上海大学考研真题211英语(单)

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上海大学考研翻译硕士英语真题2015模拟题

上海大学2015年翻译硕士专业学位研究生入学考试初试模拟试题考试科目：211 翻译硕士英语Part I. (30’) Vocabulary and grammar (30’)Directions: There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET1. Mary and John are busy looking for a hotel for their wedding _____． A．meal B．snack C．refreshment D．banquet2．Mini-skirts first _____ in the 1960s． A．caught out B．caught in C．caught on D．caught up3．That outburst at the meeting was ____ of his bad temper．A．illustrative B．explanatory C．expository D．revealing4．The earthquake refugees are ____ for food and blankets．A．desirous B．ambitious C．seriously off D．badly off5．When Linda heard the good news she tried to sound casual，but her excitement was obvious．The underlined part means _____． A．uncaring B．disinterested C．without plan D．without warning6．Most Chinese people went to work by bike within living _____． A．mind B．knowledge C．memory D．scope7．The speaker was very good at ____ his ideas during the discussion．A．putting aside B．putting across C．putting back D．putting off8．The food is good at this hotel，but the ____ is poor；the waiters don’t seem to be well trained． A．maintenance B．repair C．charge D．service9． Slavery was ____ in America in the 19th century． A．abolished B．cancelled C．abandoned D．terminated10．Mercifully，I was able to complete all I had to do within a few days．The underlined part means _____. A．efficiently B．surprisingly C．fortunately D．shortly11．The boys in the dorm ____ a coin to decide who would clean the floor． A．held B．tossed C．put D．collected12．The patterns of spoken language are ____ from those of writing．A．distinct B．distinctive C．distinguished D．distinguishing13．A(n)____ shape has four straight sides at 90°to each other, two of which are much longer than the other two． A．square B．oval C．oblong D．circular14．I’d like to have a ____ word with his parents．A．peaceful B．quiet C．silent D．personal15. My boss ordered that the legal documents ____ to him before lunch． A．be sent B．were sent C．were to be sent D．must be sent16. ______with the developed countries, some African countries are left far behind interms of people’s living standard.A. CompareB. To compareC. ComparedD. Comparing17. You were silly not _____ your car.A. to lockB. to have lockedC. lockingD. having locked18. I don’t think it’s wise of you to _____ your greater knowledge in front of the director, for it may offend him.A. show upB. show outC. show inD. show off19. She didn’t go to the cinema last night, _____she had to finish her term paper.A. asB. ifC. tillD. though20. Mary tried to teach her little brother how to pronounce words ____ her teacher did.A. in much the same way likeB. with much the same way asC. in much the same way thatD. using much the same of21. By this time next year, we______ all the land into rice fields.A. had turnedB. will have turnedC. have turnedD. have been turning22. It is time we _____computers to the production of iron and steel.A. will applyB. appliedC. have appliedD. would have applied23. ____Sarah has got a well-paid job, she will no longer have to rely on her parents.A. AlthoughB. Now thatC. Even afterD. Since that24.This time next week I’ll be on vacation. Probably I____- on a beautiful beach.A. am lyingB. have lainC. will be lyingD. will have lain25. _____, we went swimming in the river.A. The day being very hotB. It was a very hot dayC. The day was very hotD. Being a very hot day26. The local government provided ___ for the homeless soon after the flood．A．possessions B．accommodations C．souvenirs D．groceries27. Any help from you will be greatly appreciated. Please give me a reply at your earliest ______.A. convenienceB. considerationC. interruptionD. imagination28— What do you think of the furniture on exhibition?— Well, great! But I don’t think much of ____ you bought．A．the one B．it C．that D．which29. Our manager, who is particular about everything, will not accept your design unless it is truly_____.A．mysterious B．considerate C．curious D．novel30.These days strange things happened ______ in the small village, which caused apanic among the villagers．A．frequently B．fluently C．regularly D．deliberatelyPart Ⅱ Reading Comprehension(15*2’+5*2’)Directions: In this section there are four passages followed by a total of 15 multiple-choice questions and 5 short answer questions. Please read the passage and answer the question on the ANSWER SHEET.TEXT ASaying“ thank you”is probably the first thing most of us learn to do in a foreign language．After all，we’re brought up to be polite，and it is important to make a good impression upon other people—especially across national divides． So．what exactly are you supposed to say when "thank you" is only the 20th most popular way to express gratitude? According to a recent survey,19 other ways of expressing appreciation finished ahead of "thank you" in a poll of 3,000 people． Pollsters found almost half of those asked preferred the more informal “cheers”，while others liked to use such expressions as “ta”, “great" and “nice one”．So，just what is the appropriate form of words to express your thanks? Fortunately, the clue is in the language itself．“Cheers”，despite its popularity，is considered an informal way to say thank you—and this is a definite clue as to when you can best use it. For instance，when going for a drink with friends，a smile and a “cheers” by way of thanks is not only appropriate to the situation，it is also culturally accurate． “Ta”，originated from the Danish word “tak”, was the second-most popular expression of thanks，and is also commonly used in informal situations，along with phrases such as “nice one”， and “brilliant”．Interestingly, one word that didn’t make it into the top 20 was “thanks”．Thank you's shorter, more informal cousin． “Thanks ”can be useful，as it is able to bridge the divide between the formality of “thank you" and the downright relaxed “cheers”. Certain words can double as an expression of thanks as well as delight．Again，the words themselves offer the clue as to when best to use them． For example，words like “awesome”，“brilliant" and “you star" featured highly in the new poll and they can hint at both your pleasure at someone's action，as well as serving to express your thanks．If you are on the receiving end of a “new” thank you，you can respond with a simple “no problem”, or “sure”． Of course，in certain circumstances，a simple wave，nod or smile may be appropriate．For instance，if a car driver slows down to let you cross the road，simply raising your hand in acknowledgement is enough to show that you appreciate the driver's consideration. Sometimes，formality is necessary, and “thank you” is still the best choice in such situations. But students should not worry about when exactly to use certain expressions． Many people in Western countries are worried that good manners are in decline．People are tired of seeing their acts of kindness and service pass without comment．So don’t think that your “thank you ”was clumsy or awkwardly formal．The chances are，if you said “thank you”，you made someone’s day．You star．1．We can tell from the results of the poll that________ A．people are unconcerned about politeness nowadays． B．“thank you” remains the best expression of gratitude． C．there is a variety of expressions of appreciation．D．there are more formal expressions than informal ones．2．Which word/phrase does NOT appear in the top 20? A．Cheers． B．Thanks． C．Brilliant． D．You star．3．According to the passage．which is an appropriate response to “awesome” or “brilliant”? A．Thanks． B．Cheers． C．Nice one． D．Sure．4．According to the passage，the way in which we express our gratitude depends on all the following EXCEPT A．gender． B．formality． C．culture． D．circumstance．5．In the last paragraph the author encourages people to _______ A．continue their acts of kindness． B．behave themselves well． C．show their gratitude to others． D．stop worrying about bad manners．TEXT B From 2007 to 2010，American households lost $l1 trillion in real estate，savings, and stocks More than half of all U．S．workers either lost their jobs or were forced to take cuts in hours or pay during the recession．The worst may be behind them now, but the shocking losses of the past few years have reshaped nearly every facet of their lives—how they live，work，and spend—even the way they think about the future． For Cindy, the recession began when her husband was relocated to Rhinelander, Wisconsin．by his company forcing the family to move in a hurry．The couple bought a new house but were unable to sell their two-bedroom home in Big Lake，Minnesota．With two mortgages(抵押借款) and two young children to care for, Cindy couldn't imagine how to stretch her husband's paycheck to keep her family fed． Then she stumbled upon an online community called Blotanical，a forum for gardeners，many with an interest in sustainability．“The more I read and discussedthese practices，the more I realized this would help not only our budget but also our health，”she says． Cindy admits that before the recession，she was a city girl with no interest in growing her own dinner．“I grew flowers mostly—I didn’t think about plants that weren’t visually interesting." But to stretch her budget，she began putting in vegetables and fruit—everything from strawberry beds to apple trees—and as her first seedlings grew，her spirits lifted．She no longer thinks of gardening and making her own jams as just a money saver；they’re a genuine pleasure．“It’s brought us closer together as a family, too，”she says．Her kids voluntarily pitch in with(主动帮助)the garden work，and the family cooks together instead of eating out．The food tastes better —it's fresher and organic —and the garden handily fulfills its original purpose：cost cutting．Now she spends about $200 to $300 a month on groceries．less than half of the $650 a month that she used to lay out． After discovering how resourceful she can be in tough times，Cindy is no longer easily discouraged．“It makes me feel proud to be able to say I made it myself, ”she says．“I feel accomplished，and I'm more confident about attempting things I've never done before．" Now she avoids convenience stores and has begun learning to knit，quilt，and make her own soap．"I don't think I would have ever begun this journey if it weren’t for the recession，”she says．“I have a feeling that from now on，it will affect my family’s health and happiness for the better．"6．We learn from the first paragraph that the recession_______ A．affected Americans in certain occupations． B．had great impact on Americans’work and life． C．had only brought huge losses in savings and stocks． D．is over with some of the losses recovered.7．What made the family's financial situation even worse was that they________ A．moved to Rhinelander in a hurry． B．had two children to raise． C．didn't know anyone in Rhinelander． D．couldn't sell their home in Big Lake．