(英语)高考英语阅读理解抓分精品训练及解析

（英语）高考英语阅读理解抓分精品训练及解析
一、高中英语阅读理解
1．阅读理解
There might be as many as 10 million species of complex life on this planet today —— a huge number. But add up all of the complex species that ever lived and some biologists think the grand total would be about five billion. The estimate leads to an astonishing conclusion: a staggering 99% of species are not around any more. They have been driven to extinction.
More species are joining the ranks of the extinct every year. Many scientists believe we are living through an episode of remarkably rapid extinction, on a scale that has been seen only five times in the last half a billion years.
They call this current episode the sixth mass extinction —— a large, global decline in a wide variety of species over a relatively short period of time. And they tend to agree that humans are
the main cause.
Over-hunting, overfishing, and human-driven habitat loss are pushing many species to the brink. In fact, we have changed the planet so much that some geologists are now suggesting that
we have entered a new phase in Earth's history; an epoch they call the ＂Anthropocene＂. By 2100, it is expected that humans will have caused the extinction of up to half of the world's current species.
Because we are living through this extinction, it is relatively easy for us to study the driving forces behind it. But how do we determine what caused other mass die-offs that happened long ago? To do so we have to look at what archaeologists, palaeontologists, geologists and other scientists have concluded from the evidence they have gathered.
The trouble is, those scientists do not always agree with one another —— even about the most recent extinction event. As well as the five-or six- mass extinctions, there have also been many smaller extinctions.
One of these mini extinction events happened towards the end of the Pleistocene, a few tens
of thousands of years ago. It is sometimes called the ＂megafaunal＂ extinction because many of
the species it claimed were particularly large animals, weighing more than 97lb (44kg). However,
its cause remains a debate amongst scientists.
（1）What can we learn about the sixth mass extinction？
A. Humans are the main cause of it.
B. It means a global decline over a long time.
C. It occurred towards the end of the Pleistocene.
D. Scientists still disagree about the cause
of it.
（2）What can be inferred from the text about species？
A. 99% of species will not be around any more by 2100.
B. By the 22nd century, there will probably be about five million on this planet.
C. About eight years later we will enter what is called the ＂Anthropocene＂.
D. It is not easy for us to figure out causes behind the＂Anthropocene＂.
（3）Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph ?
A. Land animals.
B. Marine life.
C. Huge animals.
D. Flesh-eating creatures.
【答案】（1）A
（2）B
（3）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，许多科学家认为，我们正经历着地球史上第六次大规模物种灭绝，主要原因是人类的过度捕猎、过度捕捞和人类栖息地的丧失。

但是，各个科学家对过去物种灭绝原因有着不同的看法，即便是最近的一次小规模物种灭绝——大型动物灭绝，有关的灭绝原因，科学家仍在争论。

(1)考查细节理解。

第三段提到大规模物种灭绝是在a relatively short period of time，所以B错误；最后一段提到大型动物的灭绝发生在the end of the Pleistocene，而第六次大规模物种灭绝是当下正在发生的，所以C错误；根据第三段中的＂They call this current episode the sixth mass extinction ——a large, global decline in a wide variety of species over a relatively short period of time. And they tend to agree that humans are the main cause.＂可知，科学家认为人类是第六次大规模物种灭绝的主要原因，没有不同意见，因此D错误，因此选A。

(2)考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“There might be as many as 10 million species of complex life on this planet today ”，以及第四段中的＂By 2100, it is expected that humans will have caused the extinction of up to half of the world's current species.＂可知，到22世纪，地球还会有目前物种的1/2会灭绝，也就是10million的半，即five million，因此选B。

