分词做状语和独立主格结构
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children began to cry.
第八页，共37页。
过去(guòqù)完成时
? 1.定义(dì在ng过y去ì)某：一时间或动作(dòngzuò)之前已经 生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。
? 2. 结构：had done 被动：had been done
I had finished reading the novel by nine o‘clock last nigh。t
___________(catch) on the spot, the thief had to admit his crime.
第六页，共37页。
Ved 作状语(zhuàngyǔ)
? 1.过去分词作状语(zhuàng时yǔ间)，、(s表h条í示件jiā、n)原因、 让步、伴随情况 等。
? 过去分词的 逻辑主语 是主句的主语
第二十六页，共37页。
Practice
1.The cave ________ very dark, he lit
some candles ________ light.
A. was; given
B. was; to give
C. being; given D. being; to give
第二十七页，共37页。
3. 结构(jiégòu) 名词(/主mí格ng代c词í)(+d现ài在cí分) 词 /过去分词 /不定式 /形容词 /副词/介词短语
There being +名词/代词 It being + 名词/代词
第二十一页，共37页。
? The girl _______(stare) at him (= As the girl stared at him), he didn‘t know what to say.
C. seizing; disappearing D. seized; disappearing
第十四页，共37页。
5. _______ in the queue for half an hour,
Tom suddenly realized that he had left
his wallet at home.
C. Having suffered
D. Being suffered
第十一页，共37页。
? 2. He sent me an e-mail, ________ to
get further information.
A. hoped
B. hoping
C. to hope
D. hope
第十二页，共37页。
2. v-ing 形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须和主
句主语保持一致； 3. 否定式直接在分词前加
not
第五页，共37页。
Not knowing her address, we had to get
in touch with her.
__________(finish) the class, she went home.
第二十九页，共37页。
5.____,we went home. A. Our homework had been finished
B.Our homework having been finished
C. Our homework finishing
D. Our homework been finished
第二十二页，共37页。
独立主格与状语从句(cónɡ jù)的转
当状语(zhuàng主yǔ语)从(与z句h主ǔ的y句ǔ)的主语不同
时，可用独立主格结构取代状语从句，
但不再保留连词。
After class was over ，the
students soon left the classroom.
Class being over / Class over
第二十三页，共37页。
? He is going to make a model plane,
some old parts to help. His mother （being ） ill , he had to stay
home to look after her.
? The meeting （being ） over , they all
D. flowing in the breeze
第二十八页，共37页。
4. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons
_________ for the day.
A. finishing
B. finished
C. had finished D. were finished
There being no bus, we had to go home on foot.
第二十五页，共37页。
? Our English teacher came into the
classroom, book in hand.
? n/pron+ 介词(jiècí)短语结构n/p中ro，n 前不可(bùkě 冠词或形容词性物主代词（ his ，her ， our… ）
Grammar Revision
分词(fēn cí)做状语 和
独立(dúlì)主格结构
第一页，共37页。
分词做状 语
V-ing 作状语(, zhuàngyǔ)
可表时间、原因、方式、结果(jiē guǒ)、条
让步、伴随(bàn suí)或陪,衬等含义
相当于一个对应的 状语从句 所表达的
意思 .
第二页，共37页。
第十页，共37页。
Practice
? 1. _______ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.
A. Suffered
B. Suffering
第十六页，共37页。
7. Unless ___ to speak, you should
remain silent at the conference.
A. invited
B. inviting
C. being invited D. having invited
第十七页，共37页。
7. _____ in 1636, Harvard is one of the
第七页，共37页。
______(see) from space, the earth looks
blue.
When it is…
_______(keep )in refrigerator, these
vegetables will remain fresh.
If they are… Deeply ________(move) by the story, the
A. To wait
B. Have waited
C. Having waited D. To have waited
第十五页，共37页。
6. If ___ the same treatment again, he's
sure to get well. A. giving B. give
C. given D. being given
went home.
第二十四页，共37页。
being （或 having been ）
不能省略(shěnglüè)的情形
(1) 独立(dúlì)主格的逻辑主代语词是时。 It being Sunday , we went to church.
