高二英语经济预测单选题50题
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高二英语经济预测单选题50题
1. The GDP of a country measures the total value of all final goods and services produced within a country's borders _.
A. in a given year
B. for several years
C. since its establishment
D. in a future year
答案:A。
解析:GDP(国内生产总值)是衡量一个国家在特定的一年里,在其境内生产的所有最终商品和服务的总价值。
选项A“in a given year” 在给定的一年)符合GDP的定义中关于时间的界定。
选项B“for several years” 好几年)不是GDP计算的常规时间跨度。
选项C“since its establishment”(自从它建立以来)这种时间界定不符合GDP的计算方式。
选项D“in a future year”(在未来的一年),GDP 是对已经发生的生产成果的衡量,不是未来的。
2. Inflation refers to _.
A. a decrease in the general price level
B. an increase in the general price level
C. a stable price level
D. a random change in price level
答案:B。
解析:通货膨胀(Inflation)指的是总体物价水平的上升。
选项A“a decrease in the general price level” 总体物价水平下降)是通货紧缩的概念。
选项C“a stable price level”( 稳定的物价水平)与
通货膨胀概念相悖。
选项D“a random change in price level”(物价水平随机变化)没有准确表达通货膨胀是物价上升这一概念。
3. When a country has a trade surplus, it means that _.
A. its exports are greater than its imports
B. its imports are greater than its exports
C. its exports equal its imports
D. it has no foreign trade
答案:A。
解析:贸易顺差(trade surplus)意味着一个国家的出口 exports)大于进口 imports)。
选项B“its imports are greater than its exports”(进口大于出口)这是贸易逆差的情况。
选项C“its exports equal its imports”( 出口等于进口)这是贸易平衡的情况。
选项D“it has no foreign trade” 没有对外贸易)与贸易顺差概念毫无关系。
4. Which of the following is a key factor in calculating GDP?
A. Consumption only
B. Consumption and investment
C. Government spending only
D. Net exports only
答案:B。
解析:在计算GDP时,消费 Consumption)和投资Investment)是关键因素,同时政府支出(Government spending)和净出口(Net exports)也是重要组成部分。
选项A只提到消费是不全面的。
选项C只提到政府支出也是不完整的。
选项D只提到净出口同样不能完整计算GDP。
5. Unemployment rate is calculated as _.
A. the number of unemployed people divided by the total population
B. the number of unemployed people divided by the labor force
C. the number of employed people divided by the total population
D. the number of employed people divided by the labor force
答案:B。
解析:失业率 Unemployment rate)的计算是失业人数 the number of unemployed people)除以劳动力 the labor force)。
选项A用失业人数除以总人口是错误的,因为总人口包含非劳动力人口。
选项C用就业人数除以总人口不能得到失业率。
选项D用就业人数除以劳动力也不符合失业率的计算公式。
6. Fiscal policy mainly involves _.
A. changes in the money supply
B. changes in government spending and taxation
C. changes in interest rates
D. changes in exchange rates
答案:B。
解析:财政政策 Fiscal policy)主要涉及政府支出government spending)和税收 taxation)的变动。
选项A“changes in the money supply” 货币供应量的变化)属于货币政策范畴。
选项C“changes in interest rates”(利率的变化)也是货币政策相关内容。
选项D“changes in exchange rates”( 汇率的变化)与财政政策关系不大。
7. Monetary policy is usually implemented by _.
A. the government
B. commercial banks
C. the central bank
D. international financial institutions
答案:C。
解析:货币政策(Monetary policy)通常由中央银行(the central bank)实施。
选项A政府主要负责财政政策等事务。
选项B商业银行是金融体系的一部分,但不是货币政策的主要实施者。
选项D 国际金融机构主要处理国际间的金融事务,不是货币政策的实施主体。
8. A recession is typically characterized by _.
A. high economic growth
B. low unemployment
C. a decline in economic activity
D. high inflation
答案:C。
解析:经济衰退(A recession)通常的特征是经济活动economic activity)的下降。
选项A“high economic growth”(高经济增长)与衰退的概念相反。
选项B“low unemployment” 低失业率)通常不是衰退时期的特征,衰退时失业率往往较高。
选项D“high inflation” 高通货膨胀)不是经济衰退的典型特征。
9. Which economic concept is related to the ability of a firm to produce a good or service at a lower opportunity cost than another firm?