8．Which of the following statements is CORRECT? A．Cindy had seen the benefits of gardening in a different way． B．Cindy had developed a hobby of gardening before the recession． C．Cindy had already had a keen interest in sustainability． D．Cindy had already planned to meet the gardeners．9．In addition, Cindy views gardening as a genuine pleasure because gardening_______ A．helped her cut living costs almost by half． B．enabled her to make her own jams． C．built up family ties and kids’ enthusiasm． D．enabled her to know more about plants．10．What does Cindy think of the difficult times she has gone through? A．It gave the couple and their kids a tough lesson． B．It gave her confidence and optimism． C．It would come again and affect the family． D．It left a lasting psychological impact on the family．TEXT CDespite Denmark’s manifest virtues, Danes never talk about how proud they a re to be Danes. This would sound weird in Danish. When Danes talk to foreigners about Denmark, they always begin by commenting on its tininess, its unimportance , the difficulty of its language, the general small-mindedness and self-indulgence of their countrymen and the high taxes. No Dane would look you in the eye and say, “Denmark is a great country.” You’re supposed to figure this out for yourself.It is the land of the silk safety net, where almost half the national budget goes toward smoothing out life’s inequalities, and there is plenty of money for schools, day care, retraining programmes, job seminars-Danes love seminars: three days at a study center hearing about waste management is almost as good as a ski trip. It is a culture bombarded by English, in advertising, pop music, the Internet, and despite all the English that Danish absorbs—there is no Danish Academy to defend against it —old dialects persist in Jutland that can barely be understood by Copenhageners. It is the land where, as the saying goes,“ Fe w have too much and fewer have too little, ”and a foreigner is struck by the sweet egalitarianism that prevails, where the lowliest clerk gives you a level gaze, where Sir and Madame have disappeared from common usage, even Mr. and Mrs. It’ s a nation of recyclers—about 55 % of Danish garbage gets made into something new— and no nuclear power plants. It’s a nation of tireless planner. Trains run on time. Things operate well in general.Such a nation of overachievers — a brochure from the Ministry of Business and Industry says, “Denmark is one of the world’s cleanest and most organize d countries, with virtually no pollution, crime, or poverty. Denmark is the most corruption-free society in the Northern Hemisphere. ”So, of course, one’s heart l ifts at any sighting of Danish sleaze: skinhead graffiti on buildings(“Foreignrs Out of Denmark! ”), broken beer bottles in the gutters, drunken teenagers slumped in the park.Nonetheless, it is an orderly land. You drive through a Danish town, it comes to an end at a stone wall, and on the other side is a field of barley, a nice clean line: town here, country there. It is not a nation of jay-walkers. People stand on the curb and waitfor the red light to change, even if it’s 2 a.m. a n d there’s not a car in sight. However, Danes don’ t think of themselves as a w ai nting-at-2-a.m.-for-the-green-light people——that’s how they see Swedes and Germans. Danes see themselves as jazzy people, improvisers, more free spirited than Swedes, but the truth is( though one should not say it)that Danes are very much like Germans and Swedes. Orderliness is a main selling point. Denmark has few natural resources, limited manufacturing capability; its future in Europe will be as a broker, banker, and distributor of goods. You send your goods by container ship to Copenhagen, and these bright, young, English-speaking, utterly honest, highly disciplined people will get your goods around to Scandinavia, the Baltic States, and Russia. Airports, seaports, highways, and rail lines are ultramodern and well-maintained.The orderliness of the society doesn’t mean that Danish lives are less messy or lonely than yours or mine, and no Dane would tell you so. You can hear plenty about bitter family feuds and the sorrows of alcoholism and about perfectly sensible people who went off one day and killed themselves. An orderly society c an not exempt its members from the hazards of life.But there is a sense of entitlement and security that Danes grow up with. Certain things are yours by virtue of citizenship, and you shouldn’t feel bad f o r taking what you’re entitled to, you’re as good as anyone else. The rules of the welfare system are clear to everyone, the benefits you get if you lose your job, the steps you take to get a new one; and the orderliness of the system makes it possible for the country to weather high unemployment and social unrest without a sense of crisis.11. The author thinks that Danes adopt a ___ attitude towards their country.A. boastfulB. modestC. deprecatingD. mysterious12. Which of the following is NOT a Danish characteristic cited in the passage?A. Fondness of foreign culture.B. Equality in society.C. Linguistic tolerance.D. Persistent planning.13. The author’s reaction to the statement by the Ministry of Business and Industry is ___.A. disapprovingB. approvingC. noncommittalD. doubtful14. According to the passage, Danish orderliness ___.A. sets the people apart from Germans and SwedesB. spares Danes social troubles besetting other peopleC. is considered economically essential to the countryD. prevents Danes from acknowledging existing troubles15. At the end of the passage the author states all the following EXCEPT that ___.A. Danes are clearly informed of their social benefitsB. Danes take for granted what is given to themC. the open system helps to tide the country overD. orderliness has alleviated unemploymentTEXT D"Museum" is a slippery word. It first meant (in Greek) anything consecrated to the Muses: a hill, a shrine, a garden, a festival or even a textbook. Both Plato's Academy and Aristotle's Lyceum had a mouseion, a muses' shrine. Although the Greeks already collected detached works of art, many temples - notably that of Hera at Olympia (before which the Olympic flame is still lit) - had collections of objects, some of which were works of art by well-known masters, while paintings and sculptures in the Alexandrian Museum were incidental to its main purpose.The Romans also collected and exhibited art from disbanded temples, as well as mineral specimens, exotic plants, animals; and they plundered sculptures and paintings (mostly Greek) for exhibition. Meanwhile, the Greek word had slipped into Latin by transliteration (though not to signify picture galleries, which were called pinacothecae) and museum still more or less meant "Muses' shrine". The inspirational collections of precious and semi-precious objects were kept in larger churches and monasteries - which focused on the gold-enshrined, bejeweled relics of saints and martyrs. Princes, and later merchants, had similar collections, which became the deposits of natural curiosities: large lumps of amber or coral, irregular pearls, unicorn horns, ostrich eggs, fossil bones and so on. They also included coins and gems - often antique engraved ones - as well as, increasingly, paintings and sculptures. As they multiplied and expanded, to supplement them, the skill of the fakers grew increasingly refined. At the same time, visitors could admire the very grandest paintings and sculptures in the churches, palaces and castles; they were not "collected" either, but "site-specific", and were considered an integral part both of the fabric of the buildingsand of the way of life which went on inside them - and most of the buildings were public ones. However, during the revival of antiquity in the fifteenth century, fragments of antique sculpture were given higher status than the work of any contemporary, so that displays of antiquities would inspire artists to imitation, or even better, to emulation; and so could be considered Muses' shrines in the former sense. The Medici garden near San Marco in Florence, the Belvedere and the Capitol in Rome were the most famous of such early "inspirational" collections. Soon they multiplied, and, gradually, exemplary "modern" works were In the seventeenth century, scientific and prestige collecting became so widespread that three or four collectors independently published directories to museums all over the known world. But it was the age of revolutions and industry which produced the next sharp shift in the way the institution was perceived: the fury against royal and church monuments prompted antiquarians to shelter them in asylum-galleries, of which the Musee des Monuments Francais was the most famous. Then, in the first half of the nineteenth century, museum funding took off, allied to the rise of new wealth: London acquired the National Gallery and the British Museum, the Louvre was organized, the Museum-Insel was begun in Berlin, and the Munich galleries were built. In Vienna, the huge Kunsthistorisches and Naturhistorisches Museums took over much of the imperial treasure. Meanwhile, the decline of craftsmanship (and of public taste with it) inspired the creation of "improving" collections. The Victoria and Albert Museum in London was the most famous, as well as perhaps the largest of them.16. What does the sentence "Museum is a slippery word" in the first paragraph means?17. Where did the idea that museum could mean a mountain or an object originates from?18. In the fifteenth century, why were fragments of antique sculpture given higher status than the work of any contemporary? 19. What did modern museums come into existence for?20. When did the museum funding begin to take off?Part Ⅲ WRITING (30’)Some people simply see education as going to schools or colleges, or as a means to secure good jobs; most people view education as a lifelong process. In y ouropinion, how important is education to modem man?Write a composition of about 400 words on the following topic:　EDUCATION AS A LIFELONG PROCESSIn the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement, and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.　Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Write your essay on the ANSWER SHEET参考答案：partⅠ Vocabulary and grammar(30’)1-5 DCADA 6-10 CBDAC 11-15 BACBA16-20CBDAC 21-25 BBBCA 26-30 BAADAPart Ⅱ Reading Comprehension(40’)1.[C]2.[B]3.[D]4.[A]5.[C]6.[B]7.[D]8.[A]9.[C]10.[B]11.[B]12.[A]13.[D]14.[C]15.[D]16 It means that the word had changed over the years.17 The Romans18. As a result, the displays of antiquities would inspire artists to imitation, or even better, to emulation; and so could be considered Muses' shrines in the former sense.19. In order to protect royal and church treasures.20. In the first half of the nineteenth centuryPart Ⅲ WRITING(30’)(略)。

