高二英语译林版选修6教学案Unit 1 Section 4 Word版含答案

非谓语动词（Ⅰ）
[语法初识]
[语法剖析]
非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和分词，非谓语动词可在句中作主语、宾语、补语、定语和状语。

(1)不定式作主语表示某一次的具体动作、将来的动作或一般情况。

作主语的不定式有时态和语态的变化，而且谓语动词的数通常用单数。

To hesitate means failure.
犹豫不决就意味着失败。

To know everything is to know nothing.
样样皆通，样样稀松。

To smoke so much is not very good for you.
抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。

(2)有时候为了保持句子平衡，也可以用it作形式主语，而将作主语的动词不定式后置。

It is our duty to give as much help as possible.
提供尽可能多的帮助是我们的职责。

(3)不定式的复合结构由“for/of sb.to do”构成，“介词＋sb.(sth.)”表明不定式动作的发出者，为不定式的逻辑主语。

It's difficult for usto finish the work.
对我们来说，完成这项工作是困难的。

It's clever of youto work out the maths problem.
你真聪明，解出了这道数学题。

[名师点津]若形容词是描述事物，不是对不定式行为者的品格进行评价，用for；若形容词是描述不定式行为者的性格、品质的，用of。

[即时演练1]
[即时演练1]
(1)单句语法填空
①(全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)It took years of workto_reduce (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.
②(北京高考改编)It's important for the figures to_be_updated (update) regularly.
③To_stop (stop) the work now seems already impossible.
④To_finish (finish) the work in ten minutes is very hard.
⑤It was foolish of you to_give (give) up what you rightly owned.
(2)选词填空：for, of
⑥It is so kind of you to do me such a good favour.
⑦I don't think it right for you to say so absurd a requirement.
2．动名词作主语
(1)动名词作主语时常表示一般性的、习惯性的动作或状态，动名词有时态和语态的变化，且谓语动词通常用单数形式。

Saying is easier than doing.
说比做容易。

Having seen a lot of the world in one's youth is a good thing.
年轻时多见见世面是件好事。

Being laughed at in public is what you will never want to happen to you.
被当众嘲笑是你永远不想发生在自己身上的事情。

(2)动名词作主语时，可位于句首和句末。

动名词位于句末时用it 作形式主语。

常见句型有：
⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧It is ＋adj.（good ， funny ， nice ， difficult ， worthwhile ，interesting 等）＋动名词It is no use/no good/a waste of time/...＋动名词
It is no use waiting here.
在这儿等无济于事。

It is worthwhile spending some time doing this job.
花点儿时间做这项工作是值得的。

(3)动名词作主语时的逻辑主语：动名词作主语时可以有自己的逻辑主语，
“逻辑主语＋动名词”叫做动名词的复合结构。

动名词作主语时，逻辑主语的常见形式：
⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧逻辑主语有生命时：名词所有格、形容词性物主代词逻辑主语无生命时：名词普通格逻辑主语是数词、指示代词、不定代词时：普通格
His leaving is a great loss.
他的离开是一个巨大的损失。

Yesterday being Sunday postponed the match.
昨天是星期天，比赛推迟了。

[即时演练2] 单句语法填空
①(安徽高考改编)Ignoring (ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.
②(湖南高考改编)Listening to loud music at rock concerts has_caused (cause) hearing loss in some teenagers.
③It is not good saying (say) such ugly words to him.
④Working (work) in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffer.
(1)作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。

The Browns have a comfortable house to live in .
布朗一家有舒适的房子可住。

(2)当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可用主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。

试比较：
Have you got anything to send?
你有什么东西要寄吗？(不定式to send的动作执行者是“你”)
Have you got anything to be sent?
你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗？(不定式to be sent的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”)
(3)用不定式作定语的几种情况：
①不定式表将来
The car to be bought is for his sister.
要买的这辆车是给他姐姐的。

