高考英语练习1及解答

1
课时作业
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·天津卷)
How to Use a Modern Public Library
Has it been a while since your last visit to a public library? If so, you may be surprised to learn that libraries have changed for the better.It's been years since they were dusty little rooms with books. They have transformed themselves into places where you can develop your love of knowledge, meet interesting people, or find out how to start a business.
Check out a book. While libraries still loan out (出借) books, you'll find it easier to get a copy of whatever you're looking for, thanks to a cooperative network of area libraries.Via such networks, libraries share their books with each other through the use of delivery vehicles.Once the book you've requested is delivered to the nearest branch, they will inform you by e-mail, so you can pick it up.
Check out other items. The library is now a multimedia zone, loaded with information in many formats (载体形式)．You can borrow movies on DVDs, music on CDs, and popular magazines. Some libraries even loan out toys and games. If a popular magazine you want isn't offered and the library keeps a list of such requests, they may bring it in when enough interest is shown.
Join targeted reading groups. Libraries will often hold reading-group sessions targeted to various age groups. Perhaps you'd like to learn a language or improve your English. The library may sponsor a language group you could join. If you have difficulties reading, ask about special reading opportunities.Your library might be able to accommodate you.And you might find it relaxing to bring your small kid to a half-hour Story Time while you sit quietly in a corner with a good book.
Start a business using the help of your local library. If you want to have a business of your own, your local library can become a launch space for it. In library books and computers, you can find information on starting a business. Many libraries will help you with locally supplied information about business management shared through chambers of commerce (商会) and government agencies, and they will offer printing, faxing and database services you need.
1．Public libraries connected by a cooperative network benefit readers by________.
A．sharing their books on the Internet
B．giving access to online reading at a library branch
C．sending a needed book to a library branch nearby
D．making the checkout procedures diverse
2. According to Paragraph 3, what items may be checked out from a public library?
A．A magazine and an e-book.
B．A game and an oil painting.
C．A music CD and a kid's toy.
D．A DVD and a video player.
3．As is described in Paragraph 4, taking a small kid to a half-hour Story Time allows ________.
A．the kid to learn a new language
B．the parent to enjoy quiet reading
C．the kid to overcome reading difficulties
D．the parent to meet their program sponsor
4．Your local library can help you start a business by ______________.
A．providing relevant information and supporting services
B．offering professional advice on business management
C．supplying useful information of your potential buyers
D．arranging meetings with government officials
5．What is the purpose of the passage?
A．To point out the importance of public libraries.
B．To encourage people to work in public libraries.
C．To introduce the improved services of public libraries.
D．To call for the modernization of public library systems.
【语篇解读】本文为说明文。

文章从更方便快捷的借出形式，更丰富的载体媒介，更多元的读书小组以及对创业者的有效支持四个维度来介绍现代公共图书馆的提升和改变。

1．C细节理解题。

题干问：通过连接区域协作网，公共图书馆能给读者带来什么好处？可将答案定位在第二段“Via such networks, libraries share their books...the nearest branch”，图书馆通过接入区域协作网能将借书人要求的书调配到最近的图书馆，故选C。

2．C细节理解题。

由题干定位第三段。

由“You can borrow movies on DVDs, music on CDs, and popular magazines.Some libraries even loan out toys and games”可知，现代图书馆除了
可以出借书籍之外，还可以出借DVD、CD和杂志。

有些图书馆甚至可以出借玩具和游戏碟片。

故选C。

3．B细节理解题。

由题干定位第四段。

由第四段最后一句可知家长能享受安静的阅读。

故选B。

4．A推理判断题。

题干问：当地图书馆能通过什么方式来帮助你创业？由题干“local library, start a business”可定位第五段。

B项“提供商业管理的专业意见”，这一点与文中“supplied information about business management”意义不一致；C项“提供潜在买家的有用信息”文中并没有提到这一点；D项“安排与政府官员的会面”文中也并没有提到。

根据题干以及排除错误选项，故选A。

5．C写作意图题。

本文通过介绍现代图书馆更快捷的借出形式，更丰富的载体媒介，更多元的读书小组以及对创业者的有效支持来说明现代图书馆的提升和改变。

C项“介绍公共图书馆的提升服务”符合。

故选C。

B
(2021·全国甲卷)Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
Let's state clearly：Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they?
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender (性别) are “really, really smart.”Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn't take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.
Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear.And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors (因素) like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius.As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity,
perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”
6．What does the author think of victors' standards for joining the genius club?
A．They're unfair.
B．They're conservative.
C．They're objective.
D．They're strict.
7．What can we infer about girls from the study in Science?
A．They think themselves smart.
B．They look up to great thinkers.
C．They see gender differences earlier than boys.
D．They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs.
8．Why are more geniuses known to the public?
A．Improved global communication.
B．Less discrimination against women.
C．Acceptance of victors' concepts.
D．Changes in people's social positions.
9．What is the best title for the text?
A．Geniuses Think Alike
B．Genius Takes Many Forms
C．Genius and Intelligence
D．Genius and Luck
【语篇解读】本文首先讲述了过去人们对于天才的认定以及社会观念对天才的影响，但是，随着时代的发展、全球交流的加强，天才可以是各行各业任意一个能够改变世界的人。

