2023年初中英语语法不定式句法功能详解及典型考题分析

2023年初中英语语法不定式句法功能详解及典型考题分析
1.不定式做主语
(1)不定式的逻辑主语由引导词来引导，这类引导词最常见的是for 和of。

这一类相应的搭配有以下：absurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind, thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel, selfish, lazy, wicked, wrong。

如：
Doctors say that walking is one of the best methods for human beings to keep fit。

医生说，走路几乎是保持健康最好的方法。

It’s so considerate of to arrange the accommodation for us。

都帮我们安排了食宿，您真是考虑的太周到了。

.
(2)不定式做主语补足语：
掌握常用不定式做主语补足语的句型。

注意不定式表示的动作发生的时间，并采用相应形式。

如：be said / reported / thought / believed / known / supposed + to do sth.例如：
You were warned not to read in the strong light，cause it will hurt your eyesight。

不要在强光下看书，会伤害你的眼睛。

2.不定式做宾语
掌握要求接不定式做宾语的动词：
afford, arrange, attempt, claim, desire, determine, expect, fail, guarantee, endeavor, intend, pledge, pretend, resolve,
request, swear, tend, venture。

如：
I can’t afford to buy a house of my own now.我现在还买不起自己的房子。

3.不定式做定语
(1)被修饰的名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或next, last, only, not a, the, very等限定词时，该名词用不定式做定语。

如：He is the last human being to see a live dinosaur 他是最后一个看到活恐龙的人（哈哈，小编插一句，这也太传奇了）
(2)如果其动词要求不定式做宾语，相应的名词一般用不定式做定语。

如：
decision to do→decide to do
He made decision to do the housework=he decided to do the housework.(他决定做家务了)
不定式五大考点解析
动词不定式的构成形式为"to+动词原形"，to为动词不定式的符号，本身无意义。

一、动词不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词前面的主语位置，也可以用先行词it作形式主语，而将真正的主语(不定式)置于后面。

常见的句式有：
(1)It is +形容词(of sb)to do sth.
(2)It is +名词(for sb)to do sth.
(3)It takes sb some time to do sth.
(4)It is +形容词(for sb)to do sth.
句式(1)中常用nice， kind， clever， good， right， wrong，foolish， careless等形容词，与介词of搭配，这些形容词常表述不定式逻辑主语的属性或性质;
句式(4)中常用hard， difficult， easy， important等形容词，与介词for搭配，表示不定式表示的动作、行为的性质。

1. It's our duty _________ the room every day. A. to clean
B. cleaned
C. clean
D. cleans(甘肃省)
2. It's hard for us _________ English well. A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning(江西省)
3.建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。

It will _________ the workers over a year _________ _________ the flyover.(北京市海淀区)
4. It's very nice _________ you to get me two tickets _________ the World Cup. A. for， of B. of， for C. to， for D. of， to(安徽省)
Keys： 1. A 2. C 3. take， to， build 4. B
二、动词不定式作宾语在want， like， agree， hope， wish，learn， begin， start， seem， decide， hate， choose， forget，remember等动词后面，可以接不定式作宾语。

如果其后接形容词补足语时，则可以用it作形式宾语，而把作真正宾语的不定式放到后面。

1. He wants ______ some vegetables. A. buy B. buying C. to buy
D. buys (山西省)
2. Don't forget ______ your homework with you when you come to school. A. to bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking (福
建省)
3. He found it very difficult ______. A. sleeping B. sleeps
C. slept
D. to fall asleep (湖南省)
Keys： 1. C 2. A 3. D
三、动词不定式作宾语补足语不定式可以用作宾语补足语。

后面可以接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask， teach， expect， tell，allow等。

1.Robert often asks us ______ his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before. A. help him B. to help him with C. to help with D. helps him with (江苏省)
2.Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends ______ Chinese food. A. cook B. cooks C. to cook D. cooked (甘肃省) Key： 1. B 2. C
四、动词不定式作状语 go， come， try， do / try one's best 等动词或短语动词作谓语时，其后常常可以接不定式作目的状语。

1. She went ______ her teacher. A. to see B. looks C. saw
D. seeing (江西省)
2. Meimei likes English very much. She does her best ______ English well. A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learns (四川省)
Key： 1. A 2. C
"be +形容词+ to do sth"结构中的不定式作状语，常表示原因或方式
3. I'm sorry ______ that. A. hears B. hearing C. hear D.
to hear (河北省)
4. I'm sorry ______ you. A. trouble B. to trouble C. troubling D. troubled (吉林省)
5. My mother was very glad ______ her old friend. A. to meet
B. meet
C. met
D. meets (甘肃省) Keys： 3. D 4. B 5. A
在上述"too +形容词/副词(for sb)to do…"(太……而不能……)和"enough (for sb) to do…"(足以、足够……做……)结构中，不定式作结果状语。