(3)考查词义猜测。

根据最后一段中的＂because many of the species it claimed were particularly large animals, weighing more than 97lb (44kg).＂可推知＂megafaunal＂应为大型动物，因此选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解
Norman Garmezy, a development psychologist at the University of Minnesota, met thousands of children in his four decades of research. A nine-year-old boy in particular stuck with him. He has an alcoholic mother and an absent father. But each day he would walk in to school with a smile on his face. He wanted to make sure that "no one would feel pity for him and no one would know his mother's incompetence.” The boy exhibited a quality Garmezy identified as “resilience”.
Resilience presents a challenge for psychologists. People who are lucky enough to never experience any sort of adversity (逆境) won't know how resilient they are. It's only when they're faced with obstacles, stress, and other environmental threats that resilience, or the lack of it, comes out. Some give in and some conquer.
Garmezy's work opened the door to the study of the elements that could enable an individual's success despite the challenges they faced. His research indicated that some elements had to do with luck, but quite large set of elements was psychological, and had to do with how the children responded to the environment. The resilient children had what psychologists call an “internal lens of control(内控点)”. They believed that they, and not their circumstances, affected their achievements. The resilient children saw themselves as the arrangers of their own fates.
Ceorge Bonanno has been studying resilience for years at Columbia University's Teachers College. He found that some people are far better than others at dealing with adversity. This difference might come from perception(认知) whether they think of an event as traumatic(创伤), or as an opportunity to learn and grow. “Stressful” or “traumatic” events themselves don't have much predictive power when it comes to life outcomes. "Exposure to potentially traumatic events does not predict later functioning,” Bonanno said. "It's only predictive if there's a negative response.” In other words, living through adversity doesn't guarantee that you'll suffer going forward.
The good news is that positive perception can be taught. "We can make ourselves more or less easily hurt by how we think about things," Bonanno said. In research at Columbia, the neuroscientist Kevin Ochsner has shown that teaching people to think of adversity in different ways--to reframe it in positive terms when the initial response is negative, or in a less emotional way when the initial response is emotionally “hot”---changes how they experience and react to the adversity.
（1）According to the passage, resilience is an individual's ability________.
A. to think critically
B. to decide one's own fate
C. to live a better life
D. to recover from adversity
（2）What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A. The psychologists
B. The resilient children
C. Positive elements
D. Internal locus of control
（3）According to Paragraph 4, we can learn that____________.
A. your positive perception may turn adversity around
B. stressful events are more predictive than delightful events
C. experiencing adversity predicts that you will go on suffering
D. a negative response doesn't guarantee you will suffer all the time
（4）What is the author's purpose of writing this passage?
A. To teach people how to be resilient
B. To encourage people to live through adversity
C. To indicate people's perception varies from each other
D. To compare different research findings about resilience
【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）A
（4）A
【解析】【分析】这是一篇介绍说明类文章。

文章介绍了一种品质：韧性（resilience）。

文章介绍了什么是韧性，韧性的作用，如何培养韧性等内容。

（1）推理判断题。

由第二段中的“People who are lucky enough to never experience any sort of adversity (逆境) won't know how resilient they are. It's only when they're faced with obstacles, stress, and other environmental threats that resilience, or the lack of it, comes out. Some give in and some conquer”可知，那些没有经历过逆境的人不会知道自己有多大的韧性。

只有当他们面对障碍，压力等逆境时，他们才能知道自己的韧性有多大。

有的人向逆境屈服，有的人成功度过了逆境。

由此可知，那些成功度过逆境的人属于非常有韧性的人。

韧性应该指
克服逆境的能力。

故答案选D。

（2）词义猜测题。

由第三段中的“The resilient children had what psychologists call an “internal lens of control(内控点)”. They believed that they, and not their circumstances, affected their achievements. The resilient children saw themselves as the arrangers of their own fates.”可知，那些有韧性的孩子拥有所谓的“内控点”。

他们认为他们影响了自己的成就，而不是他们所处的环境影响了他们的成就。

这些有韧性的孩子将自己看作是自己命运的主宰者。

由此可知，they指的就是the resilient children。

故答案选B。

（3）推理判断题。

由第四段中的“He found that some people are far better than others at dealing with adversity. This difference might come from perception(认知) whether they think of an event as traumatic(创伤), or as an opportunity to learn and grow.”可知，一些人比另一些人更擅长处理逆境。

这种差别来自他们的认知。

如果他们将逆境当做是学习和成长的机会，对此做出积极的反应，那么，他们就能很好的处理逆境。

反之，如果他们做出消极的反应，那么，他们就不能很好的来处理逆境。

由此可以推知，积极的认知可以改变逆境，使情况朝着好的方向发展。

故答案选A。

（4）写作意图题。

文章第一段以例子提出“resilience”这个话题。

第二段解释了什么是resilience，第三和第四段以Garmezy的研究说明，当面对逆境的时候，韧性可以帮助我们扭转逆境，关键在于要有积极的认知。

第五段强调，积极的认知是可以学习的。

故这篇文章的写作意图就是告诉读者如何使自己有韧性：用积极的态度去对待逆境。

故答案选A。

【点评】阅读理解写作意图、态度解题技巧：根据文体类别推断写作目的（1）写作目的（to entertain readers）常见于故事类的文章。

（2）写作目的（to persuade readers）常见于广告类的文章。

在这样的文章中，作者或是要推销一种产品﹑一种服务（to sell a product or a service），或是要通过对旅游景点﹑报刊杂志﹑影片﹑电视节目等的介绍来达到他的写作目的：吸引更多的游客﹑读者或订户﹑观众等（to attract more visitors / readers / audience）（3）写作目的（to inform readers）多见于科普类﹑新闻报道类﹑文化类或社会类的文章，了解这类文章的写作目的有赖于对文章主题的正确把握，阅读时有必要找准文章的主题句，或较好地对主题加以归纳。

