人教新版八年级下册Unit2I’llhelptocleanupthecityparks.知识点精讲--SectionB

人教新版八年级下册Unit 2 I ’ll help to clean up the city parks.知识点精讲--Section B Section B
1. I repaired it . 我把它修好了
【解析】repair v “修理；修复”
1) repair的对象范围很广，从房屋、道路、机器到日常生活必需品，是使受到一定损失或失灵的东西恢复其形状或功能。

Who has repaired the broken leg of the table? 谁把桌子的断腿修好了？
2) mend的意思是恢复某物原来的样子(包括用针、线来缝补)，一般指较小之物。

This shirt is too old to mend. 这件衣服太旧不能补了。

3) fix用于需要重新“调”物体的结构，把松散的部件固定结实，将分离的物体各部分装配起
来。

用于美国口语中，与repair无多大区别。

Can you fix the broken chair? 你能修理那把坏了的椅子吗?
2. I take after my mother. 我长的像我妈妈。

【解析】(1)take after =be similar to在（外貌、性格等方面）与（父母）相像（v. +adv）
【短语】take back 收回，接回take down 写下take off 脱下；起飞take up 占去（时间或空间）take care 小心take care of 照顾 take place 发生take out 拿出take away 拿走
(2)look like 只指在外貌上与…..相像
【短语】：look after 照顾look up 向上看，查找look for 寻找look out 小心
( ①)—Do you ___after your mother or your father?—My father .We both have big eyes and black hair.A. look B. take C. run
( )②The girl _____ the woman. Maybe she is her daughter. A. take care B. takes after C. takes off D. look after
【2011山东青岛2】Tom ___ his father, because they both are cheerful and easygoing.
A. looks like
B. takes after
C. doesnt’take after
D. isn’t like
3. I fixed it up. 我把它修理好了。

【解析】fix =mend=repair v 修理，修补★fix up=repair 修理(v. +adv)
( ) ①—Where is Frank now? —He ____his bike in the yard. A. fixes up B. fixing up C. is fixing up
( ) ②My watch doesn’t work .I wonder who can ____for me. A. fix up it B. fix it up C. mix it up D. mix them up
【2013山东烟台】28.My bike is broken. Could you help me to ? A. fix it up B. set it up C. make it up D. put it up
4. I’m similar to her . 我和她很像。

【解析】similar adj. 相似的be similar to sb. 和某人很相似
( ) ①Mary is very similar ____her sister in appearance.A. in B. to C. with D. for
( ) Her sweater is ___ to my sister’s . They are the ____ color.
A. similar; same
B. similar; similar
C. same; same
D. same; similar
【2013山东烟台】4.The customs in Qingdao are_________（相似的）to those in Yantai.
【2013浙江丽水2】—Can you tell the differences between two pictures?
—Differences ? Oh , They look quite ___. A. different B.similar C.stange D.interesting
5. I gave it away. 我把它修理好了【解析】give away 赠送；分发（奖品），捐赠
( ) —What are you doing, Uncle Wang? —I am sorting out old books and I’ll ____ to kids in West China.
A. give them up
B. give them away
C. give them off
D. give them in
【2013浙江温州】8. Andrea Bocelli never , which makes him a successful singer. A. takes away B. gives away C. gets up D. gives up
【拓展1】与give相关的短语：
give off放出，释放 give back归还，送回give out分发
give in屈服 give up停止，放弃
give sb. a hand助某人一臂之力give sb. a call给……打电话
give a talk作报告 give lessons to给……上课
give a lecture (a piano concert)作讲座(举行钢琴音乐会)
give sb. a chance给……一次机会 give sb. lessons给某人上课
give a message to……给……一个口信 give a concert举办音乐会
give sb. sth. or give sth. to sb.给某人某物
return sth. to sb.= give sth. back to sb.把某物归还给某人
【2013江苏连云港1】11. It was a difficult time for the quake－hit victims in Ya'an, but they didn't ____ hope. A. give up B. give off C. give in D. give out
【拓展2】与away相关的短语：
get away from 逃离throw away扔掉 go away 离去；出去
stay away (from)远离put away 放好run away 逃走
6. I’ll send you a photo of Lucky.
【解析】(1) a photo of sb. sb.为宾格，“某人的一张照片”，强调照片上的人就是他/她本人。

