analysis 自动分析automatic analysis原子吸收分光光度法atomic absorption spectrophotometry原子吸收分光光度计atomic absorption spectrophotometer原子荧光光谱法atomic fluorescence spectrometry 原子荧光光谱仪atomic fluorescence spectrometer电化学分析法electrochemical method高效液相色谱法high performance liquid chromatography高效液相色谱仪high performance liquid chromatograph气相色谱分析gas chromatography气相色谱仪gas chromatograph采样器sampler大气采样器air sampler底泥采样器sediment samplerpH计pH meter湿度计hygrometer固定大气污染源stationary sources of air pollution移动大气污染源mobile sources of air pollution固定式水污染源stationary sources of water pollution移动式水污染源mobile sources of water pollution污染负荷pollution load污染源调查survey of pollution sources无污染工艺pollution-free technology无污染装置pollution-free installation污染物总量控制total amount control of pollution水质参数water quality parameter 水温water temperature色度color index透明度transparency混浊度turbidity硬度hardness感官污染指标sensuous pollution index毒理学污染指标physical pollution index化学污染指标chemical pollution index细菌学污染指标bacteriological pollution index毒理学污染指标toxicological pollution index城市污水municipal sewage生活污水domestic sewage工业废水industrial wastewater常规分析指标index of routine analysis环境监测environmental monitoring 过程监测course monitoring污染物排放标准pollution discharge standard总量排放标准total amount of pollution discharge standard优先监测priority monitoring环境优先污染物environmental priority pollutant总固体total solids可吸入微粒可吸入尘和飘尘inhale particles浊度计turbidimeter实验室质量控制laboratory quality conrol空白实验值blank value平行样duplicate samples再现性重现性reproducibility重复性repeatability回收率recovery rate检出限detection limit冷原子吸收法cold-vapor atomic absorption method紫外吸收光谱法ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry 重量分析gravimetric analysis内标法internal marker method定性分析qualitative analysis定量分析quantitive analysis试样前处理pre-treatment均值mean value标准差standard error方差variation回归分析regression analysis相关分析correlation analysis相关系数correlation coefficient 系统误差systematic error随机误差random error有效数字valid figure农药残留分析pesticide residue analysis排污收费effluent charge室内空气污染indoor air pollution 水体自净self-purification of water body水土保持soil and water conservation水土流失soil erosion土壤修复soil-remediation生物修复bioremediation光降解photodegradation温室气体greenhouse gases总量收费total quantity charge超临界流体supercritical fluid土壤采样soil pollution环境物理学光辐射光visible radiation 红外线infrared ray紫外线ultraviolet ray灭菌灯bactericidal lamp 光污染light pollution噪声污染noise pollution 混响reverberation听力损失hearing loss绝对湿度absolute humidity相对湿度relative humidity饱和度saturation ratio冷凝condensation露点温度dew point temperature热辐射thermal radiation比热specific heat空气调节air conditioning通风ventilation环境工程学环境污染综合防治integrated prevention and control of pollution环境功能区划environmental function zoning稀释比dilution ratio迁移transfer紊流扩散turbulent diffusion氧亏亏氧量oxygen deficit复氧reaeration溶解氧下垂曲线dissolved-oxygen sag curve饱和溶解氧saturated dissolved 无污染燃料pollution-free fuel 燃烧combustion空气-燃料比air-to-fuel ratio 烟气分析analysis of flue gas煤的综合利用comprehensive utilization of coal脱硫desulfurization 除尘效率particle collection efficiency分割粒径cut diameter for particles压力损失压力降pressure drop机械除尘器mechanical collector 重力沉降室gravity settling chamber惯性除尘器inertial dust separator旋风除尘器cyclone collector回流式旋风除尘器reverse-flow cyclone collector直流旋风除尘器straight-through cyclone collector多管旋风除尘器multiple cyclone collector过滤除尘器filter袋式除尘器bag house滤料filtration media气布比air-to-cloth ratio机械振动清灰袋式除尘器bag house with shake cleaning逆气流清灰袋式除尘器bag house with reverse-flow cleaning脉冲喷吹清灰袋式除尘器bag house with pulse-jet cleaning静电除尘electrostatic precipitator ESP 电晕放电corona discharge驱进速度drift velocity集尘极collecting electrode板间距distance between collecting electrodes电极清灰removal of collected particle from electrodes宽间距静电除尘器wide space electrostatic precipitator高压脉冲静电除尘器pulse charging electrostatic precipitator湿式静电除尘器wet electrostatic precipitator 双区静电除尘器两段式电除尘器two-stage electrostatic precipitator 湿式除尘器wet collector of particulates重力喷雾洗涤器gravitational spray scrubber旋风洗涤器centrifugal scrubber 中心喷雾旋风洗涤器cyclone spray scrubber泡沫洗涤塔foam tower scrubber填料床洗涤器packed bed scrubber 文丘里洗涤器venturi scrubber双膜理论two-film theory气膜控制gas film control液膜控制liquid film control穿透曲线break through curve催化剂catalyst 催化剂中毒poisoning of catalyst 烟气脱硫flue gas desulfurization FGD湿法脱硫wet process of FGD石灰-石灰石法脱硫desulfurization by lime and limestone氨吸收法脱硫ammonia process of FGD干法脱硫dry process FGD吸收法控制氮氧化物control of NOx by absorption水吸收法脱氮control of NOxby absorption process with water酸吸收法脱氮control of NOxby absorption process with acid碱吸收法脱氮control of NOxby absorption process with alkali吸附法控制氮氧化物control of NOx by adsorption分子筛吸附法脱氮control of NOxby adsorption process with molecular sieve硅胶吸附法脱氮control of NOxby adsorption process with silica gel气体生物净化biotreatment of gaseous pollutant生物过滤器biofilter汽车尾气污染pollution of automobile exhaust gal生物脱臭biotreatment of oder集气罩capture hood 烟囱有效排放高度effective height of emmission清洁生产cleaner production矿山废水mining drainage电镀废水electroplating wastewater给水处理厂water treatment plant 污水处理厂wastewater treatment给水污水处理构筑物water sewagetreatment structure污水集水井swage joining well废水调节池wastewater flow equalization basin格栅grill筛网grid screen沉砂池grit settling tank曝气沉砂池aeration grit settling tank平流式沉砂池horizontal grit settling tank立式圆形沉砂池vertical circular grit settling tank圆形周边运动沉砂池circular perimeter flow grit settling tank 重力排砂grit discharge by gravity水力提升排砂grit discharge with hydraulic elevator水力旋流器hydraulic cyclone沉淀池settling tank重力沉淀池gravity settling tank 浓缩式沉淀池thickening settling tank 斜板斜管沉淀池sloping plankpipesettling tank辐流式沉淀池radial settling tank 平流式沉淀池horizontal settling tank竖流式沉淀池vertical settling tank悬浮污泥澄清池suspended sludge clarifier脉冲澄清池pulse clarifier水力循环澄清池hydraulic circulating clarifier竖流折板絮凝池vertical table flap flocculating tank机械搅拌絮凝池mechanical mixing flocculating tank颗粒自由沉降particle free sediment 絮凝沉降flocculation sedimentation拥挤沉降hindered sedimentation 气浮池floatation basin加压溶气气浮法pressuredissolved-air floatation微电解法micro electroanalysis过滤池filter重力过滤法gravity filtration process 压力过滤法pressure filtration process真空过滤法vacuum filtration process快滤池rapid filtration慢滤池slow filtration接触滤池contact filter双向滤池bidirectional filter双层滤料滤池double layer filter 无阀滤池non-valve filter虹吸滤池siphon filter压力滤池pressure filterV型滤池aquazur V-filter砂滤sand filtration微滤机microstrainer滤池冲洗强度backwashing intensity of filter滤层filter material layer滤料承托层holding layer for filter material斜板隔油沉淀池oil trap with slope plank冷却塔cooling tower湿式氧化法wet oxidation process 反应池reaction basin叶轮搅拌器turbine mixer膜分离法membrane separation method半渗透膜semi-permeable membrane 电渗析electrodialysis反渗透reverse osmosis 离子交换膜ion exchange membrane 萃取extraction汽提stripping吹脱法blow-off method臭氧氧化法ozonation臭氧发生器ozonator磁分离法magnetic isolation method光催化氧化optical catalysis oxidation软化水处理softening water treatment石灰-纯碱软化法lime-sodium carbonate softening method废水好氧/厌氧处理biological aerobic/anaerobic treatment of wastewater微生物内源代谢microorganism intrinsic metabolism微生物合成代谢microorganism synthetic metabolism基质分解代谢substrate degradation metabolism活性污泥法activated sludge process回流污泥return sludge剩余污泥surplus sludge初次沉淀池primary sedimentation basin 曝气池aeration推流式曝气池plug-flow aeration basin完全混合曝气池completely mixed aeration basin二次沉淀池secondary sedimentation basin污泥沉降比sludge settling ratio 污泥容积指数sludge velum index 污泥负荷volume loading普通活性污泥法conventional activated sludge process 分段曝气法step aeration method 延时曝气法extended aeration method加速曝气法accelerant aeration method深井曝气法deep well aeration method纯氧曝气法oxygen aeration method 鼓风曝气装置blast aerator扩散曝气设备diffusion aerator 射流曝气设备efflux aerator机械曝气装置mechanical aerator 表面曝气装置surface aerator曝气时间aeration time污泥龄sludge age活性污泥培养activated sludge culture活性污泥驯化domestication of activated sludge粉末炭活性炭法powdered carbon activated sludge process污泥膨胀sludge bulking生物滤池biological filter高负荷生物滤池high-loading biological filter水力负荷hydraulic loading有机负荷organic loading塔式生物滤池tower biologicalfiler生物转盘biological rotating disc 生物流化床biological fluidized bed活性生物滤池activated biofilter 化粪池septic tank污水硝化脱氮处理nitrogen removal from wastewater by nitrification 污水反硝化脱氮处理nitrogen removal from wastewater by denitrification污水硝化—反硝化脱氮处理nitrogen removal from wastewater by nitridenitrification土地处理系统land treatment system氧化塘oxidation pond好氧塘aerobic pond兼性塘facultative pond厌氧塘anaerobic pond曝气氧化塘aerated oxidation pond ICEAS intermittent cyclic extended aeration system间歇循环延时曝气活性污泥法DAT-IAT工艺demand aeration tankintermittent aeration tank system需氧池-间歇池A1/O工艺anoxic/ oxicA2/O工艺anaerobic oxicPhostrip工艺phostriop process Bardenpho工艺Bardenpho process Phoredox工艺Phoredox process UCT工艺university of cape town VIP工艺Virginia initiative plant 厌氧生物滤池AFanaerobic filter厌氧接触法anaerobic contact process厌氧生物转盘anaerobic biological rotating disc两相厌氧消化two-phase anaerobic digest序批式间歇反应器series batch reactor氧化沟oxidation ditch上流式厌氧污泥床upflow anaerobic sludge blanketMSBR modified sequencing batch reactor消毒disinfection灭菌sterilization加氯机chlorinator氯化消毒chlorizationdisinfection漂白粉消毒disinfection by bleaching powder紫外线消毒disinfection with ultraviolet rays加氯消毒disinfection by chlorine 液氯liquified chlorine gas需氯量chlorine demand余氯chlorine residual游离性余氯free chlorine residual 化合性余氯combined chlorine residual折点加氯chlorination breakpoint 过氧化氢消毒disinfection by hydrogen peroxide除味taste removal除臭odor removal脱色decoloration生污泥undigested sludge熟污泥digested sludge污泥处置disposal of sludge污泥综合利用comprehensive utilization of sludge真空过滤法vacuum flotation process污泥浓缩sludge thickening污泥消化sludge digestion污泥脱水sludge dewatering污泥干化sludge drying污泥焚烧sludge incineration真空过滤机脱水dewatering by vacuum filter板框压滤机脱水dewatering by plate frame press filter辊轧式脱水机脱水dewatering by roll press带式压滤机脱水dewatering by belt press filter离心式脱水机脱水dewatering by centrifuge中温消化处理middle temperature digestive treatment高温消化处理high temperature digestive treatment污泥堆肥发酵处理sludge composting and fermentation污泥浓缩池sludge thickener污泥消化池sludge digestion tank 污泥产气率gas production rate of sludge污泥干化场sludge drying bed固体废物solid wastes城市生活垃圾municipal solid wastes城市生活垃圾堆放处置法dumping of municipal solid wastes城市生活垃圾卫生填埋法sanitary landfilling of municipal solid wastes城市生活垃圾焚烧法incineration of municipal solid wastes 城市生活垃圾分类sorting of municipal solid wastes城市生活垃圾收集collection of municipal solid wastes垃圾收费refuse taxing废电池used battery有毒有害工业固体废物toxic industrial wastes医疗废物health care wastes堆肥composting填埋场landfill渗滤液leachate treatment焚烧炉incineration furnaces助燃空气系统air injection system 余热利用heat utilization焚烧灰渣ash水泥固化技术cementsolidification石灰固化lime solidification沥青固化技术asphaltsolidification固体废物预处理preliminary treatment of solid wastes破碎crushing of solid wastes筛分screening of solid wastes风力分选wind separation放射性固体废物radioactive solid waste声级计sound level meter消声室anechoic room; anechoic chamber; dead room混响室reverberation room隔声sound insulation吸声muffler环境医学环境卫生学environmental hygiene 环境毒理学environmental toxicology口蹄疫foot-and-mouth disease流行病学epidemiology地方病endemic disease氟斑牙dental fluorosis职业病occupational disease慢性毒性chronic toxicity急性毒性acute toxicity 致癌物carcinogen变异variation病原体pathogen抗体antibody抗原antigen突变mutation病毒virus蓄积器官storage organ 致突变作用mutagenesis 致畸作用teratogenesis致癌作用carcinogensis摄入量intake dose吸收量absorbed dose卫生标准health standard最高容许浓度maximum permissible concentration致死量lethal dose半致死浓度median lethal concentrationLD50剂量-反应关系dose-response relationship 恶臭offensive odor协同作用synergism拮抗作用antagonism因果关系cause-effect relationship相关关系correlation阈限值threshold limit valueTLV 高危人群population at high risk 易感人群susceptible populatio环境管理学环境管理学environmental management science环境伦理学environmental ethics环境质量管理management of environmental quality环境适宜度environmental suitability环境区划environmental zoning环境预测environmental forecasting环境质量评价environmentalquality evaluation环境影响评价environmental impact assessment环境规划environmental planning环境决策分析environmental decision analysis总量控制total discharge control of pollutant浓度控制concentration control排污收费effluent charge排污申报登记declaration and registration of pollutant discharge排污许可证permit for pollutant discharge生物安全biosafety环境监察environmental supervision and management环境宣传教育environmental propaganda and education环境意识environmental consciousness 环境质量报告书report on environmental quality环境影响评价报告书report on environmental impact assessment公众意见听证会public hearing循环经济cyclic economy预防为主、防治结合、综合治理原则principle of giving priority to pollution prevention, combining prevention and control, and integrated control全面现划、合理布局原则principle of overall planning and rational layout谁污染谁治理polluter-treats综合利用、化害为利原则principle of comprehensive utilization and turning harm into good谁开发谁保护explorer-protects协调发展原则principle of coordinated development国家环境保护模范城市national environmental protection model city全国生态示范区national ecological demonstration area环境信息environmental information环境管理信息系统information system for environmental management环境专家系统environmental expert system环境监测environment monitoring 环境标志environmental label清洁生产cleaner production 环境审计environmental audit 产品生命周期life cycle of product环境法学环境法学science of environmental law环境保护法environmental protection law公害法public nuisance law环境行政法规administrative regulations of environment环境部门规章departmental rules of environment污染物排放标准pollutant discharge standard“三同时”制度three simultaneity system排污审报登记制度declaration and registration system of pollution discharge排污许可证制度permit system of pollutant discharge排污收费制度system of effluent限期治理制度system ofeliminating and controlling environmental pollution within a prescribed time现场检查制度system of on-site inspection环境污染事故报告制度system of environmental pollution accident reporting中华人民共和国环境保护法Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国水污染防治法law of the People’s Republic of China on prevention and control of water pollution中华人民共和国大气污染防治法law of the People’s Republic of China on prevention and control of atmospheric pollution中华人民共和国环境噪声污染防治法law of the People’s Republic of China on prevention and control of pollution from environmental noise中华人民共和国固体废物污染环境法law of the People’s Republic of China on prevention and control of environmental pollution by solid waste中华人民共和国海洋环境保护法marine environment protection law of the People’s Republic of China全国生态环境建设规划nationaleco-environmental construction plan全国生态环境保护纲要national compendium on eco-environmental protection地表水环境质量标准environmental quality standard for surface water地下水质量标准quality standard for ground water农业灌溉水质标准standard for irrigation water quality污水综合排放标准integrated wastewater discharge standard大气污染物综合排放标准integrated emission standard of air pollutants环境经济学循环经济模式circular economytype牧童经济the shepherd economy3R原则the rules of 3Rreducing, reusing, recycling生态经济学eco-economics共有资源common resources外部经济性external economics外部不经济性external diseconomics外部成本external cost边际效用marginal utility边际收益marginal benefit粗放经营extensive management集约经营intensive management自然资本natural capital公平equity代际补偿compensation between generations绿色国民帐户green national account可持续发展sustainable development公共物品public goods环境保护贸易政策trade policy for environmental protection绿色壁垒green tariff barrier国民生产总值gross national productionGNP国民生产净值net national productionNNP国民收入national income环境污染弹性系数environmental pollution elasticity回收率reuse rate物质平衡material balance物料衡算material balance counting影子价格shadow price现行价格present price贴现discount机会成本opportunity cost运行费用operation cost城市气化率urban population ratio of used gas城市绿化覆盖率urban green cover ratio环境效益environmental benefit 成本效益分析cost and benefit analysis环境费用environmental cost排污权交易marketable pollution permits生态足迹the ecological footprint 环境税environmental tax资源资产assets of resource资源产权property right of resource最低安全标准minimum standard of security代际公平equality between generation末端控制terminal control公地的悲剧tragedy of the public pasture中间产品intermediate product最终产品final product直接污染物产生/排放系数direct pollutant generation/discharge coefficient累积污染物产生/排放系数cumulate pollutant generation/discharge coefficient排污收费charge from discharge pollutant污染者负担原则polluter pay principle资源税resource tax人口出生率population birth rate 人口死亡率population mortality rate人口自然增长率population nature growth rate人口计划生育率population planning fertility rate平均寿命average life人口年龄金字塔population age pyramid人口老化population aging人口过剩over-population人口爆炸population explosion计划生育family planning人口统计population statistics人口普查population census环境教育环境教育目标objectives of environmental education多学科环境教育课程模式multi-disciplinary model of environmental education跨学科环境教育模式inter-disciplinary model of environmental education 中学环境教育大纲environmental education standard for secondary school 环境教育活动的设计design of environmental education activity野外环境教育基地environmental education field base公众参与public participation环境意识environmental awareness中国中小学绿色教育行动environmental educators initiative of china。
环境工程专业英语词汇表.
APPENDIXSelected English Words and Expressions for Environmental SubjectAabacterial 无菌的abatement 减少,减小,取消,消除abnormal blooming of plankton 浮游生物异常繁殖absolute alcohol 无水酒精absolute temperature 绝对温度absorb 吸收absorbent 吸收剂;吸收性的absorption 吸收abundant precipitation 过量降水abysmal deposit 深海沉积物accelerator 加速澄清池,机械澄清池,加速器access 接近,(出)入口,使用或接近的方法、机会或门路,捷径accessory 附件,附属品accidental error 偶然误差acclimate 服水土,适应环境,适应气候acclimatization 驯化,(对环境条件的)适应accommodate 使适应,调节,接纳,容纳,供应,提供acetic acid 醋酸acetone 丙酮acetylene 乙炔acid fog 酸雾acidify 酸化(作用)acidity 酸度,酸性acid-proof material 耐酸材料acoustic construction 隔声构造acoustic fatigue 声致疲劳acquisition 获得,取得,采集acrid 辛辣的,腐蚀性的act 法规,法案,条例,行为,动作activated biofilter 活性生物滤池activated carbon 活性碳activated silica 活性硅土activated sludge 活性污泥activation 活化,激活active chlorine 活性氯activity 活性,活度,放射性,功率adaptable species 适应性强的物种adaptation 适应,匹配,采用,改编(本),修改,适应性,适应力additive 附加物,添加剂;加成的adherence 粘附adhesion 粘附力adiabatic cooling 绝热冷却adjustment 调节,调准,控制,安装admixture 掺合物,杂质adsorbate 被吸附物,吸附质adsorbent 吸附剂;吸附的adsorber 吸附器,吸附剂adsorption isotherm 吸附等温线advanced treatment 高级处理,深度处理aerated contact bed (submerged contact aerator) 曝气接触床(淹没式接触曝气池)aerated lagoon 曝气氧化渠aerated spiral-flow grit channel 曝气螺旋流沉砂槽aeration 曝气aeration blower 曝气鼓风机aerobic 好氧的,好气的,需氧的,有氧的aerobic biological treatment process 好氧生物处理法,需氧生物处理法aerobic decomposition 好氧分解,需氧分解aerosol 气溶胶aesthetically 从审美角度看affinity 亲和力,亲和势affluent 支流afforestation 造林(计划),绿化after burner 火舌燃烧炉,后燃烧装置,补燃器agar 琼脂agglomerate 使聚集,使成团aggressive pathogen 侵袭性病原体air compressor 空压机,压气机air conditioner 空调器air gauge 气压计air hammer 气压锤air header 空气干管air inflow 进气量air intake 进气孔air mass 气团air polluntant emission inventory 空气污染物排放清单air pollution surveillance 空气污染监视air release valve 放气阀,释压阀air relief installation 排气设备air sparger 曝气器air stripping 气提airborne 空气中的,空降的,空运的airborne pathongenic organism 空气致病生物体air-lift pump 空气升水泵,气提泵airview 鸟瞰,鸟瞰图alcohol 乙醇,酒精aldehyde 醛algae 藻类algal bloom 水藻繁盛alignment 成直线,调准,准线,直线性,结盟,联合alkali consumption 碱消耗(量)alkali earth 碱土alkaline 碱性的alkalinity 碱度alkalization 碱化alkyl benzene sulfonate (ABS) 烷基苯磺酸盐alluvial deposit 冲积物,冲积层alum 矾,明矾aluminate 铝酸盐aluminum sulfate 硫酸铝ambient air quality standard 环境空气质量标准ambient noise 环境噪声amine 胺amino acid 氨基酸ammonia nitrogen 氨氮ammonia stripping 氨的气提,气提法除氨ammonification 氨化作用,加氨ammonium 铵amphoteric ion exchange resin 两性离子交换树脂anabolism 合成代谢,组成代谢anaerobic 厌氧的,厌气的,无溶解氧的anaerobic-anoxic-oxic process厌氧-缺氧-好氧法analysis of variance 方差分析analytical balance 分析天平anemometer 风力计,风速计anemoscope 风向仪anhydrous 无水的animal community 动物群落anion 阴离子,负离子anionic surface active agent 阴离子表面活性剂annual depreciation 年折旧annual precipitation 年降水量anode 阳极,正极anodize 阳极氧化,阳极处理anoxic 缺氧的antagonism 对抗(作用),拮抗(作用)antibiotics 抗菌素,抗生素antifreezing agent 防冻剂aperture 孔径,隙缝,小孔apparatus 仪器,装置apparent activation energy 表观活化能appreciable 明显的,相当可观的appurtenance (常用pl. ) 附属物,设备,配件,附属建筑,附属装置aquatic 水的,水生的,水上的aquatic habitat 水生环境aquatic community 水生群落aquatic life 水生生物aqueduct 水道,渠,导水管aqueous 水的aqueous ammonia 氨水aqueous solution 水溶液aquifer 蓄水层,(地下)含水层,含水地层arbitrary 独裁的,专制的,专横的,任意的,随机的,独立的aromatic 芳香的,芳烃的;芳香剂arsenic 砷artery 动脉,运输线artifical wetland (constructed wetland )人工湿地(系统)artificial fibres 人造纤维asbestos 石棉ascending velocity 上升速度ash content 灰分ash conveyer 灰渣输送带ash handling equipment 除尘设备asphyxiate 使(人)窒息、闷死aspiration 吸气,吸入,吸出,愿望,渴望,志向aspiration ventilation 排气通风(法)assay 分析,化验assembly 装配,组合;机组assimilate 同化,吸收assimilative respiration 同化呼吸associated mineral 伴生矿物atmospheric dispersion 大气弥散,大气分散atmospheric emission 大气排放物atomic absorption spectrophotometry 原子吸收分光光度测定法atomic fluorescence spectrophotometry 原子荧光光谱atomization 喷雾,喷雾法,雾化attenuation 衰减,减弱,减轻,减少,减小attraction 引力,吸引attrition 磨损,损耗autoclave 高压锅,高压釜automatic flushback 自动反冲洗automatic valveless gravity filter 自动无阀重力流滤池,无阀滤池automobile exhaust 汽车尾气,汽车废气autotroph(e) 自养生物,自营性生物autotrophic 自养的,自我营养的,无机营养的available chlorine 有效氯available head 可用水头average yearly loading capacity 年平均负荷容量axial flow 轴流azo dye 偶氮染料azotification 固氮(作用)Bbackfill 回填backflow 回流background noise 背景噪声,本底噪声background survey 本底调查back-pressure valve (check valve) 单向阀backwash cycle 反冲周期bacteria coli 大肠杆菌bacterial colony 细菌菌落bacterial population 细菌种群bactericide 杀菌剂bacteriological examination 细菌检验bacteriologically 按细菌学的观点baffle 挡板baffle board 挡板,隔音板baffled reaction chamber 隔板式反应室bag filter 袋滤器,袋式过滤器baghouse 布袋,滤袋室,滤袋装置baghouse precipitator 布袋除尘器ball mill 球磨机band dryer (污泥)带式干化机band screen (belt screen) 带式格网,带条滤网bar screen 格栅barometer 气压计barrel 桶,桶状物basicity 碱度,盐基度batch 分批的,间歇(式)的batch centrifuge 间歇式离心机batch distillation 分批蒸馏batchwise operation 分批式操作be laden with 充满,携带,含有beaker 烧杯bearing capacity 承重能力belt filter press (污泥)带式脱水机bench 工作台,实验桌,板凳bench-scale 小型的,实验室(规模)的bench scale test 小型试验,实验室试验,模型试验beneficiation 废物回收加工benzene 苯bicarbonate 碳酸氢盐,重碳酸盐bind 粘合,束缚,堵塞bioassay 生物鉴定,活体鉴定biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) 生化需氧量biocoenosis 生物群落biodegradable 可生物降解的biodegradation 生物降解(作用)bio-disc 生物转盘biofilter 生物滤池biogeophysical 生物地球物理的biological filter loading 生物滤池负荷(率)biological phosphate removal 生物除磷酸盐biology 生物学biolysis 生物分解(作用)biomass 生物体群,生物量bioremediation 生物修复bioscrubber 生物洗涤器,生物涤气器biosorption 生物吸附,生物吸收biosphere 生物圈biota 生物群biotic community 生物群集,生物群落biotope 群落生境,环境条件均匀的地方black liquor 黑液(一般指纸浆厂废液)blank assay 空白试验,空白检定blast 鼓风bleaching liquid 漂白液blind ditch 暗沟block diagram 方块图bloom 大量增殖,旺发boiling point depression 沸点降低bomb calorimeter (炸)弹式量热器booster pump 增压泵botanic 植物的boundary layer 边界层branch 支线,支管,分支管brand 标记,牌子breakthrough 穿透,贯穿,泄漏brewery 啤酒厂brine 海水,盐水broth culture 肉汤培养,肉汤培养物bubble aeration 气泡曝气bubbling tower 起泡塔Buchner funnel 布氏漏斗bucker excavator 斗式挖掘机bucket dredger 斗式挖泥船buffer 缓冲液,缓冲剂buffer capacity 缓冲能力,缓冲容量building drain 建筑物内污水总管,建筑排水管building sewer (house sewer) 建筑物外污水总管bulking of activated sludge 活性污泥的膨胀buoyancy force 浮力burette 滴定管bypass 旁通管,超越管,旁路Ccabinet 箱,柜,橱cage rotor 笼式转子cake conveyer 滤饼输送带cake of filter-press 滤块,污泥压滤饼calcination 煅烧,焙烧calcium lime (calcium oxide, CaO) 石灰,生石灰calcium sulphate 石膏,硫酸钙calibration 