(2)在There being＋名词/代词的结构中(j。iégòu)
6.The meeting____, he went back to his company. A. Over B. had over C. was over D. have been over
一种独立结构，用于修饰(xiūshì)整个句子。
第十九页，共37页。
2. 特点(tèdiǎn) 1）独立(dúlì)主格结逻构辑的(luó 与jí句)主子语的主语不
同，它独立存在。
2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词， 不定 式，介词等是 主谓关系 。
3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
第二十页，共37页。
? Time _______(permit) (= If time permits),
we will go for an outing tomorrow.
? The problems______ (solve) (= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved.
If…
第三页，共37页。
? We were sitting by the window, _______(talk) about what happened
yesterday.( 伴随(bàn suí)） His parents died, _________(leave) him
an orphan.
3. The girl in the snapshot （快照(kuwàiaszshmàoil)in）g sweetly, her long hair _________.
A. flowed in the breeze
B. was flowing in the breeze
C. were flowing in the breeze
2. The soldier rushed into the cave, his right hand ________ a gun and his face ________ with sweat.
A held; covered
B. hol. held; covering
? 3. While building a tunnel through the mountain, _______.
? A. an underground lake was discovered
B. there was an underground lake
discovered C. a lake was discovered underground
I thought I had seen him before .
第九页，共37页。
与分词作状语(zhuàngyǔ)交叉
After she had finished the office work,
she came to the sitting room and relaxed. Having finished the office work, she …
第四页，共37页。
? Having met him for many times, she
decided to help him out.
After she had met him for many times,…
1.v-ing 形式作状语时，若它所表示(biǎoshì)的动作 生在主句谓语动作之前(zhīqiánh)a，vi需ng用done, 被动(bèidhòanvgi)n形g b式een done
most famous universities in the United
States.
A. Being founded B. It was founded
C. Founded
D. Founding
第十八页，共37页。
独立(dúlì)主格结构
? 1.由名词或代词加上分词或分词短语(duǎnyǔ)构成
1. _______（walk ）in the street, I
came across an old friend. When….
2. ______(be) ill, he didn't go to school. Because…
3. ______(use) your head, you will find a way.
D. the workers discovered an underground lake
第十三页，共37页。
4. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden
carriage ________ the girl and took
her away, ________ into the woods. A. seizing; disappeared B. seized; disappeared
第八页，共37页。
过去(guòqù)完成时
? 1.定义(dì在ng过y去ì)某：一时间或动作(dòngzuò)之前已经 生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。
? 2. 结构：had done 被动：had been done
I had finished reading the novel by nine o‘clock last nigh。t
___________(catch) on the spot, the thief had to admit his crime.
第六页，共37页。
Ved 作状语(zhuàngyǔ)
? 1.过去分词作状语(zhuàng时yǔ间)，、(s表h条í示件jiā、n)原因、 让步、伴随情况 等。
? 过去分词的 逻辑主语 是主句的主语
第二十六页，共37页。
Practice
1.The cave ________ very dark, he lit
some candles ________ light.
A. was; given
B. was; to give
C. being; given D. being; to give
第二十七页，共37页。
3. 结构(jiégòu) 名词(/主mí格ng代c词í)(+d现ài在cí分) 词 /过去分词 /不定式 /形容词 /副词/介词短语
There being +名词/代词 It being + 名词/代词
第二十一页，共37页。
? The girl _______(stare) at him (= As the girl stared at him), he didn‘t know what to say.
C. seizing; disappearing D. seized; disappearing
第十四页，共37页。
5. _______ in the queue for half an hour,
Tom suddenly realized that he had left
his wallet at home.
C. Having suffered
D. Being suffered
第十一页，共37页。
? 2. He sent me an e-mail, ________ to
get further information.
A. hoped
B. hoping
C. to hope
D. hope
第十二页，共37页。
2. v-ing 形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须和主
句主语保持一致； 3. 否定式直接在分词前加
not
第五页，共37页。
Not knowing her address, we had to get
in touch with her.
__________(finish) the class, she went home.
第二十九页，共37页。
5.____,we went home. A. Our homework had been finished
B.Our homework having been finished
C. Our homework finishing
D. Our homework been finished
第二十二页，共37页。
独立主格与状语从句(cónɡ jù)的转
当状语(zhuàng主yǔ语)从(与z句h主ǔ的y句ǔ)的主语不同
时，可用独立主格结构取代状语从句，
但不再保留连词。
After class was over ，the
students soon left the classroom.
