英语三大从句

第十六章非谓语动词语法专项

被动特例

补语

do

宾语

主语

不定式

to do 与doing的区别

非谓语动词

状语

to do

定语

难点

补语

表语

动名词

分词

一.非谓语动词的定义：

动词不作谓语用，不定式、分词与动名词。to加原形不定式，词组可做名词、副词、形容词。现在分词和过去分词，相当于副词和形容词。原形加上“ing”，动词具有名词性。

【教学目标】

掌握动词不定式的基本构成以及与疑问词连用构成不定式短语的基本用法。

掌握动词不定式作宾语，宾补，状语的用法。

掌握动名词的基本构成与否定形式。

掌握动名词作宾语，宾补，状语的用法。

1.动词不定式构成：

一般形式to do

否定形式not to do

特殊疑问句式

what to do how to do it Why to do it When to do it

功能例句说明

宾语What sports does he like to play?

He likes to play basketball.只能作某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。

补语She asked me not to speak Chinese in an English class.在make, let , see, hear, watch等动词后，不定式省略to。

定语Have you got anything to eat.不定式作定语，要

放在所修饰词的后

面。

状语I am sorry to trouble you.

I went to the library to study English .不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。

注意：

1. 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式之后加适当的介词。

I need a room to live in .

2. 不定式作下列动词的宾语。

四个希望两答应，（hope, wish, want, would like, agree, promise）

三个要求莫拒绝，( ask, require，demand， refuse)

设法学会做决定，（manage，try, learn, decide）

不要假装在选择。pretend choose

告诉命令要开始, ( tell, order, start, begin)

提供鼓励莫迟疑。(offer, encourage)

基础过关

1.Granny often tells us water in our daily life.

A．save B. saving C. to save D. saves

【解析】tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事

2. -We can use QQ to chat with each other on the Internet.

-Really? Will you please show me it.

A．how to use B. what to use

B．how can I use D. what can I use

【解析】句中指怎么用，而从句又要用陈述语气，故选A

3. His parents often encourage him hard.

A. work

B. working

C. to work

D. works

【解析】encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 He always encourages me to try my best. 他总是鼓励我要竭尽全力。

4.The boy promised_____late for school again.

A．to not be B. not to be

C．not being D. being not

【解析】四个希望两答应。promise 后都接to do 作宾语。

肯定形式是：promise to do

否定形式是：promise not to do

5. It took Li Ming an hour_____his bike yesterday.

A. to repair

B. repairing

C. repaired

D. repair

【解析】花费句型 it takes sb. some time to do sth.

常考句型，it is adj. for / of sb. to do sth.

两个句型都是动词不定式作主语。

能力提高

1.He made some toys____his little son.

A．please B. to please C. pleasing D. pleased

【解析】有的学生会看到 make 而选择 A。

要看后面please his little son 是使他的小儿子开心。因此是表示目的。动词不定式做目的状语的用法。

2.Who do you think you’d like____with you, a boy or a girl?

A．to let to go B. letting to go

C. to let go

D. let go

【解析】句意：你想让谁跟你一起去，一个男孩还是女孩。

would like to do sth. let sb. do sth. 都是固定搭配。

3.I can’t help_____housework at home because I am busy with my homework.

A.doing

B. to do

C. done

D. with doing

【解析】同学看到can’t help doing禁不住做某事，选择了A. 但根据句意：我在家不能帮忙做家务，因为我忙于做家庭作业。 help (to) do sth.

4. He is too old the box.

A.to carry

B. carrying

C. carry

D. carries

【解析】"too… to… 太而不能"与so… that…如此以至于可以互换。这两个句型是中考常考句型。

5. Tom often makes his little sister , but yesterday he was made____by his sister.

A．cry, to cry B. to cry , cry

C.cry, cry

D. to cry, to cry

【解析】 make sb. do sth. 是省略to 的不定式的固定用法。被动语态的时候to 要加回来。He was made to cry by his sister.一感，二听，三让，四看的被动，let 通常不用于被动语态。