A. Comparative advantage
B. Absolute advantage
C. Marginal cost
D. Total cost
答案:A。
解析:比较优势(Comparative advantage)这一经济概念是指一个企业生产一种商品或服务的机会成本低于另一个企业的能力。
选项B绝对优势(Absolute advantage)是指一个国家或企业在生产某种产品时比其他国家或企业有更高的生产效率,与机会成本无关。
选项C边际成本 Marginal cost)是增加一单位产量所增加的成本,与比较优势概念不同。
选项D总成本(Total cost)是生产一定数量产品所花费的全部成本,也与比较优势概念无关。
10. If the price of a product increases and the quantity demanded decreases significantly, this product is _.
A. inelastic
B. elastic
C. unit - elastic
D. perfectly inelastic
答案:B。
解析:如果一种产品的价格上升,需求量显著下降,这种产品是富有弹性的 elastic)。
弹性 elasticity)衡量的是需求量或供给量对价格变动的反应程度。
选项A缺乏弹性 inelastic)表示价格变动时需求量变动不大。
选项C单位弹性(unit - elastic)表示价格变动的百分比等于需求量变动的百分比。
选项D完全无弹性perfectly inelastic)表示价格变动时需求量完全不变,与题目中需求量显著下降的情况不符。
11. In a simple linear regression model for predicting economic
growth, which variable is usually considered as the dependent variable?
A. Interest rate
B. GDP growth rate
C. Unemployment rate
D. Inflation rate
答案:B。
解析:在预测经济增长的简单线性回归模型中,GDP 国内生产总值)增长率通常被视为因变量,因为我们想要预测的是经济增长情况,而GDP增长是衡量经济增长的重要指标。
利率、失业率和通货膨胀率可能是影响经济增长的自变量,而不是被预测的对象。
12. When using a linear regression model to predict stock prices, if we assume that the relationship between the price and a certain factor is linear, which of the following statements about the slope of the regression line is correct?
A. A positive slope indicates that as the factor increases, the stock price always decreases.
B. A negative slope indicates that as the factor increases, the stock price always increases.
C. A positive slope indicates that as the factor increases, the stock price may increase.
D. A negative slope indicates that as the factor decreases, the stock price always decreases.
答案:C。
解析:在回归直线中,正斜率表明当自变量增加时,因变量(这里是股票价格)可能增加,但不是绝对会增加,A选项说正斜率时股票价格总是下降错误;负斜率表明自变量增加时股票价格可能下降,B选项错误;负斜率时自变量减少,股票价格可能增加而不是总是下降,D选项错误。
13. In an economic prediction model, if we want to include the impact of government policies on economic development, which of the following methods is more appropriate?
A. Ignoring government policies as they are too complex.
B. Considering government policies as a fixed constant.
C. Incorporating government policies as an independent variable.
D. Using government policies to replace all other variables.
答案:C。
解析:在经济预测模型中,如果要考虑政府政策对经济发展的影响,将政府政策作为一个自变量纳入模型是比较合适的。
忽略政府政策是不合理的,因为它对经济有重要影响,A选项错误;将其视为固定常数不能很好地体现其动态影响,B选项错误;用政府政策取代所有其他变量过于极端,D选项错误。
14. For an economic prediction model based on quarterly data, if the autocorrelation of the residuals is significant, what does it most likely indicate?
A. The model is perfect and no further improvement is needed.
B. There may be some unmodeled factors or a wrong model structure.
C. The data is completely wrong.
D. The sample size is too large.
答案:B。
解析:在基于季度数据的经济预测模型中,如果残差的自相关显著,这很可能表明存在一些未被建模的因素或者模型结构错误。
模型不是完美的,A选项错误;不能直接说明数据完全错误,C选项错误;也不是因为样本量太大,D选项错误。
15. In a multiple linear regression model for predicting consumer spending, which of the following variables is least likely to be included as an independent variable?