Class being over / Class over
第二十三页，共37页。
? He is going to make a model plane,
some old parts to help. His mother （being ） ill , he had to stay
home to look after her.
? The meeting （being ） over , they all
D. flowing in the breeze
第二十八页，共37页。
4. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons
_________ for the day.
A. finishing
B. finished
C. had finished D. were finished
There being no bus, we had to go home on foot.
第二十五页，共37页。
? Our English teacher came into the
classroom, book in hand.
? n/pron+ 介词(jiècí)短语结构n/p中ro，n 前不可(bùkě 冠词或形容词性物主代词（ his ，her ， our… ）
Grammar Revision
分词(fēn cí)做状语 和
独立(dúlì)主格结构
第一页，共37页。
分词做状 语
V-ing 作状语(, zhuàngyǔ)
可表时间、原因、方式、结果(jiē guǒ)、条
让步、伴随(bàn suí)或陪,衬等含义
相当于一个对应的 状语从句 所表达的
意思 .
第二页，共37页。
第十页，共37页。
Practice
? 1. _______ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.
A. Suffered
B. Suffering
第十六页，共37页。
7. Unless ___ to speak, you should
remain silent at the conference.
A. invited
B. inviting
C. being invited D. having invited
第十七页，共37页。
7. _____ in 1636, Harvard is one of the
第七页，共37页。
______(see) from space, the earth looks
blue.
When it is…
_______(keep )in refrigerator, these
vegetables will remain fresh.
If they are… Deeply ________(move) by the story, the
A. To wait
B. Have waited
C. Having waited D. To have waited
第十五页，共37页。
6. If ___ the same treatment again, he's
sure to get well. A. giving B. give
C. given D. being given
went home.
第二十四页，共37页。
being （或 having been ）
不能省略(shěnglüè)的情形
(1) 独立(dúlì)主格的逻辑主代语词是时。 It being Sunday , we went to church.
(2)在There being＋名词/代词的结构中(j。iégòu)
6.The meeting____, he went back to his company. A. Over B. had over C. was over D. have been over
一种独立结构，用于修饰(xiūshì)整个句子。
第十九页，共37页。
2. 特点(tèdiǎn) 1）独立(dúlì)主格结逻构辑的(luó 与jí句)主子语的主语不
同，它独立存在。
2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词， 不定 式，介词等是 主谓关系 。
3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
第二十页，共37页。
? Time _______(permit) (= If time permits),
we will go for an outing tomorrow.
? The problems______ (solve) (= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved.
If…
第三页，共37页。
? We were sitting by the window, _______(talk) about what happened
yesterday.( 伴随(bàn suí)） His parents died, _________(leave) him
an orphan.
3. The girl in the snapshot （快照(kuwàiaszshmàoil)in）g sweetly, her long hair _________.
A. flowed in the breeze
B. was flowing in the breeze
C. were flowing in the breeze
2. The soldier rushed into the cave, his right hand ________ a gun and his face ________ with sweat.
A held; covered
B. hol. held; covering
? 3. While building a tunnel through the mountain, _______.
? A. an underground lake was discovered
B. there was an underground lake
discovered C. a lake was discovered underground
I thought I had seen him before .
第九页，共37页。
与分词作状语(zhuàngyǔ)交叉
After she had finished the office work,
she came to the sitting room and relaxed. Having finished the office work, she …
第四页，共37页。
? Having met him for many times, she
decided to help him out.
After she had met him for many times,…
1.v-ing 形式作状语时，若它所表示(biǎoshì)的动作 生在主句谓语动作之前(zhīqiánh)a，vi需ng用done, 被动(bèidhòanvgi)n形g b式een done
most famous universities in the United
States.
A. Being founded B. It was founded
C. Founded
D. Founding
第十八页，共37页。
独立(dúlì)主格结构
? 1.由名词或代词加上分词或分词短语(duǎnyǔ)构成
1. _______（walk ）in the street, I
came across an old friend. When….
2. ______(be) ill, he didn't go to school. Because…
3. ______(use) your head, you will find a way.
D. the workers discovered an underground lake
第十三页，共37页。
4. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden
carriage ________ the girl and took
her away, ________ into the woods. A. seizing; disappeared B. seized; disappeared