(2) a photo of sb’s. sb’s.为名词性物主代词或名词所有格，“某人的一张照片”，强调照片上的人是sb.所拥有的。

( ) One of my friends is a policewoman, this is a photo of .
A. her
B. hers
C. she
D. his
【2013内蒙古呼和浩特】2. —Excuse me，look at the sign NO PHOTOS!—Sorry, I _____it. A. don’t see B. didn’t see C. haven’t seen D. won’t see
7. I’m sure you know that this group was set up to help disabled people like me.
我肯定你知道这个组织的成立是为了帮助像我这样的残疾人。

【解析1】be sure (that) ...
⑴be sure＋of／about doing sth，“确信……”；“对……有把握”。

但在接名词时，be sure of侧重指主语对某抽象事物的确信无疑；
be sure about则侧重指主语对某具体事物的确信无疑。

I'm sure of his honesty．我肯定他是诚实的。

⑵be sure to do sth ，表示说话人对句子主语作出的判断，认为句子主语“必定”、“必然会”、“准会”如何如何。

It is sure to rain．天一定会下雨。

⑶be sure+宾语从句，表示主句主语对宾语从句中涉及的事物所作出的判断，意为“确信某事一定会……”。

We are sure he will make great progress this term．我们确信他这学期一定会取得巨大进步
【拓展】make sure表示“弄确实；核实；查证”。

make sure常用于祈使句，后面常接that宾语从句或of介词短语。

Make sure + that从句意为“弄明白；确信”。

Make sure + of + 代词/名词，意思也是“弄明白；确信”。

— Make sure of his coming before you set off. —出发之前要确定他是否来。

— I make sure (that) he would come. —我确信他会来。

【解析2】set up 建立；设立set up =establish =build建立（v. +adv）
【短语】：set off 出发set about doing sth 着手去做某事
（）①The primary school _____in 1995 with the hope of young people.
A. was set up
B. was put up
C. was found
( ) ②We have ____ some organizations to help the poor students in the western areas of China.
A. taken up
B. put up
C. picked up
D. set up
【2013湖北荆州4】24. —When are you going to ______ for Shanghai?
—Tomorrow morning. A. get off B. turn off C. take off D. set off
【2013甘肃白银2】The company wants to ___ a school for the poor children.
A. put off
B.set up
C.call in
D.look after
【解析3】disabled adj. 肢体有残疾的（既可以做表语，也可以做定语）。

disabled people 残疾人
Though he is __________(able) , Liu Wei made his dream –to be a pianist come true.
【加前缀dis- 构成的派生词】dislike 不喜欢disorder 无秩序
dishonest 不诚实disappear 消失
8. Lucky makes a big difference to my life. “幸运”对我的生活产生了很大的影响。

【解析】makes a big difference 影响；有作用
【2013广西南宁3】The heavy snow didn’t ___ the international airlines.
A. pay attention to
B.add to
C. make a difference to
D.keep to
9. Or imagine you can’t walk or use your hands easily. 或者想象一下你不能走路或自如地使用你的手。

【解析】imagine + n/ ving/ pron v 想象
( ) —My mother can’t imagine ____ on line. —Many people don’t know how to do it. A. shop B. to shop C. shopping D. shopped
【2012河南2】The Internet is so closely connected with our daily life . Can you ___ a life without it? A. understand B.imagine C.consider D.expect
10. ... But many people have these difficulties.但是很多人有这些困难。

【解析】have difficulty (in) doing sth 做某事有困难
【2013山东聊城】—I have great ____ in finishing the work by myself. Could you help me?
—No problem. A.fun B.success C.advice D.difficulty
11. I love animals and I was excited about the idea of having a dog.我热爱动物，并且为能拥有一
只狗这个主意激动不已。

【解析】be excited about 对......感到激动【解析1】excite→exciting/excited 兴奋的be excited about对…感到兴奋①We are _____ about the ________news .(excite)
②—What _____ news! --Yes. We are all _____ about it. A. exciting; exciting B. excited; excited C. exciting; excited
【2013四川遂宁】Everyone was ___ when they heard the ___ news.
A. exciting; exciting
B. excited ;exciting
C.exciting; excited
12. I was able to bring him home. 我可以把它带回家了。