校准,标定,定标calorie 卡(路里)calorific value 热值capillarity 毛细管作用,毛细现象capillary 毛细管;毛细的,毛细管的capillary suction time 毛细空吸时间(测定污泥过滤性)capital cost 基本(建设)投资,投资费,资本值capital repair 大修(理)carbonaceous compound 含碳化合物carburetor 汽化器carcinogen 致癌物,致癌因素cardiovascular disease 心血管疾病carrier 带菌者,载体cascade 级联catabolism 分解代谢catalysis 催化(作用)catalyst 催化剂cataphoresis 电泳catchment 集水区域cathode protection 阴极保护cation 阳离子,正离子cation-exchange softener 阳离子交换软水器cationic surface active agent (cationic surfactant) 阳离子表面活性剂caustic (quick) lime 生石灰,石灰caustic 腐蚀性的,苛性的;苛性药,氢氧化物caveat (防止误解的)说明cavitation 空蚀作用,气蚀作用,空穴作用cavity 空腔cell 小室,细胞,电池,盒cell mass 细胞块cellular protoplasm 细胞原生质cellular 细胞的,多孔的,蜂窝状的cementation 胶结(作用)centigrade thermometer 摄氏温度计centrifugal 离心的cesspool 污水池channel improvement 河道整治characteristic curve of pump 泵的特性曲线characterization 表征,性能描写charcoal 木炭charge 电荷;充(水、气、电等)chart 图表check 核对,阻止,制动装置,支票,联单checklist (核对用的)清单chelating reagent 螯合剂,chemical 化学的;化学品,化学制品chemical engineering unit operation 化工单元操作chemical nomenclature 化学命名法chemical oxygen demand (COD) 化学需氧量chemical resistance 耐化学性,化学抗性chemical stoichiometry 化学计量学chloride 氯化物chloride ion 氯根离子chlorinate (使)氯化,用氯消毒,用氯处理chlorinated lime 漂白粉chlorine feed unit 投氯设备,加氯单元chloroform 氯仿chlorophyll 叶绿素cholera 霍乱chromatography 色层(分离)法chronic pollution 慢性污染,长期污染chronic toxicity test 慢性毒性试验cinder 煤渣,焦渣circulator clarifier 水力(循环)澄清池cistern 蓄水池,贮水器cite 引用,引证clamp 夹子clarificant 澄清剂clarification 澄清,净化classifier (结合沉砂池的)洗砂机,分级机clay 粘土cleaner production 清洁生产climate modification 人工影响气候climatic anomaly 气候异常clinker (煤燃烧后留下的)渣滓,熔渣,熔块closet 盥洗室cloudiness 混浊性,浊度coagulant 混凝剂,凝聚剂coagulant aids 助凝剂coagulation 混凝,凝聚coalesce 凝结,凝聚,合并cocurrent extraction 并流萃取code of practice 工作规程,业务法规cold wave 寒潮coli test 大肠菌试验coliform 大肠的,大肠菌的coliform bacteria 大肠菌,大肠杆菌collecting trough 集水槽collection of classificated refuse 垃圾分类收集collection works 取水构筑物collector 集尘器,浮选促集剂,集电器,集水槽colloid 胶体colloidal 胶态的colony 菌落,群体color cast 色调color index 色度color-developing agent 显色剂colorimeter 比色计colorimetric analysis 比色分析colorimetry 比色法colour (color) 色,色度column plate 塔板combined available residual chlorine 化合性有效剩余氯combined sewage 合流污水,混合污水combined sewage system 合流下水道系统combustion 燃烧commercial formulation 生产配方commercial scale 工业规模commercial waste 商业废物,商业废水commercial 商业的,工业(用)的,大批生产的commercially 大批地commingle 混合,搀和comminute 使细碎,粉碎comminutor 磨碎机,粉碎机common grate 普通格栅communicable disease 传染病community 团体,界,全体居民,地区,社区,居民区,城镇,共同性,共有性,生物种群,群落community pollution 居民区污染,城市污染compaction 压实,压缩,致密化compactor truck 垃圾打包卡车compartment 间,室compensation 补偿,抵消,赔偿,平衡,调整completely miscible 完全混溶的complex 络合物complex ion 络离子component 组分,成分,分力,部件composite sample 混合样品,复合样品composite wastewater sample 混合废水样品composition 组成,成分,结构compost 把……做成堆肥,施堆肥于;堆肥compound fertilizer 复合肥料comprehensive utilization 综合利用compressed air 压缩空气concentrator 浓缩器concerted reaction 协同反应concrete 混凝土condensation 冷凝,凝结,缩合(作用),缩聚(作用)condensation polymerization 缩聚condensation reaction 缩合反应conditioning 调理(使污泥便于脱水)conductivity 传导性,传导率confined water 禁闭水confluence 汇流处,合流congeal 冻结,凝固conical type clarifier 圆锥形澄清池conjunction 联结,结合,连结connate water 原生水conservation 保护,守恒,保持conservation of energy 能量守恒consistence 稠性,相容性,一致性console 控制台consolidation tank (污泥)浓缩池constant rate pump 计量泵constant-head tank 恒水头水池constant-rate period 恒速阶段contact biological filter 接触生物滤池contact oxidation method 接触氧化法container 集装箱continental climate 大陆性气候continental drift 大陆漂移continuum 连续区,连续体contour line 等高线,等值线contour of water table 等水位线contracted weir 收缩堰contraction 收缩,收缩率convalescent 恢复期的convection 对流converging-diverging duct section 收缩-扩大管截面conveyer (conveyor) 传送机conveyor-type scraper 环链板刮泥器coordinate 坐标(系);坐标的coordination 配位correction 校正,改正,纠正correlation 相关(性)corridor 走廊,流槽corrosion inhibitor 缓蚀剂cost 费用,成本cost benefit evaluation 费用-收益评价,成本-效益评价counter current (counterflow)逆流counter force 反作用力counterweight 平衡重,对重covalent bond 共价键covered sludge drying bed 有盖的污泥干化床crack 裂缝cracker 破碎机cradle 支架,机架criterion (criteria) 准则,标准critical 临界的,极限的critical compressive force 临界压力critical point 临界点cross conveyor 横向传送刮板cross current 错流,正交流cross cut test 正交试验cross section 断面,剖面,截面crucible 坩锅crush 破碎crusher 破碎机,砸碎机crystallization 结晶culprit 罪魁祸首, 肇事原因culture 培养基,培养微生物的成长culture medium 培养基,培养物curing 固化,硫化,熟化,处理current repair 小修(理)curve 曲线cycle 循环,周期cyclone 旋流,旋风,气旋器,旋风分离器,旋风除尘器cyclone dust collector 旋风集尘器cyclone scrubber 旋风涤气器cyclone separator 旋风分离器cylinder 钢瓶,(氧)气瓶,圆筒体cytoplasm 细胞质Ddaily flow 日流量,逐日流量dairy waste 牛奶场废水[废物] damped balance 阻尼天平deactivation 钝化作用deaeration unit 脱气装置deafening effect 隔声效果debris 有机残渣,腐质,残骸decantation 倾析,倾泻上层液decay 腐烂,衰变dechlorination 脱氯decibel 分贝decking 盖板,铺面,支撑板declining growth phase 生长衰落期decolorize 漂白de-emulsification 解乳化,破乳化defacing 磨损,损伤外观defecation 澄清deficiency 缺乏deficit 亏空,赤字defoam 去沫,去泡沫defoaming agent 消泡剂,去泡剂deforestation 滥伐,砍伐森林degasification 脱气作用deglaciation 冰消(作用)degradation 降解(作用)dehydration 脱水(作用),去水deionized water 去离子水,无离子水deliquescence 潮解demister 除雾器denitrification 反硝化,脱氮,脱硝(作用)denitrifying bacteria 反硝化细菌densely inhabited district 人口密集区deodorization 除臭作用deoxygenation 脱氧,脱除溶解氧,消氧dephenolizing 除酚,脱酚deposit 沉淀物,沉积物deposition 沉积(作用),沉积物depreciation 折旧depressant 抑制剂depression 减压,降低,抑制,洼地desalination 海水淡化,脱盐(作用)desiccant 干燥剂desiccating agent 干燥剂desulfurization from exhaust 从尾气脱硫detection limit 检出极限detention time 停留时间,逗留时间,滞留时间detergent 洗涤剂,去垢剂detritus 杂粒dialysis 渗析,膜析(渗透离析法)diaphragm 膜片,隔膜differential gauge 压差计diffused aeration 扩散式曝气(法)digester 消化池,煮解器digestion 消化dilute solution 稀溶液dilution 冲淡,稀释dimensionless 无因次的,无量纲的dioxin 二噁英direct-flow demineralization 自流式脱矿质discharge 流出,排出量,排放,放电discharge area 过水面积discharge capacity 流量,排水量,排放量discharge permit 排污许可(证)discharge rate 流量率,排水率,排放率,排放速率discipline 学科,科目discrete settling 离散沉降,单粒沉降dish aerator 浅盘式曝气器disinfectant 消毒剂disinfection 消毒(作用),灭菌(作用)disintegrator 破碎机,碎裂机dismantle 拆开,拆散dismutation 歧化(作用)dispersate 分散质dispersed-air flotation 弥散空气浮选dispersion 分散(作用),弥散(作用)displacement 置换,位移disposal (废弃物)处理,处置disposal of refuse in land fills 垃圾填埋处置dissociation 离解dissolution 溶解dissolve 溶解dissolved oxygen sag curve 溶解氧下垂曲线,氧垂曲线distillation 蒸馏(作用)distributing trough 配水槽,布水槽diurnal variation 昼夜变化,(周)日变DO (dissolved oxygen) 溶解氧dome aerator 圆罩式曝气器domestic demand 生活用水量,居民用水量domestic fecal sewage (家庭)粪便污水domestic refuse 家庭垃圾domestic sewage 生活污水domestic waste 家庭废水,生活废水,家庭垃圾downcomer 下水管,落水管downstream 顺流的,在下游的;顺流地,在下游地draft 草图,通风,汲出,汲水,引通draft fan 引风机draft tube 引通管,引水管drag (流体对悬浮颗粒的)摩阻,曳力drain pit (drain sump) 排水坑drain tile 瓦管drainage 排水,排水设备,排出的水draw 汲,吸,拉,拖dredge 挖掘,清淤dress water 选矿水drought 干旱,旱灾dry weather flow (合流沟管)晴天流量,干季(七天以上无雨)流量dryer 干燥器drying oven 烘箱dual water supply 分质供水durability 耐久性duration 期间,历时duration day 日照长度dust 尘dust cloud 尘云dust fog 尘雾dwelling 住宅,住所dye 染料dyestuff 染料Eeasement 附属建筑物ecological perspective 生态学观点ecological crisis 生态危机ecology 生态学effervescence 起泡,液沸(现象)effervescing 泡腾,起泡,鼓泡(作用)efficient rotation (农作物)有效轮作effluent 出水,出流,排出物ejection 喷射ejector 喷射器,射流器,喷射泵electric precipitation 电除尘electrode potential 电极电位electrodialysis 电渗析electrogalvanizing 电镀锌electrolysis 电解electrolyte 电解质,电解液electrolytic dissociation (ionization) 电离electromagnetic flowmeter 电磁流量计electromotive forces 电动势electrophoresis 电泳electroplating 电镀electrostatic precipitator 静电除尘器element 要素,元素,单元,单体,元件,部件,组成部分,(pl.)(基本)原理,基础elevated 高架的elevated reservoir 高地水库elevated tank 高位水箱elevation 高度,高程,海拔elevator 提升器,升降机elimination 去除,消除,消去elutriation 淘洗embrittlement 脆化emergency basin 备用池emergency bypass 事故旁路emergency outlet 事故出水口emergency water supply 应急给水,事故给水emission 散发,排放,排放物emission standard 排放标准empirical equation 经验方程emulsification 乳化emulsify 乳化emulsion 乳浊液enclosure 围档物,围墙endogenous phase 内生相(发生于体内的)endogenous respiration (细胞新陈代谢的)内源呼吸endothermic 吸热的engender 产生,造成,引起enmeshment 网捕,使陷入网中enrichment 富集entrap 收集,捕集,诱捕,截留entropy 熵environmental disruption 环境破坏environmental disturbance 环境破坏environmental impact 环境影响environmental monitoring 环境监测enzyme 酶equalization 均衡equipment availability 设备完好率erecting diagram 安装图erosion 侵蚀,冲刷,冲蚀eruption 喷发ester 酯estuary (沿海的)河口etch 蚀刻,侵蚀,蚀刻剂ethane 乙烷ethanol 乙醇,酒精etherification 醚化(作用)ethylene 乙烯eutrophication 富营养化evacuate 抽真空,抽出,排出(气)evaluation 评价evaporation 蒸发evergreen shrub 常绿灌木evolution 进化,演化,发育enclosure 围挡物exclude 排除excrement 排泄物,粪便exhaust 抽空,排尽,废气,排出的气;排出的,废的exhaust duct 排气导管exhaust fan 排风扇exhaust gas 尾气,废气,排气exhausted liquid 废液exogenous 外生的(有机体外的),外源性的exothermic 放热的expenditure of energy 能量消耗exploitation 开发,开采,利用,运行,操作,剥削exposure 暴露,曝露,接触,照射exposure dose 接触剂量exposure to pollutant 曝露于污染物中,接触污染物extended aeration 延时曝气(法)extraction 萃取,提取Ffabric filter 布袋过滤器facility 设施facultative 兼性的facultative aerobe 兼性好氧菌,兼性需氧菌facultative anaerobe 兼性厌气菌,兼性厌氧菌fallout measurement 散落物测定fall overturn 秋季翻转fat and oil 脂和油(油脂)fat trap 聚油脂阱fault 故障fauna 动物群feed 进料feeding installation 供水装置,投加装置fell trees 砍树,伐木felling operation 伐木工作fen 沼泽fermentation 发酵fertilizing value of sludge 污泥的肥料价值field 田地,现场,……场field observation 野外观察field survey 现场调查filament 纤丝,丝状体filamentous organisms 含丝状体的生物体fill 填满,填筑fill and draw 间歇式,注排法filler 填料filter 滤池,过滤filter aid 助滤剂filter medium 滤料,过滤介质filter paper 滤纸filter press 压滤机filter run 过滤周期,滤池运行周期filter screen 滤网filtrate 滤液(从污泥脱水滤出的)filtration 过滤final clarifier 最后澄清池,终沉池fine gravel 细卵石fine screen 细筛finish 光洁度,涂层,面层finished product 成品finishing 精修,精制,精加工,最终加工fire hydrant 消火栓first approximation 一级近似first order reaction 一级反应fish culture in stream 河道养鱼fishery 渔业,水产业,渔场fittings 配件,零件fixation of nitrogen 氮固定,固氮fixed matter 固定物质,不挥发物质fixed-bridge scraper 固定桥下刮泥器(用于辐射沉淀池)fixture 装置,工件夹具flammability 可燃性,易燃性flange 法兰,凸缘,突缘flash mixer 快速混合器,闪急混合器flask 烧瓶flat bottom 平底flat floor 平底flexible tube 软管floatation 漂浮,浮选floating scum 浮渣floating-cover digester 浮盖式消化池floc 絮凝物,絮粒,絮体,绒粒(俗称矾花)flocculant 絮凝剂flocculation 絮凝(作用)flooded area 洪泛区,淹没地面flora 植物群flotation 浮选,气浮flow diagram 流程图flow meter 流量计flow pattern 流型flow rate 流量,流速flow sheet 流程图flue gas 烟道气,烟气flue gas desulfurization system 烟气脱硫系统fluidized bed 流化床flume 水槽,斜槽flush (强液体流)冲洗,清洗,冲水flushback 反冲洗fly ash 燃烧的烟尘,飞灰foam 泡沫;起泡沫,发泡沫foam recycle 泡沫(再)循环,泡沫回流food-borne illness 由食物传染疾病forced draft (draught) cooling tower 强制通风冷却塔forced ventilation 强制通风,机械通风foreign gas 杂质气体forest conservancy 森林保护forest deterioration 森林破坏formaldehyde 甲醛formation 地(岩)层fossil fuel 矿物燃料,化石燃料fractional distillation 分馏fractionation 分馏,分级,分数化free (available) chlorine 游离(有效)氯free labor 无偿劳动free radical 游离基,自由基fresh water 淡水fresh water aquiculture 淡水养殖friability 易碎性,脆性friction 摩擦full scale 实物尺寸的,大规模的,工业规模的,全刻度的fume 烟,烟气fuming nitric acid 发烟硝酸fungal component 共生菌fungi(pl.)菌类fungus (单数)菌,真菌furrow 沟槽Ggadget 小装置gage (gauge) 表,计,规尺galvanic cell 原电池galvanization 镀锌gamma ray detector γ射线探测器garbage 垃圾,废料,污物,厨余,食品加工废物gas collector 集气罩,气体收集器gaseous waste 废气gasification 气化gel 凝胶,冻胶gene 基因gene conversion 基因转换gene duplication 基因复制genesis 成因,起源genus 类,种类geologic survey 地质调查geological examination 地质调查,地质勘测geosphere 陆界,陆圈,岩石圈germ 细菌,病菌germicidal 杀菌的germicide 杀菌剂germination 发芽,生长,产生,晶核化,长晶核gland 压盖(俗称“格兰”),密封装置glucose 葡萄糖grab sample 临时样品,单一样品grade of grain 颗粒级配grade of slope 坡度gradient 坡度,梯度grain size 颗粒大小,粒度grain size grading 粒径分级gram-equivalent weight 克当量Gram-positive 格兰阳性,革兰氏阳性grand canyon 大峡谷granular 粒状的,颗粒的graph 标绘图,线图graphical symbol 图例,图解符号graphite 石墨grate 格栅gravel 卵石,砾石gravimetric analysis 重量分析gravimetry 重量分析法gravity filtration 重力过滤gravity flow 自流,重力流gravity separator 重力沉降分离器gravity thickening 重力增稠grease content 油脂含量grease trap 油分离阱,油脂捕集器green belt 绿化地带green-house effect 温室效应grinder 磨碎机grinding 磨碎grit (污水中的)粗砂,杂粒,硬渣grit chamber 沉砂池,杂粒池gross 总的,粗的ground vegetation 地面植被gypsum 石膏Hhabitat (动植物)生活境地,栖息地handling 处理,输送,装卸handling operation 装卸操作[作业] handling characteristic 处理特性harvest 收成,产量,收获(物,量);收获,收割haul 搬运,运程,运输量;用力拖(或拉),搬运,运输hauling charges 运费hauling equipment 运输设备hazardous 有害的,危险的hazardous waste 危险废物heat insulation 隔热heat release 放热heavily polluted 严重污染的herbicide 除草剂hereditary variation 遗传变异heterogeneous 非均匀的,多相的heterotrophic bacteria 异养菌high (low) flush tank 高(低)冲洗水箱high lift pump 高压泵high-rate 高负荷(率)的,高速的high-rate composting 高速[高效]堆肥high-rate digestion 高速[高效]消化hi-volume sampler 大体积取样器holder 储罐,夹具,架座holding tank 储料罐,收集槽homeostasis 生物体中的平衡homogeneous 均相的,均匀的,单一的hood 通风橱horizontal flow 平流hose 软管,水龙带household refuse 家庭垃圾humic acid 腐殖酸humidification 增湿(作用)humidity 湿度hybrid reaction 混合反应hybrid 杂化的,混合的,桥接的hydrant 消防龙头,消火栓hydrate 水合物hydration 水合(作用)hydraulic circular clarifier 水力循环澄清池hydraulic element 水力要素hydraulic sloughing 水力脱膜hydraulic stirring device 水力搅拌设备hydraulic subsiding value 水力沉降值hydrocarbon 烃,碳氢化合物hydrochloric acid 盐酸hydrology 水文学hydrophilic 亲水的,吸水的hydrophobic 恐水的,疏水的hydrostatical pressure 静水压力,流体静压力hydroxide 氢氧化物hydroxide ion 氢氧离子,羟离子hydroxyl ion 氢氧根离子,羟基离子hygienic 卫生的,卫生学的hyperfiltrate 超滤hypochlorite 次氯酸盐hypochlorite of lime 次氯酸钙,漂白粉Iimmersion 浸没,浸水immiscibility 不混溶性immobilized enzyme 固相酶,固定化酶impact allowance 冲击容许量impeller 叶轮impervious strata 不透水层impingement 碰撞,冲击,打击impingement plate tower 冲击式板式塔impinger 碰撞取样器,空气采集器impoundage 集水区impounding reservoir 蓄水池impulse 冲击,冲动,冲量,脉冲in block form 巨块状,成大块in bulk 散装,桶装in lumps 块团状incineration 焚化incinerator 焚化炉inclined tube settler 斜管沉淀器incremental loading (stepped feeding) 分段投加污水incrustation 结壳,外壳,表面装饰incubate (细菌)培养incubator 恒温箱,培养箱index 指数,索引,指标indicator organisms 指示性生物体,指示生物induced draft mechanical cooling tower 抽风式机械通风冷却塔industrial nuisance 工业公害inert filler 惰性填料inertia 惯性,惯量infection 传染infest 侵扰infiltration 渗透,渗入inflammability 可燃性,易燃性inflammable 可燃的,易燃的inflow 入流,流入物,流入(量),进水,进气influent 进水,入流infrared absorption spectrum 红外吸收光谱infrared gas analyzer 红外线气体分析仪ingest 摄入,摄取ingredient 成分,组成部分,配料,要素ingress 进口,进入ingress of groundwater 地下水侵入inherent moisture 固有水分inheritance 遗传inhibitor 抑制剂initial concentration 起始浓度initial interface velocity (rate of hindered settling) 悬浮物初始沉降速度initiation 引发,启动,开始injection 注射,喷射injector 注射器,喷射器inland water 内陆水体inlet 进水口,进口,雨水口inlet chamber 进口室,入流井inoculant 变质剂,孕育剂inoculate 给……接种,移植,嫁接inodourous 无臭气的,无气味的insecticide 杀虫剂installation 装置,设备instantaneous flow rate 瞬时流量instruction manual 使用手册instrument 仪器intact 完整的intake 取水口intake of water works 水厂取水口integrated control 综合防治integrated oxidation ditch 一体化氧化沟integrated plant protection 综合植物保护intercepting chamber 截流井interception 截流interceptor 截流管,截水沟interdisciplinary 各学科之间的,跨学科的interfacial active agent 界面活性剂interfacial tension 界面张力intermediate water supply 中水道interpolation 内插法interstice 空隙,孔interstitial 间隙的,空隙的,隙间的intestine 内部的,国内的;(pl.)肠intraparticle 粒子内的intrinsic energy 内能,本征能inundation 淹没,泛滥,水灾,洪水inventory 清单,目录,报表inversion layer 逆温层invert 管内底inverted-siphon 倒虹管iodide 碘化物iodine 碘iodometric titration method 碘量滴定法ion exchange resin 离子交换树脂ion migration 离子迁移,离子移动ion product 离子积ion-exchange membrane 离子交换膜ionization 电离(作用),离子化(作用)irrigation farming 灌溉农业isoelectric point 等电点isomer (同分)异构体isomerism 同分异构现象isotherm 等温线isotope 同位素Jjar 罐,瓶,(刺耳的)噪声jar test 搅拌试验,混凝试验,瓶式检验jelly 胶冻jet 喷射,射流jet aeration 射流曝气jet ejector 射流泵jetting machine 高压水清洗机junk 废料,废物;丢弃,丢掉jury pump 备用泵juxtaposition 并列,并置Kkeep clear of 避开,不接触Kjeldahl nitrogen 总有机氮kraft mill wastewater 制浆废水Llabeled compound 标记化合物lag growth 滞后生长lagoon 氧化塘,污水塘laminar flow 层流land disposal 地面排放,地面处置land irrigation (污水)地面灌溉land subsidence 地面沉降land treatment 地面(灌溉)处理landfill 土地掩埋,填埋landscape and recreation waterbody 景观和娱乐水体LAS 线性烷基苯磺酸盐(软性洗涤剂)latent heat 潜热lateral sewer 旁支沟管laundry waste 洗衣房废水lavatory 盥洗室lawsuit 诉讼leach 浸出,浸析;滤灰槽,沥滤器leachate (垃圾堆)渗滤液,沥滤液,浸出液leaching 浸取,浸提,渗洗leaching cesspool 渗污井,污水坑leather waste 皮革废水lethal dose 致死剂量level-sensing device 水位显示装置life 寿命,生命,生活life expectancy 预期寿命,预计期限lift head 扬程light catalyzed chlorine oxidation 光催化氯氧化liquefaction 液化liquefied gas 液化气liquefy 液化liquor 液litter 乱丢的废物,垃圾local exhaust ventilation 局部排气通风logger 记录器log-growth phase 对数生长期longevity 长寿,耐久性,存活力longitudinal 纵向的,经度的loop seal 环形管水封,回路水封loss on ignition 烧灼减重low flow year 枯水年low lift pump 低压泵magnetic stirring 磁力搅拌magnitude of traffic flow 交通流量main drain 总排水管maintenance 维护make-up water 补给水malnutrition 营养不良malodorous 恶臭的manhole 检查井,窨井,人孔manipulation (手工)操作manometer (流体)压力计,(流体)压差计manure 肥料,粪肥marine deposits 海底沉积物marsh 沼泽,湿地marsh gas 沼气mass 大块,质量mass action law 质量作用定律mass balance 物料衡算mass growth 群体生长mass spectrograph 质谱仪mass transfer 质量转移,传质material balance 物料平衡,物料衡算matrix 模型,杂矿石,矩阵,基体maturation 成熟mean 中间,平均值,中项;中间的,平均的,下等的mean particle diameter 平均粒径measured day work 计时日工(计量的一日工作量)measurement 测定,量度measuring flask 容量瓶meat processing waste water 肉类加工废水meat-packing waste 肉类包装废水mechanism 机构,机构学,机理,机制membrane separation 膜分离mesh 网眼mesophilic 中温的,嗜温的metabolic respiration 新陈代谢的呼吸metabolism 新陈代谢metal processing and finishing 金属加工及修饰metatrophic 间营养的,介营养的(介于营养与非营养之间)methane 甲烷,沼气method of images 源象法micellae (micelle) 胶束microfiltration 微(孔过)滤microscope 显微镜micro-strainer 微滤机milling 研磨mineral acid 无机酸mineral matter 矿物质mineralization 矿化作用,(有机物的)无机化(作用)mining waste 采矿废水miscellaneous (混)杂的,杂项的,各种各样的,多方面的;其他mist 轻雾mixing impeller 搅拌叶轮model 模式,模型model test 模型试验,小规模试验modification 改变,改进modified 改变的,改良的,修改的modified starch 改性淀粉molecular sieve 分子筛moor 荒野,沼morbidity发病率,每十万人的病例数morphology 形态学mortality 致命性moss 沼泽MPN (most probable number) 最概然数,最可能的数(目)mud 污泥,泥浆muffler 消声器,减声器multimedia 多种介质的,多种手段的,多种方式的multipurpose use of waste 废物综合利用municipal 城市的,市政的municipal refuse 城市垃圾municipal sewage 城市污水mutagenesis 致突变作用mutagenic 诱变的,致突变的mutation 突变nascent oxygen 初生氧,新生氧natural circulation 自然环流natural conservation 自然保护neck 颈,颈部niche 小生境,适当的位置,适当的场所nightsoil 人粪尿,粪便nitrate nitrogen 硝酸盐氮nitric acid 硝酸nitrification (氮的) 硝化(作用)nitrifying bacteria 硝化菌nitrite nitrogen 亚硝酸盐氮Nitrobacter 硝化杆菌nitrogeneous compound 含氮化合物Nitrosomonas 亚硝化毛杆菌(使氨氧化为亚硝酸盐)noise elimination 噪声消除noise level 噪声级noise silencer 噪声抑制器nomogram 列线图,诺模图non-ferrous metals 非铁金属, 有色金属normal solution 当量溶液noxious 有害的nuisance 讨厌物,公害nuisanceless technology 无公害工艺nutrient 营养物,养料Oobjectionable 讨厌的,不适合的,不能采用的,不好的,有害的objectionable impurity 有害杂质obligate aerobes 专性需氧菌,专性好氧菌obnoxious 讨厌的occupational disease 职业病ocean disposal 向海洋排放ocean dumping 向海洋投弃,向海洋倾倒odor (odour) 臭味,气味(指香味和臭味)odor and taste 臭味和水味odorant (odorous substance) 恶臭物质of interest 值得注意的,有关的,重要的offensive industry 有毒工业,有害工业offscum 脱浮渣oil separate tank 隔油池oil separator 分油器,油水分离器,隔油池oil-and-water trap 油水收集器,油水阱olfaction 嗅觉olfactory sense 嗅觉oligotrophic 贫营养的on-site treatment systems 就地处理系统open channel flow 明渠流open ditch 明渠operating rules 操作规程operation manual (产品)使用说明书operational research 运筹学opposing reaction 对抗反应,对峙反应order of magnitude 数量级order of reaction 反应级数ordinance 法令,条例ordinary pressure 常压organic carbon(OC) 有机碳organic polyelectrolyte 有机高分子电解质organic polymer 有机聚合物organism 有机体,生物体organometallic compound 有机金属化合物orifice column 筛板塔original concentration 原始浓度ORP (oxidation reduction potential) 氧化还原电位oscillation 振动,振荡osmosis 渗透outfall 渠口,沟渠出口,排水出口outlet 排出,出口,出水口outlet chamber 出流室,出流井overall floorage 总建筑面积overall reaction rate equation 总反应速率方程overflow 溢流overhaul (彻底)检查,检修overhead railway 高架铁路overhead storage water tank 高架储水箱overview 综述,概述,概要,观察,概观oxidizing agent 氧化剂。
环境工程英语词汇
环境工程英语词汇环境工程专业学生主要学习普通化学、工程力学、测量学、工程制图、环境微生物学、水力学、电工学、环境监测、环境工程学科的基本理论和基本知识,受到外语、计算机技术及绘图、污染物监测和分析、工程设计、管理及规划方面的基本训练,具有环境科学技术和给水排水工程领域的`科学研究、工程设计和管理规划方面的基本能力。
以下是关于环境工程专业的英语词汇汇总,希望大家喜欢。
Atmospheric composition大气组成Seismic monitoring地震监测Atmospheric particulates大气颗粒物Carbon dioxide二氧化碳Greenhouse gases温室气体Wind erosion风蚀Contaminated land污染的土地Land carrying capacity土地承载能力Land use classification土地使用分类Sedimentation沉淀, 沉降Chlorofluorocarbons氯氟碳Deposited particulate matter沉降的颗粒物Desertification沙漠化Microclimate effects微气候影响Solid Earth固态地球Afforestation植树造林Forest conservation森林保护Grass fires草地火灾Greenbelts绿化带Ecological balance生态平衡Temperate woodlands温带林地Ecological balance生态平衡Food chain食物链Parasites寄生生物National parks国家公园Reptiles爬行动物Cloning无性繁殖Municipal water distribution systems城市配水系统River pollution河流污染Resources management资源管理Air quality空气质量Atmospheric chemistry大气化学Air-water interaction空气-水相互作用Atmospheric circulation大气环流Atmospheric precipitation大气降水Carbon cycle碳循环Evaporation蒸发作用Precipitation enhancement降水增加Solar radiation太阳辐射Transpiration蒸腾作用Acid rain酸雨Air pollutants空气污染物Fly ash飞灰Haze薄烟Climatic issues气候问题Climatic change气候变化Climatic zones气候带Drought干旱, 缺乏Global warming全球变暖Humidity湿度Sea level rise海平面上升Agricultural lan农用土地Contaminated land污染的土地Gravel pits沙坑Heath lands荒地Land pollution土地污染Marginal lands边缘土地Water erosion水蚀Soil capabilities土壤潜力Soil contamination土壤污染Desertification(土壤)荒漠化,沙漠化Drought control抗旱Dry farming旱作Biotopes群落生境Tropical forests热带森林Endangered plant species濒危植物物种Temperate forests温带森林Tropical ecosystems热带生态系统Tropical forests热带森林Antarctic region南极地区Arctic ecosystems北极生态系统Arctic region北极地区Cold zone ecosystems寒带生态系统Grassland ecosystems草地生态系统Permafrost ecosystems永久冻土生态系统Polar ecosystems极地生态系统Temperate ecosystems温带生态系统Mountain ecosystems山地生态系统Highland ecosystems高原生态系统Watershed management流域管理Waterside development水边开发Amphibians两栖动物Animal behaviour动物习性Animal resources动物资源Arthropods节肢动物Biological diversity生物多样性。
无损检测专业词汇