上外考研英语真题

上外考研英语真题作文IntroductionIn recent years, the examination for postgraduate studies in English at Shanghai International Studies University (SISU) has become increasingly competitive. Many students strive to pass the exam, known as the "SISU examination," in order to pursue their academic dreams. This article aims to delve into the characteristics of the SISU English postgraduate entrance exam and provide some tips for success.Section 1: Overview of the SISU English Postgraduate Entrance ExamThe SISU English postgraduate entrance exam is renowned for its rigorousness and comprehensive content. It consists of four sections: listening comprehension, reading comprehension, translation, and essay writing. Each section requires candidates to demonstrate their English proficiency and analytical skills.Section 2: Strategies for Listening ComprehensionListening comprehension is a challenging section for many test-takers. To improve scores in this section, candidates can employ the following strategies:1. Familiarize yourself with various English accents and practice listening to different recordings.2. Focus on understanding the main idea rather than individual details.3. Take notes while listening to help retain information and facilitate answering questions.4. Practice timed mock tests to enhance speed and accuracy.Section 3: Approaches for Reading ComprehensionReading comprehension tests the ability to comprehend and analyze written passages. Here are some approaches candidates can use to improve their performance in this section:1. Skim the passage first to get a general understanding of the topic and main points.2. Pay attention to keywords and their synonyms or antonyms.3. Make use of context clues to deduce the meaning of unfamiliar words.4. Practice summarizing and paraphrasing the main ideas of the passages.Section 4: Key Tips for TranslationThe translation section assesses candidates' ability to transfer meaning accurately between English and Chinese. To excel in this section, consider the following suggestions:1. Enhance vocabulary and grammar skills in both languages.2. Pay attention to the context and register of the original text in order to choose appropriate equivalents.3. Practice translating various types of texts, such as formal documents, news articles, and literary works.4. Review common translation errors and learn from them to avoid making similar mistakes.Section 5: Techniques for Essay WritingThe essay writing section evaluates candidates' ability to express opinions and arguments in English. To excel in this section, consider the following techniques:1. Practice different types of academic writing, such as argumentative essays, descriptive essays, and persuasive essays.2. Develop a clear and logical structure for your essay, including an introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion.3. Use appropriate vocabulary and grammar to convey your ideas effectively.4. Revise and proofread your essay to correct any spelling or grammatical errors.ConclusionThe SISU English postgraduate entrance exam is challenging but not insurmountable. By understanding the exam structure and employing effective strategies, test-takers can enhance their performance and increase their chances of success. Remember to practice regularly, seek feedback, and stay confident throughout the preparation process. Good luck to all aspiring candidates!。

2012年上海大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题(回忆版)

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2012年上海大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题(回忆版)第一项：30 个选择题主要是语法，词汇的选择题较少,2：1 左右。

语法选择题不是很难，词汇没有生僻的，比较常见。

第二项：阅读题passage 1 和passage 2，是选择题。

各5 题passage 1 是关于一篇考古挖掘的技巧的问题，没什么生词，篇幅较短，答案文中可以直接或者间接找到Passage 2 是一篇关于美国印第安某部落的文字形成的历史的问题，就是这篇比第一篇长点，同样不是很难。

Passage 3 和passage 4 是问答的形式同样是 5 题。

Passage 4 是关于美国社会各阶层的英语实用习惯，文中都有答案，只是最后一题有点paraphrase 的意思，自己语言走总结。

第三项：写作。

话题是interview ，有人认为interview 是不错的招聘人才的手段，有的人反对interview 作为选人的手段。

说说你自己的观点和理由，题目自拟，字数400以上内容为跨考网整理的翻译硕士考研知识点，如果同学还想获得更多翻硕考研资料，可以关注跨考翻硕微信公众平台索取翻硕考研资料。