②用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any等限定的中心词。

He was the best man to do the job.
他是做这项工作的最佳人选。

She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.
她是在奥运会上第一个获得金牌的女选手。

③用来修饰的词是抽象名词时用不定式，常见的有ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt, belief, way, reason, moment, time等。

Do you have the ability to read and write in English?
你具备读写英语的能力吗？
I have no chance to go sightseeing.
我没有机会外出观光。

[即时演练3]
(1)单句改错
①The surgeon has several patients to operate.
operate后加on
②I'm free now.Have you something to do?
to_do→for_me_to_do/to_be_done
③There is no room storing the furniture in the house.
storing→to_store
④He is the last man doing things against his will.
doing→to_do
(2)单句语法填空
⑤(四川高考语法填空)For 25 days, she never left her baby, not even to find something to_eat (eat)!
⑥(北京高考改编)V olunteering gives you a chance to_change (change) lives, including your own.
⑦(北京高考改编)There are still many problems to_be_solved (solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.
2．动名词作定语
动名词作定语表示用途，而不是正在进行着的动作。

He is now in the sleeping car.
＝He is now in the car for sleeping.
他现在在卧车里。

[即时演练4]
判断下列句中动词-ing是动名词还是现在分词？
①He uses a walking stick to help keep the balance.动名词
②The men working here are all from the rural areas.现在分词
3．分词作定语
(1)现在分词作定语：现在分词作定语时，与所修饰词之间是主动关系。

①
单个分词作定语一般放在所修饰的名词的前面，分词短语作定语放在所修饰的名词的后面。

Keep silent in order not to wake up the sleeping baby.
保持安静，别惊醒睡觉的小孩。

If you see soldiers wearing sky-blue helmets, they are United Nations peacekeepers.
如果你看见戴着天蓝色头盔的士兵，他们就是联合国维和人员。

②
现在分词的一般式(doing)作定语，表示主动进行的动作；现在分词一般式的被动语态(being done)作定语时，表示被动、进行的动作。

The man standing by the window is our teacher.
站在窗户旁边的那个人是我们的老师。

The bridge being repaired will be in use next month.
正在修缮的大桥将于下一个月使用。

[即时演练5]
(1)单句语法填空
①(全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
②(福建高考改编)In recent years an English word “infosphere” has app eared, combining (combine) the sense of “information” and “atmosphere”．
③(山东高考改编)The room is empty except for a bookshelf standing (stand) in one corner.
(2)完成句子
④There are people crying (哭) and people laughing (笑)．
⑤The problem being_discussed (正在讨论) now is of great interest.
(2)过去分词作定语：过去分词作定语时，与所修饰词之间是被动关系。

表示被动或完成的动作。

The house built last year has become our lab.
去年建的那座房子已经成了我们的实验室。

English is now an international language, spoken by about 750 million people.
英语现在是一门国际语言，约有7.5亿人说英语。

[即时演练6]
单句语法填空
①(全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)A study of travelers conducted (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.
②(全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)The adobe dwellings (土坯房) built (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers.
③(重庆高考改编)The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras returned (return) to our shop for quality problems.
④(湖南高考改编)You cannot accept an opinion offered (offer) to you unless it is based on facts.
4．不定式的一般被动式(to be done)、过去分词(done)、现在分词的一般被动式(being done)作定语时的区别
不定式的一般被动式(to be done)表示将来的被动动作；过去分词(done)表示被动或完成的动作；现在分词的一般被动式(bei ng done)表示被动、进行的动作。

Have you read the novel written by Dickens?
你读过狄更斯的小说吗？
Listen！The song being sung is very popular with the students.
听！现在正唱着的这首歌在学生中非常流行。

The question to be discussed at tomorrow's meeting is a very important one.
明天将要在会上讨论的问题非常重要。

[即时演练7]
单句语法填空
①The building to_be_built (build) next year will be a new school.
②The building being_built (build) now will be a new school.
③The building built (build) last year is a new school now.
④This is the first hospital to_be_built (build) in this area.
而过去分词作宾补常表示被动含义。

