中考英语复习课本知识整理 八年级下Unit 10

中考英语复习课本知识整理八年级下Unit 10
It's a nice day, isn't it
【知识梳理】
【课文解析】
1. last 持续，为延续性动词，可与一段时间及How long 连用
如：
America Civil War lasted for four years. 美国内战持续了四年。

Our holidays lasted for ten days. 我们休了十天假。

2. always 频度副词，意思是：永远，一直，总是
(1)always，usually，often，sometimes，hardly ever和never是频度副词，与疑问词how often 对应。

它在句中位于实义动词之前，情态动词(may，can，would，could等)、助动词(do，did，does，have，had等)、连系动词(be)之后。

He is always wearing that blue shirt. 他总是穿着那件蓝色的衬衣。

I always think of her in that dress. 我总是想起她穿着那件连衣裙的样子。

(2)always与进行时连用，常带有感情色彩。

The boy is always telling lies. 这孩子总是说谎。

(表示生气)
He is always talking to his father like that 他老是那样和他父亲说话。

(表示不满)
3. alone
(1)alone形容词，意为“单独的；独一无二的”，只可作表语。

I am not alone in this opinion. 不只是我一个有这想法。

(2)alone也可作副词，意为“单独，独自”。

He alone knows the secret. 只有他一人知道秘密。

She lived alone. 她独居。

The key alone will open the door. 只有这把钥匙能开这个门。

He did it all alone. 这事是他一个人干的。

4．cross
(1)cross作动词，意为“横渡，渡过；越过”。

They crossed the road. 他们过了马路。

(2)cross作动词时，还可表示“交叉，相交；错过”。

例如：
We crossed each other on the way. 我们在途中错过了。

(3)近义词：pass 穿过
5. along
(1)along作副词(与动词连用)，意为“往前，向前”
Let us walk along. 让我们往前走。

(2)along作副词时，还可表示“共同，一起”。

例如：
I took my brother along.
我带着弟弟。

(3)along还可作介词，意为“沿着”。

例如：
We walked along the river. 我们沿着河走。

6. feel like表示“感觉是，似乎”
What’s this in my pocket? It feels like a nut.
什么东西在我口袋里？摸上去像是个坚果。