加入我们的翻硕考研交流群还可获得超强院校专业信息、每日打卡监督学习、研究生学长答疑，不定期奖励活动等。

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上海大学英语专业考研真题

上海大学英语专业考研真题上海大学英语专业考研真题作为中国著名的高等学府之一，上海大学的英语专业考研一直备受瞩目。

每年，成千上万的学子为了能够获得这个学府的录取通知书而努力奋斗。

而这其中，英语专业考研无疑是最为热门的一个专业。

那么，究竟上海大学英语专业考研真题是怎样的呢？首先，我们需要了解一下上海大学英语专业考研的考试科目。

一般来说，上海大学英语专业考研的考试科目包括英语综合、英语翻译和英美文学。

其中，英语综合是这个考试的核心科目，也是考生们最为关注的科目之一。

在这个科目中，考生需要展示自己的英语听、说、读、写和译的能力。

而英语翻译则是考察考生对英语的翻译能力和应用能力。

最后，英美文学则是考察考生对英美文学作品的理解和分析能力。

对于上海大学英语专业考研的真题，我们可以通过多种途径来获取。

首先，我们可以通过上海大学的官方网站来获取真题。

在这个网站上，我们可以找到往年的考试真题和答案。

通过仔细研究这些真题，我们可以了解到考试的难度和出题的方向。

其次，我们还可以通过参加一些培训班来获取真题。

在这些培训班中，老师会根据往年的真题来进行教学，帮助学生更好地备考。

最后，我们还可以通过与已经考过上海大学英语专业考研的学长学姐交流来获取真题。

他们可以分享自己的备考经验和真题，帮助我们更好地备考。

那么，上海大学英语专业考研的真题究竟是怎样的呢？根据往年的真题分析，上海大学英语专业考研的真题主要包括选择题、填空题、翻译题和作文题。

其中，选择题和填空题主要考察考生对英语语法、词汇和阅读理解的掌握程度。

翻译题则主要考察考生对英语翻译的能力和应用能力。

作文题则主要考察考生的写作能力和观点表达能力。

这些题目既有难度适中的题目，也有难度较大的题目。

因此，考生们在备考的过程中需要做好充分的准备。

对于上海大学英语专业考研的真题，我们需要注意一些备考的技巧。

首先，我们需要合理安排备考时间。

备考时间的合理安排可以帮助我们更好地掌握知识点和提高解题速度。

上海交大考研英语真题

上海交大考研英语真题Since its establishment in 1896, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) has been at the forefront of higher education in China. As one of the oldest and most prestigious universities in the country, SJTU attracts thousands of students each year, with many aspiring to pursue postgraduate studies. One of the crucial aspects of the postgraduate admissions process is the English language examination, which tests the applicants' proficiency in reading, writing, listening, and speaking. In this article, we will explore the SJTU postgraduate English exam, its format, and some tips for success.The SJTU postgraduate English exam is designed to evaluate the applicants' English language abilities and determine their suitability for postgraduate studies. The exam consists of four sections: reading comprehension, listening comprehension, writing, and oral examination. Each section assesses different skills and requires a specific approach for effective performance.The reading comprehension section is designed to assess the applicants' ability to understand and analyze academic texts. It includes multiple-choice questions, where candidates must choose the correct answer based on their understanding of the given passage. To excel in this section, it is essential to develop excellent reading skills, such as skimming and scanning, and to pay attention to key details and main ideas.The listening comprehension section evaluates the applicants' ability to comprehend spoken English in various academic contexts. It includes multiple-choice questions, where candidates listen to audio clips and must select the correct answer based on what they hear. To succeed in this section,it is crucial to practice listening to a wide range of English speakers, such as TED Talks, podcasts, and academic lectures, to become accustomed to different accents and speech patterns.The writing section requires candidates to express their ideas clearly and concisely in written form. It typically includes tasks such as summarizing a given passage, writing an argumentative essay, or analyzing a given topic. To excel in this section, candidates must develop strong writing skills, such as organizing their ideas effectively, using appropriate vocabulary and grammar, and presenting a coherent and well-structured piece of writing.The oral examination section assesses the applicants' ability to communicate effectively and fluently in English. It typically includes tasks such as giving a presentation on an assigned topic, engaging in a discussion or debate, or answering interview-style questions. To succeed in this section, candidates must practice speaking English regularly, improve their pronunciation and intonation, and be confident in expressing their thoughts and opinions.In addition to understanding the format of the SJTU postgraduate English exam, it is essential for applicants to prepare thoroughly to maximize their chances of success. Here are some tips to help candidates prepare effectively:1. Start Early: Give yourself enough time to prepare for the exam. Begin practicing as soon as possible to improve your skills gradually.2. Take Practice Tests: Familiarize yourself with the exam format by taking practice tests. This will help you understand the types of questions and tasks you will encounter, as well as identify areas for improvement.3. Develop a Study Plan: Create a study plan and stick to it. Allocate specific time slots for each section of the exam and focus on improving your weaknesses while maintaining your strengths.4. Expand Your Vocabulary: Enhance your vocabulary by reading extensively. Read a variety of texts, including newspapers, magazines, academic articles, and novels, to expose yourself to different writing styles and vocabulary.5. Seek Feedback: Practice your writing and speaking skills regularly and ask for feedback from teachers, peers, or English language professionals. This will help you identify areas for improvement and refine your language abilities.6. Stay Calm and Confident: On the day of the exam, stay calm and confident. Take deep breaths, read the instructions carefully, and approach each section with a positive mindset.In conclusion, the SJTU postgraduate English exam plays a vital role in the admissions process for aspiring postgraduate students. By understanding the exam format and preparing effectively, candidates can increase their chances of success and pave the way for their academic journey at Shanghai Jiao Tong University.。