A. Consumer income
B. Population density
C. Weather conditions in Antarctica
D. Interest rate
答案:C。
解析:在预测消费者支出的多元线性回归模型中,南极洲的天气状况与消费者支出关系极小,不太可能被作为自变量包含在内。
消费者收入、人口密度和利率都可能对消费者支出有影响。
16. When building an economic prediction model, if we find that the variance of the error terms is not constant, which of the following techniques can we use to solve this problem?
A. Ignore this problem as it has little impact.
B. Use weighted least squares method.
C. Decrease the sample size.
D. Change all the variables to logarithms.
答案:B。
解析:当构建经济预测模型时,如果发现误差项的方差不是常数,我们可以使用加权最小二乘法来解决这个问题。
忽略这个问题是不对的,因为它会影响模型的准确性,A选项错误;减小样本量不能解决方差非恒定的问题,C选项错误;把所有变量都转换为对数不一定能解决这个问题,D选项错误。
17. In a linear regression model for predicting housing prices, if the coefficient of determination (R - squared) is 0.6, what does it mean?
A. 60% of the variation in housing prices can be explained by the independent variables in the model.
B. 40% of the variation in housing prices can be explained by the independent variables in the model.
C. The model is completely accurate.
D. The model has no practical value.
答案:A。
解析:在预测房价的线性回归模型中,决定系数(R - 平方)为0.6意味着模型中的自变量可以解释60%的房价变化。
B选项计算错误;模型的决定系数不是1,所以不是完全准确的,C选项错误;0.6的决定系数表明模型有一定的实用价值,D选项错误。
18. For an economic prediction model using time - series data, which of the following is an important consideration for model selection?
A. The color of the data plot.
B. The trend and seasonality of the data.
C. The font used in the data table.
D. The location where the data was collected.
答案:B。
解析:在使用时间序列数据的经济预测模型中,数据的趋势和季节性是模型选择的重要考虑因素。
数据图的颜色、数据表使用的字体和数据收集的地点与模型选择关系不大。
19. In a linear regression model for predicting economic indicators, if we increase the number of independent variables without proper justification, what is likely to happen?
A. The model will always become more accurate.
B. The model may suffer from over - fitting.
C. The model will have less variance.
D. The model will be easier to interpret.
答案:B。
解析:在预测经济指标的线性回归模型中,如果没有正当理由增加自变量的数量,模型可能会出现过拟合现象。
增加自变量不一定会使模型总是更准确,A选项错误;模型可能会有更大的方差而不是更小,C选项错误;模型会更难解释而不是更容易,D选项错误。
20. When using an economic prediction model to forecast business profits, which of the following is a crucial step before applying the model?