6．A考查推断的能力。

根据第三段“In the sciences and arts...women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others”可知，历史是由胜利者书写的，被认定为天才的大多是有欧洲血统的白人男性，而作出贡献的女人或不同肤色的人则不被认可，因此作者认为这样的标准并不公平，故A项正确。

conservative adj.“保守的”；objective adj.“客观的”。

7．D考查推断的能力。

根据第四段中的“A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender (性别) are ‘really, really smart’．Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief...smart’”可
知，研究发现女孩受到社会观念的影响，从六岁起就不怎么说其他女孩“非常非常聪明”，也会避免参加一些据说是“针对非常非常聪明的孩子”的活动，故D项正确。

look up to“仰慕”。

8．A考查理解具体信息的能力。

根据最后一段中的“In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear”可知，现代社会的全球通信使得越来越多的天才能够为人所知，故A项正确。

discrimination n．“歧视”。

9．B考查理解文章主旨要义的能力。

本文在第一段提出了数百年来人们一直关注的问题：什么是天才。

接着作者讲述了过去人们对天才的认定以及社会观念对天才的影响，最后作者讲到随着时代的发展、全球通信的加强，天才可以是各行各业任意一个能够改变世界的人，故B项适合作本文的标题。

Ⅱ.阅读七选五
(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking.__1__ Do you want to be a good public speaker? Here are some principles you must master.
People want to listen to someone who is interesting, relaxed and comfortable.Too often, when you stand up to give a speech, you focus on the “public” at the expense of the “speaking.”__2__ Focus on the speaking.Talk directly to your audience, be yourself and make a connection.
Even the most successful public speaker will make mistakes.Yet, the only one who cares about any mistake is the one who is speaking.People's attention wanders constantly.In fact, most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speaker's message.So, don't stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it's a truly serious one.__3__
Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker.__4__ And like everything else in life, that takes practice.Remember, even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis.
__5__ It's rare to hear someone say, “I wish that speaker had spoken longer.” On the other hand, you probably can't count the times that you've thought，“I'm glad that talk is over.It seemed to go on forever！” So surprise your audience.Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated.It's better to leave your listeners wishing for more than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting for your speech finally to end.
A．Do the opposite.
B．You want to be an effective public speaker.
C．You don't need to apologize for a minor slip.
D．When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more.
E．The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience.
F．Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners.
G．However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.
【语篇解读】本文为说明文，主题语境为人与自我，主题语境内容为如何成为一个优秀的演讲者。

文章介绍了要想成为优秀演讲者必须掌握的原则。

本文有助于学生丰富自我、完善自我。

1．G细节句。

设空处前一句“Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking(有些人生来就有演讲的天赋)”中，Some individuals对应G项中the majority of people, born with a gift对应G项中train to be。

结合下文讲到训练的四个原则，可知G项(然而，大多数的人都是因为他们受过训练而成为给人深刻印象的演讲者的)为最佳答案。

2．A过渡句。

由本段第二句(通常，当你站起来演讲时，你关注的是“公众”而不是“演讲”)以及第四句(要专注于演讲)可知设空处前后句是两种截然不同的做法。

故选A项(做相反的事)。

3．C细节句。

由本段第一句(即使是最成功的演说家也会犯错误)和第四、五句(事实上，大多数人大约只吸收了演讲者信息的20%。

所以，当你犯错误时，不要停止演讲，除非是非常严重的错误)可知C项(你没有必要为你的小疏漏道歉)符合逻辑。

a minor slip对应第五句中的a truly serious one。

故选C项。

4．B细节句。

本段第一句“Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker(你的目标不是成为一个完美的公众演说家)”中的a perfect public speaker对应B项中的an effective public speaker。

设空处后一句“And like everything else in life, that takes practice(和生活中其他的事情一样，那也需要练习)”中的that也指代B选项的内容。

因此B项(你想成为一个给人深刻印象的公众演说家)是最佳选项。

5．D主旨句。

根据本段内容尤其是最后两句“Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated.It's better to leave your listeners wishing for more than shifting restlessly
in their seats waiting for your speech finally to end(总是让你的演讲比预期的短一些。

让你的听众期望更多内容比让他们在座位上坐立不安地等着你的演讲最终结束要好)”可知，D项When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more(说到公开演讲，通常少些更好)概括了本段的核心内容。

故选D项。

Ⅲ.语法填空
It was the first day 1.________ senior high. I woke up early and rushed out of the door in my 2.________ (eager) to get to know my new school.
When I 3.________ (arrive), the campus was very quiet, so I decided 4.________ (explore) a bit. I was looking at the photos on the notice board 5.________ I heard a voice behind me. “New here？” 6.________ (turn) around, I saw a white-haired man. “Yes！”I replied.“I 7.________ (wonder) what life is going to be 8.________here.” He gave me a smile and said, “You'll soon find out.”
When my English class began, I was 9.________(surprise) to see the same man I had met 10.________(early)．He was our English teacher.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，叙述了作者第一天上学时的心情和所见，描述了一位新生第一天上学对陌生环境的向往、激动、恐慌等心理。

1．【解析】考查介词。

at senior high意为“在高中”。

【答案】at
2．【解析】考查名词。

设空处作介词in的宾语，故用名词形式。

【答案】eagerness
3．【解析】考查动词时态。

根据上下文时态可知，设空处表示过去发生的动作．故填arrived。

【答案】arrived
4．【解析】考查非谓语动词。

decide to do sth.意为“决定做某事”。

故用不定式形式。

【答案】to explore
5．【解析】考查连词。

be doing sth.when...意为“正在做某事这时……”，为固定句式。

故用连词when。

【答案】when
6．【解析】考查非谓语动词。

turn与其逻辑主语I之间为主动关系，故用现在分词短语作伴随状语。

【答案】Turning
7．【解析】考查动词时态。

由语境可知此处表示正在思考，应用现在进行时。

【答案】am wondering
8．【解析】考查介词。

what...is going to be like意为“……将会是什么样子”。

故用介词like。

【答案】like
9．【解析】考查形容词。

此处表示“感到吃惊的”，故用形容词surprised。

【答案】surprised
10．【解析】考查副词比较级。

此处表示“早些时候见过了”，与现在对比，故用副词的比较级。

【答案】earlier。