上海大学英语考试2

Vocabulary and structure1.It’s none of your business, you have no right to ______.a. disturbb. interferec. interruptd. obtain2.I wish I could give you the ______ to your problems.a. conclusionb. answerc. endd. reply3.To ______ greater accuracy, all invoices will be double-checkedbefore leaving the office.a. confirmb. insurec. assured.ensure4.Peter showed her his draft of the report, and ______ hersuggestion.a. appealedb. requiredc. askedd.demanded5.Can you ______ the truth of his statementa. denyb. refusec. declined.reject6.We finally ______ an agreement after a lot of hard bargaining.a. arrivedb. didc. reachedd. drove7.It takes years to ______ as a doctor.a. qualifyb. practicec. completed.pass8.I don’t really know how to ______ the problem.a. set inb. tacklec. coped.draw9.He said he couldn’t ______ to retire from work and live only onhis pension.a. riskb. affordc. acceptd.depend10.It is ______ of you to turn down the TV while your sister is stillill in bed.a. concernedb. carefulc. considerated. considerable11.It is important that you ______ to the dean before leaving foryour vacation.a. speakb. spokec. have spokend.are speaking12.It’s about time people ______ notice of what women did duringthe war.a. tookb. takec. have takend.will take13.I’d have come with you ______ I am so busy.a. except forb. provided thatc. but thatd. solong as14.I wish you ______ me yesterday.a. tellb. could tellc. would telld. had told15.I failed in my new job. If only I ______ my parents.a. listened tob. had listened toc. have listened tod. would listen to16.I’d rather you ______ those important documents with you.a. not takeb. don’t takec. won’t taked. didn’t take17.But for your help we ______ late.a. would beb. would have beenc. had beend.were18.I left as though we ______ each other for years.a. have knownb. knewc. had knownd.would have known19.I’d rather you ______ me a new one instead of having it repairedas you did.a. had givenb. have givenc. gaved.giving20.It is time the kids ______.a. go to badb. went to bedc. have gone to bedd. had gone to bed1.Although trees and land have been ______, the animals aredisappearing.a. insuredb. ensuredc. securedd.assured2.Hunting is thought to be ______ for the extinction of somewildlife.a. responsibleb. blamedc. chargedd.denounced3.It so ______ that two men were caught in the act of huntingwildlife in Daxinganling.a. occurredb. happenedc. took placed.arose4.People have done a lot in stopping the loss of wildlife habitat,which is expected to ______ the slaughter.a. endb. finishc. completed.achieve5.The problems such as deforestation and population explosion were______ at an earlier time than animal hunting.a. forecastb. foreseenc. estimatedd.expected6.The rising slaughter ______ a formidable challenge for the nextcentury.a. sumsb. amountsc. addsd.increases7.The ______ cause of the rapid growth of population is attributedto the uncontrolled birthrate.a. underlyingb. essentialc. elementald.basic8.______ logging roads is thought to be helpful for protectingwildlife.a. Clearingb. Closingc. Closing offd. Clearing up9.Seeds are ______ in the forest to grow into trees.a. sprayedb. spreadc. spilledd.splashed10.Tigers are suffering from lack of ______, which are being killedby humans.a. insectsb. pestsc. preysd.beasts11.Selling furs of wildlife can ______ a lot of money.a. bring inb. bring outc. bring aboutd. bring up12.By 2020, the silent dawn ______ in those forests, where animalsare largely gone.a. is occurringb. occursc. occurredd.could be occurring13.By hunting, we are losing the animals that make the forests______.a. functionb. functioningc. functionedd. have functioned14.Conservationists are struggling to protect a natural worldreeling from ______ threats as population growth, deforestation and pollution.a. sob. suchc. thosed.these15.______ to the recent research, some cigarette smokers arebecoming health-conscious.a. Respondb. Respondedc. Respondingd. Having been responded16.People sell the hunted wildlife ______ food or medicine.a. forb. toc. atd.with17.Daylight ______ the small village.a. breaks outb. breaks intoc. breaks ond.breaks down18.I don’t know why he complains about his low salary all the time.He doesn’t earn as ______ as I do.a. lessb. fewc. littled. more19.It was in 1985 ______ a hole in the ozone layer over the Antarcticwas noticed.a. whichb. wherec. whend.that20.Every week, a staggering 10 000 square kilometers of tropicalrainforest are ______.a. cut offb. cut upc. cut outd.cut down1.Peter was ______ diligent than Jack because both of them failedthe final examination.a. no lessb. not muchc. no mored. notmore2.Only when you have obtained sufficient data ______ come to a soundconclusion.a. can youb. would youc. you wouldd. youcan3.“Hurry up, or the tickets ______ out by the time we get there.”a. will have been soldb. will sellc. have soldd. have been sold4.Human beings are superior to animals ______ they can use languageto communicate.a. for thatb. with whichc. in thatd. to which5.The atmosphere of the earth is ______ the moon.a. much denser thanb. much denser than that ofc. more dense thand. more dense than those of6.The children went there to watch the iron tower ______.a. erectb. erectingc. erectedd.being erected7.Bats begin their flight as soon as the sun begins to sink ______the horizon.a. beyondb. beneathc. belowd.down8.______ on a clear day, far from the city crowds, the mountain giveshim a sense of peace.a. When one is walkingb. If walkingc. Walkingd. While walking9.He ______ to the movies, had he known that Jane would be free.a. would gob. had gonec. will have goned. would have gone10.______, she couldn’t work out the problem at that moment.a. Clever although she wasb. As she was cleverc. She was clever, thoughd. Clever as she was11.The government is trying to do something to ______ betterunderstanding between the two countries.a. raiseb. promotec. heightend.increase12.There is not the ______ doubt about what he said.a. smallestb. slightestc. weakestd.thinnest13.At the sight of the bear, the ______ girl burst into tears.a. frightenb. frightenedc. frightfuld. frightening14.The whole village ______ to welcome the foreign visitors.a. turned outb. turned upc. turned overd.turned off15.They suspected that the secret had been ______ by one of theirfriends.a. given offb. given awayc. given upd.given out16.American women had been ______ the right to vote until 1920 aftermany years of hard struggle.a. ignoredb. deniedc. neglectedd.refused17.He stopped the car to ______ a young girl who was hitch-hikingacross Europe.a. take inb. get onc. put downd.pick up18.Though the job was hard and new to them, they ______ accomplishit in two weeks.a. managed tob. went toc. came tod.succeeded to19.She felt ______ when she saw that her children were safe from theNATO’s bombing.a. assuredb. relievedc. relaxedd.comforted20.We are advised that the equipment will be shipped here on due timewith its ______ manual.a. directionb. directivec. instructived.instructionReading comprehension1.Everywhere we’ve traveled we’ve been asked, ...... complex andvaluable mixture of individual national traditions, fashions, and beliefs.1. What’s the main idea of this passagea. Information technologies bring us into a “global village”.b. People from different cultures can share many things on the Internet.c. In spite of information technologies, different cultures remain different.d. People enjoy watching foreign shows and eating foreign foods.2. What can be inferred from the passagea. The world is going to be a “global village”which all people will enjoy.b. The assembly line is one feature of low-tech mass production society.c. People would like to share the same culture all over the world.d. Web-televiewers will enable us to set up a “global village”.3. The passage implies that ______.a. technological and