A. Praying for good luck.
B. Validating the model using historical data.
C. Changing all the numbers to Roman numerals.
D. Ignoring any outliers in the data.
答案:B。
解析:在使用经济预测模型预测企业利润时,在应用模型之前用历史数据验证模型是至关重要的一步。
祈祷好运不是科学的步骤,A选项错误;把所有数字改成罗马数字没有意义,C选项错误;忽略数据中的异常值可能会导致模型不准确,D选项错误。
21. In Country A, the government decides to cut taxes for small businesses. This is an example of which economic policy?
A. Expansionary fiscal policy
B. Contractionary fiscal policy
C. Expansionary monetary policy
D. Contractionary monetary policy
答案:A。
解析:扩张性财政政策(Expansionary fiscal policy)包括减税和增加政府支出等措施,政府为小企业减税属于扩张性财政政策。
选项B,紧缩性财政政策(Contractionary fiscal policy)主要是增税和减少政府支出。
选项C,扩张性货币政策(Expansionary monetary policy)通常涉及降低利率、增加货币供应量等操作,与减税无关。
选项D,紧缩性货币政策 Contractionary monetary policy)是提高利率、减少货币供应量等操作,也与减税不相关。
22. Country B's central bank raises the interest rates significantly. Which economic policy is this?
A. Expansionary fiscal policy
B. Contractionary fiscal policy
C. Expansionary monetary policy
D. Contractionary monetary policy
答案:D。
解析:紧缩性货币政策(Contractionary monetary policy)的一个重要手段就是提高利率。
提高利率会使借贷成本增加,从而减少投资和消费,抑制经济过热。
选项A,扩张性财政政策主要涉及政府财政方面的操作,如减税和增加支出,与利率提高无关。
选项B,紧缩性财政政策是关于政府税收和支出的调整,不是关于利率。
选项C,扩张性货币政策是降低利率、增加货币供应量等操作,与提高利率相反。
23. The government in Country C increases public spending on infrastructure projects. This is mainly related to
A. Expansionary monetary policy
B. Contractionary monetary policy
C. Expansionary fiscal policy
D. Contractionary fiscal policy
答案:C。
解析:扩张性财政政策(Expansionary fiscal policy)包含增加政府支出,政府增加对基础设施项目的公共支出属于这一政策。
这有助于刺激经济增长,创造就业机会等。
选项A,扩张性货币政策主要是通过货币政策工具,如降低利率等,与政府公共支出增加无关。
选项B,紧缩性货币政策是提高利率等操作,与公共支出无关。
选项D,紧缩性财政政策是减少政府支出或增加税收,与题目中的增加公共支出不符。
24. Country D's government reduces the amount of money in circulation by selling government bonds. This is a measure of
A. Expansionary fiscal policy
B. Contractionary fiscal policy
C. Expansionary monetary policy
D. Contractionary monetary policy
答案:D。
解析:当政府出售政府债券时,会回笼资金,减少流通中的货币量,这是紧缩性货币政策(Contractionary monetary policy)的一种措施。
选项A,扩张性财政政策主要是减税或增加政府支出等,与出售债券减少货币量无关。
选项B,紧缩性财政政策主要是增税或减少政府支出,不是关于货币量的直接操作。
选项C,扩张性货币政策是增加货币供应量的操作,与出售债券减少货币量相悖。
25. In Country E, the central bank lowers the reserve requirement ratio for commercial banks. This economic policy is
A. Expansionary fiscal policy
B. Contractionary fiscal policy
C. Expansionary monetary policy
D. Contractionary monetary policy
答案:C。
解析:扩张性货币政策(Expansionary monetary policy)的一种手段是降低商业银行的存款准备金率。
这会使商业银行有更多的资金可用于放贷,从而增加货币供应量,刺激经济发展。
选项A,扩张性财政政策主要涉及政府财政收支方面的操作,与银行准备金率
无关。
选项B,紧缩性财政政策主要是关于政府税收和支出的调整,与银行准备金率无关。
选项D,紧缩性货币政策是提高准备金率等操作,与降低准备金率相反。
26. Country F wants to control inflation by reducing government subsidies. This belongs to
A. Expansionary fiscal policy
B. Contractionary fiscal policy
C. Expansionary monetary policy