3．阅读理解
The setting was a packed gymnasium just before the start of a game against another school. There were five girls who were members of the Danville High School basketball team—all of them starters. They were not in uniform to play that night and would not be on the team for the rest of this season. They were there to admit their breaking of team rules. They were there to support their coach's decision to take them off the team. They were there to let the town know there was a problem in their little community that needed to be addressed. And they did it with sincere regret rather than defensiveness.
While the school had been out for the New Year's holiday, the five girls had gone to the party with several of their friends. There was alcohol there. And they all drank some.
Coach Rainville has a zero tolerance rule on drugs and alcohol for her members though it was a hard decision to make. When classes resumed and accounts of holiday parties were shared, rumors about the five girls began closing in on them. The coach said she couldn't back down on
her rules. And the players—two junior students and three senior students—agreed. That night in the gym was part of their public support of the coach's decision.
“We hope you will understand that we are not bad kids. What we did was definitely not worth it. We hope this event will make everyone realize that there is a big drug and alcohol problem in our community,” one of the senior students said, “And if you work with us to try to solve this problem, you will help us feel that we have not been thrown off our basketball team for nothing.” The five left the floor to deafening applause.
The team may not win another game this year. But they've learnt something about personal responsibility, the effect of one's action on others, and honesty that will serve them well throughout life.
（1）It can be inferred from the passage that the five girls who were kicked off the team were ________.
A. very good players on the team
B. addicted to alcohol and drugs
C. three junior students and two senior students
D. scolded by their parents for drinking alcohol
（2）What did the girls do to support their coach's decision?
A. They didn't fight for Danville High School any more.
B. They all gave speeches to apologize in the local press.
C. They admitted their mistake in public in the gymnasium.
D. They would never drink any alcohol throughout their life.
（3）Which word best describes the coach Rainville?
A. Indifferent.
B. Strict.
C. Stubborn.
D. Cruel.
（4）Which would be the best title for the passage?
A. Growing up with pain
B. A bad mistake
C. Team rules are everything
D. Basketball girls in high school
【答案】（1）A
（2）C
（3）B
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，五个女孩在假期期间违反团队纪律喝酒，教练对于队员破坏纪律零容忍，责令她们离开团队。

五个女孩接受了处罚，并做出了公开道歉。

(1)考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“They were there to admit their breaking of team rules. They were there to support their coach's decision to take them off the team. They were there to let the town know there was a problem in their little community that needed to be addressed. And they did it with sincere regret rather than defensiveness. They were there to admit their breaking of team rules. They were there to support their coach's decision to take them off the team. They were there to let the town know there was a problem in their little community that needed to be addressed. And they did it with sincere regret rather than defensiveness.”可知，这几个女孩是很好的队员，她们勇敢承认了违反了团队纪律，并支持教练把她们开除出队的决定。

故选A。

(2)考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“The setting was a packed gymnasium just before the start
of a game against another school.”和“They were there to support their coach's decision to take them off the team.”以及第二段中的“That night in the gym was part of their public support of the coach's decision.”可知，这些女孩在体育馆公开承认错误来支持教练的决定。

故选C。

(3)考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“Coach Rainville has a zero tolerance rule on drugs and alcohol for her members though it was a hard decision to make.”和“The coach said she couldn't back down on her rules.”可推断，教练对于队员吸毒喝酒零容忍，坚持将这个五个女孩从团队除名，因此推断她是严厉的。

故选B。

(4)考查主旨大意。

文章讲述了五个女孩因为喝酒被开除出篮球队的故事，文章最后一段对这件事情做了总结，因此可知文章主要想告诉读者这些女孩通过这件事学会了负责任，了解了自己的行为对他人的影响，诚实会让她们一生受益。

