高三生态环境英语阅读理解30题

高三生态环境英语阅读理解30题
1
<背景文章>
Global warming is one of the most serious issues facing our planet today. The main cause of global warming is the increase in greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. These gases trap heat in the atmosphere and cause the Earth's temperature to rise.
The burning of fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and gas, is the largest source of greenhouse gas emissions. Deforestation also contributes to global warming by reducing the number of trees that absorb carbon dioxide.
The effects of global warming are far-reaching. Rising sea levels threaten coastal communities and low-lying islands. More frequent and intense heat waves, storms, and droughts can damage crops and disrupt food supplies. Changes in weather patterns can also affect wildlife and ecosystems.
To address global warming, we need to take action on multiple fronts. We can reduce our carbon footprint by using energy-efficient appliances, driving less, and using public transportation. We can also support renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power. In addition, reforestation can help absorb carbon dioxide and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
1. The main cause of global warming is _____.
A. deforestation
B. the increase in greenhouse gases
C. natural disasters
D. overpopulation
答案：B。

中文解析：文章中明确提到“The main cause of global warming is the increase in greenhouse gases”，全球变暖的主要原因是温室气体的增加。

A 选项森林砍伐也是导致全球变暖的一个因素，但不是主要原因；C 选项自然灾害不是全球变暖的主要原因；D 选项人口过多也不是全球变暖的主要原因。

2. The largest source of greenhouse gas emissions is _____.
A. deforestation
B. the burning of fossil fuels
C. agriculture
D. waste disposal
答案：B。

中文解析：文中提到“The burning of fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and gas, is the largest source of greenhouse gas emissions.”，化石燃料的燃烧是温室气体排放的最大来源。

A 选项森林砍伐会导致全球变暖，但不是最大的温室气体排放源；C 选项农业会产生温室气体，但不是最大的来源；D 选项废物处理也会产生温室气体，但不是最大的来源。

3. Rising sea levels threaten _____.
A. mountainous regions
B. inland areas
C. coastal communities and low-lying islands
D. deserts
答案：C。

中文解析：文章中提到“Rising sea levels threaten coastal communities and low-lying islands.”，海平面上升威胁着沿海社区和低洼岛屿。

A 选项山区不会受到海平面上升的直接威胁；B 选项内陆地区也不会直接受到海平面上升的威胁；D 选项沙漠也不会受到海平面上升的威胁。

4. We can reduce our carbon footprint by _____.
A. using more fossil fuels
B. driving more
C. using energy-efficient appliances and driving less
D. cutting down more trees
答案：C。

中文解析：文中提到“We can reduce our carbon footprint by using energy-efficient appliances, driving less, and using public transportation.”，我们可以通过使用节能电器、少开车和使用公共交通工具来减少我们的碳足迹。

A 选项使用更多的化石燃料会增加温室气体排放；B 选项多开车也会增加温室气体排放；D 选项砍伐更多的树会减少吸收二氧化碳的树木数量，从而加剧全球变暖。

5. Reforestation can help _____.
A. increase greenhouse gas emissions
B. cause more deforestation
C. absorb carbon dioxide and reduce greenhouse gas emissions
D. have no effect on global warming
答案：C。

中文解析：文章中提到“In addition, reforestation can help absorb carbon dioxide and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.”，重新造林可以帮助吸收二氧化碳并减少温室气体排放。

