(完整word版)初中英语句子成分及五种基本句型讲解与练习()
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句子成分 &五种基本句型
一、考点、热点回顾
I.【句子的成分】
在英文中句子成分包括:主、、(直接、接)、表、
定和状、足等。
(一)主:主是述的象,表示所的“是什么” 或“是”。
一般由
名、代、不定式或相当于名的或短来充当。
它在句首。
如:(1) Lucy is a beautiful nurse.(名作主)
(2) He reads newspapers every day.(代作主)
(3) Smoking is harmful to the health.(名作主)
(4) To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.(不定式作主)
(5) What we should do is not yet decided.(主从句作主)
(二)
明主“做什么”“是什么” 或“怎么”。
(部分里主要的)必是。
和主在人称和数两方面必一致。
它在主后边。
如: His parents are teachers.(系作)
We study hard. We don’t finish
(行作)
reading the book.(助和行一起作)
He can speak English.(情和行一起作)
(三)
是作、行的象,由名、代、不定式或相当于名的、短
来担当,它和及物一起明主做什么。
一般放在此后。
She is doing her homework now.(名作)
She says(that)she is ill.(从句作)
We often help him.(代作)
He likes to play basketball.(不定式作)
We enjoy listening to the music.我喜听音。
(名短作)明 1:是及物涉及到的人或物,一般放在及物此后。
介后边的名或代或名,称介。
名、代、数常在句中做
或介。
别的,不定式可作;名和从句也可用作。
明 2:及物作,后边要跟。
分直接和接。
直
接是及物的直接象,直接指物,接平时是及物的作
所及的人,接指人。
接一般放在直接从前。
不是所有的及物都可以用双。
有的可以跟。
如:give, show (⋯⋯看),bring, pass, buy 等。
如:( 1) Our teacher tells us a story.
(2) The sun gives us light.
接若是放在直接此后,在表示“人”的接从前会出介“ to ”或“ for ”。
★ 接前加“to ”的有:
give, show,send, bring,read,pass,
lend,
leave,hand, tell,return, write, throw, promise(答应), refuse(拒绝)等。
★间接宾语加“ for ”的有:
make, buy, do, get, play, order(命令), sing, pay等
(1)I give him a book.改成:
(2)He passes me the book.(他将书递给我。
)改成:
(3)He writes me a letter.改成:
( 4) He will buy me some books.改成:
( 5) She is making me a cake.改成:
(四)宾语补足语
在宾语后边补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特色的成分,称为宾语补足语。
名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式、分词等可用作宾语补足语。
宾语
和宾语补足语称为复合宾语。
如: They make her happy.(形容词)
I see her dance.(省to的不定式)
We’ll help you to make the Olympics a success.(名词)Please let him in.(副词)
We heard her singing a song.(分词短语)
(五)表语
表语说明主语“ 是什么”也许“ 怎么样”,由名词、形容词、副词、介词、
不定式及名词或形容词短语来担当。
它的地址在系动词后边。
如: I am a teacher.(名词)
He is always happy.(形容词)
They are on the playground now.(介词短语)
It gets cold.(形容词)
Be动词( am, is ,are, was, were)
系动词表保持( keep, stay, remain)
表改变( get , become, turn )
感官动词(feel ,sound(听起来),seem/look (看起来),taste (尝起来),smell (闻起来))
如: It sounds interesting.(sound为系动词,interesting为表语)We should all remain careful.(Remain为系动词,careful为表语)(六)定语
定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。
形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不
等式或相当于形容词的词或短语等。
单个词作定语时,平时放在它所修饰的名词从前。
如: The black bike is mine.(形容词)
What’s your name? They make paper flowers.(代词)
(名词)
说明 1:当定语修饰不定代词: nothing, anything, everything, something 等时,定语在不定代词后边。
如:I tell him something interesting.