feel like后可接doing sth，表示“喜欢(愿意)做某事”。

I feel like staying at home to the weekends. 我喜欢周末待在家里。

7. enjoy是带有欣赏性质的“喜欢，喜爱”，且含“享受”之意。

例如：
I think everyone enjoyed your wonderful party 我想所有的人都非常欣赏你们的精彩晚会。

enjoy doing表示“喜欢，乐意做某事”，指从某件事中享受到乐趣。

例如：
I enjoy listening to music. 我很喜欢听音乐。

8. be good at表示“擅长，在……方面做得好”，at后面跟名词、代词或动名词。

He is good at swimming. 他擅长游泳。

What subjects are you good at? 你擅长哪些科目？
She is good at math. 她擅长数学。

He is good at singing. 他擅长唱歌。

近义词组：do well in，更强调一次性做得好。

You did well in the Chinese exam.
你这次语文考试考得好。

9. clean表示“打扫”，及物动词，还有形容词词性。

(1)clean作动词，意为“打扫，弄干净”。

The students are cleaning the classroom. 学生们在打扫教室。

(2)clean还可作形容词，意为“干净的”，其反义词为dirty。

Please keep the classroom clean and tidy. 请保持教室干净整齐。

【重难点分析】
1. He sure is!
他确实很好！
(1)此处sure是副词，意为“的确，一定”。

It sure was a cold day. 的确是个冷天。

(2)口语中可以单独使用，表示“同意”。

——Are you going? 你去吗？
——Sure. 当然啦。

(3)sure还常用作表语。

其用法如下：
be sure of表示“对……有把握，肯定……”。

I’m sure of his coming.我确信他能来。

be sure that… 表示“确定，确信……”。

I’m sure that he will come.我确信他能来。

2. It looks like rain，doesn’t it?看起来要下雨了，不是吗？
(1)it作代词，在本句中指“天气”，it还可指“时间，距离”。

例如：
It’s a fine day today.今天天气很好。

It’s seven o’clock.现在7点了。

It’s two kilometers away from my home to school.从我家到学校有2千米远。

(2)本句中look作系动词，后可接形容词、名词。

She looks very sad. 她看上去很伤心。

You look very happy today. 今天你看上去很高兴。

3. Do you think it’ll stop by noon?你认为到中午雨会停吗？
(1)think后引导的是一个宾语从句，用陈述句语序。

Do you think she can carry the box? 你认为她能搬动这个箱子吗？
(2)by表示时间，指“在……前，不迟于，到……时(为止)”，相当于before。

Can you finish your work by 6 pm? 下午6点前你们能完成工作吗？
By the time we got there，the bus had already gone. 当我们到达那儿时，公共汽车已经走了。

by也可以表示方法、手段，意为“同，靠，用，通过”。

by phone 用电话
by bus 乘公共汽车
by还可以表示位置，意为“在……旁，靠近”相当于beside，near等。

I sit by the window. 我坐在窗子旁。

4. I hope the bus comes soon. 我希望公共汽车很快就来。

(1)soon表示“不久，很快”，指的是时间上的“快”。

I want to get your letter soon. 我想尽快收到你的来信。

The winter comes soon. 冬天马上就要来了。

(2)hope意为“希望”，表示的是“有把握、有信心实现某一愿望”，它后面常接动词不定式或从句作宾语。

I hope to hear from you soon. 我希望不久收到你的来信。

I hope it will be fine tomorrow. 我希望明天是好天气。

5. Thank you so much for inviting me. 非常感谢你邀请我。

(1)这是对别人提出邀请的礼貌答语。

thanks for后接名词或动名词形式，用for引起要表示致谢的原因，表示“因为……而感谢你”。

表示感谢最简单最常用的方式是说Thank you或Thanks(这是更随便的说法)。

Thank you for telling me. 谢谢你告诉我。

Thank you for a delicious lunch. 谢谢你的美味午餐。

Thank you for giving me so much help. 谢谢你给了我如此多的帮助。

Thanks for your help. 谢谢你的帮助。

(2)invite作及物动词，后常跟“人”，也常与to连用，表示“邀请某人去……”。

She invited us to her party.
她邀请我们参加她的聚会。

如果你当面邀请人，不可用invite，需用would you like来表达。

例如：
Would you like to come to the party? 你们愿意来参加聚会吗？
6. I’m going to ask my cousin，Tommy，to go with me.我打算要我的表兄汤米和我一起去。

(1)Tommy在本句中作my cousin的同位语，是对my cousin的补充说明。

My sister，Jane，is a student. 我妹妹，简，是一名学生。

(2)to go在这里是ask的宾语补足语，即ask sb to do sth，表示“要求某人做某事。

”例如：
My boss asked me to f inish the work before six o’clock.
老板要求我在下午6点前完成这项工作。

He always asks me to help him with his homework. 他经常让我帮助他做作业。

(3)本句中with是指“和某人在一起”，后常跟名词或代词作宾语，其后若跟人称代词时，要用宾格形式。

I am going to the park with my mother.
= My mother and I are going to the park. 我打算和妈妈一起去公园。

I spend a good time with my students. 我和学生们共度美好时光。

7. He said he'd help me with my math project．他说他将帮助我做数学作业。

(1)这是一个含有宾语从句的主从复合句，宾语从句为过去将来时。

不管是什么人称后，这个时态均由“would+动词原形”构成，这个时态常常用在宾语从句中，特别是用于宾语从句中，其主语应是一般过去时。

I knew you would agree. 我知道你会同意的。

I said l would arrange everything. 我说我要安排一切。

He told me he would wait for me outside. 他告诉我他将在外边等我。

I asked if he would come and mend my television set. 我问他可否来修我的电视机。

(2)help sb. with sth.是固定搭配。

May I help you with your luggage? 我帮你拿行李好吗?
Let me help you off with your coat. 我来帮你脱上衣。

