组织学与胚胎学重要英文注释

Chapter1 绪论
组织学histology
组织Tissue
器官organ
上皮组织Epithelial Tissue
结缔组织Connective Tissue
肌组织Muscular Tissue
神经组织Nervous Tissue
一样化学显微技术LM / light microscope
石蜡切片法Paraffin sectioning
苏木精Hematoxylin
伊红Eosin
电镜技术EM / electron microscope
透射电镜transmission election microscope
扫描电镜scanning electron microscope
组织化学术Histochemistry 细胞化学术Cytochemistry 免疫细胞化学术Immunocytochemistry
原位杂交In Situ Hybridization
组织培育技术Tissue Culture
组织工程Tissue Engineering
Chapter2 上皮组织
上皮组织epithelial tissue
极性polarity
单层扁平上皮Simple squamous epithelium
内皮endothelium
间皮mesothelium
单层立方上皮simple cuboidal epithelium
单层柱状上皮simple columnar epithelium
假复层纤毛柱状上皮Pseudostratified siliated columnar epithelium 复层扁平上皮Stratified squamous epithelium
变移上皮transitional epithelium
复层柱状上皮stratified columnar epithelium
腺上皮glandular epithelium
腺gland
导管duct
微绒毛microvillus
纤毛cilium
紧密连接tight junction
中间连接intermediate junction 粘着小带zonula adherens
桥粒desmosome 黏着斑macula adherens
裂缝连接gap junction 通信连接communication junction
基膜basement membrane
半桥粒hemidesmosome
质膜内褶plasma membrane infolding
Chapter3 结缔组织
间充质mesenchyme
疏松结缔组织loose connective tissue
成纤维细胞fibroblast
巨噬细胞macrophage
浆细胞plasma cell
肥大细胞mast cell
脂肪细胞fat cell
未分化的间充质细胞undifferentiated mesenchymal cell 白细胞white blood cell
纤维fiber
胶原纤维collagenous fiber
弹性纤维elastic fiber
网状纤维reticular fiber
基质ground substance
纤维粘连蛋白fibranectin
组织液tissue fluid
致密结缔组织dense connective tissue
脂肪组织adipose tissue
网状组织reticular tissue
Chapter4 血液
血清serum
红细胞erythrocyte / red blood cell
白细胞leukocytes / white blood cell / WBC
中性粒细胞neutophilic granulocyte
嗜酸性粒细胞eosinophilic granulocyte / Eosinophils 嗜碱性粒细胞basophilic graulocyte / basophil
血小板blood platelet
Chapter5 软骨和骨软骨cartilage
软骨细胞chondrocyte
软骨基质cartilage matrix
软骨囊cartilage capsule
骨组织osus tissue
骨板bone lamella
骨祖细胞osteoprogenitor cell
成骨细胞osteoblast
骨细胞osteocyte
破骨细胞osterclast
骨外膜periosteum
骨内膜endosteum
Chapter6 肌组织
肌组织Muscle tissue
肌膜sarcolemma
肌浆sarcoplasm
骨骼肌skeletal muscle
肌原纤维myofibril
肌节carcomere
粗肌丝thick filament
细肌丝thin filament
横小管transverse tubule
肌浆网sarcoplasmic reticulum
纵小管longitudinal tubule
终池terminal cisternae
三联体triad
心肌cardiac muscle
滑腻肌smooth muscle
Chapter7 神经组织神经细胞nerve cell
神经元Neuron
神经胶质Neuroglial cell
神经胶质细胞Neuroglial cell
神经元Neuron(nerve cell)
尼氏体nissl body
神经原纤维neurofibril
树突dendrite
轴突axon
星形胶质细胞astrocyte
血脑屏障blood brain barrier
神经纤维nerve fiber
