2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习阅读理解推理判断题专练三观点态度类

2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习阅读理解推理判断题专练三观点态度类(xx·河南、河北七所名校联考)
When it es to writing work emails, there are many rules to follow. In the past, people always wanted to e across as someone who's calm and professional, which workplace manners experts say means they wanted to hold back their love for emoticons (表情符号) while on the job.
But language is always changing, and a recent national survey in the US found that 76 percent of Americans said that they had used emoticons in digital munication at work. The most popular emoticon is the happy face.
Lindsey Pollak, a US career coach who works with Millennials (千禧一代), has also noticed that emoticons have gone from being inappropriate for the workplace to being accepted. The reason behind this, according to her, is largely due to the changing of people in a particular age group of the workforce. Millennials are now the biggest generation in the American workforce. “A few years ago, emoticons were absolutely seen as very young and very personal，” Pollak said. “Over the past few years... I've seen emoticons bee more acceptable. I see them more frequently not just from Millennials but from all generations at the workplace.”
“People tend to use emoticons to just add that little bit of extra change in the tone when there's something awkward or potentially offensive, or when they might take in things in the wrong way，” explains Lauren Collister, a sociolinguist. In life and work, many of us have used emoticons to send positive atmosphere or soften statements.
Pollak, however, warns against being too casual at work. Her advice is to be aware of who the audience is. “Frankly, I wouldn't use a happy face with any CEO in the US. I wouldn't use a happy face with the people of a certain level no matter how monplace and acceptable it has bee，” she said. “You can make or break a relationship with one email these days.”
【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍了表情符号在工作邮件中的使用越来越流行的原因以及人们对此要注意的方面。

1．What does the author say about past working people?
A．They were calm and professional.
B．They used more serious emoticons.
C．They were not fond of emoticons.
D．They avoided using emoticons at the workplace.
解析：D 考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“they wanted to hold back their love for emoticons (表情符号) while on the job”可知，以前的职员在工作中抑制自己对表情符号的喜爱，即避免使用表情符号。

故选D。

根据第一段中的“people always wanted to e a cross as someone who's calm and professional”可排除A项。

2．What can people use emoticons to do at the workplace?
A．Make it personal to municate.
B．Keep up with the trend of the times.
C．Show a positive attitude to the receiver.
D．Help them share their ideas and feelings.
解析：C 考查推理判断。

根据第四段的内容可知，当尴尬或者可能冒犯别人的事情发生时，或者可能误解了某事时，人们往往会使用表情符号来稍微改变一下语气，传达积极的交流氛围或者让表达变得缓和。

也就是说，在工作场合，人们可以通过表情符号来向接收者表达自己积极的态度。

故选C。

3．What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A．Emoticons should be used with caution.
B．There are strict limitations on emoticon using.
C．All the US CEOs are against the use of emoticons.
D．Emoticons can greatly help bring people close.
解析：A 考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“Pollak, however, warns against being too casual at work”“I wouldn't use a happy face with any CEO in the US. I wouldn't use a happy face with the people of a certain level” “You can make or break a relationship with one email these days”可知，人们在使用表情符号时要谨慎，要分场合分人，不能随意使用表情符号。

4．What's the writer's attitude towards the use of emoticons at work?
A．Subjective. B．Objective.
C．Doubtful. D．Opposing.
解析：B 考查作者态度。