无损检测专业词汇(P-Z)packing 包装Pair production 电子偶生成电子对产生Palladium barrier leak detector 钯屏检漏仪Panoramic exposure 全景曝光panoramic tube 周向(X射线)管parallel and level 平齐Parallel scan 平行扫查parallelism 平行度Paramagnetic material 顺磁性材料Parasitic echo 干扰回波paratactic 并列parent metal 母材Partial pressure 分压Particle content 磁悬液浓度粒子含量Particle velocity 质点(振动)速度Pascal (Pa)帕斯卡(帕)Pascal cubic metres per second 帕立方米每秒(Pa·m3/s )Path length difference 光程长度差路径长度差声程差Path length 光程长度路径长度声程长度Pattern 图形Peak current 峰值电流Penetrameter sensitivity 透度计灵敏度Penetrameter 透度计Penetrant comparator 渗透对比试块Penetrant flaw detection 渗透探伤Penetrant removal 渗透剂去除Penetrant station 渗透工位Penetrant 渗透剂渗透液Penetrant,water-washable 水洗型渗透剂penetrated thickness 透照厚度Penetration time 渗透时间Penetration 渗透穿透熔深period of validity 有效期periphery 周边外围Permanent magnet 永久磁铁Permeability coefficient 透气系数渗透系数磁导系数Permeability,a-c 交流磁导率Permeability,d-c 直流磁导率petroleum distillates 石油馏出物Phantom echo 幻象回波幻影波Phase analysis 相位分析Phase angle 相位角Phase controlled circuit breaker 断电相位控制器Phase detection 相位检测鉴相Phase hologram 相位全息图Phase sensitive detector 相敏检波器Phase shift 相位移Phase velocity 相速度phased array radar 相控阵雷达Phased array testing 相控阵检测Phase-sensitive system 相敏系统Phillips ionization gage 菲利浦电离计Phosphor 荧光物质Photoelectric absorption 光电吸收Photographic emulsion 照相乳剂Photographic fog 照相灰雾Photostimulable Luminescence Method 光激发光方法PLM技术Photostimulable luminescence 光敏发光光激荧光Piezoelectric effect 压电效应Piezoelectric material 压电材料Piezoelectric stiffness constant 压电劲度常数压电刚度常数Piezoelectric stress constant 压电应力常数Piezoelectric transducer 压电换能器Piezoelectric voltage constant 压电电压常数pilot tube指示灯Pilot U detectors U形导管探测器pipe arrangement 管配置pipe casting 管铸件pipe stanchion 管支柱pipe thickness 管壁厚度pipeline 管路piping system 管道系统Piping work 铺管工程piping 管道敷设管道系统Pirani gage 皮拉尼真空计Pitch and catch technique 一发一收法(倾斜入射-底面反射-接收)Pixel disply size 象素显示尺寸Pixel size 象素尺寸Pixel 象素Planar array 平面阵(列)Plane wave 平面波plasma panel 等离子plastic tape 塑料带plate bending rolls 卷板机plate thickness 筛板厚度Plate wave technique 板波法Plate wave 板波PLM(Photostimulable Luminescence Method)光激发光方法plug 塞pneumatic pressure 气压pneumatic signal气动信号Pocket Dosimeter 袖珍剂量计携带式放射线剂量计Point source 点(声、光、辐射)源polish 修磨Porosity (焊缝)气孔portable 轻便Post emulsifiable penetrant 后乳化渗透剂Post emulsification 后乳化?Post-cleaning 后清洗Post-Emulsifiable Fluorescent Dye Penetrants 后乳化荧光着色渗透剂postweld heat treatment 焊后热处理Powder blower 喷粉器磁粉喷枪Powder 粉末power control 功率控制power distribution equipment 配电装置power distribution panel 配电盘power distribution 配电power drill机械钻power receptacle 电力插座power source 电源Power supply 电源power wiring电力布线preamp 前置放大器Pre-amplifier 前置放大器预放大器Pre-cleaning 预清理prefabrication baiting 预制下料preservative treatment 防腐处理Pressure difference 压力差Pressure dye test 压力着色检测pressure instrument 压力仪表/压力计Pressure mark 压痕pressure meter 压力表Pressure probe 压力探头pressure test 压力试验Pressure testing 压力试验耐压试验pressure vessel 压力容器Pressure-evacuation test 压力抽真空试验Pre-test 初探预检Primary coil 一次线圈初级线圈Primary radiation 初级辐射一次辐射原辐射principal 负责人Probe backing 探头背衬Probe coil clearance 探头线圈间隙Probe coil 点式线圈探头式线圈probe coil 放置式线圈、探头式线圈(涡流检测用)Probe gas 探测气体气体探头Probe index 探测指数探头指数Probe search unit 探头Probe test 探测试验探头试验Probe to weld distance 探头-焊缝距离Process control radiograph 工艺过程控制的射线照相process pipe 工艺管道Processing capacity 处理能力Processing speed 处理速度?Prods 触头手持电极profile steel 型钢Projective radiography 投影射线照相术proof fabric 胶布Proportioning probe 比例探头protable X-ray generato 便携式X射线发生器(指便携式工业X射线探伤机)protection tube 塑料保护管Protective material 防护材料Proton radiography 质子射线照相术Pulse amplitude 脉冲幅度Pulse echo method 脉冲回波法脉冲反射法Pulse energy 脉冲能量Pulse envelope 脉冲包络Pulse length 脉冲长度Pulse repetition frequency 脉冲重复频率Pulse repetition rate 脉冲重复率Pulse tuning 脉冲调谐Pulse 脉冲脉冲波Pump-out time 抽气时间Pump-out tubulation 抽气管道push button station按钮式控制站"Q factor,Quality factor Q值品质因数"Quadruple traverse technique 四次波法qualification 资格条件限制限定赋予资格quality analysis 质量分析Quality of a beam of radiation 射线束的品质quenching of arc 熄弧Quenching of fluorescence 荧光的猝灭Quenching 猝灭淬火Quick break 快速断路Quotation 引证引语quoting 引号引用Rad(rad) 拉德(辐射剂量单位)radian in horizontal direction 水平方向弧度Radiance,L 面辐射率LRadiant existence,M 幅射照度MRadiant flux? 辐射通量radiant power,ψe 辐射功率、ψeRadiation dose 辐射剂量Radiation protection equipment 辐射防护器材Radiation 辐射Radio-frequency mass spectrometer 射频质谱仪Radio-frequency(r-f) display 射频显示Radiograph 射线底片射线照片Radiographic contrast 射线照片对比度射线照片衬度Radiographic equivalence factor 射线照相等效系数Radiographic equivalence factor 射线照相等效因子射线照相等值因数radiographic examination 射线照相检查radiographic exposure 射线照相曝光Radiographic inspection 射线照相检测Radiographic inspection 射线照相检验Radiographic quality 射线照相质量Radiographic sensitivity 射线照相灵敏度Radiography 射线照相术Radiological examination 射线照相检验Radiology 射线学放射学Radiometer 辐射计Radiometry 辐射测量术Radioscopy 射线检查法radius 半径Random Radiography 随机射线照相检查Range 量程范围射程ratio of max. and min. penetrated thickness 透照厚度比raw material 原材料Rayleigh scattering 瑞利散射Rayleigh wave 瑞利波表面波Real image 实时图像real time system 实时系统Real-time radioscopy 实时射线检查法Rearm delay time 重新延时时间recalibration 复校重新校准receptacle 插座Reciprocity failure 互易律失效照相材料的光化当量差Reciprocity law 倒易律互易定律Recording medium 记录介质Recovery time 恢复时间Rectified alternating current 脉动直流电reelpipe 卷管Reference beam 参考(光、声)束Reference block method 参考试块法Reference block 参考试块Reference coil 参考线圈Reference line method 基准线法参考线法Reference standard 参考标准Reflection coefficient 反射系数Reflection density 反射密度Reflection 反射Reflector 反射体Refraction 折射Refractive index 折射率Refrence beam angle 参考(声、光)束角reinforcement measure 加固措施reinforcement of weld 加强焊缝reinforcing pad 补强垫增强衬板Reject 拒收Rejection level 拒收水平废品等级relative humidity 相对湿度Relative permeability 相对磁导率Relevant indication 相关指示,相关显示Reluctance 磁阻Rem(rem) 雷姆(人体伦琴当量)remaining 保持剩余残存Remote controlled testing 遥控检测remote field eddy current testing 远场涡流检测render (焊接、油漆的)打底repair welding 补焊Representative quality indicator 典型质量指示器Residual magnetic field 剩磁场Residual magnetic method 剩磁法Residual magnetic technique 剩磁技术剩磁法Residual magnetism 剩磁residual stress 残余应力Resistance to flow 流体阻力resistance 电阻阻力阻抗Resolution 分辨力Resonance method 共振法谐振法Response factor 响应系数Response time 响应时间restoration 修理修补Resultant field 复合场合成场(磁场、声场)Resultant magnetic field 合成磁场复合磁场Resultant magnetization method 组合磁化法Retentivity 顽磁性Reversal 反转逆转reverse side 反面rigid conduits 刚性导管rigid steel conduit 钢制电线管硬钢管Ring count rate 振铃计数率Ring count 振铃计数"ring joint 环接, 围缘接合"Rinse 清洗Rise time 上升时间Rise-time discrimination 上升时间鉴别road crossing duct bank 平交道口管道组Rod-anode tube 棒阳极管Roentgen(R) 伦琴(一种辐射照射的计量单位,相当于零摄氏度时在标准大气压下,一平方厘米的干燥空气中产生电流的一个静电单位的致电离辐射量)Roof angle 顶角Rotational magnetic field method 旋转磁场法Rotational magnetic field 旋转磁场Rotational scan 转动扫查旋转扫查旋转扫描rough sketch 草图简略图Roughing line 粗真空管道低真空管路Roughing pump 低真空泵Roughing 粗加工粗选round flaw 圆形缺陷RS-232 interface RS-232接口(一种常用的计算机通讯接口)Safe Light 暗室安全灯安全灯Safelight 暗室安全灯安全灯Sampling probe 取样探头采样探头Saturation level 饱和电平Saturation magnetic 磁饱和Saturation 饱和scaffolding 脚手架scale 刻度Scan on grid lines 格子线扫查Scan pitch 扫查间距Scanning directly on the weld 焊缝上扫查Scanning index 扫描索引扫描指数Scanning path 扫查轨迹扫描路径Scanning sensitivity 扫查灵敏度Scanning speed 扫查速度Scanning zone 扫查区域Scanning 扫查Scattared energy 散射能量Scatter unsharpness 散射不清晰度Scattered neutrons 散射中子Scattered Porosity 分散气孔Scattered radiation 散射辐射Scattering 散射schedule number表示管壁厚度系列的号码Schlieren system 施利伦照相(条纹照相)系统Scintillation counter 闪烁计数器Scintillator and scintillating crystals 闪烁器和闪烁晶体scrap material废料Screen unsharpness 荧光(增感)屏不清晰度Screen 屏Screen-type film 荧光增感型胶片Screw thread lubricant螺纹润滑剂Screwed Piping Joints螺扣管接头SE probe SE探头"seal fitting 密封接头, 密封配件"seal welding 密封焊接Seal 密封sealing compound 电缆膏封口膏密封剂search unit 探头Search-gas 探测气体Second critical angle 第二临界角secondary circuit 二次回路Secondary coil 二次线圈次级线圈Secondary radiation 二次射线二次辐射次级辐射"sectorial scanning(S-scan),Sectorial Scans (S-Scans)扇形扫描" Selectivity 选择性Semi-conductor detector 半导体探测器Sensitivity control 灵敏度控制Sensitivity of leak test 泄漏检测灵敏度Sensitivity va1ue 灵敏度值Sensitivity 灵敏度sequence number 序号sequence test 顺序试验序列试验set 套Shear wave probe 横波探头Shear wave technique 横波法Shear wave 切变波剪切波横波shell ring (容器)筒节shield gas 保护气体shield jig 保护夹具shim plate 垫板Shim 薄垫片shop fabrication 车间制造Shot 冲击发射shrinkage cavity 缩孔Side lobe 副瓣旁瓣Side wall 侧面侧壁Sievert(Sv) 希(沃特) (射线剂量单位)Signal gradient 信号梯度Signal overload level 信号过载电平Signal overload point 信号过载点Signal to noise ratio 信噪比Signal 信号silicone paint 硅树脂漆Silver estimating paper 银试纸(评估定影液中的银含量)Single crystal probe 单晶片探头single line drawing 单线图Single probe technique 单探头法Single traverse technique 一次波法直接扫描法Sizing technique 定量法Skin depth 集肤深度透入深度趋肤深度Skin effect 集肤效应趋肤效应Skip distance 跨距Skip point 跨距点跳越点skip welding 跳焊Sky shine(air scatter) 天光(空气散射)(空中散射效应)Slag inclusion (焊缝)熔渣夹杂slag 熔渣sleeve 套筒套管small diameter tube 小径管smirch 沾污污迹smooth file 细锉smooth 平滑Sniffing probe 嗅吸探头socket weld承插焊接Soft X-rays 软X射线Soft-faced probe 软膜探头Solarization 负感作用solely 单独"solenoid valve 螺线管阀,电磁阀"Solenoid 螺线管Soluble developer 可溶显像剂溶性显示剂Solvent cleaners 溶剂清除剂Solvent developer 溶剂型显像剂Solvent remover 溶剂去除剂溶剂洗净剂solvent 溶剂Solvent-removal penetrant 溶剂去除型渗透剂sonar 声纳Sorption 吸着吸附Sound diffraction 声绕射声衍射Sound insulating layer 隔声层Sound intensity level 声强级Sound intensity 声强Sound pressure 声压Sound scattering 声散射Sound transparent layer 透声层Sound velocity 声速Source changing device 换源器(更换γ射线源的装置)Source data label 放射源数据标签Source location 源定位source size 射线源尺寸Source size 源尺寸Source 源Source-film distance 射线源-胶片距离source-to-object distance 射线源至工件距离Spacial frequency 空间频率spacing 间距间隔Spark coil leak detector 电火花线圈检漏仪Spatter (焊接)飞溅spec 技术规格规格Specific activity 放射性比活度比活性specification 规范规格Specified sensitivity 给定灵敏度给定感光度SPIP(a storage phosphor imaging plate)磷光体储存成像板splash 飞溅物"spool drawing 管路图, 管路详图""spot test 抽查, 当场测试"spot welding 点焊sputter 喷溅stability test 稳定性试验stage 台Stainless steel 不锈钢stamping 冲压Standard leak rate 标准泄漏率Standard leak 标准泄漏孔Standard tast block 标准试块Standard 标准Standardization instrument 标准化仪器Standing wave; stationary wave 驻波startup 启动statistical forms 统计表报steam trace (加热)蒸汽管道steel wire 钢丝stencil 模板蜡纸Step wedge 阶梯楔块Step-wadge comparison film 阶梯楔块比较底片stiffening rib 加强肋stockpile 贮存库存stop end 封端停止端straightness accuracy 直线度strength test 强度试验strip footing 条形基础Subject contrast 被检体对比度submerged arc-welded 埋弧焊substation 分站Subsurface discontinuity 近表面不连续性表面下缺陷sulfur 硫硫磺sundries 杂物support point 支持点Suppression 抑制surface corrosion concentration 表面锈蚀(腐蚀)浓度Surface field 表面(电、磁)场Surface noise 表面噪声Surface wave probe 表面波探头Surface wave technique 表面波法Surface wave 表面波surfactant 表面活性剂Surge magnetization 脉冲磁化Surplus sensitivity 灵敏度余量Suspension 悬浮液磁悬液Sweep range 扫描范围Sweep speed 扫描速度Sweep 扫描Swept gain 扫描增益Swivel scan 环绕扫查旋转扫描symmetrically 对称System noise 系统噪声system 制度系统tachometer 转速计tack welding 点焊平头焊接tacking 定位焊take charge of undertake 担任take-off valve输出阀Tandem scan 串列扫查tangential magnetic field strength 切线磁场强度tank gauge 液面计油箱液位计tapered allowance 削尖余量锥形宽容tapping 轻敲(声) 轻叩法出渣出钢出铁Target 靶目标Technical Specification 技术规格技术说明书tee welding 丁字焊缝T形焊接接头tee 三通管丁字钢T形梁T形物Tel: 电话:?Television fluoroscopy X射线荧光电视检查Temperature envelope 温度范围tensile strength 抗张强度Tenth-value-layer(TVL) 十分之一值层"terminal block 线弧, 接头排接线盒, 接线板, 线夹"terminal box 接线盒terminals 终端接线端Test block 试块Test coil 检测线圈test flow chart 测试流程图Test frequency 试验频率Test piece 试片test pump试验泵Test quality level 检测质量水平Test range 探测范围Test ring 试环test run 试运行Test surface 探测面Thermal neutrons 热中子Thermal resolution 热分辨率Thermocouple gage 热电偶真空计Thermogram 热谱图热谱Thermoluminescent dosemeter (TLD) 热释光剂量计热致发光剂量计Thickness sensitivity 厚度灵敏度Third critiical angle 第三临界角Thixotropic penetrant 摇溶渗透剂thread 螺纹threaded pipe 螺纹管Threading bar 穿棒引料杆Threading 车缧纹three phase capacitance 三相电容Three way sort 三档分选Threshold fog 阈值灰雾Threshold level 阀值电平Threshold setting 门限设置阈值设定Throttling 节流节流阀Through penetration technique 贯穿渗透法Through transmission technique 透射技术Through-coil technique 穿过式线圈技术Throughput 通气量通过量tie band 捆扎用带材Tight 密封time delay 延时time marker 时间标志计时器time-shifted 时间变化tip diffraction 端点衍射toe 趾(焊趾)top plate 顶板torque wrench 转矩扳手Total image unsharpness 总的图像不清晰度Total reflection 全反射toxicity 毒性Tracer gas 示踪气体Tracer probe leak location 示踪探头泄漏定位Transducer 换能器/传感器transference curve 传递曲线transformer 变压器Transition flow 过渡流瞬变流动Translucent media 半透明介质Transmission coefficient 透射系数Transmission densimeter 透射式密度计Transmission point 透射点transmission technique 穿透法穿透技术Transmission technique 透射技术Transmission 透射发送Transmittance τ 透射率τTransmitted film density 底片透射黑度Transmitted pulse 发射脉冲Transverse resolution 横向分辨率Transverse wave 横波Traveling echo 游动回波Traveling scan 移动扫描横向扫描Triangular array 三角形阵列Trigger/alarm condition 触发/报警状态Trigger/alarm level 触发/报警电平Triple traverse technique 三次波法三次反射技术True attenuation 真实衰减True continuous technique 真实连续法trunk line 干线中继线Tube current (X射线管)管电流Tube head (X射线管)管头Tube shield (X射线管)管罩管屏蔽Tube shutter (X射线管)光阑射线管快门射线管遮挡板Tube window (X射线管)窗口Tube-shift radiography 管子移位射线照相术tubing 敷设管道装管管道系统管形材料tumble switch 翻转开关拨动式开关Tungsten 钨Tungsten-arc Inert-Gas welding 钨极电弧惰性气体保护焊(缩写:TIG)two terminals 两端Two-way sort 两档分选type 型号类型ulrasonic testing 超声检测Ultra-high vacuum 超高真空ultrasonic calibration block 超声标准试块Ultrasonic cleaning 超声波清洗ultrasonic examination 超声波探伤超声检验Ultrasonic field 超声场Ultrasonic flaw detection 超声探伤Ultrasonic flaw detector 超声探伤仪Ultrasonic leak detector 超声波检漏仪Ultrasonic microscope 超声显微镜Ultrasonic noise level 超声噪声电平Ultrasonic phased arrays 超声相控阵ultrasonic reference block 超声对比试块Ultrasonic spectroscopy 超声频谱Ultrasonic testing system 超声检测系统Ultrasonic thickness gauge 超声测厚仪Ultraviolet radiation 紫外辐射undelivery 未交货Under development 显影不足underbead cracks 焊道下裂纹undercut 底切,(焊接)咬边underfill (焊接)未填满(凹陷)unevenness 凹凸unfitness of butt joint 错边量ungrease treatment 脱脂处理Unit price 单价unit 单位Unsharpness 不清晰不清晰度Useful density range 有效密度范围UV-A A类紫外辐射UV-A filter A类紫外辐射滤片Vacuum cassette 真空暗盒真空盒vacuum degree leak test 真空度检漏Vacuum testing 真空检测Vacuum 真空valve 阀闸门Van de Graaff generator 范德格喇夫起电机Vapor pressure 蒸汽压力Vapour degreasing 蒸汽除油蒸汽脱脂Variable angle probe 可变角探头vault 拱顶Vee path V形行程V形路径Vehicle 载体"vent 放气孔, 通风孔"verify 校验Vertical linearity 垂直线性Vertical location 垂直定位vertical panel 竖直面板verticality 铅垂度垂直性vibration stopper 减震器viewing area 观察区域(评片灯上的评片观察区域或窗口)Virtual limage 虚拟图像Visible light 可见光visual inspection 外观检查V oltage threshold 阈值电压Wash station 水洗工位Water break test 水膜破坏试验断水试验(测定液体的润湿性)Water Chiller 水冷器(X射线机的冷却系统)Water column coupling method 水柱耦合法Water column probe 水柱耦合探头water distance 水距Water path 水程Water tolerance 水容限耐水性吸水量允许含水量Water-washable penetrant 可水洗型渗透剂Wave form 波形Wave front 波前Wave guide acoustic emission 声发射波导Wave length,wavelength 波长Wave node 波节wave physics 波动物理学Wave train 波列Wave 波Web: 网址:?Wedge 斜楔weld bead 焊缝熔敷焊道焊珠weld beads (焊缝)焊道weld bond 焊口焊缝weld joint 焊缝焊接接头weld reinforcement 焊缝补强welded flange 平焊法兰焊接翼缘welded joint 焊接缝焊接节点welded steel pipe 焊接钢管welding bead 焊珠welding flux 焊剂welding line angular distortion 焊缝角变形welding line 焊缝welding procedure 焊接工艺welding rod 焊条welding spatter 焊接飞溅welding torch 焊炬welding wire 焊丝Welding 焊接weldment 焊接件wet developer 湿显像剂Wet method 湿法Wet slurry technique 湿浆(膏剂)法Wet technique 湿法Wetting action 润湿作用Wetting agents 润湿剂wheel search unit 轮式探头Wheel type probe 轮式探头White light 白光White X-rays 连续X射线白色X射线whole set 成套... 成组...wire coil 线盘线卷wire connector 接线器wire splice 接线wire terminal 电线接头withstand voltage test 耐(电)压试验witnessed inspections 现场检测Wobble effect 抖动效应摆动效应Wobble 摆动Working sensitivity 工作灵敏度workpiece 工件Works Process Specification 典型工艺规程WPS Works Process Specification 典型工艺规程Wrap around 回绕X –radiation 伦琴射线,X射线辐射X-axle X轴XCT(X-ray transcission computed tomography) X射线透射电脑断层照像术Xe(xenon) 氙xeno- ①外②异物xenon lamp 氙灯泡xenon light source 氙光源(内窥镜用)xenon(abbr.Xe) 氙xero- 干燥xerographic puinter 静电照像印刷机xerographic 静电复印的,硒鼓复印的xerography 静电印刷术,干印术xeroradiograph 干板X射线照片Xeroradiography 静电影像射线照相术干法射线照相术xerox 硒鼓复印机X-gram X射线照片X-p(X-ray photograph) X射线照像X-particle X-粒子XPS(X-ray photoelectron spectroscepy) X射线光电子分光镜检查XR(xeroradiography) 干板X射线照像术X-radiation X射线辐射X–ray apparatus X射线装置,X光机X-ray beam collimator X射线束准直器X-ray beam X射线束X-ray caliper X射线测径尺X-ray camera X射线照像机X-ray cassette X射线胶片暗匣,X光底片托架X-ray computerized tomography(abbr.CT) X线电子计算机断层摄影X-ray controller X射线控制器X-ray crack detector X线裂痕检查器X-ray crystallography X射线衍射晶体分析法X-ray detection apparatus X射线探测装置X-ray diffractometer X射线衍射仪X-ray difraction X射线衍射X-ray doimeter X射线剂量仪X-ray equipment X射线设备,X光机X-ray examination X射线检查X-ray film base X光片基X-ray film box X光胶片箱X-ray film cassette X光胶片盒X-ray film dryer X光胶片干燥箱X-ray film processing bucdet X光胶片洗片桶X-ray film storage chest X光胶片储片柜X-ray film X射线胶片X-ray flaw detector X射线探伤机X-ray fluorescence logger X射线荧光记录器X-ray fluorescent spectrometer X射线荧光分光计X-ray fluoroscopy X射线透视x-ray generator X射线发生器X-ray high voltage generator X射线高压发生器X-ray illuminator X射线映光器,X射线观察箱X-ray image intensifier rapid sepuence camera X线影像增强器快速连续照像机X-ray image intensifier tube X线图像增强管X-ray image intensifier TV umit X线影像增强电视装置X-ray image X射线图像X-ray inspection X射线检查X-ray installation X射线设备X-ray licalization unit X射线定位仪X-ray machine X射线机X-ray magnifierareader X片放大阅读器X-ray paper X射线感光纸X-ray performance monitor 放射线剂量监测仪X-ray photogram X光胶片,X射线照片X-ray photograph X光胶片,X射线照片X-ray photography X射线照像术X-ray photon source X射线光源X-ray picture X射线照片X-ray proteaiveapron X射线防护围裙X-ray radiography X射线摄影术X-ray radiometer X射线辐射计X-ray rectifying valve X射线整流管X-ray reflector X射线反射计X-ray scanner X射线扫描仪X-ray spectrograph X射线摄谱仪X-ray spectrometer X射线分光计X-ray spectrum X射线立体照片X-ray stereophotography X射线立体摄影术X-ray stress analyzer X射线应力分析仪X-ray television X射线电视X-ray tomographic unit X射线断层摄影机X-ray tube diaphragm X射线管光阑X-ray tube X射线管X-ray TV unit X射线电视机X-ray unit X光机,X射线装置X-ray X射线,伦琴射线X-rayogram X射线照片XRG(xerography radiography) 干板X射线照像术X-Y plotter X-Y绘画仪X-Y recorder X-Y记录器(用以记录两个变量间的关系)X-Y tape recorder X-Y带式记录器xylonite 赛璐璐Y axis Y轴,纵座标轴Y tube Y形管,三通管Y(yttrium) 钇yard 码(英长度单位,等于0.9144米)yardstick 尺度,标准yarn 线纱,丝Yb (ytterbium) 镱year 年yellow beeswax 黄蜂蜡yellow filter 黄色滤色镜yellow soft paraffin 黄软石蜡yellow spot 黄斑yellow 黄色yield 输出,产生,给予Y-junction Y形接头(波导管)Yoke magnetization method 磁轭磁化法Yoke 磁轭ypsiloid V字形的,倒A形的Y-section 三通管接头,Y形接头Y-shaped connector 三通接头ytterbium(abbr.Yb) 镱yttrium(abbr.Y) 钇Zener diode 齐纳二极管,稳压二极管zero ①零,零位②坐标原点zero adjuster 零位调整器zero adjustment 零位调整,零点调整zero correction 零点校正zero drift 零位偏移zero load 无载,空载zero reading 零读数zero set 零位调整zero-balance bridge 零点平衡电桥zerodone 水流泠却器zeroing 零位调整zigzag laser 锯齿形激光器Zigzag scan 锯齿扫查Zinc (abbr.Zn) 锌zinc coating 镀锌制品zinc oxide 氧化锌zinc plated 镀锌的zincative 负电的zinc-mercury cell 锌汞电池zincode (电池的)锌极zincum (abbr.Zn) 锌zirconium(abbr.Zr) 锆Zn(zinc) 锌Zone calibration location 区域校准定位Zone location 区域定位zone 区域,范围,带zoom ①图像电子放大②变焦距zoom lens 变焦镜头zoom stereo-microscope 可变焦距实体显微镜zoomar lens 可变焦距透镜,可变焦距物物镜zoomar 可变焦距透镜系统(电视)Zr (zirconium) 锆。
环境科学与工程-专业英语词汇必备(免费)
环境科学与工程专业词汇包括环境学总论、环境地学、环境生物学、环境化学、环境物理学、环境工程学、环境医学、环境经济学、环境管理学、环境法学、环境教育等11大类。
环境学总论原生环境primary environment次生环境secondary environment生态示范区ecological demonstrate area环境地质学environmental geology环境地球化学environmental geo-chemistry环境土壤学environmental soil science环境微生物学environmental microbiology环境危机environmental crisis环境保护environmental protection环境预测environmental forecasting环境自净environmental self-purification环境效应environmental effect环境容量environmental capacity环境演化evolution of environment环境背景值(本底值)environmental background value环境保护产业(环保产业)environmental production industry环境壁垒(绿色壁垒)environmental barrier绿色革命green revolution可持续发展sustainable development第三类环境问题(社会环境问题)the third environmental problem 悬浮物suspended solids一次污染物primary pollutant二次污染物secondary pollutant全球性污染global pollution排污收费pollution charge可更新资源renewable resources不可更新资源non-renewable resources自然保护区natural reserve area防护林protection forest公害public nuisance矿山公害mining nuisance工业废水industrial waste water矿山废水mining drainage生活饮用水domestic potable water草原退化grassland degeneration沙漠化desertification人口压力population pressure人口净增率rate of population全球环境监测系统global environment monitoring system GEMS 中国环境保护工作方针Chinese policy for environment protection “三同时”原则principle of “the three at the same time”二噁英公害dioxine nuisance马斯河谷烟雾事件disaster in Meuse Valley多诺拉烟雾事件disaster in Donora伦敦烟雾事件disaster in London水俣病事件minamata disease incident骨痛病事件itai-itai disaster incident洛杉矶光化学烟雾事件Los Angeles photochemical smog episode 四日市哮喘事件Yokkaichi asthma episode米糠油事件Yusho disease incident环境地学水圈hydrosphere水循环water circulation地面水(地表水)surface water水位water level下渗(入渗)sinking蒸发evaporation最高水位highest water level最低水位lowest water level平均水位average water level警戒水位warning water level流速flow velocity流量discharge洪水期flood season枯水期low-water season冲刷washout含水层aquifer隔水层(不透水层)aquiclude透水层permeable stratum层间水interlayer water承压水(有压层间水)confined water 或自流水artesian water 孔隙水void water岩溶水(喀斯特水)karst water径流runoff flow地表径流runoff地下水ground water流域保护water basin protection淡水fresh water咸水saltwater降水precipitation沉淀降水量amount of precipitation降水强度intensity of precipitation水环境容量carrying capacity of water environment 水土流失(土壤侵蚀)soil and water loss点源污染point source pollution面源污染non-point source pollution扩散diffusion涡流eddy current涡流扩散eddy diffusion富营养化废水eutrophic waste-water污水sewage漫灌flood irritation水底沉积物(底质或底泥)benthal deposit总固体total solids悬浮固体suspended solids总溶解固体total dissolved solids河流复氧常数constant of river reoxygenation湖泊酸化lake acidification富营养化eutrophication富营养湖eutrophic lake中营养湖mesotrophic lake贫营养湖oligotrophic lake水库reservoir海洋处置sea disposal海底采样sea floor sample赤潮(红潮)red tide海水淡化desalination of seawater海底沉积物sea bottom sediment海洋倾倒ocean dumping水质water quality水资源综合利用water resource integrated utilization水土保持soil and water conservation河道整治channel improvement水污染毒性生物评价biological assessment of water pollution toxicity水利工程hydro-engineering水体自净self-purification of water body水环境保护功能区(水质功能区)functional district of water environment 土地处理系统land treatment system土地沙漠化land desertification土壤肥力soil fertility土壤酸碱度soil acidity and alkalinity土壤污染防治prevention and treatment of soil pollution 土壤盐渍化(土壤盐碱化)soil salination土壤酸化soil acidification母质(土壤母质或成土母质)parent material土壤剖面soil profile腐殖质化humification淋溶作用leaching土壤改良soil improvement土壤粒级soil separate土壤质地soil texture缓冲作用buffering/buffer action缓冲剂buffering agent/buffer缓冲容量buffer capacity盐基饱和度base saturation percentage灌溉irrigation富里酸fuvic acid胡敏素humin土壤团聚体soil aggregate土壤退化(土壤贫瘠化)soil degeneration土壤地带性soil zonality污水灌溉wastewater irrigation臭氧层ozone layer降水precipitation降水量rainfall降水强度precipitation intensity大气环境容量atmospheric environmental capacity 事后评价afterwards assessment烟尘消除elimination of smoke and dust温室效应greenhouse effect大气扩散atmospheric diffusion烟羽(烟流或羽流)plume逆温inversion环境生物学生境habitat耐受极限limits of tolerance最小因子定律law of minimum生物检测bioassay环境胁迫environmental stress生物多样性bio-diversity生态位niche生命周期life cycle生态型ecotype自养生物autotrophy异养生物heterotroph指数增长exponential growth互利共生mutualism寄生parasitism衍生物derivative杀虫剂insecticide杀菌剂fungicide除草剂herbicide防腐剂preservative杀鼠剂rodenticide无残留农药non-persistent pesticide植物性农药phytopesticide污水灌溉sewage irrigation世界自然历史遗产保护地world natural and historical heritage site 储量stock过度捕获over-hunting; over-fishing猎(渔)期open season农业残渣agricultural dregs赤潮red tide藻花algae bloom/水花water bloom原生污染物primary pollutant次生污染物secondary pollutant急性毒性实验acute toxicity test慢性毒性实验chronic toxicity test预备实验screening test; range-finding test; preliminary test 稀释dilution归宿fate生物积累bioaccumulation生物浓缩bioconcentration生物放大biomagnification生物降解biological degradation; biodegradation生物营养物质biotic nutrient多污生物带polysaprobic zone中污生物带mesosaprobic zone寡污生物带oligosaprobic zone敏感种sensitive species; intolerant organism耐污种tolerant species生物滤池biological filter净化塘/氧化塘/生物塘purification pond生物膜biomembrane; biological film轮作crop rotation间作intercropping套种interplanting基塘模式farm land and fish pond model防护林带shelter belt沼气marsh gas农家肥farm manure堆肥piled manure城市热岛效应urban heat island effect城市生态规划urban ecological planning环境激素endocrine disrupting chemicals; endocrine disruptors 边缘效应edge effect生态恢复ecological restoration恢复生态学restoration ecological环境化学甲基汞methyl mercury镉米cadmium rice农药残留pesticide residue有机氯农药organochlorine pesticide有机磷农药organophosphorous pesticide氨基甲酸酯杀虫剂carbamate insecticide拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂pyrethroid insecticide植物生长调节剂growth