The children asked their parents to take them to the park.
孩子们要求父母带他们去公园。

Suddenly he heard someone knocking gently on the window.
忽然他听见有人在轻轻地敲窗户。

When they got there, they found the house burnt down.
当他们到那儿时，发现房子已全部被烧毁。

[即时演练8]
单句语法填空
①(陕西高考改编)Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother taken (take) good care of at home.
②(浙江高考改编) Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it being_performed (perform) live is quite another.
③I asked him to_buy (buy) a torch when he came here.
④What caused him to_change (change) his mind?
⑤The farmer had his house destroyed (destroy) in the storm.
⑥You'd better speak louder in order to make yourself heard (hear)．
⑦She was found reading (read) at the school gate this morning.
2．感官动词后，如see, watch, look at, observe, notice, hear, listen to, feel及部分表示“使”、“让”的使役动词，如have, make, let跟不定式作宾补时要省略不定式符号to。

但在被动语态中to要加上。

Though he had often made his sister cry, today he was made to cry by his sister.
尽管他总是弄哭他妹妹，今天却被他妹妹弄哭了。

[名师点津](1)感官动词后跟分词和动词不定式作宾补的区别：如果感官动词后的宾语和分词之间是主动关系或表示正在进行的动作或动作的一个片段，则用现在分词；是主动关系又表示全过程时，则用省略to的动词不定式；如果是被动关系，且动作已经完成，则用过去分词。

(2)使役动词leave, have, get可跟三种非谓语形式作补语，但意义不同。

[即时演练9]
(1)判断下列句中补语表示的意义
a．主动b．被动c．完成d．将来
①The guests left most of the dishes untouched, because they didn't taste delicious.bc
②He left, leaving me to do all the rest work.ad
③We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving many problems to be settled.bd
④I'll have/get my bike repaired tomorrow.b
⑤Mr.Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday.b
⑥He got me to make a promise that I would keep my word.ad
(2)完成句子
⑦昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。

I saw_him_work in the garden yesterday.
⑧昨天我看见他正在花园里干活。

I saw_him_working in the garden yesterday.
⑨昨天我看见他受到了他父母的惩罚。

I saw_him_punished by his parents yesterday.
⑩妈妈让她的儿子去上学。

Her son was made to_go_to_school by mother.
电子邮件
[技法指导]
英语e-mail在内容结构上与普通的书信一样，但在格式上有所不同。

它主要由以下几部分
组成：
1．标题栏
一般情况下，开头需要填写的地方主要有“To：”(即填写收件人的e-mail地址)及“Subject：”(即填写电子邮件内容的主题)。

2．称呼语
在e-mail中，正文前的称呼无需太正式，目前，省略Mr.或Ms.(或Mrs/Miss)，直呼对方名字的做法很普遍，如“Dear
John”或“Tommy”，“Mary”等。