因此推断A项“在痛苦中成长”为最佳标题。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解
Apple announced its new iPhones last week, but competitors' mobile phones can do many of the same things for less money.
The new iPhone 8 and X have wireless charging, edge-to-edge glass screen and double cameras. But all of these features are already available in smart phones from China's Huawei and Oppo, and Korea's Samsung. While Apple asks buyers to pay $1,000 for its high-end model, some Asian phone makers can offer similar features for less.
At one time, Chinese manufacturers copied features and designs from others to produce low-cost phones. But they have now added high-end features to their phones and they control nearly half the global mobile phone market.
Media MarktSaturn is Europe's biggest electronics seller. A spokesperson for the store told Reuters that,“Huawei is seen as a relevant c ompetitor to Apple and Samsung by covering all major price points and placing big investments in marketing and sales. '' She also said that the Chinese companies Huawei, ZTE, Lenovo and TCL were among the top-10 best-selling smart phones in its stores.
Chinese manufacturers' fast growth has been fueled by strong sales in China. But they now export 40 percent of their smart phones. That is almost double the number from just three years ago, according to the Hong Kong investment company CLSA.
Huawei is currently the world's third largest phone maker behind Samsung and Apple. According to research company Canalys, the Chinese company is getting closer to second-place Apple and might overtake it later this year.The Chinese company even made fun of Apple's new facial recognition feature with a Facebook video called "Real AI phone." Huawei plans to show its top-of-the-line Mate 10 phone on Oct. 16. The phone will have artificial intelligence features such as instant translation and image recognition and will cost less than $1,000. Other Chinese companies are looking to enter the high-end smart phone market.
（1）What is the text mainly about?
A. Smart phone's manufacturers.
B. Apple smart phone's features.
C. Asian phone makers' fast growth.
D. Competition among Asian phone makers.
（2）Which is NOT among the top 3 phone makers in the world?
A. TCL.
B. Samsung.
C. Apple.
D. Huawei.
（3）What do we know from the text?
A. Huewei will have overtaken Apple by later 2017.
B. Chinese makers' phones with high-end features cost less.
C. The top-10 smart phones are to enter the high-end competition.
D. 40 percent of Asian smart phones are exported now.
（4）What is the writer's attitude towards Asian phone makers?
A. Doubtful.
B. Concerned.
C. Optimistic.
D. Uncertain.
【答案】（1）D
（2）A
（3）B
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，苹果新机“遇冷”，国产手机“争霸”, 亚洲手机制造商快速发展逼近苹果公司。

（1）考查主旨大意。

根据第二段“Th e new iPhone 8 and X have wireless charging, edge-to-edge glass screen and double cameras. But all of these features are already available in smart phones from China's Huawei and Oppo, and Korea's Samsung. While Apple asks buyers to pay $1,000 for its high-end model, some Asian phone makers can offer similar features for less.”新款iPhone 8 和X 拥有无线充电、无边框屏幕和双摄像头。

但是这些功能已经在中国的华为、OPPO和韩国的三星智能手机上得到应用。

当苹果为其高端机型标出1000美元的售价时，一些亚洲手机制造商可以用更少的钱提供类似功能。

可以推断出本文主要讲述了亚洲手机制造商之间的竞争。

故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第六段中的“Huawei is currently th e world's third largest phone maker behind Samsung and Apple. According to research company Canalys, the Chinese company is getting closer to second-place Apple and might overtake it later this year.”可知华为目前是全球第三大手机厂商，位居三星和苹果之后。

故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第二段“The new iPhone 8 and X have wireless charging, edge-to-edge glass screen and double cameras. But all of these features are already available in smart phones from China's Huawei and Oppo, and Korea's Samsung. While Apple asks buyers to pay $1,000 for its high-end m odel, some Asian phone makers can offer similar features for less. ”新款iPhone 8 和X 拥有无线充电、无边框屏幕和双摄像头。

但是这些功能已经在中国的华为、OPPO和韩国的三星智能手机上得到应用。

当苹果为其高端机型标出1000美元的售价时，一些亚洲手机制造商可以用更少的钱提供类似功能。

故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“The Chinese company even made fun of Apple's new facial recognition feature with a Facebook video called "Real AI phone." Huawei plans to show its top-of-the-line Mate 10 phone on Oct. 16. The phone will have artificial intelligence features such
as instant translation and image recognition and will cost less than $1,000. Other Chinese companies are looking to enter the high-end smartphone market.”这家中国公司甚至在Facebook上发布了一则名为《RealAIphone》的视频，取笑苹果公司新的面部识别功能。