A 选项重新造林不会增加温室气体排放；B 选项重新造林是为了减少森林砍伐，而不是导致更多的森林砍伐；D 选项重新造林对全球变暖有积极的影响，而不是没有影响。

2
<背景文章>
Ocean pollution is a major environmental issue that poses a significant threat to marine life and the health of our planet. The pollution of the oceans is caused by a variety of factors, including industrial waste, agricultural runoff, sewage disposal, and oil spills.
The effects of ocean pollution are far-reaching and can have a devastating impact on marine ecosystems. Polluted water can cause harm to fish, shellfish, and other marine organisms, leading to reduced populations and even extinction in some cases. In addition, ocean pollution can also affect human health through the consumption of contaminated seafood.
To address the problem of ocean pollution, various measures are being
taken. Governments around the world are implementing stricter regulations on industrial waste disposal and sewage treatment. In addition, there are also efforts to reduce agricultural runoff and prevent oil spills.
One of the most effective ways to combat ocean pollution is through public awareness and education. By raising awareness about the issue, people can be encouraged to take action to reduce their own impact on the environment. For example, reducing the use of single-use plastics and properly disposing of waste can help to reduce the amount of pollution that enters the oceans.
Another important aspect of addressing ocean pollution is international cooperation. Many countries are working together to develop solutions to this global problem. This includes sharing knowledge and resources, as well as collaborating on research and development.
In conclusion, ocean pollution is a serious problem that requires immediate action. By working together, we can take steps to reduce pollution and protect the health of our oceans for future generations.
6. What are the main causes of ocean pollution?
A. Natural disasters.
B. Industrial waste, agricultural runoff, sewage disposal, and oil spills.
C. Overfishing.
D. Climate change.
答案：B。

解析：文章中明确提到海洋污染是由工业废物、农业
径流、污水排放和石油泄漏等多种因素造成的。

A 选项自然灾害不是海洋污染的主要原因；C 选项过度捕捞不是造成海洋污染的原因；D 选项气候变化也不是海洋污染的主要原因。

7. What are the effects of ocean pollution on marine ecosystems?
A. Increased biodiversity.
B. Improved water quality.
C. Reduced populations and even extinction of some marine organisms.
D. Increased fish production.
答案：C。

解析：文章提到污染的水会对鱼类、贝类和其他海洋生物造成伤害，导致数量减少，在某些情况下甚至灭绝。

A 选项增加生物多样性错误；B 选项改善水质错误；D 选项增加鱼类产量错误。

8. What is one of the most effective ways to combat ocean pollution?
A. Ignoring the problem.
B. Increasing industrial production.
C. Public awareness and education.
D. Reducing international cooperation.
答案：C。

解析：文章提到对抗海洋污染最有效的方法之一是通过公众意识和教育。

A 选项忽视问题错误；B 选项增加工业生产会加剧污染错误；D 选项减少国际合作错误。

9. What can people do to reduce their impact on the environment?
A. Use more single-use plastics.
B. Dispose of waste improperly.
C. Reduce the use of single-use plastics and properly dispose of waste.
D. Do nothing.
答案：C。

解析：文章提到减少使用一次性塑料并正确处理废物可以帮助减少进入海洋的污染量。

A 选项使用更多一次性塑料错误；
B 选项不正确地处理废物错误；D 选项什么都不做错误。

10. Why is international cooperation important in addressing ocean pollution?
A. It is not important.
B. It can lead to more pollution.
C. Many countries can work together to develop solutions.
D. It only benefits developed countries.
答案：C。

解析：文章提到许多国家正在共同努力制定解决这个全球问题的方案，说明国际合作很重要。

A 选项错误；B 选项会导致更多污染错误；D 选项只对发达国家有益错误。

3
<背景文章>
Forest deforestation has numerous and far-reaching consequences. It leads to the loss of habitats for countless species, endangering many plants and animals. The disruption of ecosystems can cause a decline in biodiversity. Moreover, it can result in soil erosion, as the tree roots that once held the soil in place are removed. This can lead to landslides and
floods, which pose a threat to human settlements.
Sustainable development is of crucial importance. It aims to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. In the context of forests, sustainable forestry practices can help ensure the long-term survival of these vital ecosystems. For example, selective logging can be employed instead of clear-cutting. This allows for the removal of only certain trees while leaving the rest intact, enabling the forest to regenerate.
Another approach is reforestation. Planting new trees can help restore damaged forests and increase carbon sequestration. Additionally, protecting existing forests through conservation measures is essential. This can involve creating protected areas and enforcing laws against illegal logging.
In conclusion, it is essential that we recognize the importance of forests and take steps to address deforestation. By implementing sustainable practices, we can ensure the survival of our planet's precious ecosystems for generations to come.
11. What is one consequence of forest deforestation?
A. Increase in biodiversity.
B. Soil erosion.
C. Expansion of habitats.
D. Decrease in floods.
答案：B。