regulator化学致癌物chemical carcinogen表面活性剂surfactant多氯联苯类polychlorinated biphenyls;PCBs多环芳烃类polyaromtic hydrocarbon; PAH催化(催化作用)catalysis臭氧化ozonization光化学氧化剂photochemical oxidant过氧乙酰硝酸酯peroxyacetyl nitrate;PAN干沉降dry deposition湿沉降wet deposition光化学烟雾photochemical smog大气光化学atmospheric photochemistry降水化学precipitation chemistry气溶胶化学aerosol chemistry悬浮颗粒物suspended particulate总悬浮颗粒物total suspended particulates(TSP)飘尘(可吸入颗粒物或可吸入尘)airborne particle 降尘(落尘)dustfall;falling dust气溶胶aerosol水质water quality盐度salinity氧化还原电位oxidation-reduction potential;redox potential 溶解氧dissolved oxygen化学需氧量chemical oxygen demand生化需氧量biochemical oxygen demand总有机碳total organic carbon溶解度solubility聚集aggregation絮凝flocculation凝聚coagulation离子交换ion exchange萃取extraction缓冲溶液buffer solution氧平衡模式(氧垂曲线)oxygen balance model吸收剂(吸附剂)absorbent活性炭active carbon氧化剂oxidant还原剂reductant胶团micelle胶体溶液colloidal solution脱硫剂desulfurization agent电渗析electrodialysis萃取剂extracting agent过滤filter絮凝剂flocculant;flocculating agent无机絮凝剂inorganic flocculant有机高分子絮凝剂organic polymer flocculant 中和法neutralization反渗透膜reverse osmosis membrane硅胶silica gel蒸汽蒸馏steam distillation超滤膜ultrafilter membrane灵敏度sensitivity准确度accuracy精密度precision可靠性reliability检测限detection limit相对误差relative error绝对误差absolute error偶然误差accidental error平均偏差mean deviation采样误差sampling error标准溶液standard solution标准物质standard substance允许误差allowable error允许浓度allowable concentration微量分析microanalysis痕量分析trace analysis现场分析in-situ analysis仪器分析instrumental analysis水质分析water quality analysis比色分析colorimetric analysis沉降分析sedimentation analysis自动分析automatic analysis原子吸收分光光度法atomic absorption spectrophotometry 原子吸收分光光度计atomic absorption spectrophotometer 原子荧光光谱法atomic fluorescence spectrometry原子荧光光谱仪atomic fluorescence spectrometer电化学分析法electrochemical method高效液相色谱法high performance liquid chromatography 高效液相色谱仪high performance liquid chromatograph气相色谱分析gas chromatography气相色谱仪gas chromatograph采样器sampler大气采样器air sampler底泥采样器sediment samplerpH计pH meter湿度计hygrometer固定大气污染源stationary sources of air pollution移动大气污染源mobile sources of air pollution固定式水污染源stationary sources of water pollution 移动式水污染源mobile sources of water pollution污染负荷pollution load污染源调查survey of pollution sources无污染工艺pollution-free technology无污染装置pollution-free installation污染物总量控制total amount control of pollution水质参数water quality parameter水温water temperature色度color index透明度transparency混浊度turbidity硬度hardness感官污染指标sensuous pollution index毒理学污染指标physical pollution index化学污染指标chemical pollution index细菌学污染指标bacteriological pollution index毒理学污染指标toxicological pollution index城市污水municipal sewage生活污水domestic sewage工业废水industrial wastewater常规分析指标index of routine analysis环境监测environmental monitoring过程监测course monitoring污染物排放标准pollution discharge standard总量排放标准total amount of pollution discharge standard 优先监测priority monitoring环境优先污染物environmental priority pollutant总固体total solids可吸入微粒(可吸入尘和飘尘)inhale particles浊度计turbidimeter实验室质量控制laboratory quality conrol空白实验值blank value平行样duplicate samples再现性(重现性)reproducibility重复性repeatability回收率recovery rate检出限detection limit冷原子吸收法cold-vapor atomic absorption method紫外吸收光谱法ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry 重量分析gravimetric analysis内标法internal marker method定性分析qualitative analysis定量分析quantitive analysis试样前处理pre-treatment均值mean value标准差standard error方差variation回归分析regression analysis相关分析correlation analysis相关系数correlation coefficient系统误差systematic error随机误差random error有效数字valid figure农药残留分析pesticide residue analysis排污收费effluent charge室内空气污染indoor air pollution水体自净self-purification of water body 水土保持soil and water conservation 水土流失soil erosion土壤修复soil-remediation生物修复bioremediation光降解photodegradation温室气体greenhouse gases总量收费total quantity charge超临界流体supercritical fluid土壤采样soil pollution环境物理学光辐射(光)visible radiation红外线infrared ray紫外线ultraviolet ray灭菌灯bactericidal lamp光污染light pollution噪声污染noise pollution混响reverberation听力损失hearing loss绝对湿度absolute humidity相对湿度relative humidity饱和度saturation ratio冷凝condensation露点温度dew point temperature热辐射thermal radiation比热specific heat空气调节air conditioning通风ventilation环境工程学环境污染综合防治integrated prevention and control of pollution 环境功能区划environmental function zoning稀释比dilution ratio迁移transfer紊流扩散turbulent diffusion氧亏(亏氧量)oxygen deficit复氧reaeration溶解氧下垂曲线dissolved-oxygen sag curve饱和溶解氧saturated dissolved无污染燃料pollution-free fuel空气-燃料比air-to-fuel ratio烟气分析analysis of flue gas脱硫desulfurization除尘效率particle collection efficiency分割粒径cut diameter for particles压力损失(压力降)pressure drop机械除尘器mechanical collector重力沉降室gravity settling chamber惯性除尘器inertial dust separator旋风除尘器cyclone collector回流式旋风除尘器reverse-flow cyclone collector直流旋风除尘器straight-through cyclone collector多管旋风除尘器multiple cyclone collector过滤除尘器filter袋式除尘器bag house滤料filtration media气布比air-to-cloth ratio机械振动清灰袋式除尘器bag house with shake cleaning逆气流清灰袋式除尘器bag house with reverse-flow cleaning 脉冲喷吹清灰袋式除尘器bag house with pulse-jet cleaning 静电除尘electrostatic precipitator (ESP)电晕放电corona discharge驱进速度drift velocity集尘极collecting electrode板间距distance between collecting electrodes电极清灰removal of collected particle from electrodes宽间距静电除尘器wide space electrostatic precipitator高压脉冲静电除尘器pulse charging electrostatic precipitator湿式静电除尘器wet electrostatic precipitator双区静电除尘器(两段式电除尘器)two-stage electrostatic precipitator 湿式除尘器wet collector of particulates重力喷雾洗涤器gravitational spray scrubber旋风洗涤器centrifugal scrubber中心喷雾旋风洗涤器]cyclone spray scrubber泡沫洗涤塔foam tower scrubber填料床洗涤器packed bed scrubber文丘里洗涤器venturi scrubber双膜理论two-film theory气膜控制gas film control液膜控制liquid film control穿透曲线break through curve催化剂catalyst催化剂中毒poisoning of catalyst烟气脱硫flue gas desulfurization (FGD)湿法脱硫wet process of FGD石灰-石灰石法脱硫desulfurization by lime and limestone氨吸收法脱硫ammonia process of FGD干法脱硫dry process FGD吸收法控制氮氧化物control of NOx by absorption水吸收法脱氮control of NOx by absorption process with water酸吸收法脱氮control of NOx by absorption process with acid碱吸收法脱氮control of NOx by absorption process with alkali吸附法控制氮氧化物control of NOx by adsorption分子筛吸附法脱氮control of NOx by adsorption process with molecular sieve 硅胶吸附法脱氮control of NOx by adsorption process with silica gel气体生物净化biotreatment of gaseous pollutant生物过滤器biofilter汽车尾气污染pollution of automobile exhaust gal生物脱臭biotreatment of oder集气罩capture hood烟囱有效排放高度effective height of emmission清洁生产cleaner production矿山废水mining drainage电镀废水electroplating wastewater给水处理厂water treatment plant污水处理厂wastewater treatment给水(污水)处理构筑物water (sewage)treatment structure 污水集水井swage joining well废水调节池wastewater flow equalization basin格栅grill筛网grid screen沉砂池grit settling tank曝气沉砂池aeration grit settling tank平流式沉砂池horizontal grit settling tank立式圆形沉砂池vertical circular grit settling tank圆形周边运动沉砂池circular perimeter flow grit settling tank重力排砂grit discharge by gravity水力提升排砂grit discharge with hydraulic elevator水力旋流器hydraulic cyclone沉淀池settling tank重力沉淀池gravity settling tank浓缩式沉淀池thickening settling tank斜板(斜管)沉淀池sloping plank(pipe)settling tank辐流式沉淀池radial settling tank平流式沉淀池horizontal settling tank竖流式沉淀池vertical settling tank悬浮污泥澄清池suspended sludge clarifier脉冲澄清池pulse clarifier水力循环澄清池hydraulic circulating clarifier竖流折板絮凝池vertical table flap flocculating tank 机械搅拌絮凝池mechanical mixing flocculating tank 颗粒自由沉降particle free sediment絮凝沉降flocculation sedimentation拥挤沉降hindered sedimentation气浮池floatation basin加压溶气气浮法pressure dissolved-air floatation微电解法micro electroanalysis过滤池filter重力过滤法gravity filtration process压力过滤法pressure filtration process真空过滤法vacuum filtration process快滤池rapid filtration慢滤池slow filtration接触滤池contact filter双向滤池bidirectional filter双层滤料滤池double layer filter无阀滤池non-valve filter虹吸滤池siphon filter压力滤池pressure filterV型滤池aquazur V-filter砂滤sand filtration微滤机microstrainer滤池冲洗强度backwashing intensity of filter 滤层filter material layer滤料承托层holding layer for filter material 斜板隔油沉淀池oil trap with slope plank冷却塔cooling tower湿式氧化法wet oxidation process反应池reaction basin叶轮搅拌器turbine mixer膜分离法membrane separation method半渗透膜semi-permeable membrane电渗析electrodialysis反渗透reverse osmosis离子交换膜ion exchange membrane萃取extraction汽提stripping吹脱法blow-off method臭氧氧化法ozonation臭氧发生器ozonator磁分离法magnetic isolation method光催化氧化optical catalysis oxidation软化水处理softening water treatment石灰-纯碱软化法lime-sodium carbonate softening method废水好氧/厌氧处理biological aerobic/anaerobic treatment of wastewater 微生物内源代谢microorganism intrinsic metabolism微生物合成代谢microorganism synthetic metabolism基质分解代谢substrate degradation metabolism活性污泥法activated sludge process回流污泥return sludge剩余污泥surplus sludge初次沉淀池primary sedimentation basin曝气池aeration推流式曝气池plug-flow aeration basin二次沉淀池secondary sedimentation basin污泥沉降比sludge settling ratio污泥容积指数sludge velum index污泥负荷volume loading普通活性污泥法conventional activated sludge process分段曝气法step aeration method延时曝气法extended aeration method加速曝气法accelerant aeration method深井曝气法deep well aeration method纯氧曝气法oxygen aeration method 鼓风曝气装置blast aerator扩散曝气设备diffusion aerator 射流曝气设备efflux aerator机械曝气装置mechanical aerator 表面曝气装置surface aerator曝气时间aeration time污泥龄sludge age活性污泥培养activated sludge culture活性污泥驯化domestication of activated sludge粉末炭活性炭法powdered carbon activated sludge process污泥膨胀sludge bulking生物滤池biological filter高负荷生物滤池high-loading biological filter水力负荷hydraulic loading有机负荷organic loading塔式生物滤池tower biological filer生物转盘biological rotating disc生物流化床biological fluidized bed活性生物滤池activated biofilter化粪池septic tank污水硝化脱氮处理nitrogen removal from wastewater by nitrification污水反硝化脱氮处理nitrogen removal from wastewater by denitrification污水硝化—反硝化脱氮处理nitrogen removal from wastewater by nitridenitrification土地处理系统land treatment system氧化塘oxidation pond好氧塘aerobic pond兼性塘facultative pond厌氧塘anaerobic pond曝气氧化塘aerated oxidation pondICEAS intermittent cyclic extended aeration system间歇循环延时曝气活性污泥法DAT-IAT工艺demand aeration tankintermittent aeration tank system(需氧池-间歇池)A1/O工艺anoxic/ oxicA2/O工艺anaerobic oxicPhostrip工艺phostriop processBardenpho工艺Bardenpho processPhoredox工艺Phoredox processUCT工艺university of cape townVIP工艺Virginia initiative plant厌氧生物滤池(AF)anaerobic filter厌氧接触法anaerobic contact process厌氧生物转盘anaerobic biological rotating disc两相厌氧消化two-phase anaerobic digest序批式间歇反应器series batch reactor氧化沟oxidation ditch上流式厌氧污泥床upflow anaerobic sludge blanket MSBR modified sequencing batch reactor消毒disinfection灭菌sterilization加氯机chlorinator氯化消毒chlorization disinfection漂白粉消毒disinfection by bleaching powder紫外线消毒disinfection with ultraviolet rays加氯消毒disinfection by chlorine液氯liquified chlorine gas需氯量chlorine demand余氯chlorine residual游离性余氯free chlorine residual折点加氯chlorination breakpoint过氧化氢消毒disinfection by hydrogen peroxide除味taste removal除臭odor removal脱色decoloration生污泥undigested sludge熟污泥digested sludge污泥处置disposal of sludge真空过滤法vacuum flotation process污泥浓缩sludge thickening污泥消化sludge digestion污泥脱水sludge dewatering污泥干化sludge drying污泥焚烧sludge incineration真空过滤机脱水dewatering by vacuum filter板框压滤机脱水dewatering by plate frame press filter 辊轧式脱水机脱水dewatering by roll press带式压滤机脱水dewatering by belt press filter离心式脱水机脱水dewatering by centrifuge中温消化处理middle temperature digestive treatment 高温消化处理high temperature digestive treatment污泥浓缩池sludge thickener污泥消化池sludge digestion tank污泥产气率gas production rate of sludge污泥干化场sludge drying bed固体废物solid wastes城市生活垃圾municipal solid wastes城市生活垃圾堆放处置法dumping of municipal solid wastes城市生活垃圾卫生填埋法sanitary landfilling of municipal solid wastes 城市生活垃圾焚烧法incineration of municipal solid wastes城市生活垃圾分类sorting of municipal solid wastes城市生活垃圾收集collection of municipal solid wastes垃圾收费refuse taxing废电池used battery有毒有害工业固体废物toxic industrial wastes医疗废物health care wastes填埋场landfill渗滤液leachate treatment焚烧炉incineration furnaces助燃空气系统air injection system余热利用heat utilization焚烧灰渣ash水泥固化技术cement solidification石灰固化lime solidification沥青固化技术asphalt solidification固体废物预处理preliminary treatment of solid wastes 破碎crushing of solid wastes筛分screening of solid wastes风力分选wind separation放射性固体废物radioactive solid waste声级计sound level meter消声室anechoic room; anechoic chamber; dead room 混响室reverberation room隔声sound insulation吸声muffler环境医学环境卫生学environmental hygiene环境毒理学environmental toxicology口蹄疫foot-and-mouth disease流行病学epidemiology地方病endemic disease氟斑牙dental fluorosis职业病occupational disease慢性毒性chronic toxicity急性毒性acute toxicity致癌物carcinogen变异variation病原体pathogen抗体antibody抗原antigen突变mutation病毒virus蓄积器官storage organ致突变作用mutagenesis致畸作用teratogenesis致癌作用carcinogensis摄入量intake dose吸收量absorbed dose卫生标准health standard最高容许浓度maximum permissible concentration 致死量lethal dose半致死浓度median lethal concentration(LD50)剂量-反应关系dose-response relationship恶臭offensive odor协同作用synergism拮抗作用antagonism因果关系cause-effect relationship相关关系correlation阈限值threshold limit value(TLV)高危人群population at high risk易感人群susceptible populatio环境管理学环境管理学environmental management science环境伦理学environmental ethics环境质量管理management of environmental quality 环境适宜度environmental suitability环境区划environmental zoning环境预测environmental forecasting环境质量评价environmental quality evaluation环境影响评价environmental impact assessment环境规划environmental planning环境决策分析environmental decision analysis总量控制total discharge control of pollutant浓度控制concentration control排污收费effluent charge排污申报登记declaration and registration of pollutant discharge排污许可证permit for pollutant discharge生物安全biosafety环境监察environmental supervision and management环境宣传教育environmental propaganda and education环境意识environmental consciousness环境质量报告书report on environmental quality环境影响评价报告书report on environmental impact assessment公众意见听证会public hearing循环经济cyclic economy全面现划、合理布局原则principle of overall planning and rational layout 谁污染谁治理polluter-treats谁开发谁保护explorer-protects协调发展原则principle of coordinated development国家环境保护模范城市national environmental protection model city全国生态示范区national ecological demonstration area环境信息environmental information环境管理信息系统information system for environmental management 环境专家系统environmental expert system环境监测environment monitoring环境标志environmental label清洁生产cleaner production环境审计environmental audit产品生命周期life cycle of product环境法学环境法学science of environmental law环境保护法environmental protection law公害法public nuisance law环境行政法规administrative regulations of environment环境部门规章departmental rules of environment污染物排放标准pollutant discharge standard“三同时”制度three simultaneity system排污审报登记制度declaration and registration system of pollution discharge 排污许可证制度permit system of pollutant discharge排污收费制度system of effluent限期治理制度system of eliminating and controlling environmental pollution within a prescribed time现场检查制度system of on-site inspection环境污染事故报告制度system of environmental pollution accident reporting《中华人民共和国环境保护法》Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China《中华人民共和国水污染防治法》law of the People’s Republic of China on prevention and control of water pollution《中华人民共和国大气污染防治法》law of the People’s Republic of China on prevention and control of atmospheric pollution《中华人民共和国环境噪声污染防治法》law of the People’s R epublic of China on prevention and control of pollution from environmental noise《中华人民共和国固体废物污染环境法》law of the People’s Republic of China on prevention and control of environmental pollution by solid waste《中华人民共和国海洋环境保护法》marine environment protection law of the People’s Republic of China《全国生态环境建设规划》national eco-environmental construction plan地表水环境质量标准environmental quality standard for surface water地下水质量标准quality standard for ground water农业灌溉水质标准standard for irrigation water quality污水综合排放标准integrated wastewater discharge standard大气污染物综合排放标准integrated emission standard of air pollutants环境经济学循环经济模式circular economy type牧童经济the shepherd economy3R原则the rules of 3R(reducing, reusing, recycling)生态经济学eco-economics外部经济性external economics外部不经济性external diseconomics外部成本external cost边际效用marginal utility边际收益marginal benefit粗放经营extensive management集约经营intensive management自然资本natural capital公平equity绿色国民帐户green national account可持续发展sustainable development公共物品public goods环境保护贸易政策trade policy for environmental protection 绿色壁垒green tariff barrier国民生产总值gross national production(GNP)国民生产净值net national production(NNP)环境污染弹性系数environmental pollution elasticity回收率reuse rate物质平衡material balance物料衡算material balance counting影子价格shadow price现行价格present price贴现discount机会成本opportunity cost运行费用operation cost城市气化率urban population ratio of used gas城市绿化覆盖率urban green cover ratio环境效益environmental benefit成本效益分析cost and benefit analysis环境费用environmental cost排污权交易marketable pollution permits生态足迹the ecological footprint环境税environmental tax资源资产assets of resource资源产权property right of resource最低安全标准minimum standard of security代际公平equality between generation末端控制terminal control公地的悲剧tragedy of the public pasture中间产品intermediate product最终产品final product直接污染物产生/排放系数direct pollutant generation/discharge coefficient累积污染物产生/排放系数cumulate pollutant generation/discharge coefficient排污收费charge from discharge pollutant污染者负担原则polluter pay principle资源税resource tax人口出生率population birth rate人口死亡率population mortality rate人口自然增长率population nature growth rate人口计划生育率population planning fertility rate平均寿命average life人口年龄金字塔population age pyramid人口老化population aging人口过剩over-population人口爆炸population explosion计划生育family planning人口统计population statistics人口普查population census环境教育环境教育目标objectives of environmental education多学科环境教育课程模式multi-disciplinary model of environmental education 跨学科环境教育模式inter-disciplinary model of environmental education中学环境教育大纲environmental education standard for secondary school环境教育活动的设计design of environmental education activity野外环境教育基地environmental education field base公众参与public participation环境意识environmental awareness中国中小学绿色教育行动environmental educators initiative of china。
环评工程师知识点速记技巧
环评工程师知识点速记技巧环境评估(Environmental Assessment,简称EA)工程师是负责对项目的环境影响进行评估与管理的专业人士。
他们需要掌握大量的环境科学知识,并且需要能够迅速有效地记住和应用这些知识。
本文将介绍一些环评工程师常用的知识点速记技巧,帮助他们更好地学习和应用环境科学知识。
一、常用的速记符号环评工程师在学习和工作中需要处理大量的信息,为了方便记忆和应用,他们通常会使用一些速记符号。
下面是环评工程师常用的几个速记符号:1. ≈:表示“大约”、“约等于”,可用于估算数值;2. ∝:表示“正比于”,用于表示两个变量之间的正比关系;3. ≠ :表示“不等于”,用于表示两个变量之间的不等关系;4. ↑:表示“增加”、“增长”;5. ↓:表示“减少”、“下降”;6. ○:表示“环评法规”;7. ✪:表示“环境标准”;8. △:表示“环境影响评价(EIA)”;9. Σ:表示“求和”,可用于表示多个变量之和;通过使用这些速记符号,环评工程师可以在记忆和应用环境科学知识时更加高效和准确。
二、记忆系统除了使用速记符号外,环评工程师还可以借助记忆系统来帮助记忆环境科学知识。
记忆系统是一种将信息与已有的知识关联起来的方法,可以帮助环评工程师更好地记忆和理解环境科学知识。
1. 分类记忆法:将相似的环境科学知识进行分类,可以帮助环评工程师更好地理解和记忆。
例如,可以将环境影响评价中的影响因素分为自然因素、人为因素等进行分类。
2. 关联记忆法:将新的环境科学知识与已有的知识进行关联,可以帮助环评工程师更好地记忆和理解。
例如,可以将环境影响评价与环保政策进行关联,帮助记忆和理解相关内容。
3. 图像记忆法:将环境科学知识转化为图像,并与具体场景进行关联,可以帮助环评工程师更好地记忆和复习。
例如,可以将不同的环境污染物绘制成图表,并与具体的污染场景进行关联,帮助记忆和识别不同的污染物。
通过使用记忆系统,环评工程师可以更加高效地学习和应用环境科学知识,提高工作效率。
环境科学与工程-专业英语词汇必备(免费)
环境科学与工程专业词汇包括环境学总论、环境地学、环境生物学、环境化学、环境物理学、环境工程学、环境医学、环境经济学、环境管理学、环境法学、环境教育等11大类。
环境学总论原生环境primary environment 可更新资源renewable resources次生环境secondary environment 不可更新资源non-renewable resources生态示范区ecological demonstrate area 自然保护区natural reserve area环境地质学environmental geology 防护林protection forest环境地球化学environmental geo-chemistry 公害public nuisance环境土壤学environmental soil science 矿山公害mining nuisance环境微生物学environmental microbiology 工业废水industrial waste water环境危机environmental crisis 矿山废水mining drainage环境保护environmental protection 生活饮用水domestic potable water环境预测environmental forecasting 草原退化grassland degeneration环境自净environmental self-purification 沙漠化desertification环境效应environmental effect 人口压力population pressure环境容量environmental capacity 人口净增率rate of population环境演化evolution of environment 全球环境监测系统global environment 环境舒适度environmental comfortmonitoring system GEMS环境背景值(本底值)environmental 中国环境保护工作方针Chinese policy for background value environment protection环境保护产业(环保产业)environmental “三同时”原则principle of “the three at the production industry same time”环境壁垒(绿色壁垒)environmental barrier 二噁英公害dioxine nuisance绿色革命green revolution 马斯河谷烟雾事件disaster in Meuse Valley 可持续发展sustainable development 多诺拉烟雾事件disaster in Donora第三类环境问题(社会环境问题)the third 伦敦烟雾事件disaster in London水俣病事件minamata disease incident environmental problem悬浮物suspended solids 骨痛病事件itai-itai disaster incident一次污染物primary pollutant 洛杉矶光化学烟雾事件Los Angeles 二次污染物secondary pollutantphotochemical smog episode全球性污染global pollution 四日市哮喘事件Yokkaichi asthma episode排污收费pollution charge 米糠油事件Yusho disease incident环境地学水圈hydrosphere 最低水位lowest water level水循环water circulation 平均水位average water level地面水(地表水)surface water 警戒水位warning water level水位water level 流速flow velocity下渗(入渗)sinking 流量discharge蒸发evaporation 洪水期flood season最高水位highest water level 枯水期low-water season冲刷washout 隔水层(不透水层)aquiclude含水层aquifer 透水层permeable stratum层间水interlayer water 河道整治channel improvement承压水(有压层间水)confined water 或水污染毒性生物评价biological assessment of 自流水artesian waterwater pollution toxic ity孔隙水void water 水利工程hydro-engineering岩溶水(喀斯特水)karst water 水体自净self-purification of water body径流runoff flow 水环境保护功能区(水质功能区)functional 地表径流runoffdistrict of water environment地下水ground water 土地处理系统land treatment system流域保护water basin protection 土地沙漠化land desertification淡水fresh water 土壤肥力soil fertility咸水saltwater 土壤酸碱度soil acidity and alkalinity降水precipitation 沉淀土壤污染防治prevention and treatment of soil 降水量amount of precipitationpollution降水强度intensity of precipitation 土壤盐渍化(土壤盐碱化)soil salination水环境容量carrying capacity of water 土壤酸化soil acidification母质(土壤母质或成土母质)parent material environment水土流失(土壤侵蚀)soil and water loss 土壤剖面soil profile点源污染point source pollution 腐殖质化humification面源污染non-point source pollution 淋溶作用leaching扩散diffusion 土壤改良soil improvement涡流eddy current 土壤粒级soil separate涡流扩散eddy diffusion 土壤质地soil texture富营养化废水eutrophic waste-water 缓冲作用buffering/buffer action污水sewage 缓冲剂buffering agent/buffer漫灌flood irritation 缓冲容量buffer capacity水底沉积物(底质或底泥)benthal deposit 盐基饱和度base saturation percentage总固体total solids 灌溉irrigation悬浮固体suspended solids 富里酸fuvic acid总溶解固体total dissolved solids 胡敏素humin河流复氧常数constant of river reoxygenation 土壤团聚体soil aggregate湖泊酸化lake acidification 土壤退化(土壤贫瘠化)soil degeneration富营养化eutrophication 土壤地带性soil zonality富营养湖eutrophic lake 污水灌溉wastewater irrigation中营养湖mesotrophic lake 臭氧层ozone layer贫营养湖oligotrophic lake 降水precipitation水库reservoir 降水量rainfall海洋处置sea disposal 降水强度precipitation intensity海底采样sea floor sample 大气环境容量atmospheric environmental 赤潮(红潮)red tidecapacity海水淡化desalination of seawater 事后评价afterwards assessment海底沉积物sea bottom sediment 烟尘消除elimination of smoke and dust海洋倾倒ocean dumping 温室效应greenhouse effect水质water quality 大气扩散atmospheric diffusion水资源综合利用water resource integrated 烟羽(烟流或羽流)plume逆温inversion utilization水土保持soil and water conservation环境生物学生境habitat 慢性毒性实验chronic toxicity test耐受极限limits of tolerance 预备实验screening test; range-finding test; 最小因子定律law of minimumpreliminary test生物检测bioassay 稀释dilution环境胁迫environmental stress 归宿fate生物多样性bio-diversity 生物积累bioaccumulation生态位niche 