Please help me up with this heavy box. 请帮我把这个大箱子抬上去。

(3)句中project意为“作业”。

In their geography class，the children are doing a special project on North American Indians. 在地理课上，孩子们正在做一个有关北美印第安人的特别作业。

I did my physics project with my classmates in my house yesterday evening.
昨天晚上我与我班的同学在我家做家庭作业。

8. Paul and I are good friends. We get along well because we both like sports.
我和保罗是好朋友，我们相处得很好，因为我们俩都喜欢运动。

(1)both表示“(两者)都”，在句中常用在系/助/情态动词之后，行为动词之前。

We are both tall. 我们俩都很高。

They are both boys. 他们俩都是男孩。

We both have short hair 我们俩都留短发。

They both go to this school. 他们俩都在这所学校读书。

My parents both like hiking. 我父母都喜欢远足。

(2)both常与and连用，意为“不但……而且……；既……又……”，用于连接两个并列成分。

若连接两个主语时，谓语动词须用复数形式。

Both New York and London have traffic problems. 纽约和伦敦都存在交通问题。

The secretary both speaks and writes Spanish 这位秘书不但能说而且能写西班牙语。

Both teaching and research work are making great strides.教学与科研都在大踏步前进。

(3)get along也可写作get on，表示“相处”。

例如：
Do you get along well with your parents? 你和父母相处得好吗？
Lily gets along well with Lucy. 莉莉和露西相处得很好。

How do you get along with your classmates? 你和同学们相处得怎么样？
【词语辨析】
1. 时间介词in，on，at
in
(1)表示在较长的时间里(如周／月份／季节／年份／世纪等)。

如：
in a week；in May；in spring／summer／autumn／winter；in 2008；in the 1990’s
对于动词的主语是“借出”则用lend，其句型为“lend…to…”
如：
I can lend my bike to you，but you mustn't lend it to others.
我可以把我的自行车借给你，但你一定不要把它借给别人。

如果所借的东西要保留一段时间，用keep。

如：
“How long can I keep the book?”“Two weeks.”“这本书我可以借多久？”“两个星期。

”
3. hope与wish均可表示“希望，想”，均可用to do不定式作宾语，不可用doing。

其不同之处在于：
(1)“wish+宾语+to do”还可表示“命令”；hope不能这样用。

例如：
I wish you to go. 我要你去。

(2)hope后不能直接跟名词作宾语，但能跟“for+名词”，表示可能实现的“希望”；wish虽也能跟“for+名词”，但表示难以实现的“愿望”。

例如：
I hope for success. 我希望成功。

(可能性很大)
I wish for a car. 我很想得到小汽车。

(难以实现的愿望)
(3)hope和wish都可跟that从句，但“hope+ that从句”表示“希望”；“wish +that从句”表
—Twice a year. 一年两次。

—How often do you see a film? 你多长时间看一次电影？
—Once a month. 每月一次。

—Do you know how often Lily visit her grandparents?
你知道莉莉多长时间去看一次她的爷爷奶奶吗？
—Once a week. 一周一次。

(2)long表示物体的长度或时间的长度。

how long表示“多长”或“多久，多长时间”之意。

—How long can you stay at home during summer holiday? 暑假你能在家待多久？
—More than two months. 大约两个月。

—How long is this river? 这条河有多长？(指长度)
—It’s about 2658 kilometers.大约2658公里。

(3)how soon通常表示一般将来时，意为“再等多长时间？”“多长时间才……？”，是对“in+时间段”(in ten minutes / two hours / a we ek)提问。

Can you tell me how soon you can be ready? 你能告诉我你多久能准备好吗？
(4)How much is / are… ? ……多少钱？
①若询问某一商品多少钱时，一般用How much is / are … ? 这一句型，商品是单数或不可数名词时用is，商品是复数时用are。