有髓神经纤维myelinated nerve fiber
神经末梢nerve ending
运动神经末梢motor nerve ending
突触synapse
化学突触chemical synapse
Chapter10 循环系统被膜capsule
皮质cortex
髓质medulla
心内膜endocardium
心肌膜myocardium
心外膜epicardium
起搏细胞pacemaker cell
移行细胞transitional cell
蒲肯野纤维Purkinji fiber
内膜tunica intima
内皮Endothelium
中膜Tunica Media
外膜Tunica Adventitia
外弹性膜external elastic membrane
动脉Artery
中动脉medium-sized artery
小动脉small artery
微动脉arteriole
毛细血管capillary
持续毛细血管Continuous capillary
有孔毛细血管Fenestrated capillary
血窦sinusoid
静脉Vein
Chapter11 皮肤角质形成细胞kerationocyte
基底层stratum basale
棘层stratum spinosum
颗粒层stratum granulosum
透明层stratum lueidum
角质层stratum corneum
角质细胞horny cell
黑素细胞melanocyte
真皮dermis
乳头层papillary layer
网织层reticular layer
皮下组织hypodermis
毛hair
皮脂腺sebaceous gland
汗腺sweat gland
Chapter12 免疫系统
免疫系统Immune System
要紧组织相容性复合分子major histocompatibility complex molecules / MHC 淋巴细胞lymphocyte
T细胞T lymphocyte
B细胞B lymphocyte
抗原提呈细胞antigen presenting cell
树突状细胞dendritic cell DC
淋巴组织lymphoid tissue
弥散淋巴组织duffuse lymphoid tissue
淋巴小结lymphoid nodule
小结帽cap
中枢淋巴器官central lymphoid organ
胸腺thymus
薄层结缔组织被膜capsule
皮质cortex
胸腺细胞thymocyte
髓质medulla
胸腺小体thymic corpuscle
胸腺屏障blood-thymus barrier
淋巴结lymph node
副皮质区paracortex zone
胸腺依托区thymus dependent area
皮质淋巴窦cortical sinus
髓质medulla
髓索medullary sinus
髓窦medullary sinus
脾spleen
白髓white pulp
动脉周围淋巴鞘periarteriallymphatic sheath 红髓red pulp
脾索splenic cord
脾血窦splenic sinus
扁桃体tonsil
Chapter13 内分泌系统内分泌系统Endocrine system
甲状腺thyroid gland
滤泡上皮细胞Follicular epithelial cell
甲状腺激素Thyroid hormone
克汀病Cretins
降钙素calcitonin
生长抑素somatostatin
甲状旁腺激素parathyroid hormone
主细胞Chief cell
嗜酸性细胞Oxyphil cell
球状带Zona glomerulosa
束状带Zona fasciculata
网状带Zona reticularis
盐皮质激素Mineralocorticoid
醛固酮Aldosterone
糖皮质激素Glucocorticoid
雄激素androgy
远侧部Pars distalis
生长激素细胞STH somatotroph
催乳激素细胞PRL mammotroph
促甲状腺激素细胞TSH thyrotroph
促性腺激素细胞gonadotroph
促肾上腺皮质激素细胞corticotroph
生长激素细胞Somatotroph
分泌生长激素Growth hormone
催乳激素细胞Mammotroph
催乳素Prolaction/PRL
中间部Pars intermedia
结节部Pars tuberalis
黑素细胞刺激素细胞melanotroph
垂体细胞pituicyte
赫令体Herring body
催产素Oxytocin
抗利尿激素Antidiuretic hormone/ADH
激素催产素Oxytocin, OT
血管加压素vasopressin, VP
抗利尿激素antidiuretic hormone,ADH
Chapter14 消化管消化管Digestive Tract
粘膜Tunica mucosa
上皮epithelium
固有层Lamina propria
粘膜肌层Muscularis mucosa 粘膜基层submucosa
肌层Tunica muscularis
外膜adventitia
纤维膜fibrosa
浆膜serosa
食管esophagus
胃stomach
胃小凹Gastric pit
胃底腺Gastric gland