social change always brings about change in culture.b. culture always bring about technological and social changec. technological and social change never brings about change in cultured. culture never bring about technological and social change4. The passage suggests that high-tech developments bring about______.a. more influence on culture in a developed society than in adeveloping oneb. less influence on culture in a developed society than in adeveloping onec. as great an influence on culture in a developed society asin a developing oned. no influence on culture at all in either a developed or adeveloping society5. Which of the following statements is not true according to thepassagea. IT enables people to get easy access to foreign cultures.b. People in different cultures have different ideas ofaccepting different cultures.c. Disney is an example of a combination of different cultures.d. There won’t be a “global village”.2.In some place cars are forbidden in city centers altogether. ……how often they have driven into the city center.1. Where do people have to share a car if they want to go to thecity centera. In Hong Kong.b. In Florencec. In Singapore.d. In Britain.2. The Park and Ride scheme in Britain aims at ______.a. limiting cars entering the city centerb. improving the public transport systemc. providing more buses in the city centerd. setting up a computer-based traffic system3. The government of the Netherlands is especially interested in building cycle paths, for ___.a. many people have bikesb. cycle paths are convenient to buildc. the country is very flatd. it wants to save money4. In the city center of Florence ______.a. cars are allowed only at nightb. cars are forbidden altogetherc. people walk in the morning and eveningd. people are fined if they use cars5. The best title for the passage would be ______.a. Ways to Save moneyb. Using Cars but Not Bikesc. Walking in the City Centerd. Problems of Using Cars3.One of the most unusual graduation speakers of the 1983commencement season was not a person at all. ...…but you won’t forget a robot.”1. Robot Redford’s speech was discussed in this article mainlybecause ______.a. it was politicalb. it was controversialc. it was interestingd. it was insensitive2. Which of the following statements is NOT truea. Robot Redford was a talking machine.b. Robot Redford walked to the stage by itself.c. Robot Redford graduated from a college in Maryland.d. Robot Redford made a graduation speech in 1983.3. Which of the following statements can be supported by thepassagea. A robot was designed to let humans decrease theirproductivity.b. Everybody at the commencement was pleased with thearrangement.c. Robot Redford was the brainchild of William Bakaleinikoff.d. Robot Redford’s speech was too difficult to understand.4. According to the passage, an amplified voice is a voice which______.a. comes from the designerb. sounds moreattractivec. is unnatural to human earsd. is made louder5. We can infer from the passage that Robot Redford was at thecommencement is order to ______.a. make the commencement more successfulb. lessen the chair’s workload to deliver the commencementaddressc. display the advantages of the new inventiond. remind people of the need for cooperation with technology4.The game of golf has become more popular each year. ……Together,they already cover an area about the size of Belgium.1. The sandy soil ______.a. can pollute natural water suppliesb. is rather poor inabsorbing chemicalsc. is the best place to build golf coursesd. can take alarge amount of fertilizer2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passagea. Golf courses consume a lot of water.b. Each year many new golf courses are built.c. There is grass growing on the golf course.d. There are many golf courses in Belgium3. We can infer from the passage that ______.a. golf courses already cover a large areab. underdeveloped areas should be protectedc. the forest near Saigon is a well protected aread. golf courses development is speeding up4. The author’s purpose in writing the passage is ______.a. to warn against the fast expansion of golf coursesb. to explain how to limit golf gamesc. to show how to protect the environmentd. to criticize golf course developers5. Golf courses may bring many problems EXCEPT ______.a. consuming much waterb. destroying naturalareasc. poisoning sandy soilsd. polluting watersupplies5.Shopping for clothes is not the same experience for a man as itis for a woman. …… Most dress shops provide chairs for the waiting husbands.1. When a man is buying clothes, ______.a. he buys cheap things, regardless of qualityb. he chooses things that others recommendc. he does not mind how much he has to pay for the tight thingsd. he buys good quality things, so long as they are not too dear2. What do men care about before they buy the new clothesa. They care about the size.b. They care about the price.c. They make sure a thing fits before they buy it.d. They make sure that the style is right.3. What does the passage tell us about women shoppers for clothesa. They welcome suggestions for anyone.b. Women rarely consider buying cheap clothes.c. Women often buy thing without giving the matter proper thought.d. They try to buy clothes for more than its real value.4. When women go on trying new clothes, their husbands ______.a. stay with them and sit on the chairs waitingb. stay and wait outside the shopc. go window shopping aroundd. go to buy something for themselves5. What is the most obvious difference between men and women shoppersa. The fact that men do not try clothes on in a shop.b. Women bargain for their clothes, but men care less about money.c. Women buy more than men.d. The time they take over buying clothes.Cloze1.Jim, from New York, was …… and didn’t know what he’d donewrong.1. a. taking b. sitting c. attendingd. holding2. a. trip b. journey c. travel d.voyage3. a. forgot b. reminded c. remembered d.recalled4. a. joking b. talking c. laughingd. approving5. a. pleased b. surprised c. depressed d.excited6. a. far b. even c. enough d.rather7. a. expected b. expects c. expecting d.expecting of8. a. But b. And c. Still d. As9. a. food b. idea c. discussion d.subject10. a. interrupted b. defeated c. concerned d.excluded2.London was originally established …… Tokyo and other majorcapitals.1. a. for b. by c. with d. of2. a. whose b. that c. which d. who3. a. position b. location c. place d.state4. a. where b. when c. that d.which5. a. usual b. ordinary c. common d.popular6. a. spoiled b. destroyed c. damaged d.injured7. a. by b. of c. from d. in8. a. looked b. saw c. regarded d.thought9. a. dropped b. failed c. decreased d.declined10. a. for b. with c. to d. as3.The dumpling of material in the world’s oceans has a longhistory. …… become increasingly important.1. a. Goods b. Objects c. Stocks d.Matters2. a. amount b. range c. variety d.collection3. a. discarding b. removing c. spreading d.dismissing4. a. stages b. bases c. fields d.platforms5. a. relieved b. sent c. freed d.released6. a. surroundings b. surrounded c. surroundingd. surround7. a. until b. for c. since d. during8. a. practiced b. arranged c. regulated d.close9. a. With b. For c. Though d. As10. a. sustainable b. preventable c. noticeabled. changeable4.Advertising is an important …… 5 billion is spent onadvertising each year.1. a. substance b. element c. subjectd. affair2. a. service b. assistance c. advantaged. duty3. a. senior b. humble c. inferior d.superior4. a. range b. amount c. sort d.variety5. a. target b. victim c. goal d.mark6. a. equipment b. instrument c. deviced. media7. a. mail b. shopping c. distribution d.sales8. a. eager b. generous c. difficult d.potential9. a. develop b. developed c. developing d.development10. a. similarly b. properly c. approximately d.relativelyTranslate (Chinese to English)1.我想和你分住这个房间。