—How much is that sweater? 那件毛衣多少钱？
—Two hundred and ten yuan. 210元。

—How much are the bananas? 这些香蕉多少钱？
—They are twenty-five yuan. 25元。

②询问商品的价格，还有以下几种问法：
How much，please? 请问多少钱？
How much do you want for it? 这些东西你要多少钱？
How much do you say it is? 你说要多少钱？
6. across，through与cross
都有“穿过，通过”之意。

across和through是介词，cross是动词。

(1)cross相当于“动词+across”，常用于指“横穿”。

Be careful when you cross the road.
= Be careful when you go across the road. 当你横穿马路时一定要小心。

(2)across指从物体的一侧到另一侧或从某个范围的一边到另一边。

它和on有关，表示从“面上”穿过。

Can you swim across the river? 你能游过这条河吗？
(3)though指“从……中通过”，着重指从空间的一头纵穿到另一头，含义与in有关。

It took him one hour to walk through the forest.他花费了一个小时的时间穿过那片森林。

语法讲解
1. 反意疑问句的结构：陈述句+简短疑问部分。

2. 反意疑问句的用法
（1）一般陈述句变反意疑问句的原则是：前肯定后否定，前否定后肯定。

即当陈述句部分是肯定式时，疑问部分用否定式；当陈述句部分是否定式时，疑问部分则用肯定式。

如：It is a nice day, isn’t it?
He isn’t a teacher, is he?
（2）当陈述句部分有否定词little, few, no, never, nobody, nothing, hardly, seldom，neither 等时，后面的疑问部分用肯定式。

如：He never goes to school late, does he?
She can hardly swim, can she?
（3）祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用 will you.
如：Turn on the light please, will you?
Don’t open the window, will you?
（4）Let’s 开头的反意疑问句，疑问部分用shall we，Let us开头的用will you。

如：Let’s play soccer, shall we?
Let us have a rest, will you?
（5）如果陈述句部分的主语是不定代词nothing，something，everything时, 疑问部分的主语用it；
如果陈述句部分的主语是不定代词everyone，nobody，somebody，someone时，疑问部分的主语用they或it。