华为计划在10月16日推出该公司顶级的Mate 10 手机。

这款手机将具备人工智能功能，例如即时翻译和图像识别，售价可能低于1千美元。

其它中国公司正在寻求进入高端智能手机市场。

可以推断出作者对亚洲手机制造商很有信心，对亚洲手机发展前景乐观，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解
Years ago, students applying to colleges and universities had to have their applications and personal essays printed out and then “snail-maile d”. Flash forward to today's world of Facebook, Instagram and WeChat, where photos, videos and mobile phones rule. Fortunately, several new tools are making it easier for college applicants to use technology to show off their personalities, skills and creativity.
ZEEMEE
One of the more popular innovations in college applications is ZeeMee, a free mobile app that allows students to upload personal profiles and videos to create visual resumes. More than 220 colleges and universities offer a ZeeMee option as part of the application process. The video can show the unique creative aspects of the applicants.
THE COALITION LOCKER
Another relatively new tool comes from the Coalition for Access, Affordability and Success, now used by more than 110 member colleges and universities. Among the group's stated goals are getting students engaged in college prep early and using technology to create a supportive application process that encourages reflection and self-discovery.
Students who sign up for the fre e platform get access to a digital “locker”, which they can use all through high school to save class papers, artwork, newspaper stories, videos and photos to share with colleges when they eventually apply.
VIDEO — CHAT INTERVIEWS
At some schools, an interview with an admission officer is an important part of the application process. To make it easier, several virtual interviewing tools have popped up, such as a video-based platform from Kira. More than 140 universities worldwide use Kira's video assessment tool to conduct real-time interviews with prospective students. During the interview, candidates are shown the questions prerecorded by the particular school and must respond in real time by talking into the camera on their laptop or phone. In addition to showing their ability, to speak fluently in English and think on their feet, it helps admission officers determine the “motivation, commitment and drive” of applicants.
UNIQUE SCHOOL TOOLS
Some universities have come up with their own ways to allow students to show their skills and
personalities. For example, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, encourages applicants to display their technical abilities and creativity by submitting a “Maker Portfolio” —a written or videotaped description of a project that shows creative and problem-solving skills. While a new
app would fit the bill, the project could be anything from an origami design to a potato cannon.
（1）Which of the apps give students more guidance from their high school?
A. ZEEMEE.
B. THE COALITION LOCKER.
C. VIDEO — CHAT INTERVIEWS.
D. UNIQUE SCHOOL TOOLS.
（2）What does the underlined word “it” in the fourth part of the passage refer to?
A. The video interview.
B. The description.
C. The application.
D. The student's ability.
（3）What is the common feature required by colleges and universities according to the passage?
A. Creativity.
B. Braveness.
C. Willingness to share.
D. Technical ability.
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，在今天的Facebook、Instagram和微信的世界里，照
片、视频和手机盛行的同时，一些新工具让大学申请者更容易使用技术来展示他们的个
性、技能和创造力。

(1)考查推理判断。

根据THE COALITION LOCKER部分中的“Students who sign up for the free platform get access to a digital ‘locker’, which they can use all through high school to save class papers, artwork, newspaper stories, videos and photos to share with colleges when they eventually apply.”可知，THE COALITION LOCKER. 能让学生从高中获得更多的指导。

故选B。

(2)考查代词指代。

根据VIDEO —CHAT INTERVIEWS部分中的“At some schools, an interview
with an admission officer is an important part of the application process.”在一些学校，对招生
人员的面试是申请过程的重要组成部分；以及“In addition to showing their ability, to speak fluently in English and think on their feet, it helps admission officers determine the ‘motivation, commitment and drive’ of applicants.“除了展示他们的能力，为了流利地说英语和快速反应，
它还能帮助招生人员决定申请者的“动机、承诺和动力”。