即使省略称呼，在e-mail中也不算太失礼，不过这要视情况而定。

给长辈或上级发e-mail最好用头衔加上姓名相称，如“Mr. Smith”，“Dr. Wang”等。

3．正文
写e-mail的目的在于信息的交流传递，正文部分用语应言简意赅、层次分明，不必追求辞
藻的华丽。

涉及事项较多时，可分条列出，以便所写内容清晰有序、一目了然。

总之，e-mail
的行文应体现它作为一种新工具的特点。

写正文时要注意以下两点：
(1)首先要明确写给谁。

对不同的收件人，写作的语气要有所不同。

假如是写给朋友的，则
可以用一些俚语或缩写词，但如果是高考中的书面表达题，则属正规写作，最好不用俚语或缩写词。

(2)写电子邮件要多用短句，使意思表达更加清楚，当然，对重点部分要作详细介绍。

比如高考试卷中，就必须根据(汉语或图画)提示，将要点写全，并注意语言的规范。

也就是说，应把它当作一篇小作文来对待，而不是像我们平时给朋友发的邮件那样随随便便。

4．结束语
结束语也很简明，常常只需一个单词，如“Thanks”，“Cheers”，或者一些非正式用语，如“T ake care”，“See you”。

但在正式的商业性质的e-mail中常会出现“Sincerely yours”或“Best regards”等。

[黄金表达]
常用开头语：
1．I'm very glad to receive your e-mail.
2．Very nice to hear from you.
3．I'm so sorry that I couldn't write earlier.
4．With great pleasure I learn that ...
5．I'm writing to ask if .../to tell you .../to apply for the job.
常用结束语：
1．I'm looking forward to receiving your reply.
2．All my best wishes to you.
3．I'll appreciate it if you can tell me something about ...
4．If you have any questions or concerns, don't hesitate to let me know.
5．Please give my compliments to your family.
[写作规范]
[题目要求]
假如你叫张磊，你的美国朋友Rick打算今年暑假来中国西藏旅游，请你根据以下提示给他写一封电子邮件，提出一些旅游建议。

1．高原地区缺氧，游客必须身体健康；
2．昼夜温差大，需带备用衣物；
3．阳光强烈，需带防晒霜、太阳帽、太阳镜等防晒物品；
4．入藏第一天多休息少运动。

注意：
1．词数：150词左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

[三步作文法]
第一步：搜索词汇
1．防晒霜suntancream
2．氧气oxygen
3．温度temperature
4．西藏Tibet
5．知道；意识到beawareof
第二步：由词造句
1．西藏海拔4 000米，因此你应该注意许多事情。

①Tibet is 4，000 metres abovesealevel. There are many things. You should beawareof these things.
②Tibet is 4，000 metres abovesealevel,sotherearemanythingsyoushouldbeawareof．
2．其次，昼夜温差大，因此你应该携带足够的衣服避免自己感冒。