如：Nothing is too difficult for me, is it?
No one knows me, do they?
【典型例题解析】
例1．You had a good time during the May Day holiday.，______you?
A. had
B. hadn’t
C. have
D. haven’t
A．at B since C．for D．in
3．Thanks for ______ to my new house yesterday．
A．to come B．coming C．came D．come
4．—What about _______?
—That’s not _______．
A．necklace；enough creative B．necklaces；enough creative
C．a necklace；creative enough D．a necklace；enough creative 5．Would you mind _________ out of the bathroom?
A．get B．to get C．got D．getting
6．There ________ a talk about education in our school library next week．A．will be B．will have C．would be D．would have 7．Her cousin has been to Qingdao，_________?
A．has she B．is she C．isn’t she D．hasn’t she 8．Don’t worry．I can _______ your pet parrot when you go out．
A．get along with B．say sorry C．turn down D．take care of
A．will you B．do you C．don’t you D．shall you
二、完形填空
A man is sitting in the doctor’s office．He was telling the doctor about his 1 ．“I
like football，doctor，”he said．“Please help me．My life has 2 been a good one since
I became 3 in football and it is getting worse and worse．I can’t even 4 well at
night．When I close my 5 ，I’m out there in the football field 6 after a flying ball．when I wake up，I’m more 7 than I was when I went to bed．What am I going to do?”The doctor sat back and said，“First of all，you 8 to do your best not to dream about football Before you are falling asleep，try to 9 about something else．Try to think that you are at a party and someone is going to give you several million dollars．”
“Are you crazy?”the man shouted，“I’ll 10 the ball！”
1．A．problem B．family C．sport D．journey
2．A．always B．already C .never D．often
3．A. interested B．careful C．deep D．strong
4．A．work B．play C．do D．sleep
5．A．doors B．windows C．books D．eyes
6．A．looking B．playing C．running D．waiting
7．A．worried B．tired C．surprised D．pleased
8．A．want B．hope C．have D．decide
9．A．hear B．write C．talk D．think
10．A．miss B．play C．catch D．pass
三、阅读理解
A
Mary，a young woman，had a little white sheep． She loved it very much．In the daytime she tied it to a tree to let it eat grass in the fields and in the evening she went to take it back home．
One evening she found someone had cut the rope (绳子) and the sheep was no longer in the fields．When her husband came back from work，she told him what had happened．At once her husband started to look．for the sheep．He went around the small village，but the sheep couldn’t be found．
The next day Mary’s husband heard that one. of his neiqghbours(邻居)，Alec，had bought
a sheep．“Perhaps Alec has stolen (偷) our sheep，”he said to himself. But when he got
to Alec’s house，he found be had made a mistake. In front of Alec’s house there was a black sheep．At that time it started to rain．He had to stay in Alec’s house．When he came outside after the rain stopped，he was surprised to find．that the white sheep was standing before him．Alec had dyed (染) its wool black Now it had been washed clean by the rain．根据短文内容，判断正(T)误(F)
1．Mary loved the white sheep，so she tied it to the tree behind her house．( ) 2．She let the sheep eat grass in the fields from morning to evening．( )
3．Mary knew where the sheep was．( )
4．After Mary’s husband came home，she asked him if he knew where the sheep was．( ) 5．Mary and her husband found the sheep in the village that day．( )
6．The next day one neighbour told Mary’s husband that Alec had stolen the sheep．( ) 7．When Mary’s husband arrived at Alee’s house he saw a black sheep．( )
8．After the rain the black sheep became white．( )
9．The rain helped him to find the sheep．( )
10．He had to stay in Alec’s house because it was raining．( )
B
Do you know Fei Junlong and Nie Haisheng? Fei Junlong was born in 1965．He is a Chinese astronaut selected (选拔) as a member of the Shenzhou program．He was born in Jiangsu and joined the People’s Liberation Army Air Force (中国人民解放军空军) in 1982 at the age of 17．And since then he has only returned home six times．As a fighter pilot (战机飞行员)，he was selected to be an astronaut in 1998．He married Wang Jie in 1991 and has one son．Nie Haisheng was born in September 1964．He is also a Chinese astronaut selected for the Shenzhou
program．He is from Hubei．After graduating from high
school he joined the People’s Liberation Army Air Force，and became a fighter pilot．In 1998 he was selected for the astronaut program．
He was one of the three astronauts who were in the final group to train for the Shenzhou
5 flight．Yang Liwei was also picked out for the flight，with Zhai Zhigang．
On September 23，2005 it was reported that Zhai and Nie would be one of the three pairs of astronauts who would be in the final training for Shenzhou 6．But in the end，Fei and Nie were chosen，and Zhai missed his chance to space again．
Nie Haisheng got married to Nie Jielin and has an 11-year-old daughter．
11．When did Nie join the army?
A．In 1982．B．In 1998．
C．In 1991．D．After his graduation from high school．12．Who among the astronauts in this passage hasn’t been to space?
A．Zhai Zhigang．B．Nie Haisheng．
C．Yang Liwei．D．Fei Junlong．
13．How many times has Fei Junlong returned home since he left at the age of 17?
A．Three times．B．Four times．
C．Six times．D．Eight times．
14．How many people did the writer mention in this passage?
A．5．B．6．C．7 D．8．15．Which of the followings is TRUE according to this passage?
A．Yang Liwei was born in Jiangsu．
B．Nie Haisheug has an eleven-year-old daughter．
C．Fei Junlong is one year older than Nie Haisheng．
D．Zhai Zhigang got married to Nie Jielin and has a son．
四、词汇
A．根据汉语及首字母提示补全单词
1．Our teacher gave us some _________ (建议)．
2．They s_________ 80 yuan on the coat．
3．It’s going to rain．You’d better take all u_________ with you．
4．I have collected three hundred __________ (邮票)．
5．My English teacher said my _________ (听力) was very good．
6．There is a ________ (公司) near my house．
7．The o________ of“out” is “in”．
8．This is the r_______ of Units 6～10．
9．Last year I ________ (买) the computer in Japan．
10．Britain is a E________ country．
B．用所给单词的适当形式填空
11．He has been __________ (swim) for ten years．
12．Some ________ are _________ (visit) the Great Wall now．
13．He didn’t finish ___________ (write) his test because he ran out of time．14．There are lots of boys ________ (play) football over there．
15．________ (make) a meal at home is very interesting and full of fun．
16．She told me ________ (read) more books when I had time．
17．—Where is Mr Green?
—He _________ (go) to New York．
18．I think it’s better for animals to live in _________ (nature) environment．19．You’ll fail in the exam if you _________ (not work) harder．
20．In the western part of China it’s often ________ (sand)．
2．现在我觉得像这个团体中的一员了。