壁细胞parietal cell
主细胞chief cell
颈粘液细胞neck mucous cell 内分泌细胞endocrine cell
未分化细胞undifferentiated cell 泌酸细胞oxyntic cell
贲门腺Cardiac gland
幽门腺Pyloric gland
小肠small intestine
潘氏细胞Paneth cell
大肠Large intestine
阑尾appendix
Chapter15 消化腺消化腺Digestive Gland
腺泡alveolus
浆液性腺泡Serous alveolus
粘液性腺泡Mucous alveolus
混合性腺泡Mixed alveolus
导管duct
闰管Intercalated duct
纹状管Striated duct
舌下腺Sublingual gland
胰腺pancreas
泡心细胞centroacinar cell
胰岛pancreatic islet
肝Liver
肝小叶hepatic lobule
肝细胞hepatocyte
肝血窦Hepatic sinusoid
窦周隙Disse 隙
胆小管Bile canaliculus
胆囊gall bladder
Chapter16 呼吸系统呼吸系统respiratory system
纤毛细胞ciliated cell
杯状细胞goblet cell
刷细胞brush cell
小颗粒细胞small granule cell
细支气管bronchiole
终末细支气管terminal bronchiole
克拉拉细胞Clara cell
呼吸性细支气管respiratory bronchiole
肺泡管alveolar duct
肺泡囊alveolar sac
肺泡pulmonary alreoli
肺泡隔alveolar septum
肺巨噬细胞pulmonary macrophage
尘细胞dust cell
肺泡孔alveolar pore
气血屏障blood-air barrier
Chapter17 泌尿系统
Chapter18 男性生殖系统男性生殖系统Male reproductive system
精原细胞spermatogonium
低级精母细胞primary spermatocyte
次级精母细胞secondary spermatocyte
精子细胞spermatid
精子形成spermiogenesis
精子spermatozoon
睾丸间质细胞Leydig细胞
Chapter19 女性生殖系统女性生殖系统Female reproductive system
卵巢ovary
原始卵泡primordial follicle
低级卵泡primary follicle
透明带zona pellucida
放射冠corona radiata
卵泡膜follicular theca
透明带zona pellucida
次级卵泡secondary follicle
卵丘cumulus oophorus
内膜层Theca interna
外膜层Theca externa
成熟卵泡mature follicle
排卵ovulation
黄体corpus luteum
颗粒黄体细胞Theca lutein cell
膜黄体细胞Granular lutein cell
闭锁卵泡atretic follicle
间质腺Interstitial gland
子宫uterus
内膜endometrium
肌层myometrium
外膜perimetrium
月经周期menstrual cycle
月经期menstrual phase
增生期proliferative phase
分泌期secretory phase
Chapter20 胚胎学绪论胚胎学embryology
胎儿fetus
Chapter21 胚胎发生总论受精fertilization
精子获能capacitation
受精卵zygote
卵裂球blastomere
胚泡blastocyst
植入implantation
上胚层epiblast
下胚层hypoblast
中胚层mesoderm
内胚层endoderm
外胚层ectoderm
绒毛膜chorion
羊膜amnion
脐带umbilical cord
胎盘placenta
人绒毛膜促性腺激素HCG, human chorionic gonadotropin 孪生twins
先本性畸形congenital malformation
致畸因子teratogen
致畸灵敏期susceptible period
Chapter22 颜面和四肢的发生唇裂cleft lip
腭裂cleft palate
Chapter23 消化系统和呼吸系统的发生麦克尔憩室Meckels’ diverticulum
先本性脐疝congenital umbilical hernia
Chapter24泌尿系统和生殖系统的发生多囊肾polycystic kidney
异位肾ectopic kidney
马蹄肾horseshoe kidney
肾缺如agenesis of kidney
膀胱外翻Extrophy of bladder
睾丸决定因子testis-determining factor
尿道下裂Hypospadia
雄激素不灵敏综合征Androgen insensitivity syndrome
泌尿系统Urinary system。