【英语一】21考研英语一真题及解析

2021年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark[A],[B],[C] or[D]on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Fluid intelligence is the type of intelligence that has to do with short-term memory and the ability to think quickly,logically,and abstractly in order to solve new problems.It1in young adulthood,levels out for a period of time,and then2starts to slowly decline as we age.But3aging is inevitable,scientists are finding that certain changes in brain function may not be.One study found that muscle loss and the4of body fat around the abdomen are associated with a decline in fluid intelligence.This suggests the5that lifestyle factors might help prevent or6this type of decline.The researchers looked at data that7measurements of lean muscle and abdominal fat from more than4,000middle-to-older-aged men and women and8that data to reported changes in fluid intelligence over a six-year period.They found that middle-aged people 9higher measures of abdominal fat10worse on measures of fluid intelligence as the years11.For women,the association may be12to changes in immunity that resulted from excess abdominal fat;in men,the immune system did not appear to be13.It is hoped that future studies could14these differences and perhaps lead to different15for men and women.16,there are steps you can17to help reduce abdominal fat and maintain lean muscle mass as you age in order to protect both your physical and mental18.The two highly recommended lifestyle approaches are maintaining or increasing your19of aerobic exercise and following a Mediterranean-style20that is high in fiber and eliminates highly processed foods.1.[A]pauses[B]returns[C]peaks[D]fades2.[A]alternatively[B]formally[C]accidentally[D]generally3.[A]while[B]since[C]once[D]until4.[A]detection[B]accumulation[C]consumption[D]separation5.[A]possibility[B]decision[C]goal[D]requirement6.[A]delay[B]ensure[C]seek[D]utilize7.[A]modified[B]supported[C]included[D]predicted8.[A]devoted[B]compared[C]converted[D]applied9.[A]with[B]above[C]by[D]against10.[A]lived[B]managed[C]scored[D]played11.[A]ran out[B]set off[C]drew in[D]went by12.[A]superior[B]attributable[C]parallel[D]resistant13.[A]restored[B]isolated[C]involved[D]controlled14.[A]alter[B]spread[C]remove[D]explain15.[A]compensations[B]symptoms[C]demands[D]treatments16.[A]Likewise[B]Meanwhile[C]Therefore[D]Instead17.[A]change[B]watch[C]count[D]take18.[A]well-being[B]process[C]formation[D]coordination19.[A]level[B]love[C]knowledge[D]space20.[A]design[B]routine[C]diet[D]prescriptionSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing[A],[B],[C]or [D].Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1How can the train operators possibly justify yet another increase to rail passenger fares?It has become a grimly reliable annual ritual:every January the cost of travelling by train rises, imposing a significant extra burden on those who have no option but to use the rail network to get to work or otherwise.This year’s rise,an average of2.7percent,may be a fraction lower than last year’s,but it is still well above the official Consumer Price Index(CPI)measure of inflation.Successive governments have permitted such increases on the grounds that the cost of investing in and running the rail network should be borne by those who use it,rather than the general taxpayer.Why,the argument goes,should a car-driving pensioner from Lincolnshire have to subsidise the daily commute of a stockbroker from Surrey?Equally,there is a sense that the travails of commuters in the South East,many of whom will face among the biggest rises,have received too much attention compared to those who must endure the relatively poor infrastructure of the Midlands and the North.However,over the past12months,those commuters have also experienced some of the worst rail strikes in years.It is all very well train operators trumpeting the improvements they are making to the network,but passengers should be able to expect a basic level of service for the substantial sums they are now paying to travel.The responsibility for the latest wave of strikes rests on the unions.However,there is a strong case that those who have been worst affected by industrial action should receive compensation for the disruption they have suffered.The Government has pledged to change the law to introduce a minimum service requirement so that,even when strikes occur,services can continue to operate.This should form part of a wider package of measures to address the long-running problems on Britain’s railways.Yes,more investment is needed,but passengers will not be willing to pay more indefinitely if they must also endure cramped,unreliable services,punctuated by regular chaos when timetables are changed,or planned maintenance is managed incompetently.The threat of nationalisation may have been seen off for now,but it will return with a vengeance if the justified anger of passengers is not addressed in short order.21.The author holds that this year’s increase in rail passengers fares________.[A]will ease train operation’s burden[B]has kept pace with inflation[C]is a big surprise to commuters[D]remains an unreasonable measure22.The stockbroker in Para.2is used to stand for________.[A]car drivers[B]rail traverllers[C]local investors[D]ordinary tax payers23.It is indicated in Para.3that train operators________.[A]are offering compensations to commuters[B]are trying to repair ralations with the unions[C]have failed to provide an adequate source[D]have suffered huge losses owing to the strikes24.If unable to calm down passengers,the railways may have to face________.[A]the loss of investment[B]the collapse of operations[C]a reduction of revenue[D]a change of ownership25.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A]Who Are to Blame for the Strikes?[B]Constant Complaining Doesn’t Worlk[C]Can Nationalization Bring Hope?[D]Ever-rising Fares Aren’t SustainableText2Last year marked the third year in a row of when Indonesia’s bleak rate of deforestation has slowed in pace.One reason for the turnaround may be the country’s antipoverty program.In2007,Indonesia started phasing in a program that gives money to its poorest residents under certain conditions,such as requiring people to keep kids in school or get regular medical care.Called conditional cash transfers or CCTs,these social assistance programs are designed to reduce inequality and break the cycle of poverty.They’re already used in dozens of countries worldwide.In Indonesia,the program has provided enough food and medicine to substantially reduce severe growth problems among children.But CCT programs don’t generally consider effects on the environment.In fact,poverty alleviation and environmental protection are often viewed as conflicting goals,says Paul Ferraro, an economist at Johns Hopkins University.That’s because economic growth can be correlated with environmental degradation,while protecting the environment is sometimes correlated with greater poverty.However,those correlations don’t prove cause and effect.The only previous study analyzing causality,based on an area in Mexico that had instituted CCTs,supported the traditional view.There,as people got more money,some of them may have more cleared land for cattle to raise for meat,Ferraro says.Such programs do not have to negatively affect the environment,though.Ferraro wanted to see if Indonesia’s poverty-alleviation program was affecting deforestation.Indonesia has the third-largest area of tropical forest in the world and one of the highest deforestation rates.Ferraro analyzed satellite data showing annual forest loss from2008to2012—including during Indonesia’s phase-in of the antipoverty program—in7,468forested villages across15 provinces and multiple islands.The duo separated the effects of the CCT program on forest loss from other factors,like weather and macroeconomic changes,which were also affecting forest loss.With that,“we see that the program is associated with a30percent reduction in deforestation,”Ferraro says.That’s likely because the rural poor are using the money as makeshift insurance policies against inclement weather,Ferraro says.Typically,if rains are delayed,people may clear land to plant more rice to supplement their harvests.With the CCTs,individuals instead can use the money to supplement their harvests.Whether this research translates elsewhere is anybody’s guess.Ferraro suggests the importance of growing rice and market access.And regardless of transferability,the study shows that what’s good for people may also be good for the value of the avoided deforestation just for carbon dioxide emissions alone is more than the program costs.”26.According to the first two paragraphs,CCT programs aim to________.[A]facilitate health care reform[B]help poor families get better off[C]improve local education systems[D]lower deforestation rates27.The study based on an area in Mexico is cited to show that________.[A]cattle rearing has been a major means of livelihood for the poor[B]CCT programs have helped preserve traditional lifestyles[C]antipoverty efforts require the participation of local farmers[D]economic growth tends to cause environmental degradation28.In his study about Indonesia,Ferraro intends to find out________.[A]its acceptance level of CCTs[B]its annual rate of poverty alleviation[C]the relation of CCTs to its forest loss[D]the role of its forests in climate change29.According to Ferraro,the CCT program in Indonesia is most valuable in that________.[A]it will benefit other Asian countries[B]it will reduce regional inequality[C]it can protect the environment[D]it can boost grain production30.What is the text centered on?[A]The effects of a program.[B]The debates over a program.[C]The process of a study.[D]The transferability of a study.Text3As a historian,who’s always searching for the text or the image that makes us re-evaluate the past.I’ve become preoccupied with looking for photographs that show our Victorian ancestors smiling(what better way to shatter the image of19th-century prudery?).I’ve found quite a few, and—since I started posting them on Twitter—they have been causing quite a stir.People have been surprised to see evidence that Victorians had fun and could,and did,laugh.They are noting that the Victorians suddenly seem to become more human as the hundred-or-so years that separate us fade away through our common experience of laughter.Of course,I need to concede that my collection of“Smiling Victorians”makes up only a tiny percentage of the vast catalogue of photographic portraiture created between1840and1900,the majority of which show sitters posing miserably and stiffly in front of painted backdrops,or staring absently into the middle distance.How do we explain this trend?During the1840s and1850s,in the early days of photography,exposure times were notoriously long:the daguerreotype photographic method(producing an image on a silvered copper plate)could take several minutes to complete,resulting in blurred images as sitters shifted position or adjusted their limbs.The thought of holding a fixed grin as the camera performed its magical duties was too much to contemplate,and so a non-committal blank stare became the norm.But exposure times were much quicker by the1880s,and the introduction of the Box Brownie and other portable cameras meant that,though slow by today’s digital standards,the exposure was almost instantaneous.Spontaneous smiles were relatively easy to capture by the 1890s,so we must look elsewhere for an explanation of why Victorians still hesitated to smile.One explanation might be the loss of dignity displayed through a cheesy grin.“Nature gave us lips to conceal our teeth,”ran one popular Victorian maxim,alluding to the fact that before the birth of proper dentistry,mouths were often in a shocking state of hygiene.A flashing set of healthy and clean,regular“pearly whites”was a rare sight in Victorian society,the preserve of the super-rich(and even then,dental hygiene was not guaranteed).A toothy grin(especially when there were gaps or blackened gnashers)lacked class:drunks, tramps,prostitutes and buffoonish music hall performers might gurn and grin with a smile as wide as Lewis Carroll’s gum-exposing Cheshire Cat,but it was not a becoming look for properly bred persons.Even Mark Twain,a man who enjoyed a hearty laugh,said that when it came to photographic portraits there could be“nothing more damning than a silly,foolish smile fixed forever”.31.According to Paragraph1,the author’s posts on Twitter________.[A]illustrated the development of Victorian photography[B]highlighted social media’s role in Victorian studies[C]re-evaluated the Victorian’s notion of public image[D]changed people’s impression of the Victorians32.What does the author say about the Victorian portraits he has collected?