I feel like _______ ________the group now．
3．他们确实对我很友好。

They were really ________ _________ me．
4．我不认识一些女孩子。

I didn’t _______ _________ of the girls．
5．周日晚上我玩得非常愉快。

I _______ ________ ________ _________ on Sunday night．
6．很遗憾，你和你爸爸不能去。

I’m sorry you and your father __________ ____________．7．但是我真的很高兴有这张票。

But I’m really _________ ___________ __________ the ticket．8．我看到他们赢得比赛时我会想到你的。

I’ll ________ _________ you as I watch them win the game．
_____________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________
B
根据下面所提供的信息写一封感谢信。

假如你叫王婷，曾在英语角结识一位美国教师Mr Brown。

由于他的帮助，你的英语提高很快。

你写信向他表示感谢，并希望保持联系，继续获得他的帮助。

词数：80左右。

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参考答案
10．A 提示：得那么多钱，发财了，一激动，把球“错过”了。

三、1．F 提示：文中未提及拴在房后。

2．T 提示：由第一段知。

3．F 提示：她不知道。

4．F 提示：她告诉了丈夫发生的事。

5．F 提示：他们当天没找到。

6．F 提示：文中没有这样的内容。

7～10 T T T T
1l．D 提示：由第二段的第四句知。

12．A 提示：宇航员翟志刚没有到过太空。

13．C 提示：费俊龙从17岁参军以来仅回家6次。

14．D 提示：本文提到的人物有：Fei Junlong，Nie Haisheng以及他们的妻子、孩子，再加上Zhai Zhigang与Yang Liwei，共8个人。

15．B 提示：聂海胜有一个11岁的女儿，与本文内容相符。

四、1．suggestions 2．spent 3．umbrella 4．stamps 5．listening 6．company
7．opposite 8．review 9．bought 10．European 11．swimming
12．visitors，visiting 13．writing 14．playing 15．Making／To make
16．to read 17．has gone 18．natural 19．don’t work 20．sandy
五、1．took，to 2．too，to 3．How long has 4．aren’t you 5．If you
六、1．got along 2．makes 3．look through 4．cross 5．help with 6．waiting in line
7．had a good time 8．are good at 9．at least 10．came along
七、1．Tell，about 2．part of 3．friendly to 4．know some
5．had a great time 6．can’t go 7．happy to have 8．think of
八、1．showing，hard time finding，meeting，good at，isn’t he，with，like，easier
2．Thank you，enjoyed，had，sorry，having
九、Two possible versions：
A
Good evening! Ladies and gentlemen，
Welcome to our class and welcome to our evening party．
First of all，let me say a few words about our class．There are 60 students in our class，
32 of us are boys and the others are girls．Most of us like English very much and study
hard at it．In our free time we often read English books，newspapers and magazines．Sometimes we learn English on the radio and sometimes on TV
This evening you will enjoy some short plays，songs，dances and so on by our classmates．
I hope you will like these programs and have a good time．
Thank you．
B
Dear Mr Brown，
I still remember that morning I met you at the English Corner in my city．Thank you
very much for your help．You were so kind to me．I’m very thankful for your advice on how to improve English．I followed what you said to me，and it has worked fine．Till now I have made great progress in English．And I’ve made up my mind to learn it well．This is my first letter in English．I’m not sure if there are any mistakes in it．But
I do hope you’ll write to me soon．
Yours，
Wang Ting。