6. The panda is so fat that it can't go through the hole.(改为意思相同的句子) The hole ______ ______ ______ ______ such a fat panda to go through. (广东省)
7. The ice on the lake was so thin that people couldn't skate on it. (改为意思相同的句子) The ice on the lake wasn't ______ enough ______ people ______ ______ ______. (广东省) Keys： 6. is， too， small， for 7. thick， for， to， skate，on
五、动词不定式作定语不定式作定语时，常放在被修饰的词语之后，与被修饰的词语为逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关
系;如果不定式的动词是不及物动词，其后要加上必要的介词或副词，构成的短语动词相当于及物动词。

1.Would you like something ______? A. drink B. drinking
C. to drink
D. drinks (湖北省)
2.I have a lot of homework ______. A. do B. doing C. did
D. to do (河南省)
3.He is not an easy man ______. A. get on B. to get on C. get on with D. to get on with (山东省)
Key： 1. C 2. D 3. D
典型不定式考题分析
1. All of them try to use the power of the workstation ________ information in a more effective way.
A. presenting
B. presented
C. being
presented D. to present
2. We are invited to a party ________ in our club next Friday.
A. to be held
B. held
C. being
held D. holding
3. The play________ next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.
A. produced
B. being produced
C. to be produced
D. having been produced
4. With the world changing fast, we have something new ________ with all by ourselves every day.
A. deal
B. d ealt
C. to
deal D. dealing
5. David threatened ________ his neighbour to the police if the damages were not paid.
A. to be reported
B. reporting
C. to report
D. having reported
6. Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it ________.
A. reusing
B. reused
C. reuses
D. to be reused
7. ________, the pay isn’t attractive enough, though the job itself is quite interesting.
A. Generally speaking
B. On the contrary
C. In particular
D. To be honest
8. ________ the project in time, the staff were working at weekends.
A. Competing
B. Having completed
C. To have completed
D. To complete
9. ________, you need to give all you have and try your best.
A. Being a winner
B. To be a winner
C. Be a
winner D. Having been a winner
10. The children all turned ________the famous actress as she entered the classroom.
A. looked at
B. to look at
C. to looking at
D. look at
11. Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, ________ reduce unemployment pressures.
A. help
B. t o have helped
C. to help
D. having helped
1.【解析】D。

此题考查use sth to do sth结构，意为“用……做某事”，其中的不定式为宾语补足语。

句意为：他们都试图用工作站的力量来更有效地展示信息。

又如：People use a knife to cut things. 人们用刀切东西。

The boy used the box to keep his toys in. 这男孩用这个箱子装他的玩具。

2.【解析】A。

由于party与hold之间为被动关系，所以可以首先排除选项D；再根据句中的next Friday可知，hold所表示的动词尚未发生，所以要用不定式的被动式。

又如：They were not very interested in the election to be held next month. 他们对下月举行的选举不太有兴趣。

3.【解析】C。

根据句中的next month可知，动作尚未发生，故应填不定式的被动式。

又如：Do you know anything about the
conference to be held next week? 你对下星期召开的会议有什么了解吗?
4.【解析】C。

此题考查have sth to do句式，其意为“有……要……”。

句意为：随着世界的快速变化，我们每天都要独自处理一些新的事情。

5.【解析】C。

表示威胁要做某事，threaten后习惯上接不定式，不接动名词。

又如：My secretary has threatened to leave. 我的秘书威胁说要辞职。

The farmer threatened to set his dogs on us. 那个农场主威胁着要让狗咬我们。

6.
【解析】D。

此题考查由介词for引出的不定式复合结构——for+宾语+不定式。

类似的例子如：Can you arrange for the goods to be delivered on Monday? 你能不能安排在周一把货送到?
7.【解析】D。

考查独立结构to be honest的用法，其意为“说老实话”“老实说”。

又如：To be honest, I just don’t like him. 说老实话，我就是不喜欢他。

To be honest, I don’t think we have
a chance of winning. 说实话，我认为我们没有获胜的可能。

8.【解析】D。

不定式用于句首表示目的（即用作目的状语）。

又如：To avoid any delay please phone your order direct. 为免延误，请直接打电话预订。

To gratify my curiosity, do tell me what it is. 为满足我的好奇心, 你一定得告诉我那是什么。

9.【解析】B。

不定式用于句首表示目的（即用作目的状语）。

句意为：要想获胜，你必面要倾其所有，全力以赴。

10.【解析】B。

考查不定式用作目的状语的用法——“转头”的目的是“为了看……”。

句意为：当这位著名的女演员走进教室的时
候，孩子们都转过头来看她。

11.【解析】C。

考查不定式用作目的状语，to help reduce unemployment pressures的意思是“为了减轻失业压力”。

全句意为：为了减轻失业压力，中国的学校今年有望聘用50,000大学毕业生作为短期教师，差不多是去年聘用学生人数的三倍。