非谓语动词讲解课件2022届高考英语语法专项复习

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是某一次的动作。
例:To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.
不定式作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。
例:To have a talk with my teacher makes me happy
动词-ing形式(doing)作主语 动词-ing形式作主语常表示抽象的、概念 性的动作,且置于句首主语的位置上。 例:Reading aloud is very helpful. 动词-ing形式作主语时,谓语动词用单数。例:Learning a language well requires time and effort.
高考英语语法专项
非谓语动词
Part 1 非谓语动词概述
➢ 非谓语动词定义 ➢ 非谓语动词性质 ➢ 非谓语动词使用条件 ➢ 非谓语动词形式
Part 1 非谓语动词概述
定义:在句子中充当除谓语以外的各种句子成分的动词形式,叫做非谓语动词 (the non-finite verbs)。非谓语动词与谓语动词是相对的概念。
done
否定式在以上肯定形式前加not,如 not to do; not doing; not to be done等。
Part 1 非谓语动词概述
动词不定式的时态和语态
时态
形式
含义
例句
一般式 完成式 进行式
主动: to do
被动: to be done
主动: to have done
被动: to have been done
2. 非谓语动词作表语时,如果主语是不定式,那么表语也用不定式结构。 例:To see is to believe.
3. 如果主语部分有不定代词everything、all或what,而且与实义动词do连用, 那么作表语的不定式中,不定式符号to也可以省略。 例:What you should do is (to) work hard.
谓语:说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。 它有人称、数、时态和语态的变化。
She wanted to be a pianist. She practised playing the piano every day. Having won the first prize in the competition held last year, she gained a great deal of confidence and worked harder than before.
He is a volunteer. He works for the nonprofit organization. He has been a member of the organization for 3 years. He is helping the homeless people. He will help the aged next week.
to be doing
表示的动作与谓语动词动作 同时发生或发生在谓语动词 动作之后。
表示的动作发生在谓语动词 动作之前。
表示的动作与谓语动词动作 同时发生。
we agree to meet at the cinema. The patient asked to be operated on at once. I happened to have seen the film.
Part 2 非谓语动词句法功能
➢ 动词不定式(to do)作表语
注意:
1.不定式作be动词的表语时可以和主语部分调换,说明主语的内容。 例:My dream is to make great contributions to our country. = To make great contributions to our country.is my dream
Part 1 非谓语动词概述
动词-ing形式的时态和语态
时态
wenku.baidu.com
形式
含义
例句
动名词 &
现在分词
一 主动:

doing
式 被动:
being done
主动:

having done

式 被动:
having been done
谓语动词所表示的动作 同时发生的主动或被动 的动作。
在谓语动词所表示的动 作之前发生的主动或被 动的动作。
2. Those selected as committee members will attend the meeting. (who are selected as committee members)
Part 2 非谓语动词句法功能
➢ 非谓语动词作主语 ➢ 非谓语动词作表语 ➢ 非谓语动词作宾语 ➢ 非谓语动词作定语 ➢ 非谓语动词作状语 ➢ 非谓语动词作补语
Part 2 非谓语动词句法功能
➢ 动词不定式(to do)作主语常用于以下句型
① It is +adj.+for sb. to do...(形容词为修饰事物的形容词,如:difficult/ easy/ important/ impossible等) 例:It is difficult for us to climb the mountain.
非谓语:无人称和数的变化,不单独作谓语, 但保留动词特点,可以有宾语或状语。
Part 1 非谓语动词概述
性质:非谓语动词也是动词的一种,它具有动词的特点,但在句子中起着名词、 形容词、副词的作用,充当主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、和 状语,即:除谓语以外的一切成分。
使用条件:一个句子当中,已经存在一个主句(谓语动词), 又没有连词的情 况下, 还有别的动词出现时, 这些动词就充当了非谓语动词。
①②③④这几个句型当中it作形式主语,真正的主语是动词不定式。
Part 2 非谓语动词句法功能
➢ 动词-ing形式(doing)作主语常用于以下句型
no use / good not any use / good