D. Contractionary monetary policy
答案:B。
解析:紧缩性财政政策 Contractionary fiscal policy)包括减少政府支出,政府减少补贴属于减少政府支出的一种,这有助于控制通货膨胀。
选项A,扩张性财政政策是增加政府支出或减税等操作,与减少补贴相反。
选项C,扩张性货币政策主要是通过货币政策工具刺激经济,与政府补贴无关。
选项D,紧缩性货币政策主要是通过货币政策工具控制货币量等,与政府补贴无关。
27. The government in Country G gives tax incentives to encourage foreign direct investment. This is an example of
A. Expansionary fiscal policy
B. Contractionary fiscal policy
C. Expansionary monetary policy
D. Contractionary monetary policy
答案:A。
解析:扩张性财政政策(Expansionary fiscal policy)包
含减税等措施,政府给予税收激励以鼓励外国直接投资属于减税范畴,目的是促进经济发展。
选项B,紧缩性财政政策是增税或减少政府支出,与给予税收激励相反。
选项C,扩张性货币政策主要是通过货币政策工具刺激经济,与税收激励无关。
选项D,紧缩性货币政策主要是通过货币政策工具控制货币量等,与税收激励无关。
28. Country H's central bank prints more money to boost the economy. This is
A. Expansionary fiscal policy
B. Contractionary fiscal policy
C. Expansionary monetary policy
D. Contractionary monetary policy
答案:C。
解析:扩张性货币政策(Expansionary monetary policy)的一种手段是增加货币供应量,央行印更多的钱就是增加货币供应量,以刺激经济增长。
选项A,扩张性财政政策主要涉及政府财政收支方面的操作,与央行印钱无关。
选项B,紧缩性财政政策主要是关于政府税收和支出的调整,与央行印钱无关。
选项D,紧缩性货币政策是减少货币供应量等操作,与印钱增加货币供应量相反。
29. In Country I, the government increases import tariffs. This policy is related to
A. Expansionary fiscal policy
B. Contractionary fiscal policy
C. Protectionist trade policy which can affect economic structure
D. Expansionary monetary policy
答案:C。
解析:政府提高进口关税是一种保护主义贸易政策Protectionist trade policy),这会影响国内的经济结构,比如保护本国产业免受外国竞争,但不属于财政政策或货币政策。
选项A,扩张性财政政策主要是减税或增加政府支出等操作,与进口关税无关。
选项B,紧缩性财政政策主要是增税或减少政府支出,与进口关税无关。
选项D,扩张性货币政策主要是通过货币政策工具刺激经济,与进口关税无关。
30. Country J's government decides to increase spending on education and healthcare. This is an example of
A. Expansionary fiscal policy
B. Contractionary fiscal policy
C. Expansionary monetary policy
D. Contractionary monetary policy
答案:A。
解析:扩张性财政政策(Expansionary fiscal policy)包括增加政府支出,政府增加教育和医疗方面的支出属于增加政府支出,这有助于促进经济发展,提高人力资本等。
选项B,紧缩性财政政策是减少政府支出或增加税收,与增加教育和医疗支出相反。
选项C,扩张性货币政策主要是通过货币政策工具刺激经济,与政府在教育和医疗方面的支出无关。
选项D,紧缩性货币政策主要是通过货币政策工具控制货币量等,与政府在教育和医疗方面的支出无关。
31. In the context of international trade, a multinational company is
considering investing in a new market. Which of the following factors is LEAST likely to influence its investment decision?
A. Political stability of the host country
B. The language spoken in the host country
C. Market size and potential growth of the host country
D. The regulatory environment for foreign investment in the host country
答案:B。
解析:在跨国公司的对外投资决策中,A选项,东道国的政治稳定是非常重要的因素,政治不稳定可能带来政策变动、社会动荡等风险,影响企业投资。
C选项,东道国的市场规模和潜在增长力对投资决策影响很大,较大的市场规模和良好的增长潜力意味着更多的盈利机会。
D选项,东道国对外资的监管环境,例如税收政策、准入限制等会直接影响企业的投资成本和运营模式。
而B选项,东道国所使用的语言虽然可能在一定程度上影响沟通,但相比于其他三个因素,对投资决策的影响是最小的。
32. According to the rules of the World Trade Organization (WTO), which of the following practices is considered unfair trade?