解析：森林砍伐会导致很多后果，其中之一就是土壤侵蚀，因为曾经固定土壤的树根被移除了。

A 选项增加生物多样性错误，森林砍伐会导致生物多样性减少；C 选项栖息地扩张错误，森林砍伐会导致栖息地丧失；D 选项洪水减少错误，森林砍伐会导致洪水增加。

12. What is the goal of sustainable development?
A. Meet the needs of the past.
B. Compromise the future generations' needs.
C. Meet the needs of the present without harming future generations.
D. Ignore the needs of future generations.
答案：C。

解析：可持续发展的目标是在不损害后代满足其自身需求的能力的前提下满足当前的需求。

A 选项满足过去的需求错误；
B 选项损害后代的需求错误；D 选项忽视后代的需求错误。

13. What is selective logging?
A. Removing all trees.
B. Cutting down only certain trees and leaving the rest intact.
C. Ignoring the forest.
D. Destroying the ecosystem.
答案：B。

解析：选择性采伐是只砍伐某些树木而让其余的保持完好。

A 选项移除所有树木错误；C 选项忽视森林错误；D 选项破坏生态系统错误。

14. What is reforestation?
A. Removing more trees.
B. Continuing deforestation.
C. Planting new trees.
D. Ignoring the problem.
答案：C。

解析：重新造林是种植新的树木。

A 选项移除更多的树木错误；B 选项继续砍伐森林错误；D 选项忽视问题错误。

15. Why is protecting existing forests important?
A. To allow illegal logging.
B. To destroy ecosystems.
C. To ensure the survival of precious ecosystems.
D. To ignore the future.
答案：C。

解析：保护现有森林很重要是因为它能确保珍贵生态系统的生存。

A 选项允许非法采伐错误；B 选项破坏生态系统错误；
D 选项忽视未来错误。

4
<背景文章>
Biodiversity refers to the variety of life on Earth. It includes the diversity of species, genes, and ecosystems. Biodiversity is essential for the survival of human beings and all other living organisms.
The value of biodiversity is immense. It provides us with food, medicine, and other resources. It also helps to maintain the balance of nature and provides ecosystem services such as water purification, soil
formation, and climate regulation.
However, biodiversity is currently under threat. Habitat destruction, climate change, pollution, and overexploitation are some of the major threats to biodiversity. These threats are causing the extinction of many species and the degradation of ecosystems.
To protect biodiversity, we need to take action. We can start by reducing our consumption of natural resources, protecting habitats, and promoting sustainable development. We can also support conservation organizations and initiatives that are working to protect biodiversity.
Protecting biodiversity is not only important for the survival of species and ecosystems, but also for the well-being of human beings. We need to recognize the value of biodiversity and take steps to protect it before it is too late.
16. What does biodiversity refer to?
A. The variety of human beings.
B. The variety of life on Earth.
C. The variety of natural resources.
D. The variety of ecosystems.
答案：B。

解析：文章开头明确提到“Biodiversity refers to the variety of life on Earth.”，即生物多样性是指地球上生命的多样性。

17. What are some of the major threats to biodiversity?
A. Habitat destruction and climate change.
B. Pollution and overexploitation.
C. All of the above.
D. None of the above.
答案：C。

解析：文中提到“Habitat destruction, climate change, pollution, and overexploitation are some of the major threats to biodiversity.”，即栖息地破坏、气候变化、污染和过度开发是生物多样性面临的一些主要威胁。

18. What can we do to protect biodiversity?
A. Reduce consumption of natural resources.
B. Protect habitats.
C. Promote sustainable development.
D. All of the above.
答案：D。