纵观全文可知，作者既谈到了表情符号的流行及作用，也谈到了人们在使用表情符号时需要注意的地方。

因此作者的态度是客观的，故选B。

B
(xx·河南省第二次统一检测)
Half of primary schools will adopt the traditional Chinese method of maths teaching in a Government drive to stop British youngsters from falling behind their_Asian_counterparts.
Youngsters in the UK are way behind those in China, Singapore and Japan in numeracy (计算能力). In the latest PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) tests for 15­year­olds, Shanghai came top in m aths while the UK came 26th.
The school will give up “child­centred” styles and instead return to repetition, drills and “chalk and talk” whole­class learning. Primary school children will be taught “Shanghai maths” as British schools copy Chinese teaching methods to improve standards. So far 140 teachers have been trained in the approach.
Currently, classes are often divided into groups based on ability. Critics blame the British teaching styles that focused on applying maths to real­life situations in an effort to make the subject more interesting. They say this has led to confusion and stopped children learning the basics. Under the Government's new plans, children as young as five will have drills to practise sums and exercises, and must master each concept before moving to the next.
Nick Gibb, the schools minister, said that training will be provided for 8 000 primary schools —half the country's total —to switch to the Shanghai “mastery” approach.
“We are seeing a renaissance (复兴) in maths teaching in this country, with good ideas from around the world helping to cheer up our classrooms，” he said.
【文章大意】本文是一则新闻报道。

英国半数小学课堂将推行中国传统的数学教学模式来提高孩子们的数学计算能力，以防止英国青少年在数学上落后于亚洲同龄人。

5．The underlined words “their Asian counterparts” in Paragraph 1 refer to ________.
A．the weak pupils in Asia
B．the young students in Asia
C．the primary schools in Asia
D．the maths teachers in Asia
解析：B 指代判断题。

根据第一段中的“British youngsters”可知，此处指英国政府将在半数英国小学课堂推行中国传统的数学教学法，以防止英国少年落后于亚洲同龄人。

由此可推断出，画线部分指的是Asian youngsters，即亚洲的少年们。

故选B。

6．Which o f the following is an approach of “Shanghai maths”？
A．Children can choose to learn what interests them.
B．Children are given different work based on their ability.
C．Children are taught in groups rather than as an entire class.
D．Children are required to master a concept before they progress.
解析：D 细节理解题。

根据关键句可知，“上海数学”要求孩子们在学习更深一层的知识之前一定要掌握每一个概念。

故选D。

关键句：... and must master each concept before moving to the next.(第四段最后一句)
译文：……而且必须先掌握每一个概念，然后才能学习新的知识。

7．Recently, some British maths teachers have been trained to ________.
A．increase the difficulty level
B．conduct “child­centred” classes
C．guide students to repeat and drill
D．meet the needs of smart students
解析：C 推理判断题。

根据关键句并结合第三段最后一句可推知，一些英国数学老师接受培训是为了指导学生重复、训练。

故选C。

关键句：The school will give up “child­centred” styles and instead return to repetition, drills and “chalk and talk” whole­class learning.(第三段第一句) 译文：学校将放弃“以孩子为中心”的模式，转而采取重复、练习和“填鸭式”整班教学法。

8．What is Nick Gibb's attitude toward the new teaching style?
A．Supportive. B．Doubtful.
C．Cautious. D．Negative.
解析：A 观点态度题。

根据关键句可推知，Nick Gibb非常支持这种新的教学模式。

故选A。

关键句：“We are seeing a renaissance (复兴) in maths teaching in this country, with good ideas from around the world helping to cheer up our classrooms，” he said.(最后一段)
译文：他说：“通过采用全世界的优秀理念来使课堂重获生机，我国的数学教学事业正在我们的见证下走向复兴。