A. Offering subsidies to domestic farmers to boost agricultural exports
B. Importing high - tech products to meet domestic demand
C. Signing free - trade agreements with neighboring countries
D. Encouraging domestic consumers to buy more imported goods
答案:A。
解析:在世界贸易组织(WTO)规则下,A选项,给国内农民提供补贴以促进农产品出口属于不公平贸易行为。
这种补贴可能会使本国农产品在国际市场上具有价格优势,扭曲了正常的市场竞争。
B选项,进口高科技产品满足国内需求是正常的贸易行为。
C 选项,与邻国签订自由贸易协定是促进贸易自由化的积极行为。
D选项,鼓励国内消费者购买更多进口商品有助于国际贸易的平衡发展,不属于不公平贸易行为。
33. When a country imposes a high tariff on imported automobiles, which of the following is the most likely consequence?
A. Domestic automobile producers will face more intense competition
B. Consumers in this country will have more choices of automobiles
C. The price of imported automobiles will increase significantly
D. Foreign automobile companies will increase their investment in this country immediately
答案:C。
解析:当一个国家对进口汽车征收高额关税时,C选项,进口汽车的价格将显著增加。
因为关税是加在进口商品价格之上的额外费用,这会导致进口汽车的成本上升,从而价格提高。
A选项,国内汽车生产商将面临更少的竞争,因为高额关税会限制进口汽车的竞争力。
B选项,该国消费者的汽车选择会减少,因为进口汽车价格变高,数量可能减少。
D选项,外国汽车公司不太可能立即增加在该国的投资,因为高额关税增加了成本和风险。
34. In international trade, if a country has a comparative advantage in
textile production, what does it mean?
A. It can produce textiles at a lower opportunity cost than other countries
B. It has the most advanced textile production technology in the world
C. It produces more textiles than any other country
D. It has the cheapest labor cost in textile production
答案:A。
解析:在国际贸易中,如果一个国家在纺织品生产上有比较优势,A选项意味着它能以比其他国家更低的机会成本生产纺织品。
比较优势是指一个国家在生产某种产品时,相对于其他产品而言,其机会成本更低,而不是说它有最先进的技术(B选项),或者生产数量最多 C选项),虽然廉价劳动力 D选项)可能是形成比较优势的一个因素,但比较优势的本质是较低的机会成本。
35. A developing country wants to attract more foreign direct investment (FDI). Which of the following policies is the most effective?
A. Imposing high corporate income tax on foreign - invested enterprises
B. Restricting the repatriation of profits by foreign - invested enterprises
C. Offering preferential land - use policies and infrastructure support to foreign - invested enterprises
D. Prohibiting foreign - invested enterprises from hiring local employees
答案:C。
解析:一个发展中国家想要吸引更多的外国直接投资FDI),C选项,向外资企业提供优惠的土地使用政策和基础设施支持是最有效的。
这可以降低外资企业的运营成本,提高投资吸引力。
A选项,对外资企业征收高额企业所得税会增加企业成本,不利于吸引投资。
B选项,限制外资企业利润汇回会让外资企业担忧投资回报,降低投资意愿。
D选项,禁止外资企业雇佣当地员工是不合理的政策,也会大大降低外资企业的投资积极性。
36. Which of the following statements about the balance of trade is correct?
A. A trade surplus means that a country's imports exceed its exports
B. A trade deficit is always bad for a country's economic development
C. A trade balance occurs when a country's exports equal its imports
D. A large trade surplus indicates that a country is not efficient in using its resources
答案:C。
解析:关于贸易平衡,C选项正确,当一个国家的出口等于进口时就实现了贸易平衡。
A选项,贸易顺差是指一个国家的出口超过进口,而不是进口超过出口。
B选项,贸易赤字并不总是对一个国家的经济发展有害,在某些情况下,如利用进口资源发展本国经济时,可能是暂时有利的。
D选项,大量的贸易顺差并不意味着一个国家没有有效利用其资源,相反,可能表示该国在某些产品上具有很强的国际竞争力。
37. In the international investment market, if a multinational
corporation decides to diversify its investment portfolio by investing in emerging economies. What is the main advantage of this strategy?
