Planes & Body Cavities计划cavities &体
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• Often adapted for secretion ex. Line the stomach
Slide 4.4
Serous Membranes
• Line thoracic / abdominal cavities & keep everything “wet” / lubricated
• Surface simple squamous epithelium
Body Planes
Anatomic reference systems describe the location and functions of body parts. The basic reference systems are: body planes, body directions, body cavities, and structural units
Transverse Plane
The transverse plane, also known as the horizontal plane,
divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions.
Ventral and Dorsal
Inferior means lowermost,
below or toward the feet. For example, the stomach is located inferior to (below) the diaphragm.
Body Cavities
Dorsal Cavity Ventral Cavity Terms Related to
• Bursitis is inflammation of membranes and sacs in the knee
Figure 4.2
Slide 4.7
Basic Features of the Nervous System
Meninges:
The three layers of tissue that encase the central nervous system; the dura mater, arachnoid membrane, and the pia mater.
Homeostasis means
maintaining a constant internal environment.
The ventral cavity is divided into three parts: thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities.
Brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, spinal nerves, peripheral ganglia
Cutaneous Membrane
• Cutaneous membrane = skin
• A dry membrane
• Outermost protective
Dura mater: Outermost, tough and flexible.
Arachnoid membrane:
Middle layer located between the dura mater
and pia
mater.
Pia mater:
Innermost layer of the meninges that clings to the
• Superficial epidermis
• Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
• Underlying dermis
• Mostly dense connective tissue
Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 4.1a
Slide 4.3
Divisions of the Spinal Cord
Cervical vertebrae: C Thoracic vertebrae: T Lumbar vertebrae: L Sacrum: S
Spinal column or spinal cord Disk (slipped disk)
Body planes are imaginary horizontal and vertical lines used to divide the body into sections
The use of these planes makes it easier to describe the location of an organ or problem.
Ventral refers to
the front or belly side of the body.
Dorsal refers to
the back of the body.
Superior and Inferior
Superior means uppermost,
above or toward the head. For example, the lungs are located superior to (above) the diaphragm.
Abdominal Cavity
Body Cavities
Cranial
Spinal
Thoracic Diaphragm Adbdominal
Pelvic
Body Cavities
The dorsal cavity contains the structure of the nervous system that coordinate the bodily functions.
• Ex. Sac around heart = pericardial sac
• Ex. Sac around lungs = pleural membranes
Slide 4.5
Synovial Membranes
• Connective Tissue have membranes
• Lines fibrous capsules surrounding joints
FLASH MOVIE -- CLICK
MEMBRANES
Lecture Slides in PowerPoint by Jerry L. Cook
Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Mucous Membranes
The dorsal cavity is divided
into the cranial cavity,
which contains the brain,
and the spinal cavity,
which contains the spinal cord.
The ventral cavity contains the body organs that maintain homeostasis.
Midline and Bilateral Symetery
The midline, also known as the midsagittal plane, is a vertical plane that divides the body, into equal left and right halves.
• Lines all body cavities that open to the exterior
• Line the digestive, respiratory, urinary and reproductive systems
• Loose connective tissue underneath
surface
of the brain; thin and delicate.
Dura Mater
Arachnoid Membrane Subarachnoid Space
[Blood vessels and Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)]
Pia Mater
Nervous System Tissue
Slide 4.4
Serous Membranes
• Line thoracic / abdominal cavities & keep everything “wet” / lubricated
• Surface simple squamous epithelium
Body Planes
Anatomic reference systems describe the location and functions of body parts. The basic reference systems are: body planes, body directions, body cavities, and structural units
Transverse Plane
The transverse plane, also known as the horizontal plane,
divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions.
Ventral and Dorsal
Inferior means lowermost,
below or toward the feet. For example, the stomach is located inferior to (below) the diaphragm.
Body Cavities
Dorsal Cavity Ventral Cavity Terms Related to
• Bursitis is inflammation of membranes and sacs in the knee
Figure 4.2
Slide 4.7
Basic Features of the Nervous System
Meninges:
The three layers of tissue that encase the central nervous system; the dura mater, arachnoid membrane, and the pia mater.
Homeostasis means
maintaining a constant internal environment.
The ventral cavity is divided into three parts: thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities.
Brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, spinal nerves, peripheral ganglia
Cutaneous Membrane
• Cutaneous membrane = skin
• A dry membrane
• Outermost protective
Dura mater: Outermost, tough and flexible.
Arachnoid membrane:
Middle layer located between the dura mater
and pia
mater.
Pia mater:
Innermost layer of the meninges that clings to the
• Superficial epidermis
• Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
• Underlying dermis
• Mostly dense connective tissue
Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 4.1a
Slide 4.3
Divisions of the Spinal Cord
Cervical vertebrae: C Thoracic vertebrae: T Lumbar vertebrae: L Sacrum: S
Spinal column or spinal cord Disk (slipped disk)
Body planes are imaginary horizontal and vertical lines used to divide the body into sections
The use of these planes makes it easier to describe the location of an organ or problem.
Ventral refers to
the front or belly side of the body.
Dorsal refers to
the back of the body.
Superior and Inferior
Superior means uppermost,
above or toward the head. For example, the lungs are located superior to (above) the diaphragm.
Abdominal Cavity
Body Cavities
Cranial
Spinal
Thoracic Diaphragm Adbdominal
Pelvic
Body Cavities
The dorsal cavity contains the structure of the nervous system that coordinate the bodily functions.
• Ex. Sac around heart = pericardial sac
• Ex. Sac around lungs = pleural membranes
Slide 4.5
Synovial Membranes
• Connective Tissue have membranes
• Lines fibrous capsules surrounding joints
FLASH MOVIE -- CLICK
MEMBRANES
Lecture Slides in PowerPoint by Jerry L. Cook
Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Mucous Membranes
The dorsal cavity is divided
into the cranial cavity,
which contains the brain,
and the spinal cavity,
which contains the spinal cord.
The ventral cavity contains the body organs that maintain homeostasis.
Midline and Bilateral Symetery
The midline, also known as the midsagittal plane, is a vertical plane that divides the body, into equal left and right halves.
• Lines all body cavities that open to the exterior
• Line the digestive, respiratory, urinary and reproductive systems
• Loose connective tissue underneath
surface
of the brain; thin and delicate.
Dura Mater
Arachnoid Membrane Subarachnoid Space
[Blood vessels and Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)]
Pia Mater
Nervous System Tissue