【解析】be able to 能够
词条
适用时态
人称和数
例句
be able to
用于各种时态
有人称和数的变化
I will be able to dress more casually.
can
用于现在时或过去时（could）
没有人称和数的变化
I could swim at the age of seven.
=I was able to swim at the age of seven.
【2012贵州黔东南】Lucy could read story book at the age of four. A.is able to B.was able
to C.should D.would
13. My dog’s name is Lucky—a good name for him because I feel very lucky to have him. 我的狗的名字叫“幸运”——对于他来说是个好名字，因为有了他我感觉自己很幸运。

【解析】be/ feel lucky to do sth 做某事感到很幸运。

【解析1】luck n.“幸运”→lucky adj.“幸运的”→luckily adv.“幸运地”→unlucky adj.“不幸的”
→unluckily adv.“不幸地；不幸的是”
____________(luck), he got the first prize this time.
【2012浙江湖州】The little girl was very _________(幸运的）to get a free ticket to Disneyland.
14. For example, I say, “Lucky! Get my book,”and he does it at once.
例如，我说：“Lucky！把我的书拿来。

”它马上就照做。

【解析】(1)fetch v 去拿来=get 去（某地）拿来（讲话者处）
(2)bring v 带来从（某地）拿到（讲话者处）
bring up 养育，养大bring sb. sth = bring sth to sb. 给某人带某物
(1) take v 带来从（讲话者）拿走take →took →taken
【短语】take care 小心take charge of 负责，看管
take hold of 握住take off 脱下take out 取出
take a look 看一看take away 拿走take exercise 做运动
take it easy 不紧张take one’s time 从容不迫
( ) ①—Oh ,I’ve left my schoolbag in the classroom.—Don’t worry. I’ll ___it for you.A. bring B. get C. carry D. take
( ) ②The teacher told the students ____ any food into the classroom .
A. not to bring
B. not bring
C. don’t bring
D. to bring not
( )③—Don’t forget ____ your history and politics books tomorrow morning. A. bring B.
to bring C. bringing
【2013山东枣庄】22.—How are you going to be a basketball player ?
—I every day. A. am going to practice basketball B. am going to study math
C. am going to take acting lessons
D. am going to study computer science
【2013湖北荆州】23.—Sam, my iPhone is in my bedroom. Could you _____ it for me?
—No problem. A. bringB. fetchC. take D. carry
【2013浙江绍兴】—I’ve left my keys in the meeting room. Please ___them for me. —All right. A. buy B. paint C. wash D. fetch
【2013黑龙江齐齐哈尔】24.－I’m sorry, Mr Li. I ___ my English homework at home. －Don’t forget ___ it to school tomorrow. A. left, to bring B. forgot, to take C. lost, to bring
15. I’ll send you a photo of him if you like, and I could show you how he helps
me.如果你喜欢我会给你寄张他的照片，并且我会告诉你他是如何帮助我的。

【解析1】send→sent →sent v 发送
【短语】：send away 赶走send for 派人去请 send off 寄出send out 分发send up 发射send sb. sth = send sth to sb. 送给某人某物
【注】类似的动词有：show (展示；给……看) give (给) lend (借出) offer（提供）return （归还）tell （告诉）
( ) ①You fill in both parts of the form, then_____.A. send up it B. send for it C. send it away D. send it off
( ) ②Please send a photo of your family ____ me. A. for B. at C. to D. with
【2011四川绵阳】15. ---- Drunken drive is dangerous, isn’t it?
---- Yeah. That why drunken drivers _____ to prison even without causing accidents.
A. sent
B. are sent
C. send
D. are sending
【解析2】if 如果引导真实条件状语从句从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。

【2013山东临沂2】23. Please hold on to your dream ______ one day it comes true.
A. if
B. until
C. unless
D. though
【2013四川凉山3】28. —Would you like to go shopping with me, Carmen？
—I’d love to, _____ you don’t want to go alone. A. until B. before C. if
【2013辽宁鞍山4】23. The children will climb the hill if it________ tomorrow. A. won't rain B. didn't rain C. isn't raining D. doesn't rain
【2013广东3】36. If Nancy ______ the exam, she will go to Australia for English study.
A. pass
B. passed
C. passes
D. will pass
16. Thank you again for changing my life. 再次感谢你改变了我的生活。