[A]They are rare among photographs of that age.[B]They show effects of different exposure times.[C]They mirror19th-century social conventions.[D]They are in popular use among historians.33.What might have kept the Victorians from smiling for pictures in the1890s?[A]Their inherent social sensitiveness.[B]Their tension before the camera.[C]Their distrust of new inventions.[D]Their unhealthy dental condition.34.Mark Twain is quoted to show that the disapproval of smiles in pictures was________.[A]a deep-root belief[B]a misguided attitude[C]a controversial view[D]a thought-provoking idea35.Which of the following questions does the text answer?[A]Why did most Victorians look stern in photographs?[B]Why did the Victorians start to view photographs?[C]What made photography develop slowly in the Victorian period?[D]How did smiling in photographs become a post-Victorian norm?Text4From the early days of broadband,advocates for consumers and web-based companies worried that the cable and phone companies selling broadband connections had the power and incentive to favor their own or their partners’websites and services over those of their rivals. That’s why there has been such a strong demand for rules that would prevent broadband providers from picking winners and losers online,preserving the freedom and innovation that have been the lifeblood of the internet.Yet that demand has been almost impossible to fill—in part because of pushback from broadband providers,anti-regulatory conservatives and the courts.A federal appeals court weighed in again Tuesday,but instead of providing a badly needed resolution,it only prolonged the fight.At issue before the U.S.Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit was the latest take of the Federal Communications Commission on net neutrality,adopted on a party-line vote in2017.The Republican-penned order not only eliminated the strict net neutrality rules the FCC had adopted when it had a Democratic majority in2015,but rejected the commission’s authority to require broadband providers to do much of anything.The order also declared that state and local governments couldn’t regulate broadband providers either.The commission argued that other agencies would protect against anti-competitive behavior, such as a broadband-providing conglomerate like AT&T favoring its own video-streaming service at the expense of Netflix and Apple TV.Yet the FCC also ended the investigations of broadband providers that imposed data caps on their rivals’streaming services but not their own.On Tuesday,the appeals court unanimously upheld the2017order deregulating broadband providers,citing a Supreme Court ruling from2005that upheld a similarly deregulatory move. But Judge Patricia Millett rightly argued in a concurring opinion that"the result is unhinged from the realities of modern broadband service,"and said Congress or the Supreme Court could intervene to"avoid trapping Internet regulation in technological anachronism."In the meantime,the court threw out the FCC’s attempt to block all state rules on net neutrality,while preserving the commission’s power to pre-empt individual state laws that undermine its order.That means more battles like the one now going on between the Justice Department and California,which enacted a tough net neutrality law in the wake of the FCC’s abdication.The endless legal battles and back-and-forth at the FCC cry out for Congress to act.It needs to give the commission explicit authority once and for all to bar broadband providers from meddling in the traffic on their network and to create clear rules protecting openness and innovation online.36.There has long been concern that broadband provides would.[A]bring web-based firms under control[B]slow down the traffic on their network[C]show partiality in treating clients[D]intensify competition with their rivals37.Faced with the demand for net neutrality rules,the FCC.[A]sticks to an out-of-date order[B]takes an anti-regulatory stance[C]has issued a special resolution[D]has allowed the states to intervene38.What can be learned about AT&T from Paragraph3?[A]It protects against unfair competition[B]It engages in anti-competitive practices.[C]It is under the FCC'S investigation.[D]It is in pursuit of quality service.39.Judge Patricia Millett argues that the appeals court's decision.[A]focuses on trivialities[B]conveys an ambiguous message[C]is at odds with its earlier rulings[D]is out of touch with reality40.What does the author argue in the last paragraph?[A]Congress needs to take action to ensure net neutrality.[B]The FCC should be put under strict supervision.[C]Rules need to be set to diversify online services.[D]Broadband providers'rights should be protected.Part BDirections：In the following text,some sentences have been removed.For questions41–45,choose the most suitable one from the list A–G to fit into each of numbered blanks.There are two extra choices,which do not fit in any of the blanks.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points) In the movies and on television,artificial intelligence(AI)is typically depicted as something sinister that will upend our way of life.When it comes to AI in business,we often hear about it in relation to automation and the impending loss of jobs,but in what ways is AI changing companies and the larger economy that don’t involve doom-and-gloom mass unemployment predictions?A recent survey of manufacturing and service industries from Tata Consultancy Services found that companies currently use AI more often in computer-to-computer activities than in automating human activities.One common application?Preventing electronic security breaches, which,rather than eliminating IT jobs,actually makes those personnel more valuable to employers, because they help firms prevent hacking attempts.Here are a few other ways AI is aiding companies without replacing employees:Better Hiring PracticesCompanies are using artificial intelligence to remove some of the unconscious bias from hiring decisions.“There are experiments that show that,naturally,the results of interviews aremuch more biased than what AI does,”says Domingos.In addition,(41)One company that’s doing this is called Blendoor.It uses analytics to help identify where there may be bias in the hiring process.More Effective MarketingSome AI software can analyze and optimize marketing email subject lines to increase open rates.One company in the UK,Phrasee,claims their software can outperform humans by up to10 percent when it comes to email open rates.This can mean millions more in revenue.(42) ________________These are“tools that help people use data,not a replacement for people,”says Patrick H.Winston,a professor of artificial intelligence and computer science at MIT.Saving Customers MoneyEnergy companies can use AI to help customers reduce their electricity bills,saving them money while helping the panies can also optimize their own energy use and cut down on the cost of electricity.Insurance companies,meanwhile,can base their premiums on AI models that more accurately access risk.(43)Improved Accuracy“Machine learning often provides a more reliable form of statistics,which makes data more valuable,”says Winston.It“helps people make smarter decisions.”(44)Protecting and Maintaining InfrastructureA number of companies,particularly in energy and transportation,use AI image processing technology to inspect infrastructure and prevent equipment failure or leaks before they happen.“If they fail first and then you fix them,it’s very expensive,”says Domingos.“(45)”[A]I replace the boring parts of your job.If you're doing research,you can have AI go out and look for relevant sources and information that otherwise you just wouldn't have time for.[B]One accounting firm,EY,uses an AI system that helps review contracts during an audit.This process,along with employees reviewing the contracts,is faster and more accurate.[C]There are also companies like Acquisio,which analyzes advertising performance across multiple channels like Adwords,Bing and social media and makes adjustments or suggestions about where advertising funds will be most effective.[D]You want to predict if something needs attention now and point to where it’s useful for [employees]to go to.[E]“Before,they might not insure the ones who felt like a high risk or charge them too much,”says Domingos,“or they would charge them too little and then it would cost[the company] money.”[F]We’re also giving our customers better channels versus picking up the phone…to accomplish something beyond human scale.[G]AI looks at résumés in greater numbers than humans would be able to,and selects the more promising candidates.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)World War II was the watershed event for higher education in modern western societies.(46) Those societies came out of the war with levels of enrollment that had been roughly constant at 3-5%of the relevant age groups during the decades before the war.But after the war,great social and political changes arising out of the successful war against Fascism created a growing demand in European and American economies for increasing numbers of graduates with more than asecondary school education.(47)And the demand that rose in those societies for entry to higher education extended to groups and social classes that had not thought of attending to a university before the war.These demands resulted in a very rapid expansion of the systems of higher education,beginning in the1960s and developing very rapidly though unevenly in the1970s and 1980s.The growth of higher education manifests itself in at least three quite different ways,and these in turn have given rise to different sets of problems.There was first the rate of growth:(48) in many countries of Western Europe the numbers of students in higher education doubled within five-year periods during the decade of the1960s and doubled again in seven,eight,or10years by the middle of the1970s.Second,growth obviously affected the absolute size both of systems and individual institutions.And third,growth was reflected in changes in the proportion of the relevant age group enrolled in institutions of higher education.Each of these manifestations of growth carried its own peculiar problems in its wake.For example,a high growth rate placed great strains on the existing structures of governance,of administration,and above all of socialization.When a very large proportion of all the members of an institution are new recruits,they threaten to overwhelm the processes whereby recruits to a more slowly growing system are inducted into its value system and learn its norms and forms. When a faculty or department grows from,say,five to20members within three or four years,(49) and when the new staff are predominantly young men and women fresh from postgraduate study, they largely define the norms of academic life in that faculty and its standards.And if the postgraduate student population also grows rapidly and there is loss of a close apprenticeship relationship between faculty members and students,the student culture becomes the chief socializing force for new postgraduate students,with consequences for the intellectual and academic life of the institution—this was seen in America as well as in France,Italy,West Germany,and Japan.(50)High growth rates increased the chances for academic innovation;they also weakened the forms and processes by which teachers and students are admitted into acommunity of scholars during periods of stability or slow growth.In the1960s and1970s, European universities saw marked changes in their governance arrangements,with the empowerment of junior faculty and to some degree of students as well.They also saw higher levels of student discontent,reflecting the weakening of traditional forms of academic communities.Section IV WritingPart A51.Directions:One foreign friend of yours has recently graduated from college and intends to find a job in China.Please write an email to him/her to make some suggestions.You should write about100words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the e“Li Ming”instead.(10points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of160-200words based on the pictures below.In your essay,you should1)describe the picture briefly,2)interpret its intended meaning,and3)give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(20points)2021年答案速查表SectionⅠUse of English(10points)1.C2.D3.A4.B5.A6.A7.C8.B9.A10.C11.D12.B13.C14.D15.D16.B17.D18.A19.A20.C SectionⅡReading Comprehension(60points)Part A(40points)Text121.D22.B23.C24.D25.DText226.B27.D28.C29.C30.AText331.D32.A33.D34.A35.AText436.C37.B38.B39.D40.APart B(10points)41.G42.C43.E44.B45.DPart C(10points)46.二次世界大战以后，出现了这样的一些西方国家。