解析：文中提到“To protect biodiversity, we need to take action. We can start by reducing our consumption of natural resources, protecting habitats, and promoting sustainable development.”，即保护生物多样性，我们可以从减少自然资源的消耗、保护栖息地和促进可持续发展开始。

19. Why is protecting biodiversity important?
A. For the survival of species and ecosystems.
B. For the well-being of human beings.
C. Both A and B.
D. None of the above.
答案：C。

解析：文章最后提到“Protecting biodiversity is not only important for the survival of species and ecosystems, but also for the well-being of human beings.”，即保护生物多样性不仅对物种和生态系统的生存很重要，对人类的福祉也很重要。

20. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. The value of biodiversity.
B. The threats to biodiversity.
C. The ways to protect biodiversity.
D. All of the above.
答案：D。

解析：文章先介绍了生物多样性的定义和价值，接着阐述了生物多样性面临的威胁，最后提出了保护生物多样性的方法，所以答案是D。

5
<背景文章>
Renewable energy is becoming increasingly important in today's world. There are several types of renewable energy sources. Solar power is one of the most popular. Solar panels convert sunlight into electricity. This energy source is clean and abundant. Wind power is also significant. Wind turbines generate electricity from the wind. It is a reliable source of energy in many areas. Hydro power, which uses the force of flowing water, is another form of renewable energy. It has been used for centuries.
The advantages of renewable energy are numerous. Firstly, it is
environmentally friendly. Unlike fossil fuels, it does not produce harmful emissions. Secondly, it is sustainable. As long as the sun shines, the wind blows, and water flows, there will be a supply of renewable energy. Thirdly, it can help reduce dependence on fossil fuels and improve energy security.
The future of renewable energy looks promising. With advances in technology, the cost of renewable energy is decreasing. More and more countries are investing in renewable energy projects. In the coming years, we can expect to see a significant increase in the use of renewable energy.
Renewable energy is not only good for the environment but also for the economy. It creates jobs in the manufacturing, installation, and maintenance of renewable energy systems. It also promotes innovation and technological development.
In conclusion, renewable energy is a crucial part of our future. We should continue to invest in and develop renewable energy sources to ensure a sustainable future for generations to come.
21. What is one of the most popular renewable energy sources?
A. Fossil fuels.
B. Solar power.
C. Nuclear power.
D. Coal.
答案：B。

解析：文章中明确提到“Solar power is one of the most popular.”，而化石燃料、核能和煤炭都不是可再生能源。

22. How does wind power generate electricity?
A. By using the heat of the sun.
B. By burning fossil fuels.
C. From the wind.
D. Through nuclear reactions.
答案：C。

解析：文中提到“Wind turbines generate electricity from the wind.”，即风力发电是从风中获取能量发电。

23. What is an advantage of renewable energy?
A. It produces harmful emissions.
B. It is not sustainable.
C. It can help reduce dependence on fossil fuels.
D. It is expensive.
答案：C。

解析：文章中提到“The advantages of renewable energy are numerous. Firstly, it is environmentally friendly. Unlike fossil fuels, it does not produce harmful emissions. Secondly, it is sustainable. As long as the sun shines, the wind blows, and water flows, there will be a supply of renewable energy. Thirdly, it can help reduce dependence on fossil fuels and improve energy security.”，只有C 选项符合可再生能源的优势之一。

24. What does the future of renewable energy look like?
A. Uncertain.
B. Promising.
C. Hopeless.
D. Limited.
答案：B。

解析：文中提到“The future of renewable energy looks promising.”，即可再生能源的未来看起来很有希望。

25. What is the benefit of renewable energy for the economy?
A. It destroys jobs.
B. It slows down technological development.
C. It creates jobs and promotes innovation.
D. It has no impact on the economy.
答案：C。

解析：文章提到“Renewable energy is not only good for the environment but also for the economy. It creates jobs in the manufacturing, installation, and maintenance of renewable energy systems. It also promotes innovation and technological development.”，即可再生能源对经济的好处是创造就业机会并促进创新。