”
C
(xx·东北三校二模)
For generations, students were taught to stretch before playing games. Then the practice fell out of favor. Studies seemed to show that such stretching temporarily reduces muscular power, weakens athletic performance and increases the risk of injury. So most fitness experts currently advise against stretches before exercise. But now a new research indicates that they might not be such a bad idea after all.
This month, the journal, Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism (APNM), published a study by four distinguished exercise scientists who analyzed more than 200 studies of how stretching affects the following exercise. In broad terms, they found that stretching can briefly prevent the ability to generate power. So if you reach for your toes and hold that position, tightening your hamstrings (腿筋), you might not then be able to leap as high or start a dash as forcefully as you don't stretch.
Those undesirable effects were generally found, however, only if each stretch was held for more than 60 seconds and the subject then immediately became fully active, with no further warm­up. “Outside the lab, most people are unlikely to hold a warm­up stretch for longer than about 30 seconds，” Dr. McHugh, the co­author of the study says. The review found few lasting negative impacts from these short stretches. especially if the volunteers followed that stretching with several minutes of jogging or other basic warm­up movements. In fact, these short stretches turned out to have a positive effect.
Do these findings mean that all the athletes should stretch in advance before a match? “Not necessarily，” Dr. McHugh says. “Runners and cyclists don't have much risk for acute muscle injuries.” Stretching before these activities is unlikely to protect against injury. Runners and cyclists can adequately warm up by jogging or pedaling lightly. But he suggests that people who play basketball and other ball sports should stretch in advance. Those who haven't stretched since childhood gym class might want to consider consulting an athletic trainer about the best upper and lower body stretches, particularly for the shoulders and hamstrings.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。

运动前是否要进行拉伸？拉伸时间的长短需要注意吗？所有的运动都需要提前拉伸吗？阅读本文你将找到这些问题的答案。

9．Which of the following statements agrees with most fitness experts?
A．Before playing a game you should stretch your legs and arms.
B．After attending a match you should stretch your legs and arms.
C．It's harmful to stretch your legs and arms before playing games.
D．It doesn't matter whether you stretch or not before playing games.
解析：C 细节理解题。

根据关键句可知，大多数专家建议运动前不要进行拉伸运动，C 项与专家建议相符。

故选C项。

关键句：So most fitness experts currently advise against stretches before exercise.(第一段倒数第二句)
译文：因此，大多数健身专家建议锻炼前不要进行拉伸运动。

10．According to the new research, people may suffer negative impacts when ________.
A．they do stretches after attending a game
B．they reach for toes and hold that position
C．following a stretch with several minutes' jogging
D．dashing immediately after one 60­second plus stretch
解析：D 推理判断题。

根据第三段第一句“Those undesirable ef fects were generally found, however, only if each stretch was held for more than 60 seconds and the subject then immediately became fully active, with no further warm­up.”可知，身体拉伸超过1分钟，没有进一步的热身运动而立即运动的话，那些不良影响就会出现。

由此可推断D 项“拉伸超过1分钟后立刻猛跑”是不好的。

故选D项。

11．We can learn from the passage that ________.
A．all athletes should not stretch in advance
B．the four scientists published the journal APNM
C．it's unnecessary for a tennis player to do warm­up stretches
D．players ought to have done warm­up stretches since childhood
解析：A 细节理解题。

根据关键句并结合下文Dr. McHugh所举的例子可知，并不是所有的运动员都应该提前做拉伸运动。

故选A项。

关键句：Do these findings mean that all the athletes should stretch in advance before a match? “Not necessarily，” Dr. McHugh says.(最后一段第一、二句) 译文：这些发现意味所有的运动员在比赛前都应该做拉伸运动吗？“不一定，”Dr. McHugh说。

12．What's Dr. McHugh's attitude toward stretches?
A．Concerned. B．Doubtful.
C．Disapproving. D．Objective
解析：D 推理判断题。

根据最后一段Dr. McHugh说的话及所举的例子可知，他认为拉伸运动应视情况而定，因此可推断出Dr. McHugh的观点是客观的。

故选D项。

长难句分析：This month, the journal, Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism(APNM), published a study by four distinguished exercise scientists who analyzed more than 200 studies of how stretching affects the following exercise.(第二段第一句)
分析：本句是复合句。

who引导定语从句，作从句的主语，先行词是four distinguished exercise scientists；how引导宾语从句。

作介词of的宾语。

译文：本月，《应用生理学，营养与新陈代谢》杂志发布了一项由四位杰出的运动科学家所做研究的结果；他们分析了超过200个关于拉伸运动是如何影响接下来的运动的研究。