①Secondly, thereisabigdifference in temperatures between days and nights. You should take enough clothes. You should keepyourselffromcatchingacold．
②Secondly, thereisabigdifference in temperatures between days and nights, soyoushouldtakeenoughclothestokeepyourselffromcatchingacold．
第三步：连句成篇
Dear Rick，
I am glad to hear that you will come to visit Tibet. You know, Tibet is 4，000 metres above sea level, so there are many things you should be aware of.Firstly, tourists to Tibet must be healthy because this area has less oxygen.Secondly, there is a big difference in temperatures between days and nights, so you should take enough clothes to keep yourself from catching a cold.Finally, the sunshine in Tibet is strong and can easily hurt your skin and eyes, so you'd better bring suntan cream, a pair of sunglasses and a hat.Of course, you should make sure you get enough rest when you first arrive in Tibet.
I hope you have a wonderful holiday in Tibet.
Yours，
Zhang Lei
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The factory being_built (build) at present is a paper-making factory.
2．As we know, Wang Yaping is China's first astronaut to_teach (teach) in space.
3．My cousin's first year at college was a time filled (fill) with excitement and enjoyment.
4．We all think it is our duty to help those who are too poor to go to school.
5．Barbara often makes a schedule to get herself reminded (remind) of what she is to do in the day.
6．The teacher couldn't make himself paid (pay) attention to because his teaching manner was
unattractive.
7．Big companies usually have a lot of branch offices operating (operate) in different parts of the world.
8．It's no use complaining (complain) without taking action.
9．It's against my principles to_do (do) such a thing.
10．It is silly of me to_be_annoyed (annoy) with Jim because he is only a five-year-old child.
11．He was often seen to_play (play) basketball on the playground while at college.
12．She was very glad to see her son taken (take) good care of in the nursery.
13．Do tell me the way you think of to_solve (solve) the problem as soon as possible.
14．The boy standing (stand) over there is my younger brother.
15．He was found washing (wash) the car at seven this morning.
Ⅲ.语法与写作(用非谓语动词作主语、定语或宾语补足语改写短文中画线部分)
Good morning, everyone，
I'm Li Hua from Xingguang Middle School. The topic of my speech is “Let's Ride Bicycles”．As is known to all, ①withtheimprovementofpeople'slivingstandards,cars have become a popular means of transport, ②whichbringsgreatconveniencetoourlife. However, they have also caused some problems such as air pollution and traffic jams.
③Howcanwesolvetheproblemsthen？As far as I'm concerned, we are supposed to ride bicycles and
④it'sagoodsolution. For one thing, bicycles don't need any petrol and they are energy-saving. For another, bicycles are environmentally friendly because they won't give off waste gas. What's more, riding bicycles is a good way for us to exercise and it is beneficial to our health.
Therefore, ⑤let'sbuildupalow-carboncitybyridingbicycles,whichistheresponsibilityweshouldtake. Come on and join us!
Thank you!
答案：①withpeople'slivingstandardsimproving
②bringinggreatconveniencetoourlife
③Howcanwehavetheproblemssolvedthen
④ridingbicyclesisagoodsolution
⑤let'staketheresponsibilitytobuildupalow-carboncitybyridingbicycles
[对应学生课下能力提升(三)]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．—What do you suppose made her worried?
—losing (lose) a gold ring.
2．It was reported that the missing boys were last seen playing (play) near the river.
3．Having passed all the tests, she felt a great weight taken (take) off her mind.
4．Helen had to shout to make herself heard (hear) above the sound of music.
5．—The English exam is not difficult, is it?
—Yes, even Tom, belonging (belong) to the top students, failed.
6．Don't you think it is a waste of time arguing about the meaningless questions?
7．Being_exposed (expose) to nuclear radiation, even for a short time, may produce variants of genes in human bodies.
8．With the world changing fast, we have something new to_deal (deal) with all by ourselves every day.
9．The game was so exciting to play that the boy kept his eyes and attention fixed (fix) on it.
10．We tried hard, and eventually we were able to get Mike to_lend (lend) us his car just for a day.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
Robert Munsch is an American born Canadian author of children's books. He was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1945. After graduation, Munsch at first wanted to become a priest (牧师) but then he changed his career path towards writing stories for children. He started off with working at day care centers. In 1975 he decided to move back to Canada. There he worked in the preschool at the University of Guelph in Ontario. He also lectured and then became an assistant professor there in the Department of Family Studies.
Robert Munsch is all about storytelling and that is something he loves most. His illustrative (解说的) style of telling his story attracted the attention of his first audience in 1972. And that was the beginning of his storytelling career. According to Munsch, a perfect story takes 200 tellings in order to become perfect. He can spend days and years perfecting his tale before performing it in front of a larger audience. Robert then started putting his imaginative style on paper and thus became a famous author of children's books.
Munsch's characters are taken from real life; they're the children he meets while storytelling in different places. For example his story RibbonRescue was inspired by a girl who came to hear his story wearing a ribbon dress. Another story called Lighthouse was inspired by two children named Amanda and Jeremiah who he met in Pontiac, Michigan. His own children have also played some parts in his stories.
Munsch has written many books which have also been translated into various languages. His first books TheMudPuddle and TheDark were published in 1979. His most notable work is the book Lo v eYouFore v er, which was published in 1986. This book became an international bestseller.
Robert Munsch is known for his overstated (夸张的) way of storytelling and use of different voices. He repeats a story many times to improve its quality. Some of his books have also been made into animated (动画的) series named ABunchofMunsch.
语篇解读：本文是记叙文。

文章主要介绍了加拿大童书作家Robert Munsch。

1．After graduation, Robert Munsch ________.
A．became a priest
B．set up a day care center
C．decided to take up teaching in a college
D．prepared himself for his desirable career path
解析：选D细节理解题。

由第一段中的“then he changed his career path towards writing stories for children”可知，毕业后，Robert Munsch开始了为儿童写故事的事业。