6
<背景文章>
Water scarcity is a growing concern around the world. As the global population continues to increase and economic activities expand, the demand for water is rising rapidly. However, the supply of fresh water is limited, and many regions are already facing serious water shortages.
One of the main causes of water scarcity is the increasing consumption of water by industries. Factories and power plants require
large amounts of water for their operations, and often discharge polluted water back into the environment, further reducing the available supply of clean water. Another cause is the overuse of water in agriculture. Irrigation systems are often inefficient, and a significant amount of water is lost through evaporation and leakage.
Climate change is also exacerbating the problem of water scarcity. Changes in precipitation patterns and rising temperatures are affecting the availability of water in many regions. In some areas, droughts are becoming more frequent and severe, while in others, floods are destroying water infrastructure and contaminating water sources.
To address the issue of water scarcity, several measures can be taken. Firstly, we need to improve water management and conservation. This can be achieved through the use of more efficient irrigation systems in agriculture, the installation of water-saving devices in households and industries, and the promotion of water recycling and reuse. Secondly, we need to invest in the development of new water sources, such as desalination plants and rainwater harvesting systems. Finally, we need to raise awareness about the importance of water conservation and encourage people to change their behavior and reduce their water consumption.
26. What is one of the main causes of water scarcity?
A. Decreasing population.
B. Reduced economic activities.
C. Increasing consumption of water by industries.
D. More efficient irrigation systems.
答案：C。

中文解析：文章中明确提到“One of the main causes of water scarcity is the increasing consumption of water by industries.”，水资源短缺的主要原因之一是工业用水量的增加。

A 选项人口减少、B 选项经济活动减少都与文章中提到的导致水资源短缺的原因不符；D 选项更高效的灌溉系统是解决水资源短缺的措施之一，而不是原因。

27. How does climate change affect water scarcity?
A. By increasing water supply.
B. By reducing water consumption.
C. By exacerbating the problem.
D. By making irrigation systems more efficient.
答案：C。

中文解析：文中提到“Climate change is also exacerbating the problem of water scarcity.”，即气候变化加剧了水资源短缺问题。

A 选项增加水资源供应错误；B 选项减少用水与气候变化对水资源短缺的影响无关；D 选项使灌溉系统更高效不是气候变化对水资源短缺的影响。

28. What can be done to address water scarcity?
A. Ignore the problem.
B. Use more water in industries.
C. Improve water management and conservation.
D. Stop agricultural activities.
答案：C。

中文解析：文章提到“To address the issue of water scarcity, several measures can be taken. Firstly, we need to improve water management and conservation.”，为解决水资源短缺问题，可以采取提高水资源管理和保护等措施。

A 选项忽视问题错误；B 选项工业中使用更多水会加剧水资源短缺；D 选项停止农业活动不现实且不是解决水资源短缺的正确方法。

29. What is an example of a new water source?
A. Polluted water.
B. Desalination plants.
C. Inefficient irrigation systems.
D. Factories discharging water.
答案：B。

中文解析：文中提到“we need to invest in the development of new water sources, such as desalination plants and rainwater harvesting systems.”，即海水淡化厂和雨水收集系统是新的水资源来源。

A 选项污染的水不是新的水资源来源；C 选项低效的灌溉系统不是水资源来源；D 选项工厂排放的水是污染源，不是水资源来源。

30. Why is it important to raise awareness about water conservation?
A. To increase water consumption.
B. To make people use more water in industries.
C. To encourage people to change their behavior and reduce water consumption.
D. To stop agricultural activities.
答案：C。

中文解析：文章提到“we need to raise awareness about the importance of water conservation and encourage people to change their behavior and reduce their water consumption.”，提高对水资源保护的认识是为了鼓励人们改变行为，减少用水。

A 选项增加用水错误；B 选项让人们在工业中使用更多水错误；D 选项停止农业活动错误。