生物浓缩bioconcentration生命周期life cycle 生物放大biomagnification生态型ecotype 生物降解biological degradation; 自养生物autotrophybiodegradation异养生物heterotroph 生物营养物质biotic nutrient指数增长exponential growth 多污生物带polysaprobic zone互利共生mutualism 中污生物带mesosaprobic zone偏利共生commensalisms 寡污生物带oligosaprobic zone寄生parasitism 敏感种sensitive species; intolerant organism 衍生物derivative 耐污种tolerant species杀虫剂insecticide 生物滤池biological filter杀菌剂fungicide 净化塘/氧化塘/生物塘purification pond除草剂herbicide 生物膜biomembrane; biological film防腐剂preservative 轮作crop rotation杀鼠剂rodenticide 间作intercropping无残留农药non-persistent pesticide 套种interplanting植物性农药phytopesticide 基塘模式farm land and fish pond model污水灌溉sewage irrigation 防护林带shelter belt世界自然历史遗产保护地world natural and 沼气marsh gas农家肥farm manure historical heritage site储量stock 堆肥piled manure过度捕获over-hunting; over-fishing 城市热岛效应urban heat island effect猎(渔)期open season 城市生态规划urban ecological planning农业残渣agricultural dregs 环境激素endocrine disrupting chemicals; 赤潮red tideendocrine disruptors藻花algae bloom/水花water bloom 边缘效应edge effect原生污染物primary pollutant 生态恢复ecological restoration次生污染物secondary pollutant 恢复生态学restoration ecological急性毒性实验acute toxicity test环境化学甲基汞methyl mercury 植物生长调节剂growth regulator镉米cadmium rice 化学致癌物chemical carcinogen农药残留pesticide residue 表面活性剂surfactant有机氯农药organochlorine pesticide 多氯联苯类polychlorinated biphenyls;PCBs有机磷农药organophosphorous pesticide 多环芳烃类polyaromtic hydrocarbon; PAH氨基甲酸酯杀虫剂carbamate insecticide 催化(催化作用)catalysis拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂pyrethroid insecticide 臭氧化ozonization光化学氧化剂photochemical oxidant 反渗透膜reverse osmosis membrane过氧乙酰硝酸酯peroxyacetyl nitrate ;PAN 硅胶silica gel干沉降dry deposition 蒸汽蒸馏steam distillation湿沉降wet deposition 超滤膜ultrafilter membrane光化学烟雾photochemical smog 灵敏度sensitivity大气光化学atmospheric photochemistry 准确度accuracy降水化学precipitation chemistry 精密度precision气溶胶化学aerosol chemistry 可靠性reliability悬浮颗粒物suspended particulate 检测限detection limit总悬浮颗粒物total suspended 相对误差relative error绝对误差absolute error particulates(TSP)飘尘(可吸入颗粒物或可吸入尘)airborne 偶然误差accidental error平均偏差mean deviation particle降尘(落尘)dustfall;falling dust 采样误差sampling error气溶胶aerosol 标准溶液standard solution水质water quality 标准物质standard substance盐度salinity 允许误差allowable error氧化还原电位oxidation-reduction potential ;允许浓度allowable concentration微量分析microanalysis redox potential溶解氧dissolved oxygen 痕量分析trace analysis化学需氧量chemical oxygen demand 现场分析in-situ analysis生化需氧量biochemical oxygen demand 仪器分析instrumental analysis总有机碳total organic carbon 水质分析water quality analysis溶解度solubility 比色分析colorimetric analysis聚集aggregation 沉降分析sedimentation analysis 絮凝flocculation 自动分析automatic analysis凝聚coagulation 原子吸收分光光度法atomic absorption 离子交换ion exchangespectrophotometry萃取extraction 原子吸收分光光度计atomic absorption 缓冲溶液buffer solutionspectrophotometer氧平衡模式(氧垂曲线)oxygen balance 原子荧光光谱法atomic fluorescencemodel spectrometry吸收剂(吸附剂)absorbent 原子荧光光谱仪atomic fluorescence 活性炭active carbonspectrometer氧化剂oxidant 电化学分析法electrochemical method还原剂reductant 高效液相色谱法high performance liquid 胶团micellechromatography胶体溶液colloidal solution 高效液相色谱仪high performance liquid 脱硫剂desulfurization agentchromatograph电渗析electrodialysis 气相色谱分析gas chromatography萃取剂extracting agent 气相色谱仪gas chromatograph过滤filter 采样器sampler絮凝剂flocculant ;flocculating agent 大气采样器air sampler无机絮凝剂inorganic flocculant 底泥采样器sediment sampler有机高分子絮凝剂organic polymer flocculant pH 计pH meter中和法neutralization 湿度计hygrometer固定大气污染源stationary sources of air 浊度计turbidimeter实验室质量控制laboratory quality conrol pollution移动大气污染源mobile sources of air 空白实验值blank value平行样duplicate samples pollution固定式水污染源stationary sources of water 再现性(重现性)reproducibility重复性repeatability pollution移动式水污染源mobile sources of water 回收率recovery rate检出限detection limit pollution污染负荷pollution load 冷原子吸收法cold-vapor atomic absorption 污染源调查survey of pollution sourcesmethod无污染工艺pollution-free technology 紫外吸收光谱法ultraviolet absorption 无污染装置pollution-free installationspectrophotometry污染物总量控制total amount control of 重量分析gravimetric analysis内标法internal marker method pollution水质参数water quality parameter 定性分析qualitative analysis水温water temperature 定量分析quantitive analysis色度color index 试样前处理pre-treatment透明度transparency 均值mean value混浊度turbidity 标准差standard error硬度hardness 方差variation感官污染指标sensuous pollution index 回归分析regression analysis毒理学污染指标physical pollution index 相关分析correlation analysis化学污染指标chemical pollution index 相关系数correlation coefficient细菌学污染指标bacteriological pollution 系统误差systematic error随机误差random error index毒理学污染指标toxicological pollution index 有效数字valid figure城市污水municipal sewage 农药残留分析pesticide residue analysis生活污水domestic sewage 排污收费effluent charge工业废水industrial wastewater 室内空气污染indoor air pollution常规分析指标index of routine analysis 水体自净self-purification of water body环境监测environmental monitoring 水土保持soil and water conservation过程监测course monitoring 水土流失soil erosion污染物排放标准pollution discharge standard 土壤修复soil-remediation总量排放标准total amount of pollution 生物修复bioremediation光降解photodegradation discharge standard优先监测priority monitoring 温室气体greenhouse gases环境优先污染物environmental priority 总量收费total quantity charge超临界流体supercritical fluid pollutant总固体total solids 土壤采样soil pollution可吸入微粒(可吸入尘和飘尘)inhale particles环境物理学光辐射(光)visible radiation 光污染light pollution红外线infrared ray 噪声污染noise pollution紫外线ultraviolet ray 混响reverberation灭菌灯bactericidal lamp 听力损失hearing loss绝对湿度absolute humidity 热辐射thermal radiation相对湿度relative humidity 比热specific heat饱和度saturation ratio 空气调节air conditioning冷凝condensation 通风ventilation露点温度dew point temperature环境工程学环境污染综合防治integrated prevention and 脱硫desulfurization除尘效率particle collection efficiency control of pollution环境功能区划environmental function zoning 分割粒径cut diameter for particles稀释比dilution ratio 压力损失(压力降)pressure drop迁移transfer 机械除尘器mechanical collector紊流扩散turbulent diffusion 重力沉降室gravity settling chamber氧亏(亏氧量)oxygen deficit 惯性除尘器inertial dust separator复氧reaeration 旋风除尘器cyclone collector溶解氧下垂曲线dissolved-oxygen sag curve 回流式旋风除尘器reverse-flow cyclone 饱和溶解氧saturated dissolvedcollector无污染燃料pollution-free fuel 直流旋风除尘器straight-through cyclone 燃烧combustioncollector空气-燃料比air-to-fuel ratio 多管旋风除尘器multiple cyclone collector烟气分析analysis of flue gas 过滤除尘器filter煤的综合利用comprehensive utilization of 袋式除尘器bag house滤料filtration media coal气布比air-to-cloth ratio 电晕放电corona discharge机械振动清灰袋式除尘器bag house with 驱进速度drift velocity集尘极collecting electrode shake cleaning逆气流清灰袋式除尘器bag house with 板间距distance between collecting electrodes 电极清灰removal of collected particle from reverse-flow cleaning脉冲喷吹清灰袋式除尘器bag house withelectrodes宽间距静电除尘器wide space electrostatic pulse-jet cleaning静电除尘electrostatic precipitator (ESP)precipitator高压脉冲静电除尘器pulse charging 双区静电除尘器(两段式电除尘器)two-stage electrostatic precipitator electrostatic precipitator湿式静电除尘器wet electrostatic precipitator 湿式除尘器wet collector of particulates重力喷雾洗涤器gravitational spray scrubber 烟气脱硫flue gas desulfurization (FGD)旋风洗涤器centrifugal scrubber 湿法脱硫wet process of FGD中心喷雾旋风洗涤器]cyclone spray scrubber 石灰-石灰石法脱硫desulfurization by lime 泡沫洗涤塔foam tower scrubberand limestone填料床洗涤器packed bed scrubber 氨吸收法脱硫ammonia process of FGD文丘里洗涤器venturi scrubber 干法脱硫dry process FGD双膜理论two-film theory 吸收法控制氮氧化物control of NO x by 气膜控制gas film controlabsorption液膜控制liquid film control 水吸收法脱氮control of NO x by absorption 穿透曲线break through curveprocess with water催化剂catalyst 酸吸收法脱氮control of NO x by absorption 催化剂中毒poisoning of catalystprocess with acid碱吸收法脱氮control of NO x by absorptionemmission清洁生产cleaner production process with alkali吸附法控制氮氧化物control of NO x by 矿山废水mining drainage电镀废水electroplating wastewater adsorption分子筛吸附法脱氮control of NO x by 给水处理厂water treatment plant污水处理厂wastewater treatment adsorption process with molecular sieve硅胶吸附法脱氮control of NO x by adsorption 给水(污水)处理构筑物water (sewage)process with silica gel treatment structure气体生物净化biotreatment of gaseous 污水集水井swage joining well废水调节池wastewater flow equalization pollutant生物过滤器biofilterbasin汽车尾气污染pollution of automobile exhaust 格栅grill筛网grid screen gal生物脱臭biotreatment of oder 沉砂池grit settling tank集气罩capture hood 曝气沉砂池aeration grit settling tank烟囱有效排放高度effective height of 平流式沉砂池horizontal grit settling tank立式圆形沉砂池vertical circular grit settling 浓缩式沉淀池thickening settling tank斜板(斜管)沉淀池sloping plank(pipe)settling tank圆形周边运动沉砂池circular perimeter flowtank辐流式沉淀池radial settling tank grit settling tank重力排砂grit discharge by gravity 平流式沉淀池horizontal settling tank水力提升排砂grit discharge with hydraulic 竖流式沉淀池vertical settling tank悬浮污泥澄清池suspended sludge clarifier elevator水力旋流器hydraulic cyclone 脉冲澄清池pulse clarifier沉淀池settling tank 水力循环澄清池hydraulic circulating clarifier重力沉淀池gravity settling tank竖流折板絮凝池vertical table flap 颗粒自由沉降particle free sediment絮凝沉降flocculation sedimentation flocculating tank机械搅拌絮凝池mechanical mixing 拥挤沉降hindered sedimentation气浮池floatation basin flocculating tank加压溶气气浮法pressure dissolved-air 微电解法micro electroanalysisfloatation过滤池filter 微滤机microstrainer重力过滤法gravity filtration process 滤池冲洗强度backwashing intensity of filter压力过滤法pressure filtration process 滤层filter material layer真空过滤法vacuum filtration process 滤料承托层holding layer for filter material快滤池rapid filtration 斜板隔油沉淀池oil trap with slope plank慢滤池slow filtration 冷却塔cooling tower接触滤池contact filter 湿式氧化法wet oxidation process双向滤池bidirectional filter 反应池reaction basin双层滤料滤池double layer filter 叶轮搅拌器turbine mixer无阀滤池non-valve filter 膜分离法membrane separation method虹吸滤池siphon filter 半渗透膜semi-permeable membrane压力滤池pressure filter 电渗析electrodialysisV 型滤池aquazur V-filter 反渗透reverse osmosis砂滤sand filtration 离子交换膜ion exchange membrane萃取extraction 废水好氧/ 厌氧处理biological 汽提strippingaerobic/anaerobic treatment of wastewater吹脱法blow-off method 微生物内源代谢microorganism intrinsic 臭氧氧化法ozonationmetabolism臭氧发生器ozonator 微生物合成代谢microorganism synthetic 磁分离法magnetic isolation methodmetabolism光催化氧化optical catalysis oxidation 基质分解代谢substrate degradation 软化水处理softening water treatmentmetabolism石灰-纯碱软化法lime-sodium carbonate 活性污泥法activated sludge process回流污泥return sludge softening method剩余污泥surplus sludge 曝气池aeration初次沉淀池primary sedimentation basin 推流式曝气池plug-flow aeration basin完全混合曝气池completely mixed aeration 普通活性污泥法conventional activatedbasin sludge process二次沉淀池secondary sedimentation basin 分段曝气法step aeration method污泥沉降比sludge settling ratio 延时曝气法extended aeration method污泥容积指数sludge velum index 加速曝气法accelerant aeration method污泥负荷volume loading 深井曝气法deep well aeration method纯氧曝气法oxygen aeration method 鼓风曝气装置blast aerator扩散曝气设备diffusion aerator 射流曝气设备efflux aerator机械曝气装置mechanical aerator 表面曝气装置surface aerator曝气时间aeration time 氧化塘oxidation pond污泥龄sludge age 好氧塘aerobic pond活性污泥培养activated sludge culture 兼性塘facultative pond活性污泥驯化domestication of activated 厌氧塘anaerobic pond曝气氧化塘aerated oxidation pond sludge粉末炭活性炭法powdered carbon activatedICEAS intermittent cyclic extended aerationsludge process system 间歇循环延时曝气活性污泥法污泥膨胀sludge bulking DA T-IA T 工艺demand aeration 生物滤池biological filter tankintermittent aeration tank system(需氧池高负荷生物滤池high-loading biological filter -间歇池)水力负荷hydraulic loading A1/O 工艺anoxic/ oxic有机负荷organic loading A2/O 工艺anaerobic oxic塔式生物滤池tower biological filer Phostrip 工艺phostriop process生物转盘biological rotating disc Bardenpho 工艺Bardenpho process生物流化床biological fluidized bed Phoredox 工艺Phoredox process活性生物滤池activated biofilter UCT 工艺university of cape town化粪池septic tank VIP 工艺Virginia initiative plant污水硝化脱氮处理nitrogen removal from 厌氧生物滤池(AF)anaerobic filter厌氧接触法anaerobic contact process wastewater by nitrification污水反硝化脱氮处理nitrogen removal from 厌氧生物转盘anaerobic biological rotatingwastewater by denitrification disc污水硝化—反硝化脱氮处理nitrogen 两相厌氧消化two-phase anaerobic digest序批式间歇反应器series batch reactor removal from wastewater by氧化沟oxidation ditch nitridenitrification土地处理系统land treatment system 上流式厌氧污泥床upflow anaerobic sludge污泥浓缩池sludge thickener blanket污泥消化池sludge digestion tank MSBR modified sequencing batch reactor消毒disinfection 污泥产气率gas production rate of sludge灭菌sterilization 污泥干化场sludge drying bed加氯机chlorinator 固体废物solid wastes氯化消毒chlorization disinfection 城市生活垃圾municipal solid wastes漂白粉消毒disinfection by bleaching powder 城市生活垃圾堆放处置法dumping of 紫外线消毒disinfection with ultraviolet raysmunicipal solid wastes加氯消毒disinfection by chlorine 城市生活垃圾卫生填埋法sanitary landfilling 液氯liquified chlorine gasof municipal solid wastes需氯量chlorine demand 城市生活垃圾焚烧法incineration of 余氯chlorine residualmunicipal solid wastes游离性余氯free chlorine residual 城市生活垃圾分类sorting of municipal solid 化合性余氯combined chlorine residualwastes折点加氯chlorination breakpoint 城市生活垃圾收集collection of municipal 过氧化氢消毒disinfection by hydrogensolid wastes垃圾收费refuse taxing peroxide除味taste removal 废电池used battery除臭odor removal 有毒有害工业固体废物toxic industrial 脱色decolorationwastes生污泥undigested sludge 医疗废物health care wastes熟污泥digested sludge 堆肥composting污泥处置disposal of sludge 填埋场landfill污泥综合利用comprehensive utilization of 渗滤液leachate treatment焚烧炉incineration furnaces sludge真空过滤法vacuum flotation process 助燃空气系统air injection system污泥浓缩sludge thickening 余热利用heat utilization污泥消化sludge digestion 焚烧灰渣ash污泥脱水sludge dewatering 水泥固化技术cement solidification污泥干化sludge drying 石灰固化lime solidification污泥焚烧sludge incineration 沥青固化技术asphalt solidification真空过滤机脱水dewatering by vacuum filter 固体废物预处理preliminary treatment of 板框压滤机脱水dewatering by plate framesolid wastes破碎crushing of solid wastes press filter辊轧式脱水机脱水dewatering by roll press 筛分screening of solid wastes带式压滤机脱水dewatering by belt press 风力分选wind separation放射性固体废物radioactive solid waste filter离心式脱水机脱水dewatering by centrifuge 声级计sound level meter中温消化处理middle temperature digestive 消声室anechoic room; anechoic chamber;treatment dead room高温消化处理high temperature digestive 混响室reverberation room隔声sound insulation treatment污泥堆肥发酵处理sludge composting and 吸声mufflerfermentation环境医学环境卫生学environmental hygiene 致畸作用teratogenesis环境毒理学environmental toxicology 致癌作用carcinogensis口蹄疫foot-and-mouth disease 摄入量intake dose流行病学epidemiology 吸收量absorbed dose地方病endemic disease 卫生标准health standard氟斑牙dental fluorosis 最高容许浓度maximum permissible 职业病occupational diseaseconcentration慢性毒性chronic toxicity 致死量lethal dose急性毒性acute toxicity 半致死浓度median lethal concentration(LD 50) 致癌物carcinogen 剂量-反应关系dose-response relationship变异variation 恶臭offensive odor病原体pathogen 协同作用synergism抗体antibody 拮抗作用antagonism抗原antigen 因果关系cause-effect relationship突变mutation 相关关系correlation病毒virus 阈限值threshold limit value(TLV)蓄积器官storage organ 高危人群population at high risk致突变作用mutagenesis 易感人群susceptible populatio环境管理学环境管理学environmental management 环境质量报告书report on environmental science quality环境伦理学environmental ethics 环境影响评价报告书report on environmental 环境质量管理management of environmentalimpact assessment公众意见听证会public hearing quality环境适宜度environmental suitability 循环经济cyclic economy环境区划environmental zoning 预防为主、防治结合、综合治理原则principle 环境预测environmental forecastingof giving priority to pollution prevention, 环境质量评价environmental qualitycombining prevention and control, and evaluation integrated control环境影响评价environmental impact 全面现划、合理布局原则principle of overallassessment planning and rational layout环境规划environmental planning 谁污染谁治理polluter-treats环境决策分析environmental decision analysis 综合利用、化害为利原则principle of 总量控制total discharge control of pollutantcomprehensive utilization and turning harm 浓度控制concentration controlinto good排污收费effluent charge 谁开发谁保护explorer-protects排污申报登记declaration and registration of 协调发展原则principle of coordinated pollutant discharge development排污许可证permit for pollutant discharge 国家环境保护模范城市national 生物安全biosafetyenvironmental protection model city环境监察environmental supervision and 全国生态示范区national ecologicalmanagement demonstration area环境宣传教育environmental propaganda and 环境信息environmental information环境管理信息系统information system for education环境意识environmental consciousnessenvironmental management环境专家系统environmental expert system 清洁生产cleaner production环境监测environment monitoring 环境审计environmental audit环境标志environmental label 产品生命周期life cycle of product环境法学环境法学science of environmental lawthe People’s Republic of China on prevention 环境保护法environmental protection lawand control of atmospheric pollution公害法public nuisance law 《中华人民共和国环境噪声污染防治法》law 环境行政法规administrative regulations ofof the People’s Republic of China on environment prevention and control of pollution from 环境部门规章departmental rules ofenvironmental noise《中华人民共和国固体废物污染环境法》law environment污染物排放标准pollutant discharge standardof the People’s Republic of China on “三同时”制度three simultaneity systemprevention and control of environmental 排污审报登记制度declaration andpollution by solid waste《中华人民共和国海洋环境保护法》marine registration system of pollution discharge排污许可证制度permit system of pollutantenvironment protection law of the People’s discharge Republic of China排污收费制度system of effluent 《全国生态环境建设规划》national 限期治理制度system of eliminating andeco-environmental construction plan《全国生态环境保护纲要》national controlling environmental pollution within a prescribed time compendium on eco-environmental protection现场检查制度system of on-site inspection 地表水环境质量标准environmental quality 环境污染事故报告制度system ofstandard for surface water地下水质量标准quality standard for ground environmental pollution accident reporting《中华人民共和国环境保护法》water农业灌溉水质标准standard for irrigation Environmental Protection Law of the People ’sRepublic of China water quality《中华人民共和国水污染防治法》law of the 污水综合排放标准integrated wastewater People’s Republic of China on prevention and discharge standard大气污染物综合排放标准integrated emission control of water pollution《中华人民共和国大气污染防治法》law ofstandard of air pollutants环境经济学循环经济模式circular economy type 集约经营intensive management牧童经济the shepherd economy 自然资本natural capital3R 原则the rules of 3R(reducing, reusing, 公平equity代际补偿compensation between generations recycling)生态经济学eco-economics 绿色国民帐户green national account共有资源common resources 可持续发展sustainable development外部经济性external economics 公共物品public goods外部不经济性external diseconomics 环境保护贸易政策trade policy for外部成本external costenvironmental protection边际效用marginal utility 绿色壁垒green tariff barrier边际收益marginal benefit 国民生产总值gross national production(GNP) 粗放经营extensive management 国民生产净值net national production(NNP)国民收入national income 公地的悲剧tragedy of the public pasture环境污染弹性系数environmental pollution 中间产品intermediate product最终产品final product elasticity回收率reuse rate 直接污染物产生/排放系数direct pollutant 物质平衡material balancegeneration/discharge coefficient物料衡算material balance counting 累积污染物产生/排放系数cumulate pollutant 影子价格shadow pricegeneration/discharge coefficient现行价格present price 排污收费charge from discharge pollutant贴现discount 污染者负担原则polluter pay principle机会成本opportunity cost 资源税resource tax运行费用operation cost 人口出生率population birth rate城市气化率urban population ratio of used gas 人口死亡率population mortality rate城市绿化覆盖率urban green cover ratio 人口自然增长率population nature growth 环境效益environmental benefitrate成本效益分析cost and benefit analysis 人口计划生育率population planning fertility 环境费用environmental costrate排污权交易marketable pollution permits 平均寿命average life生态足迹the ecological footprint 人口年龄金字塔population age pyramid环境税environmental tax 人口老化population aging资源资产assets of resource 人口过剩over-population资源产权property right of resource 人口爆炸population explosion最低安全标准minimum standard of security 计划生育family planning代际公平equality between generation 人口统计population statistics末端控制terminal control 人口普查population census环境教育环境教育目标objectives of environmental education多学科环境教育课程模式multi-disciplinary model of environmental education跨学科环境教育模式inter-disciplinary model of environmental education中学环境教育大纲environmental education standard for secondary school环境教育活动的设计design of environmental education activity野外环境教育基地environmental education field base公众参与public participation环境意识environmental awareness中国中小学绿色教育行动environmental educators initiative of china。
环境词汇表