2．What does Robert Munsch think of storytelling according to Paragraph 2?
A．It's the perfect job for him.
B．It involves a lot of hard work.
C．It's hard to satisfy the audience.
D．It's easy to be bored with the job.
解析：选B细节理解题。

由第二段中的“According to Munsch, a perfect story takes 200 tellings in order to become perfect”可知，Robert Munsch 认为讲好故事需要付出努力。

3．What can we infer from Paragraph 3?
A．Munsch got ideas for his stories from real life.
B．Munsch's traveling experiences are interesting.
C．Munsch helped many children while storytelling.
D．Munsch's children helped him create some stories.
解析：选A推理判断题。

由第三段的描述可知，Munsch故事中的人物都来自于真实的生活，他的很多故事的灵感都来自于他在不同的地方讲故事时遇到的孩子们。

4．Which of the following best describes Robert Munsch?
A．Brave and caring.
B．Talented and devoted.
C．Determined and patient.
D．Warm-hearted and honest.
解析：选B推理判断题。

本文主要讲述了加拿大童书作家Robert Munsch的故事。

由文中的描述可知，Robert Munsch非常有天赋，而且全身心投入到给儿童讲故事和写故事中。

Ⅲ.任务型阅读
Ways to Have an Amazing Day
I'm a big believer in the Law of the Harvest: we harvest what we sow. If we plant the seeds of success every day, we will get a successful harvest. 1.________
Try New Things
So many of life's great experiences wait just on the other side of our fears or our comfort zone. When the opportunity to try something new comes up, ask yourself，“Why not？”2.________ Don't miss out on the great moments that are waiting all around you every day!
Keep Learning
When we were kids it seemed like every day had something new that we hadn't experienced before. That's why young children will ask their parents “Why？”about a thousand times a week. 3.________ A lifetime of learning leads to a love for life.
Be Kind
It has been said that you can measure a person by how they treat the people who can do nothing for them. How often do you stop to talk to the people you encounter every day? One great way to get more out of your day is to fill it with people you know. 4.________ And take a moment to learn a little about them.
Find a Purpose
5．________ It may be to run a marathon, write a book, start a business, develop a product, or learn a new hobby or profession.
A．Have one or more big “life goals”．
B．If we delay the planting, we cannot have a good harvest.
C．We are learning and growing.
D．You have to make the most of every day in life.
E．Provide meaningful services for other people in any situation.
F．Many of the great moments in life are linked to new experiences.
G．The best way to know more people is to be kind to everyone you meet.
语篇解读：本文是说明文，播种什么就会收获什么。

如果你也想收获的话，需要养成每天都播种成功种子的习惯。

1．解析：选B根据关键词if，可以看出此处表达的是：如果我们每天都能撒下成功的种子，我们就会有一个成功的收获；如果我们耽搁了播种的话，也不会有好的收获。

2．解析：选F关键词是the great moments，new。

句意：生命中许多伟大的时刻都和新的经历有关，因此不要错过那些等待在你周围的那些时刻。

3．解析：选C关键词：learning对应C项中的learning。

4．解析：选Gbe kind对应G项中的be kind，认识更多的人的最好的方式就是要对你遇到的每一个人都要友好。

5．解析：选A找到一个或者更多的目标，goal和purpose呼应。

Ⅳ.短文改错
One day, on my way home after school, I found out a bag lying on the road. I picked it up. There was many money and a business card in the bag. From the card I know something about an owner, including her phone number. I realized I could get in touch the owner. So I called the owner, told her about the matter. Then I waited at the bus stop. It was not long after the owner arrived, and I gave the bag to her. So exciting and thankful to me was the owner that she took out some money to reward me, and I politely refused it. Then I walked back home, feeling very happy and pride.
答案：第一句：去掉lying
第三句：many→much
第四句：know→knew; an→the
第五句：touch后加with
第六句：told→telling 或 told前加 and
第八句：after→before
第九句：exciting→excited; 第二个and→but 第十句：pride→proud。