由此可知it指的是“the application”，故选C。

(3)考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“Fortunately, several new tools are making it easier for college applicants to use technology to show off their personalities, skills and creativity.”可知，
根据文章的内容，创造力是学院和大学的共同特征。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和代词指代两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考
根据上下文进行逻辑推理，选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解
“Years ago when I was at the Grand Canyon, I remembered someone coming up to the canyon's edge, taking a shot with a camera and then walking away, like 'got it – done', barely
even glancing at the magnificent scene in front of him,” Linda Henkel, a scientist at Fairfield University, US told Live Science.
Henkel was surprised by how obsessed (痴迷的) people are with taking pictures these days - before dinner, during friends' birthday parties, on museum tours and so on.
They keep taking pictures because they think that it helps record the moment, but as Henkel's latest study has just found out, this obsession may prevent their brains remembering what actually happened, reported The Guardian.
In her study, Henkel led a group of college students around a museum and asked them to simply observe 15 objects and photograph 15 others. The next day the students' memory of the tour was tested, and the results showed that they were less accurate in recognizing the objects and they remembered fewer details about them if they photographed them.
''When people rely on technology to remember them — counting on the camera to record the event and thus not needing to attend to it fully themselves, it can have a negative impact on how well they remember their experiences,” Henkel explained.
But there is also an exception: if students zoomed in to photograph part of an object, their memory actually improved, and those who focused the lens (镜头) on a specific area could even recall parts that weren't in the frame.
So basically, this study is saying that constantly taking pictures can harm your memory. But shouldn't reviewing pictures we have taken help wake up our memories? This is true, but only if we spend enough time doing it.
“In order to remember, we have to access and interact with the photos, rather than just collect them,” Henkel told The Telegraph. However, previous research has shown that most people never take the time to look over their digital pictures simply because there are too many of them and they aren't usually very organized on their computers.
（1）Why did the author mention Henkel's trip to the Grand Canyon at the beginning? A. To complain about some tourists' bad habits. B. To give suggestions on how to enjoy one's tour.
C. To point out people's obsession with taking pictures.
D. To describe the beautiful view of the Grand Canyon.
（2）What can we learn from Henkel's study?
A. Reviewing pictures always helps people bring back memories easily.
B. Taking pictures in a museum tour helps students recognize objects better.
C. People should spend more time taking pictures than studying real objects.
D. Pictures focusing on the details of objects probably improve people's memories.
（3）The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 probably refers to “________”.
A. the camera
B. technology
C. the event
D. an object
（4）What is the article mainly about?
A. People's obsession with taking pictures and its influence.
B. Possible ways of using pictures to improve one's memory.
C. Great harm to memory caused by taking pictures constantly.
D. A believable study into the negative impact of lining cameras often.
【答案】（1）C
（2）D
（3）C
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，人们都有拍照的喜好，拍照有助于我们记忆。

但是如果我们只是简单地记录下来，而不去欣赏的话，也就没有什么意义，还不如不去拍照。

(1)考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Henkel was surprised by how obsessed (着迷的) people are with taking pictures these days – before dinner, during friends birthday parties, on museum tours and so on.”可知，在文中提到Henkel对人们执迷于拍照的惊讶，以此来说明一种现象：人们执迷于拍照的现象。

故选C。

(2)考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的“But there is also an exception: if students zoomed (缩放) in to photograph part of an object, their memory actually improved”可知，在拍照时，如果只关注某个细节，可能有助于他们记忆的提高。

故选D。

(3)考查词义猜测。

根据第五段中的“When people rely on techn ology to remember them 一counting on the camera to record the event and thus not needing to attend to it fully themselves” 前面说人们要依靠技术来记住它们时，要依靠照相机来记录事件，那么就完全不需要关注这个事件了。

可知，本句是说如果你要用相机来记录事件，就不需要来关注这个它（事件）。

故选C。

(4)考查主旨大意。

通读全文可知，本文主要叙述现代人痴迷于拍照，是因为拍照有助于记录某一时刻，但不利于他们的记忆。

如果放大拍摄对象或拍下来后再欣赏的话就有助于记忆或回忆。

即本文主要介绍痴迷拍照及其影响。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括和归纳，选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解
Since English biologist Charles Darwin published On the Origin of Species in 1859, scientists have vastly improved their knowledge of natural history. However, a lot of information is still of the speculation, and scientists can still only make educated guesses at certain things.
One subject that they guess about is why some 400 million years ago, animals in the sea developed limbs (肢) that allowed them to move onto and live on land.
Recently, an idea that occurred to the US paleontologist (古生物学家) Alfred Romer a century ago became a hot topic once again.
Homer thought that tidal (潮汐的) pools might have led to fish gaining limbs. Sea animals would have been forced into these pools by strong tides. Then, they would have been made either to adapt to their new environment close to land or die. The fittest among them grew to accomplish the transition (过渡) from sea to land.
Romer called these earliest four-footed animals “tetrapods”. Science has always thought that this was a credible theory, but only recently has there been strong enough evidence to support it.
Hannah Byrne is an oceanographer (海洋学家) at Uppsala University in Sweden. She announced at the 2018 Ocean Sciences Meeting in Oregon, US, that by using computer software,。