环境工程词汇安全阀safetyva1ve安全浮箱emergencyf1oatingcaisson安全闸emergencybu1khead板条式输送机s1atconveyor半反应ha1freaction半封闭水体semi-enc1osedwaterbody半水化物semi-hydrate半污水生物mesosaprobia饱和浓度saturationconcentration饱和溶解氧saturateddisso1vedoxygen保存性污染物conservativepo11utants保护格栅protectingrack 曝气器aerator曝气池aerationbasin曝气滴滤池aeratedtrick1ingfi1ter本底噪声backgroundnoise泵式挖泥机pumpdredger泵送量pumpde1ivery灌水器decanter比容积specificvo1ume比色测氧仪co1orimetricoxygendetector比声计acousticmeter表面力口速曝气acce1eratedsurfaceaeration表面曝气机surfaceaerator表面活性齐(Jinterfacia1activeagentBOD(生化需氧量)Biochemica1OxygenDemand不降解non-degradab1e不溶解物inso1ub1esubstance采滤器s1udgesamp1er初沉池primarysett1ingtank 初澄池pre1iminaryc1arifier初滤池primaryfi1ter除砂设备sande1iminator除油池greaseremova1tank除气器deaerator除氧器deaerator除污机c1eanerCOD(化学需氧量)Chemica1OxygenDemand 串联泵pumpsinseries串联质谱仪tandemmassspectrometer残渣量1eve1ofresidue槽桨式搅拌器trough-padd1emixer超声波液位计u1trasonic1eve1meter超声波流量计u1trasonicf1owmeter超声波液位开关u1trasonic1eve1switch沉淀池sedimentationtank沉淀滴定法vo1umetricprecipitationmethod沉淀(降)物foots,sett1ingmatters沉泥池mudsump沉砂池(箱)gritchamber 沉污池(沉淀池)wetpit沉砂池搅拌器gritchamberagitator沉箱sinkingcaisson废物处理wastedisposa1垃圾焚化装置refuseincinerator垃圾收集refuseco11ection热岛效应heatis1andeffect澄清池c1arificationtank澄清过滤c1arifyingfi1tration澄清器defecator持水当量moistureequiva1ent充水堰wasteweir冲砂闸sands1uice(unders1uice)冲砂闸门f1ushgate(wash-outgate)冲洗池rinsetank 抽水池primingreservoir出水阀out1etva1ve出渣槽s1agnotch吹泄阀(箱)b1ow-offva1ve(tank)垂直闸门堰draw-doorweir纯氧曝气法unoxprocess次漂浮生物hyponeuston次生环境secondaryenvironment粗格栅coarsescreen粗格栅井coarsescreenwe11粗滤池coarsefi1ter催化剂cata1yst萃取溶剂extractiveso1vent存水池dew-pondoi1ywatersewer含油污水separator分离器equa1izationbasin/ho1dingequa1ization平衡水池disso1ved-airf1otation溶气浮选aerated1agoon曝气池sandfi1ters砂粒过滤器eff1uent流出液neutra1izationpond中和池%so1ids固体百分率Part1 storm-waterretention雨水积池primaryc1arifier一次沉降池DO-disso1vedoxygen溶解氧量aeration曝气f1ow流量thickener增稠池secondaryc1arifier二次沉降池pressurefi1ter加压过滤器gravityfi1ter重力过滤器Part2Corrugated-p1ateinterceptor波纹板油水分离器s1udgepit污泥地out1et排出口adjustab1eout1etweir可调出口堰oi1Skimmer撇油器oi1g1obu1es油珠oi11ayer油层adjustab1ein1etweir可调入□堰sediment沉淀物sedimenttrap沉淀物捕集器Batch-sti11systemforrecoveryofwasteso1vents 回收废溶剂的间歇蒸储系统traptodrain疏水排水阀condensate冷凝水e1ectricsteamgenerator电热蒸汽发生器rupturedisk防暴膜packing填料coo1ingtower冷却塔co1d-watermakeup冷去t∣水补充co1d-waterrecyc1epump冷却水循环泵Strippingprocess汽提过程pressfi1ter压滤机vacuumfi1ter真空过滤机centrifuge离心机dewatering脱水residua1ch1orine余氯f1uegas烟气incinerator焚烧炉outfa11流出口s1udgepumpsuctionpipe污泥泵吸入管s1udge-co11ectinghopper集泥斗f1ightscraperchainsprocket舌IJ泥板链轮woodf1ights木制刮板rotatab1eoii1-skimmingpipe可旋转撇油管oi1-retentionbaff1e截油挡板eff1uentweirandwa11废水溢流堰板eff1uentf1ume废水槽fromwastewaterfeedtank来自废水料槽feed-bottomexchanger料液-塔底液换热器condenser 冷凝器decanter倾析器recoveredorganicch1oride回收的有机氯化物1.P.steam低压蒸汽strippedwater汽提工艺水stripper汽提塔Anactivated-s1udgesystem活性污泥系统tob1endingtank混合槽so1idswaste固体废弃物togritremova1移走砂粒wetwe11湿井aerationrecyc1e曝气循环fromaeration来自曝气池secondaryc1arifier二次澄清器secondaryeff1uent二次废水separator分离器hydrocyc1one旋液分离器centrifuge离心机todecantationtank去浅析槽gateva1ve闸阀g1obeva1ve截止阀;球心阀ang1eva1ve角接阀p1ugcock旋塞freeba11va1ve自由式球阀fixedba11va1ve固定式球阀ang1e1iftcheckva1ve角接式升降止逆阀diaphragmva1ve隔膜阀butterf1yva1ve蝶阀ti1ting-diskcheckva1ve斜盘式止逆阀专业辱用桐汇表A/O-anoxicandaerobicoxidation厌氧/好氧氧化AAS一atomicabsorptionspectrophotometry原子吸收光谱abiotic 非生物的ABS一a1ky1benzenesu1fonate 烷基苯磺酸abscissa 横坐标absorbance吸光度absorbate 被吸收的物质absorbent 吸收剂absorption吸收作用accessory 附件acc1imation 驯化accumu1ator 蓄电池acet- 乙酰,次乙基acetamide 乙酰胺acetate乙酸盐aceteny1 乙快基acetone丙酮acety1ene乙快acidimetry 酸量滴定法acry1ic 丙烯酸的activatedadsorption 活性吸附activateda1umina 活性氧化铝activatedcarbon活性碳activateds1udgeaeration活性污泥曝气activity活度acy1 酰基additive添加剂adiabatic绝热的adsorbent 吸附剂adsorption吸附作用adsorptionbar 吸附等压线adsorptionisotherm 吸附等温线adverse 不利的有害的,逆的adversecurrent逆流aer(o)- 空气,气体aerate曝气aeration曝气aerobic好氧的aeroge1 气凝胶aerogenicbacteria 产气菌aeroso1气溶胶affinity 亲和力agar琼脂agent试剂airbornedust 飘尘airborne 飞行在空中的,空降的--3.1 醛a1dehyde醛a1ga藻类a1gicide 除藻剂a1iphatic脂肪的a1ka1i碱阀门资料swingcheckva1ve旋启式止逆阀vartica11iftcheckva1ve直立升降式止逆阀wedgegate楔形闸板g1obetypedisc球心形阀盘ba11球体diaphragm隔a1ka1imeta1 碱金属anoxic缺氧的a1kane烷烽antifoamer 防沫剂a1kene烯煌apparatus 仪器a1ky1 烷基appurtenance[9,p91inθns]附属设备,附件a1ky1mercury 烷基汞aquatic 水生的a11y1 烯丙基aquifer蓄水层a1um 硫酸铝aquo- 水合-a1uminumsu1fate 硫酸铝argon 氤ambient周围的,环境的aromatic芳香的amide酰胺ary1 芳香基amine胺asbestos 石棉amino氨基aspha1t 沥青,柏油ammonianitrogen氨氮assay 化验,分析,检定ammonia-sodaprocess 氨碱法assimi1ate 同化ammonium钱(NH4+) atmospheric boundary[aetmθs,ferik]大气边界层amphoteric 两性的atmosphericdispersionmode1 大气扩散模式amy1- 戊基atomizer 雾化器amy1o1ysis 淀粉水解autoc1ave 高压釜amy1opectin 支链淀粉auto-exhaust机动车排气amy1ose 直链淀粉autopurification 自净作用anaerobic厌氧的autotrophic自养anaerobicdigestion 厌氧消化axia1-f1owpump 轴流泵ana1ysisvariance 方差分析azeotrope 共沸混合物ana1yticba1ance分析天平azeotropic 共沸混合物的-ane 烷(饱和)azide 叠氮化合物anhydride 酸酊azo- 偶氮基ani1ine苯胺azo-dye偶氮染料anionic阴离子的azotize 固氮anisotropic 各项异性的annu1ar 环形的Bbackextraction反萃取benzoic安息香酸的,苯甲酸的backup 支持,备用设备benzoxy- 苯甲酸基backwashing 反冲洗benzy1苯甲基baff1e挡板benzene 苯barrack粗格栅bicarbonate 酸式碳酸盐base 碱binary 二元的,二进制的basiccarbonate 碱式碳酸盐bio生物的-batch一次的分量,一批bioactivity生物活性beaker 烧杯bioassay 生物监定bench-sca1e小试的,小型的biochemica1生化的bentonite 膨润土bioconcentration生物富集benzo-苯并的biodegradab1e生物可降解的bio-disksystem 生物转盘break-pointch1orination[dnιri'nei⅛]折点加氯biofi1m生物膜brine盐水,海水bio1ogica1生物学的BTEX-benzene,to1uene,ethy1benzene,xy1enebiomass生物量['t□1jυi:!] [,zai1iιr] biooxidation 生物氧化苯,甲苯,乙苯,二甲苯bioremediation生物法恢复补救buffer缓冲,挡板biosphere生物圈bu1king膨胀biota 生物群bu1kings1udge污泥膨胀biotope 群落生境bumper 缓冲器biouptake生物吸收buret滴定管b1anktest 空白实验but- Tb1ower 鼓风机butane丁烷BOD-biochemica1oxygendemanc I生化需氧量buty1- 丁基boi1er锅炉by-product 副产物breakdown 细目分类Cca1ibrate标定,校准che1ant 螯合剂ca1ome1甘汞电极ch1orination 氯化作用capi11ary毛细管ch1orine['k1n:ri:] 氯capsu1e 容器,密封舱ch1oro 氯一caption 标题,说明ch1orobenzene 氯苯carbohydrate 碳水化合物Ch1orof1uorohydrocarbon氯氟烧carbo1ic(苯)酚的ch1oroform氯仿carbonmono(o)xide 一氧化碳Ca1orop1ast 叶绿体carbonaceous含碳的chromatography[,krθumθ,tυgrθfi]层析,色谱法carbony1默基cinder 煤渣,炉渣carboxy1竣基cis-顺-carboxy1ic竣基的c1arifier澄清池,澄清剂carcinogenic 致癌的c1ausprocess 克劳斯二级脱硫法cata1yst催化剂CMR-combinativemixedreaction完全混合式反应器cationic阳离子的coagu1ation凝结caustic苛性的coa1-tar 煤焦油cavernous 多孔的coating 涂敷,涂布ce1ite 硅藻土cocata1yst 助催化剂ce11u1ar 细胞的cock 考克,旋塞ce11u1ose 纤维素COD-chemica1oxygendemand化学需氧量centertakeoff 中心出水coefficient系数centrifuga1离心的coke 焦炭centrifuge 离心机co1dtrap 冷阱centripeta1向心的co1iform[,kn1ifn:m]大肠杆菌chainreaction链式反应co11aboration 合作,协作char 煤炭co11oida1胶状的charcoa1 木炭co1orimeter比色计comminution 粉碎contamination污染物common-ioneffect同离子效应contour轮廓线comonomer 共聚单体contractor 立约人compartment 部分,隔板,间隔coprecipitate 共沉淀compatibi1ity 兼容性corre1ate 相关competitiveadsorption竞争吸附corrode 腐蚀comp1ex 络合物corrosion腐蚀comp1exation络合作用counter 逆Comp1eximetric 络合滴定的countercurrent 逆流composite 合成物courier 信使compost 堆肥cova1ent共价的concentration浓度cracking 裂解concentrationso1ubi1ityproduct 浓度溶度积creso1甲酚condensation 冷凝criteria 标准conduit导管crucib1e土甘蜗conjugatedacid 共甄酸cryogenic[,kraiθdgenik]低温的conjugation共辗crysta1 晶体consecutivereaction连串反应crysta11ine 晶体的conservation 保存,守恒cu1ture培养液consistency 连贯性cure 硫化conso1e控制台,仪表板cyanide 氧化物constantratepump 恒流泵cyc1one旋风分离器constanttemperaturebath恒温浴cy1inder 汽缸constituent成分Ddataprocessing 数据处理di 二database 数据库dia1ysis渗析dec 癸diaphragm横隔膜deca 十diastase 淀粉酶decantation 倾析法diazo重氮基decibe1分贝diazosa1t 重氮盐deepshaftreactor 深井曝气dichromate[dai,krθumeit]重铭酸盐degenerate 退化,变质diese1柴油机,内燃机degrit除砂differentia1potentiometrictitration 差示电位滴定dep1ete耗尽[p9,te∏1fi,nmitik][ti,trei1⅛n]derivative衍生物diffraction衍射desiccation 干燥diffractionana1ysis 衍射分析destructivedisti11ation 干储diffuser扩散器detention 停留digestion 消化detergent去垢剂,清洁剂dio1efin二烯燃deteriorate 使恶化,损坏dioxins二恶英dew 露水dipo1emoment 偶极距dextrorotatory右旋光的directanodicstrippingvo1tammetry直接阳极溶出伏安法discrepancy 误差,偏差disti11ation蒸储discrete 离散的diurna1白天的disinfect消毒DO-disso1vedoxygen溶解氧disinfectant 消毒剂dosage 剂量disintegrator 粉碎机drainage排水设备disposa1处理、处置drop1et 微滴disso1ved-airf1otation 溶气浮选法dyes 染料EE.co1i.(escherichaco1i) 埃希氏大肠杆菌EPA-environmenta1protectionagency 环境保护局ebu11atingbed 沸腾床epoxy环氧的ECD一e1ectroncapturedetector电子捕获检测器epoxy 环氧基eco1ogy生态学equiva1ent等当量的ecosystem 生态系统erode 腐蚀eff1uent 出水erratic 不稳定的EIA-environmenta1impactassessment环境影响评价ester酯类e1ectrocapi11arity电毛细管现象-ester 酯e1ectro1yte 电解质esterification 酯化反应e1ectronegativity 电负性estuary['estjua] 河口e1ectromicroscope 电子显微镜eth- 乙e1ectro-osmosis电渗透ether酸e1ectrop1ate 电镀-ether 雁e1uant洗提液ethy1ene 乙烯empirica1 经验主义eutection 低共熔体的emu1sion乳化液eutrophic 富营养化的encapsu1ate 密封eutrophication 富营养化endo- 内_evaporation 蒸发作用endogenous内源的exchangeadsorption交换吸附endrin异狄氏剂excreta 排泄物-ene 烯exothermicity放热性ennea 九个一组exponent 指数entha1py[en'θae1]] 焰extendedaeration延时曝气entropy[,entrθpi] 燃extrace11u1arenzyme胞外酶environmenta1hormone环境激素extraction萃取enzyme[,enzam]酶extrapo1ation 外推法Ffaci1ities 设施ferrous亚铁的factoring 因式分解fi1amentous丝状菌facu1tative兼性的fi1trate过滤,滤液ferri- 铁-fi1tration 过滤ferric三价铁f1ake薄片ferrite 铁素体f1amespectrophotometry 火焰光度法ferro-亚铁-f1ap 活盖,活板f1ask烧瓶forma1in福尔马林f1ex 软管formic甲酸的f1occu1ation絮凝fossi1 化石f1otation 气浮fractionation 分储f1owrate流量,流速freeswimmingci1iates 游泳型纤毛虫f1ue-gasdesu1furization 烟气脱硫Freon 氟利昂f1uffy 松散的front-pane1 面板f1uidizedbed 流化床frothing 起泡f1uoride 氟化物FRP-fiberg1assreinforcedp1astics 玻璃钢Auorimetry 荧光剂fugacity 逸度f1uorine 氟fu11-sca1e 实际尺寸,大规模的f1ush 冲洗fume 难闻的气味,烟熏fo1iage 植物,树叶fungi 真菌forma1dehyde甲醛fungicide 杀菌剂GGAC一granu1aractivatedcarbon颗粒活性炭g1ycero1甘油,丙三醇ga1actose 半乳糖granu1ar 颗粒状的ga1vanometer1gaeIVSiwmita]检流计granu1ometry 粒度分析gasifier气化器grating 光栅,格栅GC/MS一gaschromatography/massspectrometry grave1 砾石[krθmθ,t□grθf j色质联用gravimetric 测定重量的ge1 冻胶,凝胶greenhouseeffect温室效应generic 属的,类的grit 粗砂geotherma1stream 地热流gunite 水泥砂浆层g1ucose['g1u±θus]葡萄糖Hha1ide卤化物hex 巳ha1o卤-hexa 六ha1ogen卤素hinder 阻碍handbook 手册hood 通风橱hazardous危险的hopper漏斗head1oss水头损失hose 胶管heatcapacityatconstantpressure等压热容HP1C—highperformance1iquidchromatography高压液相色谱heatcapacityatconstantvo1ume等容热容HRT-hydrau1icretentiontime水力停留时间he1ica1 螺旋的humus腐殖质he1ica1agitator 螺旋式搅拌器hybridism杂化的hept 庚hydration水合作用hepta 七hydrau1ic水力的herbicide 除草剂hydro氢化的hetero 杂_hydrocarbon½heterogeneity不均匀性,异相性hydroch1oricacid 盐酸heterotrophic异养的hydro1ysis水解hydrophi1ichydrophobic hy droso1hydrostatichydroxide hydroxy1-亲水的疏水的水溶胶流体静力学氢氧化物羟基-hygroscopichyperbo1a hypo-hypoch1orite hypothesis吸湿性双曲线次一次氯酸盐假设I-icanhydride 酸酊instrumenta1ana1ysis仪器分析IC一ionchromatography[krθmθ,t□gre]离子色谱intake 摄入量imhoff双层的intermittent间歇式的-imide 酰亚胺intrace11u1arenzyme胞内酶-imine亚胺intrinsic内在的immobi1ize 使不动inventory清单,目录immobi1izedenzyme固定化酶iodine 碘impe11er叶轮ion离子insitu现场ionexchanger离子交换剂incidence 发生率ionpair 离子对incinerate焚烧IP-inha1ab1epartic1e可吸入颗粒物incubation培养iso- 异-indicator指示剂isobuty1- 异丁基inert 惰性isomer 同分异构体inertia[i'na:月惯性isopiestic等压的inf1uent进水isopropy1异丙基inha1ab1e可吸入的isotope同位素inhibit约束,抑制isotropy各向同性的insecticide 杀虫剂iterativemethod 迭代法Jjack 千斤顶ketoneK酮kinetic[kai,netik]动力学的11actic乳酸的1eanphase贫相1actose 乳糖1evorotatory 左旋光的1agoon氧化塘1iftpipe 提升管1aminar层流的1ignin木质素1andfi11填埋1ime石灰1AS一1ineara1ky1benzenesu1fonate线形烷基苯磺酸1imestone 石灰石1athe 车床1iner衬里1attice 晶格1itmus 石蕊1eachate渗出液1oading负荷1ogarithmic 对数的Iyophi1ic 亲液的1PG一1iquifiedpetro1eumgas液化石油气Iysimetric 溶度的Mmanifo1d歧管methy1-甲基的marshgas 沼气microorganism 微生物massba1ance 物料守恒microscreening 超滤membrane膜M1SS-mixed1iquorsuspendedso1id混合液中的悬浮固体mercaptan 硫醇M1VSS一mixed1iquorvo1ati1esuspendedso1id混合液中的挥发性悬浮颗粒物mercury[,m3kjur j汞moiety 部分,半个meteoro1ogica1[mi:t Bre1Od3k(e)1] 气象学mo1a1ity(重量)摩尔浓度mesosca1e 中间尺度mo1arity (体积)摩尔浓度meta 偏-,间位mo1ecu1aradsorption 分子吸附metabo1ism新陈代谢moment 矩meta11urgica1 冶金学的mono 单metasi1icate 硅酸盐monomer 单体metastab1e 亚稳态的monophase 单相的metathesis 复分解作用moving-bedreactor 移动床反应器meth-甲municipa1市政的methane甲烷mutagenicity 诱变性methodo1ogy 方法学MW一mo1ecu1arweight分子量Nn-正nitrogendioxide二氧化氮naphtha1ene['naefθe1i:n]蔡,卫生球nitroso- 亚硝基-naphthene环烷烧NMHC一non-methanehydrocarboncompounds非甲烷总燃NDIR-nondispersiveinfraredmethod非分散红夕卜法NMR-nuc1earmagneticresonancespectroscopy核磁共振nebu1ous[,nebjo1θs]模糊的nocturna1[nnk,tθinθ1]夜晚的neuston 漂浮生物nomenc1ature 术语nitrosation 亚消化作用non 壬-nitri1e月青norma1ity当量浓度的,正态性nitrite亚硝酸盐nuc1eophi1ic亲核的nitro硝基-oct辛o1eophobic疏油的octa 八o1factory 嗅觉octanenumber 辛烷值-one 酮odor 气味on-1ineana1ysis 在线分析off-gas 废气on-site在场的,就地的off-1ine离线的ORP-oxidationreductionpotentia1氧化还原电位oi1refining 炼油,石油精制ortho-原,邻位-o1醇orthogona1[n:'θngθn1]直角的o1eophi1ic亲油的OTE一oxygentransferefficiency 氧传输效率OUR一oxygenuti1izationrates氧禾U用率oxidase 氧化酶outfa11 排水口oxidation 氧化作用overdraft透支-oxide 氧overf1ow溢流oxygensagcurve氧垂曲线oxa 氧杂-oxygentransfercoefficient 供氧系数oxa1ate 草酸盐-oy1 酰oxa1icacid 草酸ozonedep1etion[,ΘUZΘUΠ]臭氧耗竭oxidant 氧化剂ozonization臭氧化Ppacking填料phosgene 光气PAC一poweractivatedcarbon,po1ya1uminumch1oride phosphate 磷酸盐粉末活性炭,聚合氯化铝phosphite 亚磷酸盐padd1e 浆phosphoricacid 磷酸PAH—po1ycyc1icaromatichydrocarbons多环芳燃phosphorus 磷PAM—po1yacry1amide 聚丙烯酰胺photo光_PAN-peroxyacety1nitrate过氧硝酸乙酰脂photochemica1smog光化学烟雾paperpu1p 纸浆photoe1ectric 光电的para对-,仲-photo1ysis光解paraffin烷烧,石蜡photosensitive 光敏化particu1ate 颗粒物photosynthesis光合作用pathogenic[,paeθθ,dgenik]致病的phreaticpump[fri,aetik]潜水泵PCB—po1ych1orinatedbipheny1多氯联苯phtha1ate 邻苯二甲酸盐pent 戊physicochemica1物理化学的penta 五phytop1ankton浮游植物peptide肽化合物pigment 颜料,色素per 过-pigmentedf1age11ate 有色纤毛虫perco1ate渗透液pi1ot-sca1e 中试perco1ation 渗透pinene松菇,源烯perforatedp1ate 多孔板pipe1ine 管道perista1ticpump 蠕动泵pistoncompressor活塞压缩机permeate[,pθimieit]渗透Pit 坑,斗peroxide过氧化物p1ankton浮游生物peroxy过氧-p1asma等离子体pesticide农药p1astifier 增塑剂petro1eumether 石油酸p1ateheatexchanger 板式换热器PFC-po1yferricch1oride 聚合氯化铁p1ate-and-framefi1terpress板框压滤机PFR―p1ugf1owreactor活塞流反应器p1ug-f1ow推流pharmaceutica1[fα:mθ'su:t k(θ)1]制药的,药学的PM-particu1atematter 颗粒物phasechange 相变pneumatic气动的pheno1酚类po1arography 极谱法pheno1ic[ι,nn1ik]酚的po1y 聚_pheno1icresin 酚醛树脂po1yacry1amide 聚丙烯酰胺pheny1苯基po1ycondensation 缩聚作用po1ycyc1ic多环的Probati1istic 概率的po1yester 聚酯proceeding 会刊,科研报告集po1yether 聚酸processingwastewater 工艺废水po1ymer 聚合体prop 丙po1ymeric聚合的prope11er 桨po1yo1 聚合体propiny1 丙快基po1ysaccharide[p□11saekθra] 多糖prototype 原型,样品po1yurethane[,pn1i,juriθein]聚氨酯protozoan原生动物porce1ain[,pnιs1in]瓷,瓷器pseudo- 伪的porosity空隙性,多孔性pseudo-firstorder伪一级反应porous 多孔的PU1P 纸浆potab1e可饮用的pumphead泵压头potassium[pθ,taesDm]钾pump1ift泵扬程ppb-partperbi11ion十亿分之一PVC—po1yviny1ch1oride 聚氯乙烯ppm-partpermi11ion百万分之一pyrene 花ppt~~partpertri11ion万亿分之一pyrex 硼硅酸玻璃pressurization 加压pyridine 喀咤primary伯的pyro1ysis[pai,rn1isis]热解prism 棱镜Qqua1itative定性的quasi准quantitative定量的quaternary季的,四元的Rradia1 径向refractory难降解的radia1f1owtank 辐流式沉淀池refuse 垃圾,废物radon氨regeneration 再生raffinate萃余液regu1atory 调节的rainout雨洗re1uctance 磁阻rake耙rep1ica 复制品,拷贝raschingring 拉西环residua1ana1ysis[,rezidju:1]残差分析ratedhorsepower 额定功率resin树脂RBC—rotatingbio1ogica1contactor生物转盘retention 保留,停留reagent试剂reversionextraction 反萃取reca1citrant难降解的RFC-reinforcedconcrete钢筋混凝土recess 凹槽rheo1ogy friι,n1θd3i]流变学reciprocating往复的rheo1ogica1 流变的crysta11ization 重结晶rimtakeoff四边出水rectify 精储risings1udge污泥上浮reductase还原酶rootsb1ower罗茨鼓风机reductiongearbox 减速齿轮箱rotifers 轮虫ref1ux 回流runoff地表径流saccharide[,saekθraid]糖类so1ub1e可溶的sa1icy1ic 水杨酸的so1ute 溶质sa1icy1icacid 水杨酸so1vent溶剂sa1inity[sθ,1initi]含盐量SOOt 烟黑sa1tingout 盐析sorption吸着saponification 皂化sparepart备件sarcodina 肉足纲spatia1 空间的saturated[saet⅛reitid]饱和的speciation 形态分析SBR—sequentia1batchreactor序批式反应器spectrophotometer分光光度计scour[,skauθ]冲刷spectrum 光谱scraper刮泥机spent 剩余的,废液screening滤余物,格栅spherica1va1ve[,sferik1]球阀scrub洗涤spira1-f1ow 螺旋流scum[sk∆∏ι]泡沫sta1kedci1iates 柄纤毛虫sea1 密封剂standarddeviation 标准偏差seam 缝,接缝starch 淀粉secondary仲的stearic硬脂的sedimentation沉淀stereoisomer 立体异构体separation分离steri1e[s,terθ1]无菌的septictank化粪池stoichiometric 化学当量的sett1e沉降strappingpump 计量泵sewage[,sjuddζ∣污水,下水道stratification[,straetifi,kei⅛]成层作用sewer下水道stratosphere平流层sewerage污水工程,排水工程stripping气提shear剪切力strongso1ution 浓溶液sheath[J:θ] 外皮,外罩styrene苯乙烯shock1oad 冲击负荷sub1imate 升华sieve筛substrate基质si1icage1 硅胶Su1fani1ic 苯磺酸的si1t淤泥su1fate硫酸盐sink污水坑,洗涤槽,贮水池su1fite亚硫酸盐siphon 虹吸su1furic硫酸的skimmer撇沫器su1furous亚硫酸的s1ime粘泥sump 贮槽,污物贮存器s1it 窄缝surfaceaerator 表面曝气器s1udge污泥surgetank 缓冲罐s1ug 冲击,强击suspended 悬浮的s1urry 泥浆,粘泥,淤泥SVI一s1udgevo1umeindex 污泥体积指数sodium[sθudiθm]钠symposium[sim,pθuziθm]专题讨论会so1ubi1ityproduct 溶度积syndet合成洗涤剂synthesize 合成tandem串联titaniumdioxide二氧化钛taper渐减的/锥形,锥度titration滴定taperaeration渐减曝气TKN 总凯氏氮Te1fon 聚四氟乙烯TOC一tota1organiccarbon总有机碳tempora1 暂时的,时间的to1uene[?1joi:n]甲苯teratogenicity 致畸性toxicity[tnk,sisiti]毒性tertiary叔的transmittance 透光度tetra- 四transpiration 蒸腾tetrach1oride 四氟化物treatment处理therma1热的tri- 三therma1decomposition热分解tricking滴流的therma1resistance 热阻trio1 三元醇thermistor 热敏电阻,温度计trophicity营养度thermocoup1e热电偶troposphere对流层thermodynamic[θθimθudai,naemik]热力学的trough槽thermo1ysis 热分解turbidimeter 浊度计thio 硫代turbidity浊度thiosu1fate 硫代硫酸盐UUASB-upf1owanaerobics1udgebed u1trasonic超声的上流式厌氧污泥床u1travio1et紫外线u1trafi1tration 超滤urea尿素Vva1ve[vae1v]球形阀VOC-vo1ati1eorganiccompounds挥发性有机物va1vetray 浮阀塔板voidfraction空隙率varnish 清漆vo1ati1e挥发性的Venture文丘里vo1umetricf1ask 容量瓶viny1 乙烯基vortex漩涡,涡流viscometer 粘度计vu1canize[,v∆1kθnaκ]硫化vitreous[,vitriθs]玻璃状的,透明的WWAO——wetairoxidation湿式空气氧化wedge 楔形warehouse 仓库weightedaverage 加权平均值washout洗脱weir堰watershed水域wormcondenser 旋管冷凝器weakacid 弱酸Xxeroge1 固溶胶xy1ose木糖xy1ene[,zai1iιr] 二甲苯两性离子yeast酵母Y-ynezeo1ite[⅛iiθ1ait] zoog1oea 沸石菌胶团Zzwitter-ion。
环境工程专业英语词汇
环境工程专业英语词汇AAQS 环境空气质量标准AARS 机载观测资料自动发送系统abatement 减低; 降低; 减少abiotic 无生命的; 非生物的ABL 大气边界层abrasive 磨料; 磨蚀剂; 有磨蚀作用的absorber (of long-wave radiation) 长波辐射吸收剂absorber vessel 吸收器; 吸收装置absorbing ability 吸收能力absorption 吸收作用absorptive complex 吸收性复合体abundance 丰度ACCAD 世界气候应用及资料计划咨询委员会acceptable daily intake 容许日摄入量acceptance test 验收试验accident management 事故管理accidental spill 事故性溢漏acetate moiety 乙酸根; 乙酸基acetylene dichloride 对称二氯乙烯acid fallout 酸性沈降物acid fog 酸雾acid mist 酸雾acid rain 酸雨acid sulphate soils 酸性硫酸盐土; 热带沼泽林土acid(ic)deposit(ion) 酸性沈积物acid(ic) precipitation 酸性降水acid(ic) snow 酸雪acid-affected 受酸影响的; 受酸危害的acid-causing substance 致酸物质acid-forming substance 成酸物质acidifying substance 酸化物质acidogenic bactria 产酸细菌acid-producing bacteria 产酸细菌ACMAD 非洲气象学应用促进发展中心acrylonitrile vapour 丙烯腈蒸气action area 行动区域; 预定自然保护区action level 触发行动水平; 行动阈值Action Plan for the Biosphere Reserves 生物圈保护区行动计划Action Plan for the Programme of Studies 气候对人类影响研究计划的行动计划Action Plan for the Protection of the Atmosphere 保护大气行动计划环境工程action spectrum 作用光谱activated carbon 活性炭activated sludge 活性污泥activation of a response plan 实行应急计划active 活性的active solar energy system 现用的太阳能系统acyclic 无环的acyl nitrite 亚硝酸酰基酯acyl radical 酰基Ad Hoc Group of Legal Experts on Dumping 倾弃问题特设法律专家组add-on hardware 添加硬件add-on technology 增添技术ADI 容许日摄入量adiabatic process 绝热过程administrative charges 管理费ADR 欧洲危险货物国际公路运输协定adsorbent 吸附剂adsorption 吸附作用adverse climate change 不利的气候变化adverse effect 不利效应; 不利影响adverse environment effect 对环境不利的影响adverse health effect 对健康不利的影响adverse impact 不利影响Advisory Committee on Marine Pollution 海洋污染咨询委员会(海洋污染咨委会)Advisory Committee on Marine Pollution 海洋污染咨询委员会(海洋污染咨委会)Advisory Group on Greenhouse Gases 致温室效应气体问题咨询小组aeronautical climatology 航空气候学Aeronautical Meteorology Programme 航空气象学计划aerosol 气溶胶; 烟雾体aerosol (spray-)can 喷雾罐; 气溶胶喷罐aerosol dispenser 气溶胶喷罐; 气溶胶发生器aerosol load 气溶胶浓度; 气溶胶含量AFBC 常压流化床燃烧AFC 区域预报中心afforestation 造林; 绿化aflatoxin 黄曲霉毒素African Ministerial Conference on Environment 非洲环境问题部长级会议African Ministerial Conference on Environment 非洲环境问题部长级会议African Ministerial Conference on Environment 非洲部长级环境会议African NGO Environment Network 非洲非政府组织环境网after-care of disposal sites 垃圾堆置场的使用后管理aftershock 余震AGCM 大气环流模型Agricultural Meteorology Programme 农业气象学计划环境工程agrochemicals 农用化学品agroclimatic 农业气候的agroclimatological zoning 农业气候分区agrometeorology 农业气象学A-horizon 淋溶层; A层air barrier 气障; 气泡阻挡层; 气泡屏蔽air chemistry 大气化学air column 气柱air current 气流air injection system 空气喷射系统air intrusion 气流侵袭air mass 气团air monitoring 大气监测air parcel 气块air pollutant 空气污染物air pollution 空气污染air pollution control 空气污染控制air pollution load 空气污染物浓度; 空气污染物含量air shed 大气补给分界线air shower 大气中宇宙线的簇射air surveillance 空气污染监视airborne contaminant 气载污染物airborne emissions 空气中的排放物airborne fraction of carbon 空气中的碳化合物馏分airborne particulates 空气中的悬浮微粒; 气载微粒airborne pollutant concentration 气载污染物浓度如需转载,请注明来自:FanE『翻译中国』http;//airborne pollution 大气污染; 空气污染airborne system 机载系统airborne transport 大气输运aircraft(-based) observations 机上观测airflow 气流air-fuel ratio 空气燃油比air-sea boundary layer 大气海洋边界层; 海-气边界层air-sea interaction 大气海洋相互作用; 海-气相互作用air-sea interface 大气海洋界面; 海-气界面albedo 反照率; 反射率albedo radiation 反照辐射algae control 藻类控制algal bloom 水华; 藻华; 藻类大量繁殖alicyclic 脂环族的aliphatic compound 脂族化合物alkadiene 链二烯环境工程alkali metal 碱金属alkaline-earth metal 碱土金属alkalinization 碱化; 碱化作用alkane 烷; 链烷烃alkene 烯; 链烯烃alkyd resins 醇酸树脂alkyl aluminium halide 卤化烷基铝alkyl nitrate 硝酸烷基酯alkyl nitrite 亚硝酸烷基酯alkylphosphonothio dihalide 烷基硫代膦酰二卤alkyne 炔; 链炔烃alleviating measures 缓和措施; 减轻措施allowable daily intake 容许日摄入量alluvial deposit 冲积物; 冲积层alluviation 冲积; 冲积作用allyl chlorocarbonate 氯甲酸烯丙酯alterant 备用方案alternative development 可选择的发展alternative fuel 代用燃料alternative technology 可选择的技术altitude distribution 高度分布; 垂直方向分布ambient air 环境大气; 环境空气ambient air monitor 环境空气监测ambient air quality standard 环境空气质量标准ambient quality standard 环境质量标准ambient standard 环境标准AMCEN 非洲部长级环境会议amenities of the countryside 乡村的舒适amenity rights 舒适环境的权利; 舒适权amine ring 氨基环ammonia (NH3) 氨ammonia solution (NH4OH) 氨溶液; 氢氧化铵; 氨水ammonia water 氨水; 氨溶液; 氢氧化铵ammonium hydrogen sulphite (__) 亚硫酸氢铵ammonium hydroxide 氢氧化铵; 氨溶液; 氨水ammonium sulphate ((NH4)2SO4) 硫酸铵ammonium superphosphate 过磷酸铵ammonolysis 氨解作用ammoxidation 氨解氧化作用; 氨氧化反应作用amplification factor 放大因子anaerobic conditions 缺氧情况ANEN 非洲非政府组织环境网animal density 动物密度anion exchanger 阴离子交换剂环境工程anomalous fluctuations 反常起伏; 反常波动anomaly 反常; 异常Antarctic Circle 南极圈Antarctic ozone hole 南极臭氧层空洞Antarctic springtime ozone depletion 南极春季臭氧消耗Antarctic stratospheric circumpolar vortex 南极平流层环极涡旋anthropogenic 源于人类活动的; 人为的anticipatory environmental action 防患未然的环保行动anti-desertification programme 防止沙漠化计划antioxidant 抗氧化剂; 防老化剂anti-trade 反信风APELL 在地方一级知道和作好工业事故的准备APELL 在地方一级知道和作好工业事故的准备appliance labelling 电器用品贴上标签如需转载,请注明来自:FanE『翻译中国』http;//Applications of Meteorology Programme 气象学应用计划applied cloud physics 应用云物理学approved facility (处理危险或其他废物的)合格设施aqua ammonia 氨水; 氢氧化氨; 氨溶液aquatic acidification 水的酸化aquatic biota 水生生物区系; 水生生物群aquatic food web 水生食物链; 水生食物网Arctic Cercle 北极圈Arctic ozone hole 北极臭氧层空洞area (emission) source 区域污染源Area Forcast System (AFS) 区域预报系统area meteorological watch 区域气象监视area of environmental stress 环境受到威胁地区area pollution 区域污染aromatic 芳族的; 芳香的; 芳香剂artificial structure 人工建筑物; 人工结构ASAP 自动化船载高空探测计划ascending chromatography 上行色谱法ASP 过磷酸铵assessment panel 评估小组Atlas mooring 阿特拉斯式系泊装置atmosphere-ocean-land-ice system 大气-海洋-陆地-冰雪体系; 气海陆冰体系atmospheric absorption 大气吸收atmospheric abundance(s) 例如二氧化碳在大气中的丰度; 成分atmospheric acidity 大气酸度atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) 大气边界层atmospheric change 大气变化atmospheric chemist 大气化学家环境工程atmospheric chemistry 大气化学atmospheric chlorine 大气氯atmospheric chlorine build-up 大气氯累积; 大气氯蓄积atmospheric circulation pattern 大气环流模式atmospheric climate 大气气候atmospheric column 大气气柱atmospheric composition 大气成分atmospheric constituent 大气组分; 大气组元atmospheric deposition 排入大气atmospheric disturbance 大气扰动atmospheric dynamics 大气动力学atmospheric environment 大气环境atmospheric fallout 大气沈降物atmospheric flow pattern 大气气流模式atmospheric fluidized bed combustion 常压流化床燃烧atmospheric forcing 大气外力作用atmospheric free radical 大气游离基Atmospheric General Circulation Model 大气环流模型atmospheric input (of pollutants) 污染物的排入大气atmospheric inversion 大气逆变; 大气逆温atmospheric layer 大气层atmospheric life (of a substance) 一种物质在大气中存在的时间atmospheric loading (of e.g. chlorine) 例如氯在大气中的浓度; 含量; 负荷atmospheric microphysics 大气微观物理学atmospheric model 大气模型atmospheric modeller 大气模型家atmospheric movements (of e.g. nitrogen oxides) 例如氧化氮在大气中的移动atmospheric ozone 大气臭氧atmospheric ozone column 大气臭氧气柱atmospheric physicist 大气物理学家atmospheric pollution network 大气污染监视网atmospheric radical 大气游离基atmospheric recovery time 大气复原时间atmospheric region 大气层Atmospheric Research and Remote Sensing Plane 大气研究和遥感研究专机atmospheric researcher 大气研究者atmospheric residence time 在大气中停留时间atmospheric sciences 大气科学atmospheric scientist 大气科学家atmospheric shell 大气层atmospheric sounder 大气探测器atmospheric transfer 大气输运atmospheric transformation product 使大气变性的产物atmospheric transport 大气输运环境工程atmospheric transport-chemistry model 大气输运和化学反应模型atmospheric turbidity 大气浑浊度atmospherics detection station 天电检测站auctionable emission rights 可拍卖的排放权利austral spring 南半球春季austral winter 南半球冬季Automated Shipboard Aerological Programme 自动化船载高空探测计划Automatic Aircraft Reporting System 机载观测资料自动发送系统automative air conditioning 汽车空调; 汽车空气调节autophyte 自养植物autotroph 自养生物autotrophic 自养的autotrophy 自养available (chlorine, oxygen, etc.) 