(形容 interesting作不定代something的后置定)
He has something to do.(to do不定式作后置定)
明 2:短或从句作定,也放在被修的名此后。
如: The boys in the room are in Class Four.(in the room是介短作the boys的后置定。
)
(七)状
修、形容、副。
一般表示行生的、地址、目的、方式、
程度等意,一般由副、介短、不定式或相当于副的或短来表示。
状一般放在句末,但有的可以放在句首、句中。
如: He did it carefully.(副)
We often help him.(副)
Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday.(介短)
When I grow up, I am going to be a teacher.(从句作状)
He sits there.(副地址状)
II.【五种基本句型】
A. 主 +不及物 ( 主 )
如: The sun rises.太阳升起来。
The car stopped.小汽停下来了。
rise和 stop 都是不及物,因此后不用加。
B.主 +及物 +( 主 )
如: I love my country.
He helps me.
I like action movies.
I buy a book.
C.主 +系 +表 ( 主系表 )
如: Her brother is a driver.
We feel happy.(feel系,表示感觉⋯⋯)
It gets dark.天黑了。
(get系,表示得)
Tom looks ill. Tom看上去病了。
(look系,表示看上去,看起来)
D.主 +及物 +双(直接、接) ( 主 +直 +)
如: He gives Tom a present.(双)他姆一件礼物。
Mother make a new dress for me.(双)我做了一件衣服。
E.主 +及物 ++足 ( 主+ + +)
如: They call her Mary.()他叫她Mary。
We make our classroom clean and tidy.()我使我的教室干
而整。
He always makes us laugh.()他使我笑。
二、典型例题
写出划部分的句子成分。
1.Lily is cleaning the desk now.
2.Her garden is the best in our town.
3.Liu Ming is thirteen years old.
4.I like this book very much.
5.The girl on the blue bike is Jane’s sister.
6.She didn ’t come to my party because she was ill.
7.Wang Ping does his homework carefully.
8.We will go to the Children’s Palace once a week.
9.They are in the classroom.
10.It sounds good.
11.His name is Paul.
12.We always go to school early.
三、课后练习
( 一)挑出以下句中的宾语
①?My brother?doesn't?do?his homework.
②?People?all?over?the world?speak?English.
③You must pay?good?attention?to?your?pronunciation.
④ How many new?words?do?you?learn?
A B C D
⑤ Some students in the school want to go
swimming, how about you?
A B C D
( 二)挑出以下句中的表语
①The old man is feeling very tired.
A B C D
② Why is he worried about Jim?
A B C D
③The leaves have turned yellow.
A B C D
④ Soon They all become interested in the subject.
A B C D
⑤ She is the first to learn about it.
A B C D
( 三)挑出以下句中的定语
①They use Mr. Mrs. with the familyname.
A B C D
②What is your given name?
A B C D
③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.
A B C D
④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.
A B C D
⑤The man downstairs was trying to sleep.
A B C D
(四 ) 挑出以下句中的宾语补足语
① She likes the children to read newspapers & books in the reading-room.
③A B
② He asks
A B
She find it
C D
her to take the boy out of school.
C D
difficult to do the work.
④⑤
A B C
They call
A B C
I saw
A B C
D
me Lily
D
Mr. Wang
D
sometimes.
get on the bus.
( 五)挑出以下句中的状语
①There is a big smile on her face.
A B C D
②Every night he heard the noise upstairs.
A B C D
③ He began to learn English when he was eleven.
A B C D
④The man on the motorbike is travelling to fast.
A B C D
⑤With the medicine box under her arm,Miss Li
A B C D
hurried off.
( 六)划出句中的直接宾语()和间接宾语()
①Please tell us a story.
②My father bought a new bike for me last week.
③Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.
④Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.
⑤Does he leave any message for me?
( 七) 写出以下句子的结构
1.They work hard. ______________
2.The flowers are dead. ____________
3.Plants need water. ______________
4.He gave me some seeds. ___________
5.We should keep the plant in the shade. ____________
6.Many animals live in trees. _________
7.The cake tastes delicious. __________
8.Class begins at eight every day. _____
(完满word版)初中英语句子成分及五种基本句型讲解与练习()
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