【解析1】Thank sb. for +n/ pron/ ving 为……而感谢某人。

( ) —You study so hard that you’re sure to pass the exam.—Thank you for ___ so. A. say B. to say C. saying D. said
【2013黑龙江绥化】23. ________ the teacher, I’ve made great progress. A. Thank you B. Thanks to C. Thanks lot
【2013呼和浩特】74. _____ her husband，she has now become a famous film star. A. Because B. Thanks to C. Thanks for D. With the help
【解析2】change v 改变；变化; change one’s life 改变某人的生活; change... into... (把......）变成
【2013河南中考】If you want to change the world, you have to ___ yourself first.
A.enjoy
B.check
C.help
D.change
【单元语法】
一、短语动词分类：
1.动词+介词
ask for 请求belong to 属于look at 看
look after 照顾learn from 向…学习remind of 提醒take after 与…相像
2.动词+ 副词
take away 拿走wake up 醒来put off 推迟give out 分发think over 考虑end up 结束
3.动词+ 副词+ 介词
come up with 提出，想出run out of 用完
get along with 与…相处do well in 擅长look forward to 期望
4.动词+ 名词+ 介词
take part in 参加make use of 利用pay attention to 注意take care of 照顾
5.系动词+ 形容词+ 介词
be strict with 对……要求严格be mad at 对…..恼火
be full of 充满 be different from 与……不同
二、短语动词的用法：
1.以介词结尾的短语动词，后面接名词，代词，动名词作其宾语，该名词，代词或动名词必须放在介词的后面。

think of 想起look after 照顾look for 寻找agree with 同意ask for 请求
2.“动词+副词”结构的短语动词后可解名词，代词或动名词作宾语。

（1）接名词时，可以放在短语中间，或短语之后
（2）接代词时，代词只能放在动词或副词之间
put on 穿上put off 脱下put up 挂起
give up 放弃give away 捐赠hand out 分发wake up 叫醒
Exercise：
【2013浙江舟山、嘉兴】22. It’s time for CCTV news. Let’s _______ the TV and watch it.
A. turn on
B. get on
C. try on
D. put on
【2013浙江温州】8. Andrea Bocelli never , which makes him a successful singer.
A. takes away
B. gives away
C. gets up
D. gives up
【2013浙江台州】21. —Would you mind ______ the music a little? Don’t you think it’s too loud?
—Sorry! I’ll do it in a minute.A. turning on B. turning off C. turning up D. turning down
【2013浙江台州】18. —How do you like Li Yundi? —A cool guy! His music ______ really beautiful.
A. tastes
B. sounds
C. smells
D. looks
【2013四川遂宁】30. The teachers encourage their students to the problems by themselves, and in this way students can enjoy success.A. give up B. work out C. look through
【2013四川遂宁】27. If we Chinese work hard together. China Dream will .
A. come out
B. come true
C. achieve
【2013四川遂宁】24. Paul’s parents were worried that he too much time chatting on line.
A. spent
B. paid
C. took
【2013四川泸州】9. Can you help me to _______ my dog when I leave for Hong Kong?
A. look after
B. look for
C. look at
D. look through
【2013四川凉山】29. —Cindy, look at your new shoes. Aren’t they beautiful?
—Yes, they are really nice, Mum. I can’t wait to . A. put them on B. put it on C. put on them
【2013四川广安】28. —When will the plane _____Shanghai?—Sorry，I don’t know.
A. get
B. arrive at
C. reach
【2013湖北黄石】38. It ______ me about 10 days ______ painting the walls.
A. took; to finish
B. cost; finishing
C. took; finishing
D. spent; to finish
【2013湖北黄石】33. Many students in our school _______ the old and they usually offer their seats to them on buses.
A. worry about
B. care for
C. agree with
D. take care
【2013湖北黄石】37. Tom, it’s cold outside. _______ your coat when you go out.
A. Take off
B. Put on
C. Put away
D. Take away
【2013山西】22. In April, the weather in some places in Shanxi was really changeable. People still remember they have ________ four seasons in a week.
A. organized
B. experienced
C. described
【2013山西】26. A student in Fudan University was killed by his roommate just because of small things in daily life. It is important for students to learn how to ________ each other. A. get on with B. come over to C. stay away from
【2013山东聊城】34.If you want to buy this dress , you 'd better ____ first to make sure it fits you . A. pay for it. B. take it off. C. tidy it up . D. try it on..。