A. Avoiding high - tech competition in developed countries
B. Taking advantage of the high - growth potential and relatively low - cost resources in emerging economies
C. Reducing the impact of currency fluctuations in developed countries
D. Complying with the investment requirements of international organizations
答案:B。
解析:在国际投资市场,如果一家跨国公司决定通过投资新兴经济体来分散其投资组合,B选项这种策略的主要优势是利用新兴经济体的高增长潜力和相对低成本的资源。
新兴经济体通常有较大的发展空间,资源成本相对较低,这为企业带来更多的盈利机会。
A选项,避免发达国家的高科技竞争不是主要优势,因为在新兴经济体也可能面临竞争。
C选项,减少发达国家货币波动的影响不是这种投资策略的主要目的。
D选项,符合国际组织的投资要求不是主要考虑因素,企业更多是从自身利益出发。
38. Under the rules of the World Trade Organization, which of the following is not allowed for member countries?
A. Protecting domestic infant industries through temporary tariffs
B. Imposing discriminatory trade policies against a specific member country without justifiable reasons
C. Using anti - dumping measures when there is evidence of dumping from other countries
D. Promoting domestic environmental protection through green trade policies
答案:B。
解析:在世贸组织规则下,B选项,没有正当理由对特定成员国实施歧视性贸易政策是不被允许的。
世贸组织倡导公平、非歧视性的贸易原则。
A选项,通过临时关税保护国内幼稚产业是允许的,这有助于国内产业的发展。
C选项,当有证据表明其他国家存在倾销行为时使用反倾销措施是合法的。
D选项,通过绿色贸易政策促进国内环境保护也是被允许的,这符合可持续发展的理念。
39. A country has a large amount of foreign exchange reserves. Which of the following statements is correct?
A. It must have a large trade surplus
B. It can use these reserves to stabilize its currency exchange rate
C. It indicates that the country has a weak economic structure
D. It means that the country has no need to attract foreign investment
答案:B。
解析:一个国家有大量外汇储备,B选项正确,它可以利用这些储备来稳定其货币汇率。
当本国货币面临升值或贬值压力时,可以通过买卖外汇储备来调节汇率。
A选项,有大量外汇储备不一定意味着有很大的贸易顺差,外汇储备的来源是多样的,如外国投资等。
C选项,大量外汇储备并不表明国家经济结构薄弱,反而可能是经济实力的一种体现。
D选项,有大量外汇储备不代表不需要吸引
外资,外资可以带来技术、管理经验等其他好处。
40. When two countries negotiate a free - trade agreement, which of the following aspects is most likely to be included?
A. Limiting the number of tourists traveling between the two countries
B. Imposing higher tariffs on certain goods not included in the agreement
C. Reducing or eliminating tariffs on a wide range of goods and services
D. Forcing domestic companies to give up their intellectual property rights
答案:C。
解析:当两个国家谈判自由贸易协定时,C选项,减少或取消广泛的商品和服务的关税是最有可能被包含的方面。
自由贸易协定的主要目的是促进贸易自由化,减少贸易壁垒,而降低或取消关税是实现这一目的的重要手段。
A选项,限制两国间游客数量与自由贸易协定的目标相悖。
B选项,对未包含在协定中的某些商品征收更高关税不是自由贸易协定的常见内容。
D选项,强迫国内公司放弃知识产权是不合理且不符合贸易规则的内容。
41. The 2008 financial crisis was partly caused by the subprime mortgage crisis in the United States. Which of the following best describes the subprime mortgage?
A. Mortgages given to borrowers with high credit scores
B. Mortgages given to borrowers with low or no down payments and often poor credit histories
C. Mortgages only for commercial real estate projects
D. Mortgages with extremely high interest rates from the start
答案:B。
解析:次级抵押贷款(subprime mortgage)主要是发放给那些首付低或者无首付并且信用记录往往较差的借款人。
A选项中向高信用分数的借款人发放的贷款不是次级贷款的特征。
C选项说只针对商业房地产项目是错误的,次级贷款也涉及住宅等方面。
D选项中说一开始就有极高利率并不准确,次级贷款的问题更多是与借款人的还款能力和信用状况相关,并非起始利率的问题。
42. During an economic crisis, the unemployment rate usually rises significantly. Which of the following is NOT a direct consequence of high unemployment?
A. Decrease in consumer spending
B. Increase in government tax revenues
C. Social unrest may increase
D. Lower GDP growth
答案:B。
解析:在高失业率期间,消费者支出会减少,因为很多人失去工作后收入降低,A选项正确。
高失业率可能会导致社会不稳定因素增加,C选项正确。
失业率高也会拉低GDP增长,因为劳动力资源没有得到有效利用,D选项正确。
而高失业率时,政府税收收入通常会减少,因为失业人员没有工资收入也就没有所得税等税收。