有效氯,氧等average total amount of ozone 臭氧平均总量average total ozone 臭氧平均总量awarwness-building 建立意识azeotrope 共沸混合物B2O5 N2O5; 五氧化二氮(一般不译)Background Air Pollution Monitoring Network 气象组织本底空气污染监测网Background Air Pollution Monitoring Network (BAPMoN) 本底空气污染监测网background atmosphere composition network 本底大气成分监测网background concentration 本底污染浓度background measurement 本底测量background monitoring station 本底监测站background ozone 本底臭氧backgroung (ambient air) pollution 本底污染backscattered radiation 后向散射的辐射backscattered ultraviolet radiation (BUV radiation) 后向散射的紫外辐射backscattering 后向散射back-up 支持; 支持物; 备分BACT 可得的最佳控制污染技术bag house 袋滤室balance 平衡balance line system 平衡管道系统balance of nature 自然生态平衡balance vapour recovery system 平衡管道蒸气回收系统balancing line system 平衡管道系统balks 未耕地balloon ozone sounding 气球臭氧探测balloon-borne instrument 气球运载仪器; 球载仪器Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission 波罗的海海洋环境保护委员会ban 禁止使用BAPMoN 本底空气污染监测网环境工程BAPMoN site 本底空气污染监测网站basal layer of epidermis 表皮基层base cations 碱阳离子base metal 贱金属baseline case 基线案例baseline data 基线数据baseline observing station [GAW] 基线观测站basic active 碱活性basic metal 碱性金属basic obligations 基本义务basic reaction 碱性反应basic solution 碱性溶液basin 流域; 盆地bearing capacity 承载能力bedrock 基岩behaviour of ozone 臭氧特性belt skimmer 带式撇油器benthic 底栖的; 海底的benthos 底栖生物; 水底生物Bergen Conference 卑尔根会议Bern Convention 伯尔尼公约best available control technology (BACT) 可得的最佳控制污染技术best practicable means 最可行的方法best practicable technology 最可行的技术BFCs 溴氟碳化合物B-horizon 淀积层; B层biennial oscillation 两年振荡bio(-)indicator 对环境有指示作用的生物指示品种bioaccumulation 生物累积bioassay 生物测定; 活体检定biocenose 生物群落biocenosis 生物群落biochemical action 生化作用; 生物化学作用biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) 生化需氧量bioclimatic changes 生物气候变化bioclimatology 生物气候学biocoenose 生物群落bio-data 生物数据biodegradation rate 生物降解速率biodiversity 生物多样性biofilter 生物过滤器; 生物滤池biogenic chlorine 源于生物的氯; 生物产生的氯biogenic gas 源于生物的气体biogeochemical cycle 生物地球化学循环环境工程biological action 生物作用biological action spectrum 生物作用光谱biological amplification factor 生物放大因数biological assay 生物鉴定; 生物测定; 活体检定biological balance 生物平衡biological control 生物控制biological cycle 生物循环; 生物周期biological energy conversion 生物能量转换biological exposure indicator 生物性曝露指示装置biological half-life 生物半衰期biological indicator species 对环境有指示作用的生物指示品种biological magnification factor 生物放大因数biological oxygen demand 生物需氧量biological treatment (BT) 生物处理biologically active ultraviolet radiation 具有生物活性的紫外辐射biologically effective ultraviolet radiation 具有生物效应的紫外辐射biomagnification 生物富集biome 生物群落biomonitoring 生物监测biosafety 生物技术安全biosphere reserve 生物圈保护区biospheric balance 生物圈平衡biota 生物区系; 生物相; 区域生物群biotechnological safety 生物技术安全biotechnology 生物技术; 生物工艺学biotic control 生物控制biotope 群落生境; 生活小区biphenyl 联苯biradical 二基团的bitrate radical 硝酸根bloom 大量繁殖blowing agent 发泡剂BOD 生化需氧量BOD strength 生化需氧量大小BOD(x) _的生化需氧量body of water 水体body tissue 体组织Bonn Convention 波恩公约border effect 边行效应; 边行影响boron (B) 硼bottom-living fish 底栖鱼类bound nitrogen 固氮boundary layer 边界层bowl 盆地; 区域环境工程Br 溴; (一般不译)breakdown 分解breeding ground 繁殖区; 产卵区Brewer instrument 布鲁尔检测仪Brewer-Mast electrochemical sonde 布鲁尔-马斯特电化学探空仪bridge technology 过渡性技术bromic ether 溴代乙烷; 乙基溴bromide 溴化; 溴化物brominated species 含溴产品bromination 溴化作用; 溴化处理bromine(-containing) substance 含溴物质bromochlorodifluoromethane 二氟氯溴甲烷bromoethane 溴乙烷; 乙基溴bromofluorocarbons (BFCs) 溴氟碳化合物bromoform (CHBr3) 溴仿; 三溴甲烷bromomethane 溴甲烷; 甲基溴bromotrifluoromethane (CBrF3) 三氟溴甲烷brown coal 褐煤Brundtland Report 布伦特兰报告bubble concept 气泡概念bubble tower 鼓泡塔bubbler 起泡器bubbling 起泡; 冒泡; 鼓泡bubbling fluidized bed combustion 沸腾式流化床燃烧budget 预算; 平衡; 收支buffer solution 缓冲溶液buffer(ing) capacity 缓冲能力; 缓冲容量building climatology 建筑气候学build-up (of pollutants) 污染物的累积; 积累bulk deposition 大量堆积; 大量沈积buoy boat 航标敷设艇burnt lime 煅石灰; 氧化钙; 生石灰bush fire 灌丛火灾; 灌木林火BUV radiation 后向散射的紫外辐射C2Cl2F4 四氟二氯乙烷C2Cl3F3 三氟三氯乙烷C2Cl4F2 四氯二氟乙烷C2Cl6 六氯乙烷C2ClF5 五氟氯乙烷环境工程C2H3Cl3 C2H3Cl3 三氯乙烷C2H4F2 C2H4F2 (1,1-二氟乙烷C2H4O2 C2H4O2 甲酸甲酯C2H5Br C2H5Br 乙基溴C2H5Cl C2H5Cl 乙基氯C2HCl5 C2HCl5 五氯乙烷C4F8 C4F8 八氟环丁烷C4H4O C4H4O 呋喃C5H10 C5H10 戊烯Cadmium pollution 镉污染Cairo Guidelines and Principles 关于危险废物的环境无害管理开罗准则和原则calibrated fluxes 校准流量; 校准通量calibration 校准Campaign for the Conservation of the Water's Edge 保护河海边缘运动Canadian Environmental Protection Act 加拿大环境保护法canopy 林冠; 树冠canopy density 林冠郁闭度canopy manipulation 林冠修整; 林冠控制can-type precipitation gauge 罐式雨量计cap (on production, consumption) 生产或消费限额; 限度carbide 碳化; 碳化物; 碳化钙carbon canister 活性碳罐carbon cycle 碳循环carbon dioxide (CO2) 二氧化碳carbon dioxide ice 固态二氧化碳carbon disulphide 二硫化碳carbon families 碳族化合物carbon hexachloride 六氯乙烷carbon material 碳材料carbon monoxide (CO) 一氧化碳carbon oxygen sulphide (COS) 氧硫化碳; 碳酰硫carbon oxysulphide 氧硫化碳carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) 四氯化碳carbon tetrafluoride 四氟化碳carbonic acid (H2CO3) 碳酸carbonic acid gas 碳酸气; 二氧化碳carbonic oxide 一氧化碳carbonyl sulphide 氧硫化碳; 碳酰硫carrying capacity 容纳量; 装载量; 负荷量; 负担能力CAS 化学文摘社; 大气科学委员会cascade impactor 阶式碰撞采样器cascade shower 级联簇射catalysis 催化作用catalyst 催化剂环境工程catalyst-equipped passenger car 装有催化净化废气系统的小客车catalytic chain 催化循环catalytic converter 催化转化器catalytic cycle 催化循环catalytic exhaust system 排气催化系统catalytic ozone destruction cycle 臭氧的催化分解循环catchment 汇水; 集水cation exchange capacity 阳离子交换能力cation exchanger 阳离子交换剂; 阳离子交换器CBrF3 三氟溴甲烷CCCO 气候变化与海洋委员会CCl2F2 二氟二氯甲烷CCl2FCCl2F 对称四氯二氟乙烷CCl3CHCl2 五氯乙烷CCl3F 三氯氟甲烷CCl4 四氯化碳,四氯甲烷CClF2CClF2 对称四氟二氯乙烷CClF2CF3 五氟氯乙烷CClF3 三氟氯甲烷ceiling value 最高值; 最高额cell line 细胞株; 细胞系cell methode 分格法cellular plastic 泡沫塑料__ 南美地震学区域中心certification requirements 获得许可的必要条件资格CF2ClCCl2H CF2ClCCl2H (1,1,2-三氯-2,2-二氟乙烷CF3CF3 CF3CF3 六氟乙烷CF4 CF4 四氟甲烷,四氟化碳CFC 氯氟碳化合物; 含氯氟烃CFC 10 CFC 10 四氯化碳,四氯甲烷CFC 11 CFC 11 三氯氟甲烷CFC 110 CFC 110 六氯乙烷CFC 112 CFC 112 四氯二氟乙烷CFC 113 CFC 113 三氟三氯乙烷CFC 114 CFC 114 四氟二氯乙烷CFC 115 CFC 115 五氟氯乙烷CFC 116 CFC 116 六氟乙烷CFC 12 CFC 12 二氟二氯甲烷CFC 120 CFC 120 五氯乙烷CFC 122 CFC 122 三氯二氟乙烷CFC 13 CFC 13 三氟氯甲烷CFC 13B1 CFC 13B1 三氟溴甲烷CFC 14 CFC 14 四氟甲烷CFC 140a CFC 140a (1,1,1-三氯乙烷环境工程CFC 142b CFC 142b (1,1-二氟-1-氯乙烷CFC 152a CFC 152a (1,1-二氟乙烷CFC 160 CFC 160 乙基氯CFC 160B CFC 160B 乙基溴CFC 20 CFC 20 三溴甲烷CFC 21 CFC 21 二氯氟甲烷CFC 22 CFC 22 二氟氯甲烷CFC 23 CFC 23 三氟甲烷CFC 32 CFC 32 二氟甲烷CFC 40 CFC 40 甲基氯CFC 40 B CFC 40 B 甲基溴CFC 500 CFC 500 (500制冷剂CFC 502 CFC 502 (502制冷剂CFC 503 CFC 503 (503制冷剂CFC 504 CFC 504 (504制冷剂CFC 611 CFC 611 甲酸甲酯CFC C318 CFC C318 八氟环丁烷CFC refrigerant 氯氟碳化合物制冷剂CFC refrigeration fluid 氯氟碳化合物制冷液CFC release rate 氯氟碳化合物的排放速度CFM 氟氯甲烷CH2=CHCl CH2=CHCl 氯乙烯CH2Cl2 CH2Cl2 二氯甲烷CH2ClCH2Cl CH2ClCH2Cl 对称二氯乙烷CH2F2 CH2F2 二氟甲烷CH3Br CH3Br 甲基溴CH3CCl3 CH3CCl3 (1,1,1-三氯乙烷CH3CClF2 CH3CClF2 (1,1-二氟-1-氯乙烷CH3CH(Cl)CH2Cl CH3CH(Cl)CH2Cl (1,2-二氯丙烷__r __r 乙基溴__HCl2 __HCl2 (1,1-二氯丙烷CH3CHCl2 CH3CHCl2 (1,1-二氯乙烷__ __ (1,1-二氟乙烷CH3Cl CH3Cl 甲基氯CH4 CH4 甲烷change in consumer attitudes 消费者态度的变化change in weather pattern 天气模式的变化; 天气型的变化changes of acitity 酸度的变化changing atmosphere 变化中的大气; 大气变化changing composition (of the atmosphere) 大气成分的变化charge 费charges on water pollution 水污染费Charter on Ground Water Management 地下水管理章程CHBr3 CHBr3 三溴甲烷环境工程CHCl=CCl2 CHCl=Cl2 三氯乙烯CHCl2CCl3 CHCl2CCl3 五氯乙烷CHCl2CH2Cl CHCl2CH2Cl (1,1,2-三氯乙烷CHCl2F CHCl2F 二氯氟甲烷CHCl3 CHCl3 三氯甲烷CHClF2 CHClF2 二氟氯甲烷Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) 化学文摘社chemical barrier 化学屏蔽chemical burn 化学性灼伤chemical change 化学变化chemical cleaning of coal 煤的化学净化chemical conversion 化学转化Chemical Co-ordinating Centre 化学问题协调中心chemical dump 化学废料chemical emergency 化学紧急事故chemical intermediate 化学中间产品; 化学半成品chemical name 化学名chemical oxygen demand (COD) 化学需氧量chemical poisoning 化学品中毒chemical reactivity 化学反应性chemical residence time 化学品停留时间; 化学品存在时间chemical safety 化学安全chemical specialities 化学的各种专业chemical substitute 化学代用品; 化学替代物质chemical theory 化学理论chemical trace constituent 化学痕量成分chemical transformation 化学变化chemical transmitter 化学传递介质chemically inert 不起化学作用的; 化学惰性的chemically reactive substance 化学活性物质chemically-fixed energy 化学能; 化学固定能chemistry of atmosphere 大气化学chemo... 化学...chemoautotroph 化学自养生物chemosphere 光化层CHF3 CHF3 三氟甲烷chlorethyl 乙基氯chlorhydrogenation 氯氢化作用chloride 氯化; 氯化物chloride prescrubber 氯化物预洗净气剂chlorinated 氯化的chlorinated alkane 氯化烷烃chlorinated hydrocarbon 氯化碳氢化合物chlorinated hydrocarbon refrigerant 氯化碳氢化合物制冷剂环境工程chlorinated paraffin 氯化石蜡; 氯化烷烃chlorination 氯化作用; 在水中加氯chlorine catalysis 氯的催化作用chlorine chemistry 氯化学chlorine dioxide (ClO2) 二氧化氯chlorine monoxide (Cl2O) 氧化氯chlorine nitrate (ClONO2) 硝酸氯chlorine oxide radical 氧化氯游离基chlorine oxides (ClOx) 氯的氧化物chlorine peroxide 过氧化氯chlorine radicals 氯游离基chlorine reservoir 氯的吸收库chlorine sink 氯的吸收汇chlorine system 氯的化学系统; 氯的化学循环chlorine theory 氯理论chlorine(-containing) substance 含氯物质chlorine-bearing compound 含氯物质chlorine-bearing reservoir 氯的吸收库chlorinolysis 氯解chloroalkane 氯化烷烃chlorocarbon 氯化碳氢化合物chlorocarbon refrigerant 氯化碳氢化合物制冷剂chlorodifluoromethane (CHClF2) 二氟氯甲烷chloroethane 氯乙烷chloroethylene 二氯化乙烯chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) 氯氟碳化合物; 含氯氟烃chlorofluorocarbon refrigerant 氯氟碳化合物制冷剂chlorofluoroethane 氟氯乙烷chlorofluoromethane (CFM) 氟氯甲烷chloroform (CHCl3) 氯仿; 三氯甲烷chlorohydrocarbon 氯化碳氢化合物chloromethane 氯甲烷chloropentafluoroethane (C2ClF5) 五氟氯乙烷chlorophenols 氯酚chlorotrifluoromethane (CClF3) 三氟氯甲烷C-horizon 母质层; C层chromatophore cell 色素细胞CIDIE 国际发展机构环境委员会circle of latitude 纬度圈circulating fluidized bed combustor 循环流化床燃烧室circulation pattern of the atmosphere 大气环流模式circumpolar vortex 环极涡旋; 绕极涡旋CITES 濒危野生动植物物种国际贸易公约Cl Cl 氯; 氯原子环境工程Cl2 Cl2 氯分子Cl2C=CCl2 Cl2C=CCl2 四氯乙烯Cl2O Cl2O 氧化氯Cl3CCCl3 Cl3CCCl3 六氯乙烷classified facility 按可能引起污染的程度被定级设施clean air 清洁空气; 新鲜空气Clean Air Act 空气清洁法clean atmosphere 天然大气; 洁净大气clean rain 干净的雨; 没有被污染的雨clean technologies 不引起污染的技术; 干净的技术clean use of coal 煤的干净用法cleaner technologies 清洁技术; 净化技术cleaning solvent 洗涤液; 洗涤溶剂cleanup activities 清洁活动; 净化活动clear sky 晴空clearing-house mechanism [UNEP] 资料交换所机制体制CLICOM CLICOM 不译CLICOM facility [WMO] CLICOM设施climagram 气候图CLIMAT broadcast CLIMAT广播CLIMAT reporting station [WWW] CLIMAT报告站CLIMAT TEMP reporting system [WWW] CLIMAT TEMP报告系统climate alert 气候警报climate applications 气候应用Climate Applications Referral System 气候应用检索系统climate change 气候变化Climate Change Detection Project 气候变化检测计划Climate Computing (CLICOM) CLICOM (不译)climate control 气候控制climate data centre 气候资料中心climate data management 气候资料管理climate diagnostic 气候分析climate forcing 气候作用力climate indicator 气候指示物climate information 气候资料climate model 气候模型climate modelling 建立气候模型climate monitoring 气候监测climate observing station 气候观测站climate process 气候过程climate record 气候记录climate science 气候科学climate sensitivity 气候敏感性climate system monitoring (CSM) 气候系统监测环境工程climate trend 气候趋势climate variation 气候变化climate warming 气候变暖; 气温升高climate watch 气候监视climate-sensitive activity 影响气候的活动; 对气候敏感的活动climatic anomaly 气候异常; 气候距平climatic atlas 气候图集climatic change 气候变化climatic control 气候控制climatic cycles 气候循环; 气候周期climatic data 气候资料climatic divide 气候分界climatic effects 气候效应climatic element 气候要素climatic event 气候现象; 气候事件climatic facilities 气候治疗设施climatic factors 气候因子climatic forecast 气候预报; 气候展望climatic hazard 不测风云的危险性; 气候异常的危险性climatic model 气候模型climatic optimum 气候适宜期climatic record 气候记录climatic region 气候区climatic scourge 气候灾害climatic shift 气候改变climatic stress 气候限制; 气候压力climatic upheaval 气候激烈变化climatic variability 气候的可变性如需转载,请注明来自:FanE『翻译中国』http;//climatic variation 气候变化climatic zone 气候带climatography 气候志climatological chart 气候图climatological forecast 以气候学方法预报climatological station 气候站climatologist 气候学家climatology 气候学ClNO2 ClNO2 硝酰氯ClO2 ClO2 过氧化氯ClONO2 ClONO2 硝酸氯closed forest 密生林; 郁闭林closed-cup test 闭杯法试验closed-loop control (of fuel metering) 燃料计量的闭回路控制环境工程cloud albedo 云的反照率cloud amount 云量cloud climatology 云气候学cloud cover 云量cloud droplets 云滴cloud field 云区cloud physics 云物理学cloud process 成云过程; 云形成过程cloud system 云系cloudiness 云量cloud-radiation feedback 云和辐射相互作用; 云-辐射反馈作用cloud-top height 云顶高度cloud-top temperature 云顶温度cloudy 多云ClOx ClOx 氯的氧化物CMM 海洋气象学委会CO2 equivalent 二氧化碳当量CO2-induced changes (of climate) 二氧化碳引起的气候变化coal beneficiation 选煤coal cleaning plant 选煤厂coal washing 洗煤COARE 海洋大气耦合响应实验Coast Earth Station 海岸地面站coastal area 沿海区; 海岸区coastal climate 沿海气候coastal development 滨海地区的发展coastal evolution 海岸的演变coastal fog 岸边的雾; 岸雾coastal ocean 海洋边缘; 近岸海洋coastal protected area 沿海保护区coastal sea 海洋边缘; 近岸海洋coastal shelf 沿海大陆架coastal waters 水体边缘; 近岸水体COD 化学需氧量COH 雾系数cold start emissions 冷起动时排出的废气collection of household refuse 家庭垃圾的收集colonizing species 群居物种column content of ozone 大气气柱中的臭氧含量column of ozone 大气气柱中的臭氧column of the atmosphere 大气气柱combating climate change 防备气候变化combustion emissions 燃烧废气combustion plant 燃烧设施; 燃烧车间环境工程combustion source 火源; 火箱; 燃烧室combustor 燃烧室; 燃烧器commercial applications 商业应用commercial lead time 商品从开始设计到投入市场所需的时间commercially available substitute 可在市场上买到的代用品Commission for Aeronautical Meteorology 航空气象学委员会Commission for Agricultural Meteorology 农业气象学委员会Commission for Atmospheric Sciences 大气科学委员会Commission for Basic Systems (CBS) 基本系统委员会Commission for Climatology (CCl) 气候学委员会Commission for Marine Meteorology 海洋气象学委员会Commission for Special Applications ofMeteorology.. 气象学和气候学特殊应用委员会Commission Initiative in the Field ofthe Environ.. 欧洲共同体委员会环境领域计划Committee for Climate Changes and the Ocean 气候变化和海洋委员会Committee of International Development 国际发展机构环境委员会Committee of International Development 国际发展机构环境委员会Committee of the Whole 全体委员会common name 通用名称compacted soil 紧实土Compendium on Low- and Non-waste Technologies 低废和无废技术概要completely halogenated 全氯化的compliance 遵守compliance delay 延期遵守; 延期执行component 成分; 组分composition of CFCs 氯氟碳化合物的成分compound organic matter 复合有机物compressed natural gas 压缩天然气compression ratio 压缩比compressive resistance 抗压强度; 压应力; 抗压力compulsory measures 强制性措施concentration basin 浓缩池; 选矿槽concentration factor 浓缩系数; 富集系数concentration level 浓缩水平; 富集水平condensate 冷凝; 冷凝液Conference of Experts on Climate and Mankind 气候和人类问题专家会议Conference on Climate Change and Greenhouse Gas 气候变化和致温室效应气体问题会议Conference on Environment and Development 环境与发展会议(环发会议)conservation 保护; 保养; 养护; 维护conservation area 保护区conservation of biological diversity 维护生物的多样性conservation of cilmate 保护气候conservation of genetical diversity 维护遗传的多样性conservation of landscape 保护风景; 保护景观conservation of nature 保护自然; 自然保护。
环境工程专业词汇
环境工程专业词汇Aabsolute pressure(绝对压力):以真空压力为零作为参比点测得的压力。
absorption(吸取):一种物质被另一种物质捕捉的过程,其过程能够是溶解,也能够是反应。
absorption field〔吸取场〕acid(酸):能够增加溶液氢离子浓度或者能够与碱性物质进行中和反应的物质。
acid rain(酸雨):高于正常酸度值的降水,其酸性要紧由硫和氮氧化物空气污染所致。
acoustic material(隔音材料):能够吸取和反射声能的材料,用于噪声操纵。
acre-foot〔英亩-英尺〕:表示大水量的数量单位,等于一英亩面积乘一英尺深度。
Activated sludge(活性污泥):污水处理厂曝气池中悬浮的或二沉底部沉淀的固体物质,大部分由〝活着的〞微生物构成。
Activated sludge process〔活性污泥工艺〕:一种生物污水处理方法,利用污水和空气混合液中的微生物,吸附有机物污染物并将其转化为稳固物质的过程。
Adiabatic lapse rate( 绝热递减率):随着高度升高,环境温度随之降低。
Adsorption(吸附作用):一种物理过程,指水污染物或大气污染物在固体材料表面的接触和被捕捉,固体材料常见的是活性炭。
Advanced treatment(深度处理):指在污水二级处理后或二级处理中的净华工艺,要紧去除营养物或悬浮物以及溶解性有机物,也称为污水三级处理。
Aeration(曝气):空气与水和污水混合用于水处理的物理过程。
Aerobe(好氧微生物):需要有氧环境生存和繁育的微生物。
Aerobic(好氧的):存在空气或分子氧的条件。
Aerosol(气溶胶):悬浮于空气的细小颗粒或液珠。
Air quality index(空气质量指数):介于0—500的等分数,由美国环保局每日公布,告知公众当地的大气质量。
指数由五种要紧污染物构成。
指数越高,空气污染越严峻。
环境专业英语词汇
环境专业英语工程的通用术语及其涵义应符合下列规定:给水工程 water supply engineering 原水的取集和处理以及成品水输配的工程.排水工程 sewerage ,wastewater engineering 收集、输送、处理和处置废水的工程.给水系统 water supply system 给水的取水、输水、水质处理和配水等设施以一定方式组合成的总体.排水系统 sewerage system 排水的收集、输送、水质处理和排放等设施以一定方式组合成的总体.给水水源 water source 给水工程所取用的原水水体.原水raw water 由水源地取来的原料水.地表水surface water 存在于地壳表面,暴露于大气的水.地下水ground water 存在于地壳岩石裂缝或工壤空隙中的水.淡水fresh water 含盐量小于500mg/L的水.废水 wastewater 居民活动过程中排出的水及径流雨水的总称.它包括生活污水、工业废水和初雨径流以及流入排水管渠的其它水.污水sewage ,wastewater 受一定污染的来自生活和生产的排出水.用水量 water consumption 用水对象实际使用的水量.污水量 wastewater flow ,sewage flow 排水对象排入污水系统的水量.用水定额 water flow norm 对不同的排水对象,在一定时期内制订相对合理的单位排水量的数值.排水定额 wastewater flow norm 对不同的排水对象,在一定时期内制订相对合理的单位排水量的数值.水质 water quality 在给水排水工程中,水的物理、化学、生物学等方面的性质.泵站 pumping house 设置水泵机组、电气设备和管道、闸阀等的房屋.泵站 pumping station 泵房及其配套设施的总称.给水处理 water treatment 对不符合用不对象水质要求的水.进行水质改善的过程.污水处理 sewage treatment ,wastewater treatment 为使污水达到排水某一水体或再次使用的水质要求,对其进行净化的过程.废水处理 wastewater disposal 对废水的最终安排.一般将废水排入地表水体、排放土地和再次使用等.格栅 bar screen,screening 一种栅条形的隔污设备,用以拦截水中较大尺寸的漂浮物或其他杂物.曝气 aeration 水与气体接触,进行溶氧或散除水中溶解性气体和挥发性物质的过程.沉淀 sedimentation 利用重力沉降作用去除水中杂物的过程.澄清 clarification 通过与高浓度沉渣层的接触而去除水中杂物的过程.过滤filtration 借助粒状材料或多孔介质截除水中质物的过程.混凝coagulation-flocculation臭氧氧化ozonation反渗透reverse osmosis吸附adsorption硝化nitrification反硝化denitrification离子交换法 ion exchange 采用离子交换剂去除水中某些盐类离子的过程.氯化 chlorination 在水中投氯或含氯氧化物方法消灭病原体的过程.余氯 residual chlorine 水中投氯,经一定时间接触后,在水中余留的游离性氯和结合性氯的总和. 污泥 sludge 在水处理过程中产生的,以及排水管渠中沉积的固体与水的混合物或胶体物.污泥处理 sludge treatment 对污泥的最终安排.一般将污泥作农肥、制作建筑材料、填埋和投弃等.水头损失 head loss 水流通过管渠、设备和构筑物等所引起的能量消耗.二、一般术语1> 系统和水量方面的术语及其涵度,应符合下列符合下列规定:循环水系统 recirculation system 水经使用后不予排放而循环利用或处理后循环利用的给水系统.生活用水 domestic water 人类日常生活所需用的水.生产用水 process water 生产过程所需用的水.消防用水 fire demand 扑灭火灾所需用的水.浇洒道路用水 street flushing demand ,road watering 对城镇道路进行保养、清洗、降温和消尘等所需用水.绿化用水 green belt sprinkling ,green plot sprinkling 对市政绿地等所需用的水. 2> 净水构筑物的术语及其涵义应符合下列规定:净水构筑物 purification structure 以去除水中悬浮固体和胶体杂质等为主要目的的构筑物的总称.投药 chemical dosing 为进行水处理而向水中加一定剂量的化学药剂的过程.混合 mixing 使投入的药剂迅速均匀地扩散于被处理水中以创造良好的凝聚反应条件的过程.凝聚 coagulation 为了消除胶体颗粒间的排斥力或破坏其亲水性,使颗粒易于相互接触而吸附的过程.絮凝 flocculation A、完成凝聚的胶体在一定的外力扰动下相互碰撞、聚集以形成较大絮状颗粒的过程.曾用名反应. B、高分子絮凝剂在悬浮固体和胶体杂质之间吸附架桥的过程. 自然沉淀 plain sedimentation 不加注任何凝聚剂的沉淀过程.凝聚沉淀 coagulation sedimentation 加注凝聚剂的沉淀过程.凝聚剂 coagulant 在凝聚过程中所投加的药剂的统称.助凝剂 coagulant aid 在水的沉淀、澄清过程中,为改善絮凝效果,另设加的辅助药剂.沉沙池沉砂池desilting basin ,grit chamber 去除水中自重很大、能自然沉降的较大粒径沙粒或杂粒的水池.预沉池 pre-sedimentation tank 原水中泥沙颗粒较大或浓度较高时,在进行凝聚沉淀处理前设置的沉淀池.平流沉淀池 horizontal flow sedimentation tank 水沿水平方向流动的沉淀池. 液面负荷 surface load 在沉淀池、澄清池等沉淀构筑物的净化部分中,单位液水面积所负担的出水流量.其计量单位通常以m3/m2.h表示. 气浮池 floatation tank 运用絮凝和浮选原理使液体中的杂质分离上浮而去除的池子. 清水池 clear-water reservoir 为贮存水厂中净化后的清水,以调节水厂制水量与供水量之间的差额,并为满足加氯接触时间而设置的水池.3> 输配水管网的术语及其涵度应符合下列规定:扩展内容配水管网 distribution system ,pipe system 将水送到分配管网以至用户的管系.环状管网pipe network 配水管网的一种置形式,管道纵横相互接通,形成环状.枝状管网 branch system 配水管网的一种布置形式,干管和支管分明,形成树枝状.三、水处理术语排水制度 sewer system 在一个地区内收集和输送废水的方式.它有合流制和分流制两种基本方式.合流制 combined system 用同一种管渠分别收集和输送废水的排水的方式.分流制 separate system 用不同管渠分别收集和输送各种污水、雨水和生产废水的排水的方式.生活污水 domestic sewage ,domestic wastewater 居民中日常生活中排出的废水.工业废水 industrial wastewater 生产过程中排出的水.它包括生产废水和生产污水.生产污水polluted industrial wastewater 被污染的工业废水.还包括水温过高,排入后造成热污染的工业废水.生产废水 non-polluted industrial wastewater 未受污染或受轻微污染以及水温稍有升高的工业废水.城市污水 municipal sewage ,municipal wastewater 排入城镇污水系统的污水的统称.在合流制排水系统中,还包括生产废水和截留的雨水.水体自净 self-purification of water bodies 河流等水体在自然条件的生化作用下,有机物降解,溶解氧回升和水体生物群逐渐恢复正常的过程.一级处理 primary treatment 去除污水中的漂浮物和悬浮物的净化过程,主要为沉淀. 二级处理 secondary treatment 污水经一级处理后,用生物处理方法继续除去污水不胶体和溶解性有机物的净化过程.生物处理 biological treatment 利用微生物的作用,使污水中不稳定有机物降解和稳定的过程.活性污泥法 activated sludge process 污水生物处理的一种方法.该法是在人工充氧条件下,对污水和各微生物群体进行连续混和培养,形成活性污泥.利用活性污泥的生物凝聚、吸附和氧化作用,以分解去除污水中的有机污染物.然后使污泥与水分离,大部分污泥再回流到曝气池,多余部分则排出活性污泥系统.生物膜法 biomembrance process 污水生物处理的一种方法.该法采用各种不同载体,通过污水与载体的不断接触,在载体上繁殖生物膜,利用膜的生物吸附和氧化作用,以降解去除污水中的有机污染物,脱落下来的生物膜与水进行分离.初次沉淀池 primary sedimentation tank 污水处理中第一次沉淀的构筑物,主要用以降低污水中的悬浮固体浓度.二次沉淀池 secondary sedimentation tank 污水生物处理出水的沉淀构筑物,用以分离其中的污泥.生物滤池 biological filter ,trickling filter 由碎石或塑料制品填料构成的生物处理构筑物.污水与填料表面上生长的微生物膜间歇接触,使污水得到净化.生物接触氧化 bio-contact oxidation 由浸没在污水中的填料和人工曝气系统构成的生物处理工艺.在有氧的条件下,污水与填表面的生物膜反复接触,使污水获得净化.曝气池 aeration tank 利用活性污泥法进行污水生物处理的构筑物.池内提供一定污水停留时间,满足好氧微生物所需的氧量以及污水与活性污泥充分接触的混合条件.污泥和污泥处理的术语及其涵义符合下列规定:原污泥 raw sludge 未经污泥处理的初沉污泥、二沉剩余污或两者的混合污泥. 初沉污泥primary sludge 从初次沉淀池排出的沉淀物.二沉污泥 secondary sludge 从二次沉淀池排出的沉淀物.活性污泥 activated sludge 曝气池中繁殖的含有各种好氧微生物群体的絮状体.消化污泥 digested sludge 经过好氧消化或厌氧消化的污泥,所含有机物质浓度有一定程度的降低,并趋于稳定.回流污泥 returned sludge 由于次沉淀池或沉淀区分离出来,回流到曝气池的活性污泥.剩余污泥 excess activated sludge 活性污泥系统中从二次沉淀池或沉淀区排出系统外的活性污泥.污泥气 sludge gas 在污泥厌氧消化时,有机物分解所产生的气体.主要成分为甲烷和二氧化碳,并有少量的氢、氮和硫化氢.俗称沼气.污泥消化 sludge digestion 在有氧或无氧条件下,利用微生物的作用,使污泥中有机物转化为较稳定物质的过程.好氧消化 aerobic digestion 污泥经过较长时间的曝气,其中一部分有机物由好氧微生物进一步降解和稳定的过程.厌氧消化 anaerobic digestion 在无氧条件下,污泥中的有机物由厌氧微生物进行降解和稳定的过程.中温消化 mesophilic digestion 污泥在温度为33℃-35℃时进行的厌氧消化工艺.高温消化 thermophilic digestion 污泥在温度为53℃-55℃时进行的厌氧消化工艺.污泥浓缩 sludge thickening 采用重力或气浮法降低污泥含水量,使污泥稠化的过程.污泥脱水 sludge dewatering 对浓缩污泥进一步去除一部分含水量的过程,一般指机械脱水.污泥真空过滤 sludge vacuum filtration 利用真空使过滤介质一侧减压,介质的污泥脱水方法.污泥压滤 sludge pressure filtration 采用正压过滤,使污泥水强制滤过介质的污泥脱水方法.污泥干化 sludge drying 通过渗滤或蒸发等作用,从污泥中去除大部分含水量的过程,一般指采用污泥干化场床等自然蒸发设施.污泥焚烧 sludge incineration 污泥处理的一种工艺.它利用焚烧炉将脱水污泥加温干燥,再用高温氧化污泥中的有机物,使污泥成为少量灰烬.工程中物理量的术语及其涵度应符合下列规定:生化需氧量 biochmical oxygen demand 水样在一定条件下,于一定期间内一般采用5日、20℃进行需氧化所消耗的溶解氧量.英文简称BOD.化学需氧量 chemical oxygen demand 水样中可氧化物从氧化剂重铬酸钾中所吸收的氧量.英文简称COD.耗氧量 oxygen consumption 水样中氧化物从氧化剂高锰酸钾所吸收的氧量.英文简称OC 或CODMn .悬浮固体 suspended solid 水中呈悬浮状态的固体,一般指用滤纸过滤水样,将滤后截留物在105℃温度中干燥恒重后的固体重量.英文简称SS.。
环境工程 专业词汇