of little use / good worth 例:It is worth making an appointment before you go.
He is pleased to have been praised.
He pretended to be sleeping.
Part 1 非谓语动词概述
动词-ing形式(doing) 动词-ing形式分为动名词和现在分词。 (1)动名词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有名词的句法功能。 (2)现在分词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。
表示将来的动作
Anne Sullivan’s coming was to change her life.
表示过去的动作,用不定式的完成时,即to have done
He appears to have caught a cold.
表示被动的动作,用不定式的被动式,即to be done
Much remains to be done
② It is +adj.+ of sb. to do...(形容词为修饰人的形容词,如:kind/ clever/ foolish/ honest/ wise等) 例:It is stupid of you to tell him the news.
③ It is +n.+to do ... 例:It is a pity to tell you that they missed the train due to the bad weather.
Part 2 非谓语动词句法功能
➢ 动词不定式(to do)作表语
功能 用来说明主语的职业、身份、特征等
例句 My job is to teach you English.
表示主语的具体内容 (表“目的、愿望、梦想、需求”等名词作主语时,
其表语往往用不定式。)
Her wish was to become an artist.
Part 1 非谓语动词概述
动词过去分词形式(done)
过去分词往往表示被动或完成的含义,既具有动词的一些特征,又具有 形容词和副词的句法功能
当过去分词是单词时,一般用于名词前;如果是过去分词短语,则放在名词的后 面。过去分词短语作定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。 例:1.Our class went on an organized trip last Monday.
非谓语动词作表语
(to do & doing & done)
不定式、动词-ing形式和过去分词都可用作表语,但它们所表示的含 义却各不相同。常见系动词有:be, become, get, grow, turn, go, sound, taste, look, feel, smell, stay, keep, remain, seem, appear等。
➢ 过去分词作表语,相当于形容词,常用来修饰__指__人____的名词。
Part 1 非谓语动词概述
形式:
动词不定式 (to do)
动词-ing形式 (doing) 过去分词 (done)
主动形式:to do; to be doing; to have done; to have been doing
被动形式:to be done; to have been done 主动形式:doing; having done 被动形式:being done; having been done
Part 2 非谓语动词句法功能
非谓语动词作表语
(to do & doing & done)
总结
➢ 动名词在系动词之后作表语时,用来泛指_某__种__动___作__或__行__为____,以说明主语的身份,相 当于名词。 动名词作表语时,说明__主__语__的__内___容__,表示与主语一样的事情或情况 。 现在分词在系动词之后作表语时,用来说明事物(主语)的特征。相当于_形__容__词_____。
② 动词-ing形式(doing)在there be结构中作主语,即“There is no doing…”
这种结构的意思相当于“It is impossible to do… ” 例: There is no knowing when he would leave.
Part 2 非谓语动词句法功能
Part 2 非谓语动词句法功能
➢ 动词-ing形式(doing)作表语
功能
例句
用来泛指某种动作或行为,以说明主语的身份。
My greatest happiness is serving the people
表示主语的内容,表示与主语一样的事情或情况 。
Her hobby is painting.
④ It takes sb.+ some time +to do sth. 例:It takes me an hour to go to work.
⑤ 特殊疑问词who, when, where, how, what 等后加动词不定式(to do),在句中起名词作用,作主语。 例: When to start has not been decided yet.
用来说明事物(主语)的特征。相当于形容词。修饰
物时用-ing结尾的形容词。
The result of the student’s test is disappointing.
➢ 过去分词(done)作表语
功能
相当于形容词,放在系动词后面,常用来修饰人,说 明主语的感受或状况。
例句 He was depressed when he was told he failed in the driving test.
Part 2 非谓语动词句法功能
非谓语 动词
不定式 (to do)
动名词 (doing)
现在分词 (doing)
过去分词 (done)
非谓语动词的功能总结 主语 宾语 表语 定语
宾补
状语
Part 2 非谓语动词句法功能
非谓语动词作主语
(to do & doing)
动词不定式(to do)作主语
不定式作主语常表示具体的动作,尤其
Seeing is believing.
He came to the party without being invited. We remembered having seen the film. He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five.
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