Hazardous=harmful 有害的;Hazardous substance 有害物质(区别于有毒物质toxic substance)Dumping:倾倒Contaminated=polluted 污染的;相关词汇Contaminants=pollutants, 污染物Contamination=pollution 污染manufacturing facilities 工厂;企业By-products 副产品impounding reservoir 蓄水库impounding 集水的impounding damAquifer 蓄水层;地下含水层early industrial period :工业化时代的早期Percolation 渗透Percolation process 渗滤法;渗滤工艺Sewer 下水道sewage 废水(主要指城市生活污水,注意和wastewater 区别)Prior to,在..之前Few if any,如果有..也很少Account for解释waste chemical:化工废料fresh water:the water in rivers and lakes which contain almost no salt, 淡水;Solvent 溶剂haphazardly, 随意的,胡乱的; makeshift excavations :临时挖掘的坑洞; Porous underground formations:有着丰富空隙的地下土层; Aquifers:地下含水层EPA(Environmental Protection Agency) 环保署;clean up 清理;in power:当权;Have insight into 洞悉,了解; Enforcement:强制执行;严厉执行To render recovery uneconomical; Technically 技术上In most cases:多数情况下makeshift dumps sites临时废物堆放点Complexity复杂程度, 复杂性; Populated areas居住区=residential areas/belt/district;Vicinity临近old sides指那些过去的垃圾堆放点As of:从…起;在…时;截至on/at e.g. as of 31 December 2006 Abuses :弊端,滥用;Brought about :带来…were compounded by 和..交织在一起;Unlikely:不太可能的Quantitative a. 定量的;Qualitative : a. 定性的Speciation or characterization 表征Toxicological adj. 毒物学的;Deface ;v. 损伤…外貌(外观);Esthetic depreciation 美感下降;Depreciate v.折旧;贬低;轻视;Unpleasant odors 难闻气味;Methodology 方法学;方法论;In question 上述;Impact analysis 影响分析;Philosophical 哲学的;理性的;Discernible a.可鉴别的;Discern v 觉察;鉴别;依稀看见Authenticity真实性;Heterogeneity 多相性Involves:包括;Performance:执行;完成;实行detail 资料;in question 述及的;adsorbed onto the surface of a particle 吸附在粒子表面;chemical form 化学形态Realistic 实事求是的, 现实的, 实际的; in the case of 假使,如果;Toxicological hazard 毒害;Further 较远的(时间、空间、程度);进一步的Visibility 可见度,能见度;Perception 感知;Sophisticated 复杂的,先进的Meaningful 有意义的;Point of view观点,视角;As follows:如下Word point:Toxicological effect 毒理效应;biological measurement 生物测定spot check 现场检测,现场检查;Approximate 近似的;大约的V itally 极其的,紧要的;Due to :由于,因为Authenticity (真实性)Detection limits(检测限)Precision and accuracy(精确度和准确度)State of matter(物质状态)Environmental effect(环境效应)Designate 指明,指出;Adsorb 吸附(Note:absorb,吸收)Chemical element 化学元素;Chemical compound 化合物Chemical form 化学形态;Specify 指定;详细说明;Specification详述;说明书Condensed phase凝聚相;Condensed state 凝聚态;Where :连词,在…地方;在…情况下Toxicological effect 毒理效应;biological measurement 生物测定V egetation :植被;植物(总称)Primary air:一次污染物Lead :铅;leaded 含铅的leaded gasoline含铅汽油Emit :排放;discharge 排放Stagnation ;停滞;迟钝;萧条Pesticides, 杀虫剂pest 害虫;有害物Herbicides 除草剂herb 药草Beryllium 铍;Cadmium镉Primary air pollutants一次大气污染物secondary air pollutant二次大气污染物Emit :排放;discharge 排放Heavily populated cities 人口稠密的城市;Geographic location 地理位置Susceptible(to sb/sth):易受影响的;敏感的threshold levels :临界值,临界浓度;Solely:独自,完全Synergy=synergism 原意:协同;配合,指协同作用Biological magnification 生物放大Sulfur oxides :硫的氧化物;Sulfur dioxide 二氧化硫;Sulfur trioxide 三氧化硫;Nitrous oxide =laughing gas 一氧化二氮N2O;Nitric oxide =nitrogen monoxide NO Nitrogen dioxide NO2 Hydrogen元素氢Hydrocarbons 烃;碳氢化合物Methane 甲烷,沼气;butane 丁烷;benzene 苯Hydro –词头,意思:1 水的;水力的2 氢的例:hydro-engineering水利工程;hydrology 水文学;hydraulics 水力学;hydrolysis 水解;hydraulic model 水力模型Photochemical oxidants 光化学氧化剂Photochemical smog 光化学烟雾Peroxyacylnitrates 硝酸过氧化乙酰类;aldehydes:醛类Particulates颗粒;颗粒物Droplet小滴;水珠Soot煤灰;Asbestos 石棉;Metallic particle 金属粒子Salt spray盐雾spray喷雾sprayer 喷雾器Sulfate 硫酸盐Inorganic compounds 无机化合物Hydrogen fluoride氟化氢;Fluoride 氟化物Hydrogen sulfide ;Ammonia 氨,氨水;Nitric acid 硝酸;sulfur acid 硫酸Pesticides, 杀虫剂pest 害虫;有害物Herbicides 除草剂herb 药草;Alcohols 酒精;Radioactive substances 放射性物质Tritium 氚;氘deuterium;Fossil fuel 化石燃料Nuclear power plants(核发电厂NPP)Asphalt 沥青;Baghouse:布袋Be laden with充满,携带;Compartment 单元Cupola 化铁炉;Hopper 漏斗Fiberglass 玻璃纤维;Spiral螺旋的Packed tower填料塔;Granular bed filter 颗粒层过滤器Kiln 窑;Liquid film 液膜The dew point 露点Scruber 洗涤器Cyclones 旋风除尘Particulate emissions :颗粒物排放Fabric Filter 织物过滤器;布袋过滤器Wet scrubber 湿式洗涤;Electrostatic precipitators 静电除尘器Granular bed and panel bed filter 颗粒层除尘器(原理)Charged droplet scrubbers(简称CDS)带电水滴湿式除尘器(原理)Cyclonic collectors 旋风集尘器;旋风除尘器Conically呈圆锥形的;Conic 圆锥;conical锥形的Shaped成型;V essels 容器Tangentially 1无关的;不沾边的,离题的Tangentially argument 2切线的;正切的Spiral path 螺旋形路径;Centrifugal forces离心力;Periphery外围Cyclone separator 旋风分离器Diameter 直径;multitube 多管式Pressure drops 压力降;Asphalt plant 沥青厂inches of water 英寸水柱1英寸水柱=249帕斯卡Plugging 堵塞;Alfalfa dehydrators 紫花苜蓿脱水机(器)Milling :碾磨;Detergent manufactures 清洁剂制造厂Tubular 管状的;Woven weave 的过去分词;编织;纺织Synthetic fabric 合成纤维织物;Fiberglass 玻璃纤维Upstream 逆流地Periodically 周期性的Collecting hopper 灰斗hopper :1.跳跃者;跳虫(尤指跳蚤、蚱蜢等) 2.料斗, 送料斗;底卸式船或车; 贮液槽e.g. sludge-collecting hopper 贮泥斗Air-to-cloth ratio 气布比——即过滤速度Inlet dust loadings 入口粉尘浓度;Dew point 露点所谓露点是指空气或其它气体中水蒸气达到饱和而结露时的温度. grain 格令=0.065 gram 克Precleaning device 预清除装置;Pre-预.. Pretreatment 预处理;preheating 预热High energy scrubbers 高能洗涤器;Spray towers 简单喷雾塔Packed towers 填充塔;填料塔;Impingements plate towers 冲击式板式塔Water requirements 需水量;耗水量Gal. =gallon 加仑1加仑=4.55升(英)=3.785升(美)ft3=cubic feet 立方英尺;Incinerators 焚化炉;fertilizer manufacturing 肥料制造lime kilns 石灰窑;iron foundries铸铁厂V enturi 文丘里式(洗涤器)converging-diverging duct section 收缩-扩大管段Draft fan 引风机;In conjunction with 与…协同;与…一起pulp mills 纸浆厂;foundry cupolas 铸造厂化铁炉collection efficiency 集尘效率;除尘效率=collection efficiency of particulates settling ponds 沉淀池;沉降池;澄清池Saturate 浸透,使饱和;Plume 羽毛,羽状物,烟缕Steam plume 水汽;Trapping 诱捕;捕获Precipitate v 猛抛, 使陷入, 促成, 使沉淀n 沉淀物Precipitator 沉淀器;吸尘器Precipitable substance 可沉淀物质Precipitation 沉淀;降水;降雨量precipitation curve /precipitation coefficient precipitation agent/ precipitation intensityelectrostatic precipitation 静电沉淀;静电除尘Gas cleaning 气体净化;particle-laden gas 带粒气流electrostatic field;grounded collection surface 接地捕集表面high voltage electrode 高压电极;high voltage discharge 高压放电opposite polarity 异性极;neutralized 中和,平衡,中立化electrical chargi ng 充电;带电;荷电Epidemic 流行(的),传染(的)Epidemic disease Algae 藻类Algae bloom 藻类过度繁殖;藻华,水华A Prediction of Blue-green Algae Bloom 蓝藻水华的预测bioremediation Unsightly 难看得sightly 好看的Outfalls 排水口,下水道跌落出口;河口,渠口Runoff径流;径流量Sewage 污水,废水;Organic and inorganic 有机的;无机的Microorganisms =microbe微生物;Bacteria =bacterium细菌Protozoa 原生动物门,原生动物类;Protozoan /protozoon 原虫,原生动物Proto –前缀,表示“原,原始,最初”之意Pathogen(=pathogenic organism )病原菌,病原体Patho- 前缀,表示“痛苦,疾病之意”;Pathology 病理学;pathological 病理学的Pathogenic 致病的;pathogenesis 病因,发病机理Tuberculosis 结核,肺结核;Acclimate 适应环境;服水土(驯化,适应)Intestine. adj n . 内部的;(解、动) 肠Filter 过滤;Categorize=Categorise 分类Category 种类,范畴;Chlorides and sulphates 氯化物和硫酸盐Arsenic 砷;Cyanide 氰化物cyanic 氰的,含氰的cyanic acid Cholera epidemic 霍乱流行(about history of cholera epidemic and public healthy)Fishing areas 渔区;Recreational waters 娱乐性水体Following 在..以后;Urban density 城市密度Mid-seventies 70年代中期;Imprecise 不严密的;不精确的Polluting material 污染物质;Algae promoting 促进藻类生长的=Algae-promoting H 2O:H-two-O hydrogen oxide ;polar ice caps 极地冰帽Suspended and dissolved 悬浮的和溶解的;Dilute solutions Mg /L milligram per liter Thrive 兴旺生长;a vast array of 大量的Biological processes 生物学方法,生物过程;End products 终产物;最终产品Waterborne bacterial diseases 水传染细菌性疾病;viral diseases 病毒性疾病;病毒病infectious hepatitis传染性肝炎;protozoan-caused dysentery原生动物引起的痢疾public use公用;standard practice 标准做法Total solids(SS)全固体;固体总量;总固体环境监测:总残渣;水污染控制:总固体Residues 残渣;残留物Remainder 剩余物Dissolved solids (DS)溶解性固体环境监测:可滤残渣Protein 蛋白Suspended solids(SS )悬浮性固体环境监测:不可滤残渣(悬浮物)Differentiation 区别;差别;区分;差别化Differentiate :recognize or show two things are not the same 区别;区分;辨别Difference n the way in which two people or things are not like each other 差别;差异;不同之处filtered and unfiltered 滤过的和未经滤过的V olatile matter 挥发性物质;Wastewater strength 废水浓度Carbohydrates 碳水化合物;糖类Hydrate n 水化物v 与水化合hydrate water 结合水;hydrate of lime 熟石灰;hydrate of sodium烧碱Hydrated水化的hydratedion 水合离子;hydrated proton 水合质子;hydrated oxide 氢氧化物Domestic sewage 生活污水Sinks 洗涤槽;Bathing 洗澡;Laundering 洗烫(衣物)launder 洗涤Laundry 洗衣店Money laundering Oxidizable material可氧化物质Stable end products稳定的终产品Oxygen requirements of wastewater 废水需氧量Bacteria =bacterium细菌COD :chemical oxygen demand 化学需氧量BOD:biochemical oxygen demand 生化需氧量Water pollution control 水污染控制Process performance 工艺性能Be proportional to 与……成比例的Biological oxidation 生物氧化(作用)Indefinitely 不确定Ultimate BOD 最终BOD cyanic acidColloidal 胶体的Colloid 胶体;胶态;胶质Colloid/ Colloidal chemistry 胶体化学Miscellaneous debris Miscellany 杂物,杂记Miscellanist 杂文作家Miscellaneous 混杂的,多才多艺的Sanitary 卫生的;环境卫生的Sanitation:卫生;环境卫生;Sanitary condition 卫生条件;Sanitary standard 卫生标准;Sanitary installation 卫生设备Sanitary science 环境卫生学;environmental hygieneSanitary sewage 生活污水Premise 前提;假定;Premises 房屋建筑及附属场地;营业场所Network of sewer pipes下水道管网Combined piping 合流管道;Combined piping network 合流管网Combined system(雨污)合流系统Overflow溢流Overflow pipe溢流管;Overflow rate 溢流率;Overflow well溢流井Primary Treatment初级处理;一级处理Secondary Treatment二级处理Tertiary or “Advanced” Treatments三级或高级处理Screen 筛网Grinding mechanism 碾碎装置Remaining treatment period 余下的处理时间setting chambers 沉淀池Up to this point 某种程度上Tricking filter 滴滤池Trickle :flow or to make sth flow slowly in a thin stream 滴;淌;小股流淌Appetizing 引起食欲的,开胃的Tricking filtration 滴滤;Tricking filtration bed 滴滤床;Unappetizing 难吃的,倒胃口的Appetite食欲,胃口;Activated sludge process 活性污泥法Biosolid 生物固体Aeration tank 曝气池;曝气槽;Aerator 曝气器;Aerate v 充气,曝气Aeration n 曝气;Aerated tricking filter 曝气滴滤池;Aeration basin 曝气池;Aeration coefficient 曝气系数;Aerating system 曝气系统;Sedimentation tank 沉淀池;Sedimentate 沉淀,沉降Bacteria-laden sludge 带有细菌的污泥Metabolize 代谢,分解Protozoa 原生动物Secondary consumers 二级消费者steady-state conditions 恒定条件;稳态条件Effluent 流出物;流出的废水;Effluent charge 排污费;Effluent data 排出水数据;流出物数据;Effluent-quality standard出水水质标准;污水排放标准Effluent standard排放标准Open waters 开阔水面;地表水Let alone 更不用说Disinfection 消毒Chlorination1氯化2加氯处理,加氯消毒;Chlorine/Chloride/ Chlorination氯/氯化物/氯化,加氯消毒;Chlorinator 加氯机Permanganate 高锰酸Manganese (元素)锰Manganate 锰酸盐Manganate ion 锰酸盐离子Ozone 臭氧Osmosis 渗透作用Osmotic 渗透的Membrane 膜Impermeable 不能透过的Permeable 能透过的Equilibrium平衡Concentrated 浓缩的,高浓度的Squeezed through 挤过Feast 享受;n 宴席Replenish :to make sth full again by replacing what has been used 补充;重新装满Allow me to replenish you glass. Downstream/upstream 下游地(的)/向上游地,逆流地Putrefaction腐烂;腐败Putrefy:vdecay and smell very bad腐烂;腐解Putrefactive 腐败性的Putrefactive bacteria腐败菌Fermentation 发酵;发酵作用;Ferment 酵素;酶Fermenting tank 发酵池;化粪池;Eutrophic 富营养的;发育正常的Trophic 营养的;有关营养trophi 口器;口部Autotrophic 自养的;heterotrophic 异养的Eu- 前缀,表示“良好, 优, 善,真”之义eugenics(优生学) Fishery 渔场;渔业;Fishery conservation zone 渔业资源保护Fishery water 渔业用水Seepage 渗漏;渗出;Seep v渗出Seepage loss:渗漏损失Seepage lake:渗漏湖;Ocean liner 海轮Seepage pressure 渗流压力;渗透压力Seepage velocity渗流速度Polystyrene聚苯乙烯Outbound驶往国外的Dissolved oxygen (DO)溶解氧Photosynthesis by the vegetation植物的光合作用Instead. adv 代替,顶替;反而;却Be used up 被耗尽Repurify 再纯化;再次变得洁净Space v留间隔;隔开Densely polluted areas 严重污染地区Appear muddily bluegreen 呈现处污浊的蓝绿色Stink from putrefaction and fermentation 由于腐败发酵而散发恶臭Residence time 停留时间hydraulic residence time 水力停留时间Epi 前缀,在…上面Epiorganism 附生生物;epizoic 体外寄生的Epilimnion表水层Be proportional to 与……成比例的Limnic湖泊的limnic淡水的Water pollution control 水污染控制Process performance 工艺性能Ultimate BOD 最终BOD Biological oxidation 生物氧化(作用)Indefinitely 不确定;Hypolimnion 均温层;深度缺氧区;湖底滞水带hypo- 前缀,表示下,次,低,少,减退之意,e.g. hypothermal 低温的;降温的Hypothesis 假设;hypofunction 功能不良,机能衰退;hypochloric acid Recharge (地下水)补给;回灌Purification 净化Percolates into 渗入到Blocking large solid particles 阻挡住大的土壤颗粒Dissolves mineral matter out of the soil and rockIn rare instances极少情况Dental cavities 牙洞Dental 牙齿的,口腔的Dental heath 口腔卫生Dental fluorosis 牙氟中毒Residential : 住宅的;居住的Facility : 环境;设备Motel 汽车旅馆Fabrication 生产,加工Demolition 拆除,推翻Encompass 围绕;包围;包含Refuse 垃圾;废物Offensive 令人不快的;讨厌的Manure 粪肥Combustible 容易着火燃烧的Ferrous 含有铁的Incinerator 焚化炉Catch-basin 雨水井Dispose of 处置;处理Slaughter 屠宰Along with 与…一起Functional elements 功能元件;Function(al)功能(的),机能(的),官能(的)Along with data on composition and rates of generation连同(它们)的成分及产生速度方面的资料Functional groups官能团;Functional disease 官能症;机能性疾病Functional localization 功能定位Land use and zoning 土地利用与区划all-inclusive 包括一切的;总括的;泛泛的Setting :the place at which sth happen; a set of surroundings 环境;背景In another setting 在另一环境中Interchangeably 可交换地,可替代的;Interchangeable 可交换的Putrescible adj 易腐烂的,n 易腐烂的东西Offensive odors 恶臭Cafeterias and restaurants 自助餐厅和饭馆Wholesale and retail stores and markets:批发和零售的商店和市场Institutional facilities 公共机构场所Combustible and noncombustible易燃的和不易燃的Excluding除掉Textile纺织品Leather皮革Crockery 陶器Garden trimming花园的修剪tin cans /aluminum cans 锡罐和铝罐Fine, powdery materials 细小的粉末物质ferrous and other nonferrous metals 黑色金属和有色金属(含铁金属和非铁金属)Incinerator 焚化炉,焚化装置Institutions , and industrial and municipal facilities 公共机构、工业和市政设施Remodel 重新塑造,改造,改建Demolition and Construction Wastes 拆卸和建筑废料;建筑垃圾Plaster 石膏Lumber 废旧家具Plumbum =lead 铅Razed buildings and other structures 拆毁的大楼和其它建筑物Shingle 墙面板,屋顶板catch-basin 截流井(雨水口);Plumbing(卫生)管道设备;铅垂测量;Plumb 垂直;铅垂;Plumber 管子工,水暖工Sweeping n 清扫,垃圾adj 彻底的,广泛的,一概而论的litter containers 废物箱;垃圾箱Catch (接)受器;截留;感染;捕捉Catch-water basin (channel)集水池(槽)Catch-water drain 截留管;截水沟Nonspecific diffuse sources 非特异性的分散的废物来源Recurring event 重复发生的事件V ine crops 蔓生作物;Feedlot 牧场Inevitable:that cannot avoid or prevent不可避免的Tip v.倾倒,倾卸n 垃圾场Tipping of solid waste 垃圾场;Tipping point倾卸点,卸货站Heap n. v 堆;堆积Quarry 采石厂;Quarrying 采石;采石业Quarry engineering /equipment 采石工程/设备Purchase 购买;Off-set 补偿;Shaft : a long narrow ,usually vertical passage in a building or underground竖井;矿井elevator shaft 电梯井ventilation shaft 通风井China clay 瓷土china 瓷器Clay 粘土Bulk n 体积,大小,大批Domestic 家庭的;生活的;Domestic sewage 生活污水Pulverization 磨碎Pulverize 研磨成粉;Pulverizer 粉碎机Pulverized coal 粉煤V ermin 有害动物(害虫;害鸟;害兽;寄生虫等);V ermicides 驱虫剂Derelict adj 荒废的;废弃的;(尤指土地房屋)Derelict land 弃耕地Low-lying 位置低的Low-lying land 低洼地Reclaim 1 开垦2 再生,回收3 改良;驯养Reclaimable waste 可再利用废物Reclaimed water 回收水;Reclamation of paper ;Reclaim and reuse wastewater 废水回用;Reclaimed rubber 再生橡胶Putrefaction 腐烂;腐败(作用);Putrefy (使)腐烂;(使)化脓;Putrescible 易腐烂的Putrefactive 腐烂的;腐败的Augment 增大,加大Aerobic 需氧的;有氧的Anaerobic 厌氧的Aerobic /Anaerobic biological process 好氧/厌氧生物处理Aerobic /Anaerobic respiration 好氧/厌氧呼吸Whereby =by which;because of which 借以;由此;由于this is an aerobic biological process whereby micro-organisms convert organic matter into a more stable material.Batch 1 a number of people or things that are dealt with as a group 一批;批2 分批Batch process 1 批处理2 分批工艺,分批法Batch production 分批生产;间歇生产Batch method 分批处理法;Batch filter 间歇过滤器Batch system 间歇式系统;分批式系统SBR(sequence batch reactor )Sequence Batch Reactor Activated Sludge Process 间歇式(序批式)活性污泥工艺,简称SBRConditioner 调节者;调节器;调节剂,调理剂Air conditioner 空调soil conditioner 土壤调理剂Inorganic/organic Conditioner 无机(有机)调理剂Nutrient adj 营养的n 养分;Nutrition 营养;营养学;Nutrient balance 养分平衡,营养平衡;Nutrient deficiency 养分缺乏;Nutrient cycle 养分循环Reluctance 不情愿;勉强Horticulturist 园艺家;Horticulture 园艺;Horticultural 园艺的;Horticultural plant 园艺植物;Horticultural crop 园艺作物Deficient adj 缺乏的Deficiency n 缺乏,不足V itamin D deficiency disease nutrient deficiency 养分缺乏Potash 钾盐;苛性钾Potassium 元素钾Obsolescent =becoming obsolete Under the provisions 根据规定the state of becoming old-fashioned and no longer useful 将要废弃的,逐渐淘汰的Provision 供应;规定Obsolete:no longer used because sth new has been invented淘汰的;过时的Free of charge免费Stealthy偷偷的,鬼鬼祟祟的Offence 过错;犯罪,违反Empower 授权给em- 表示“使、使成为”“使处于…状态”之义Spoil heap 废土堆;废石堆[矿] 矸石堆Spoil 挖掘时产生的废土Land infill 土地填实mine shaft 矿井Landfill disposal 垃圾填埋处理Dumps 垃圾场Storage facility储存设备Mineral extractive industries 矿物开采工业Deep mined coal, china clay and ironstone深层开采煤,瓷土和铁矿石In respect of 关于Prime importance 头等重要的事情Salvage and recycling 废物利用和再循环Composting (堆肥处理;制作堆肥)An aerobic biodegradation scheme operated in a “solid state” format. To som e extent Pathological organismsOne solution to the problems of sluge disposal and solid waste management. To a large extent 在很大程度上Patho-前缀,病理的,疾病的Largely 很大程度上Resulting :作为结果产生的Farmyard manure 庭院的厩肥Bulky waste :大体积废物worn-out 穿旧的,用旧的Bedding 被褥Under the provisions 根据规定Civic Amenities Act 市政福利设施法Amenity 生活福利设施on the grounds that 由于,根据,理由是Subsonic 亚音速的;Supersonic 超音速的Pitch 音调Straightforward 简单的;易懂的Prolonged延长的;拖延的Intriguing有趣的,引人入胜的Intrigue激起…的兴趣Intrigued着迷,感兴趣Be intrigued by/to 被…迷住;对…感兴趣Rhythmic .a. 有节奏的;Rhythm节奏;韵律Attribute a quality or feature of sth属性;性质;特征Annoying烦人的Subtlety 细微,微妙;细微之处Firecracker爆竹Perception 感觉;感知Faint 微弱的Rustling沙沙响Decibel 分贝Deci- 前缀,表示十分之一;Deciliter 十分之一升;分升Decimal 十进制的,小数的;Decimal point 小数点Succession of compressions and expansions 压缩和扩张的连续发生Propagate 传播;宣传Elastic wave 弹性波Propagation n. (声波、电磁辐射等)传播Screen 筛网Grinding mechanism 碾碎装置Up to this point 某种程度上Remaining treatment period 余下的处理时间setting chambers 沉淀池Sound power 声能;声功率Frequency, wavelength, or wave speed. 频率、波长或者波速Loudness 大声,喧闹;响度;Loudness index 响度指数;Loudness level 响度级Randomly 随便的Complicate 使…..变得复杂Such is the case with 对...是常有的事Sensation 感觉Decibel meter 分贝计Abbreviated 缩写;简写Decibel scale 分贝标度Audible 听得见的Audible range 可听范围Audible threshold 可听阈值Audience 听众audio- 前缀,构成形容词,副词,表示“听,音频”之意audio button 声音按钮/audio files 声音文件/audio frequency current 音频电流Tenfold 十倍的,成十倍的adj. adv nSound level 声级Sound level meter 声级计Additive 添加的,加成的,可以相加的添加剂Sound pressure 声压Tonal quality=Tone quality 音质。
环境工程专业英语考试重点词汇
Environmentalquality环境质量Acidrain酸雨Sulfurdioxide二氧化硫Nitrogenoxide氧化氮Automobileexhausts汽车尾气Infectiousdiseases传染病Waterbornediseases通过水传播的疾病Carbondioxide二氧化碳Environmentaldisturbance环境破坏Aquaticlife水生物Detectionlimits检出限Qualitative定性的Quantitative定量的Characterization表征性能描写Unpleasantodors难闻的气味Tracellevel痕量微量Carbonoxide碳化物Carbonmonoxide一氧化碳Carbondioxide二氧化碳Sulfuroxide硫化物Sulfurdioxide二氧化硫Sulfurtrioxide三氧化硫Nitrogenoxide氮化物Nitrousoxide一氧化二氮Nitricoxide一氧化氮Nitrogendioxide二氧化氮Ethane乙烷Propane丙烷Photochemicaloxidants光氧化剂Ozone臭氧Aldehydes乙醛Sulfatesalts硫酸盐Hydrogensulfide硫化氢Ammonia氨气Sulfuracids硫酸Nitricacid硝酸Primaryairpollutant一次污染物Secondairpollutant二次污染物Biofiltration生物过滤Volatileorganiccompounds挥发性化合物Tricklingfilter滴滤器Municipalsewagetreatmentplant市政污水处理厂Wastewatertreatmentplant污水处理厂Renderingplant炼油厂Ethanol乙醇Biodegradation生物降解Bioremediation生物治理Suspendedsolid(SS)悬浮颗粒物Volatilesuspendedsolid(VSS)挥发性悬浮颗粒物Biochemicaloxygendemand(BOD)生化需氧量Heavymental重金属Domesticsewage生活废水Chemicaloxygendemand(COD)化学需氧量Sewage污水、废水Microorganism微生物Microbe微生物Bacteria(复数)Bacterium(单数)细菌Oxidizer氧化剂Oxidant氧化剂Dissolvedoxygen溶解氧Residencetime停留时间Eutrophiclake富营养化的湖泊Sanitarysewage生活污水Aerationtank曝气池Sedimentationtank沉淀池Eutrophication富营养化Adsorption吸附Activatedcarbon活性炭Activatedsludge活性污泥Coagulation絮凝、凝固Flocculation混凝Sedimentation沉淀、沉积Hydrophilic亲水的、吸水的Oxidizingagent氧化剂Reverseosmosis反向渗透Membrane膜Groundwater地下水Surfacewater地表水Aluminumsulfate硫酸铝Screening(用拦污栅)隔离Turbidity浊度,浑浊性Colloidal胶体Chlorinedioxide二氧化氯Ultravioletlight紫外线Limestone石灰石Incinerator焚烧炉Hazardouswaste危险废物Refuse垃圾、废物Environmentalprotectionagency环保部Hydrogensulfide硫化物Decontamination净化,消除……的污染Aerobic需氧的Anaerobic厌氧的Decibelmeter分贝仪Subsonic亚声速的Supersonic超声速的Muffler消声器Ecologicaldisruptions生态破坏Aquaticecosystem水环境系统Environmentalimpactassessments环境影响评价Kinetics动力学Steady-state稳态的Pointsourcedischarge点源排放Receivingwater收纳水体Nitrogenoxide氮氧化物Photochemicaloxidant光化学氧化剂Carbonmonoxide一氧化碳Coliformbacteria大肠杆菌。
测量学专业英语词汇.docx
测量学专业英语词汇工程测量engineering survey施工平面图construction plan施工测量construction survey测量控制网surveying control network平面控制网(又称“水平控制网” )horizontal control network高程控制网vertical control network施工方格网square control network方格网点point of square control network校核基点checking datum mark起测基点starting datum mark主轴线测设setting-out of main axis 建筑轴线测量building axis['aeksis] survey [sa^'ve]平面控制点horizontal [,har9'zant!] control point高程控制点vertical ['vytik!] control point平面坐标horizontal coordinate控制测量control survey高程控制测量vertical control survey控制点control point导线点traverse ['traevys] point水准网leveling ['kvalir]] network水准测量leveling高程点elevation [.Ela'vefan] point地形测量topographic survey初测preliminary survey定测location survey线路平面图route plan三边网trilateration network边角网triangulateration network导线网traverse networt三边测量trilateration survey边角测量tri angu 1 at erat i on导线测量traverse survey闭合导线closed traverse附合导线connecting traverse支导线open traverse水平角horizontal angle垂直角vertical angle建筑工程测量building works survey测站station照准点sighting point斜距slope distance平距horizontal distance放样测量setting—out survey定线测量alignment survey距离测量distance measurement电磁波测距electro一magnetic distance measurement标准检定场standard field of length光电测距导线EDM traverse小三角测量minor triangulation线形锁linear triangulation chain线形网linear triangulation network导线边traverse leg导线折角traverse angle导线结点junction point of traverses导线角度闭合差angle closing error of traverse 导线全长闭合差total length closing error of traverse导线相对闭合差relative length closing error of traverse 导线纵向误差longitudinal error of traverse导线横向误差lateral error of traverse坐标增量increment of coordinate坐标增量闭合差closing error in coordinate increment前方交会[forward] intersection后方交会resection边角交会法linear-angular intersection边交会法linear intersection 复测法repetition method附合水准路线annexed leveling line闭合水准路线closed level ing 1 ine支水准路线spur leveling line 视线高程elevation of sight独立交会高程点elevation point by independent intersection高程导线height traverse严密平差rigorous adjustment近似平差approximate adjustment典型图形平差adjustment of typical figures工程控制网engineering control network施工控制网construction control network变形观测控制网control network for deformation observation 竣工测量finish construction survey大比例尺地形图large scale topographical map小比例尺地形图small scale topographical map直角坐标网rectangular gnid独立坐标系independent coordinate system变形观测deformationobservation位移观测displacement observation沉降观测settlement observation挠度观测deflection observation倾斜观测oblique observation, tilt observation管道测量pipe survey工厂现状图测量survey of present state at industrial site建筑物沉降观测building subsidence observation地下管线测量underground pipeline survey顶管测量underground pipe-driving survey管道综合图synthesis chart of pipelines视准线法collimation line method线路中线测量center line survey, location of route。
环保行业常用专业词汇词典
环保行业常用专业词汇词典一、专业词汇名词解释(一)环保业务分类1、环境监测环境监测是通过对影响环境质量的污染因子及反映环境质量的环境因子的测定,评价环境质量(或污染程度)现状,并预测其变化趋势。
环境监测的目的是准确、及时、全面地反映环境质量现状及发展趋势,为环境评价、环境管理、污染源控制、环境规划等提供科学依据。
具体可以概括为以下几方面:(1)根据环境质量标准,评价环境质量。
(2)根据污染物的时空分布情况,追踪寻找污染源,为实现监督管理、控制污染提供依据。
(3)收集本底数据,积累长期监测资料,为预测预报环境质量、研究环境容量、实施总量控制、目标管理提供数据。
(4)为开展环境科学研究提供科学依据。
(5)为保护人类健康、保护环境、合理使用自然资源、制定环境法规、标准、规划服务。
环境监测的分类:(1)按监测目的分类:监视性监测:监视性监测又称为例行监测或常规监测,一般指按照国家或地方有关技术规定,对制定的有关项目进行定点的、定期的、长时间的监测,以确定环境质量及污染源状况、评价控制措施的效果,衡量环境标准实施情况和环境保护工作的进展。
常规监测包括对污染源的监督监测(污染物浓度、排放总量、污染趋势等)和环境质量监测(所在地区的空气、水体、噪声、固体废物等监督监测),这是监测工作中量最大面最广的工作,因此建立全国性的自动化监测网络是发展的趋势。
自动监测(或者可以称为在线自动监测)是利用一系列在线自动分析仪器及各种自动测量技术等技术实现的实时监测,可以有效地减轻常规监测的工作量。
研究性监测:研究性监测又称科研监测,是针对特定目的的科学研究而进行的高层次的监测。
特定目的监测:特定目的监测又称为特例监测或应急监测。
根据特定的目的,可分为以下四种:A、污染事故监测:在发生污染事故时进行应急监测,以确定污染物的种类和危害程度、扩散方向、扩散速度和危及范围,为控制污染提供依据。
这类监测常采用流动监测(车、船等)、简易监测、低空航测、遥感等手段。
环境监测术语小词典
环境监测术语小词典环境质量:所谓环境质量,是指一个具体的环境中,环境总体或其某些要素对人群健康、生存和繁衍以及社会经济发展适宜程度的量化表述。
环境质量通常要通过选择一定的指标(环境指标)并对其量化来表达。
自然灾害、资源利用、废物排放以及人群的规模和文化状态都会改变或影响一个区域的环境质量。
污染源:污染源是指造成环境污染的污染物发生源,通常指向环境排放有害物质或对环境产生有害影响的场所、设备、装置或人体。
按属性可分为天然污染源和人为污染源。
天然污染源指自然界自行向环境排放有害物质或造成有害影响的场所,如正在活动的火山。
人为污染源是指人类社会活动所形成的污染源。
后者是环境保护研究和控制的主要对象。
按排放污染的种类,可分为有机污染源、无机污染源、热污染源、噪声污染源、放射性污染源和同时排放多种污染物的混合污染源等。
按污染的主要对象,可分为大气污染源、水体污染源和土壤污染源等。
按人类社会功能,可分为工业污染源、农业污染源、交通运输污染源和生活污染源等。
控制污染源是防治环境污染、改善环境质量的根本。
环境背景值:环境背景值亦称环境本底值。
是指自然环境未受污染的情况下,各种环境要素的化学元素或化学物质的基线含量。
它反映环境质量的原始状态。
在各地区,由于自然物质构成与自然发展史的不同,各种与生命有关的化学物质在自然环境中的背景含量也不同。
即不同的地区有不同的背景值。
该值对于开展区域环境质量评价,进行环境污染趋势预测预报,制定环境标准,工农业生产合理布局等,有着重要意义。
目前,在全球环境受到污染冲击的情况下,要寻找绝对不受污染的背景值,是非常难做到的。
因此,环境背景值实际上只是一个相对的概念,只能是相对不受污染情况下,环境要素的基本化学组成。
污染物:进入环境后使环境的正常组成和性质发生直接或间接有害于人类的变化的物质叫污染物。
污染物分为自然形成的和人类活动产生的两种。
环境科学研究的主要是人类生产和生活排放的污染物。
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环境工程专业本科生高频词块能力测量
一、词块的概念和定义
二、研究现状
国内的词块研究近十年间取得很大进展,研究主题涉及词块的界定和功能、词块使用、词块能力的测量、词块教学、词块与辞典编撰和研究综述。
研究方法以基于语料库的方法为主,趋向于使用实证方法。
其中二语词块习得的研究成果逐渐增多,如二语词块能力与语言综合能力及具体语言技能之间均具有显著的正相关[5](刁琳琳,2004);二语词块能力与二语写作水平存在显著相关关系[6](丁言仁、戚焱,2005);中国学生在二语限时写作中目标词块的使用与英语本族语者还存在较大差距[7](马广惠,2009)。
目前对词块的实证研究多以考察搭配的产出性能力为主,较少涉及词块的接受性知识。
国内涉及外语学习者词块能力测量的文章尚不多见。
语块能力的测量研究主要采用调查方法,通过对学习者语块水平的测试,研究他们的语块能力及其与二语水平的关系。
此类研究数量较少,在语块研究中处于边缘地位。
语块能力包括语块的接受性能力和产出性能力。
接受性能力测试多采用选择题和判断题,而产出性能力测试则采用翻译题和完形填空题[8]。
(黄燕,王海啸,2011)。
黄强(2002)以80名通过了英语专业四级考试的本科三年级学生为研究对象,设计了动名词搭配能力测试卷,发现词汇搭配能力与语言综合能力显著相关,搭配黏合力的强弱对搭配的习得有显著影响。
[9]刁琳琳(2004)设计了包括接受性知识和产出性知识的词块能力测试卷,以解放军外国语学院英语专业一、四年级的280名本科生为受试,通过实证研究探讨了词块能力和语言水平的关系。
[5]
三、研究设计
(一)研究对象。
本研究的研究对象为某高校环境工程专业一年级两个自然班的56名学生,由同一教师授课。
(二)研究问题。
(1)某大学56名大一环境工程专业学生的词块能力现状如何?(2)不同班级、不同性别的学生的词块能力是否存在显著差异?(3)学生的词块能力与其总体语言水平是否显著相关?
(四)测试工具。
词块能力测试旨在考察受试对词块的接受性能力和产出性能力。
测试题目设计参照《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》,满分为90分,测试时间为30分钟。
测试分成两部分,第一部分为15道英译汉题目,主要考察接受性能力。
该部分题目均为单句,以尽量减少受试利用语境对词义做出推测的可能性,同时也避免选择题可能造成的盲目猜测。
批改时目标词块翻译正确得3分,意思相近得2分,完全错误或空白得0分。
第二部分为15道汉译英题目,主要考察产出性能力。
批改时目标词块出现得3分,近义词块得2分,错误词块或空白得0分。
语言水平测试选用四级真题,所有受试均未参加过四级考试或做过四级试卷。
本研究采用四级测试结果作为受试语言水平的数据。
词块能力测试和语言水平测试均安排在第二学期后期,分别收到有效试卷56份。
测试时告知学生结果记入平时成绩,以期提高重视程度。
四.结果与讨论
(一)词块能力现状。
词块能力测试的平均成绩与预期及格成绩差异不大,如表1所示。
受试的词块总体能力和产出性能力略低于预期成绩,词块接受性能力则略高于预期成绩。
通过单样本t检验,发现词块总体能力与预期及格成绩无显著性差异(p=.513),说明受试的整体词块掌握程度基本达到要求。
但是接受性能力(p=.009)和产出性能力(p=.002)的单样本t检验检测结果表明,它们分别与预期成绩存在显著性差异。
受试的词块接受性能力超出预期,而其产出性能力则未达到要求。
配对样本t检验表明,受试的词块接受性能力与产出性能力具有显著性差异(t=5.310,p=.000),这说明受试的词块接受性能力明显强于其产出性能力。
表1 词块能力现状的单样本t检验
(二)词块能力差异。
如表2所示,2班比1班平均分约高8.6分,2班的标准差小于1班。
这说明1班学生之间的内部差异大于2班的内部差异。
独立样本的t检验结果表明,显著性水平为0.05时,两个自然班在词块能力方面存在显著性差异(t=-3.053,p=.004)。
男生组比女生组平均分低约9.7分,男生组的标准差明显大于女生组的标准差,说明男生之间的内部差异大于女生之间的内部差异。
独立样本的t检验结果表明,显著性水平为0.05时,男生组和女生组在词块能力方面存在显著性差异(t=-2.959,p=.006)。