ESP汽车英语中英对照Unit4passageA高等教育出版社
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disengaged. disconnect 拆开，分离；clashing 猛撞，冲突；Slippage 滑动 摩擦离合器被用来将发动机连到（或断开）标准变速箱从而往变
速箱可以不发生换档冲击的情况下很容易地实现变档。离合器的 滑移允许在接合于断开时实现平滑的操作。
When a clutch is engaged, the driven plate is squeezed between the flywheel and a pressure plate assembly that is bolted to the flywheel. Since the input shaft of the transmission is splined to the hub of the driven plate, the engaging of the clutch provides a direct mechanical connection between the engine and the transmission.
squeezed 压榨，挤； splined 花键，用花键联接
当离合器处于接合状态，从动片被飞轮和一个被装配到飞轮上的 压板总成压挤。因为变速箱的输入轴被是以花键连接到从动片的 轮毂上，离合器的接合提供发动机和变速箱之间的直接机械连结。
Transmissions
An engine develops a specific amount of torque at a given rpm point on its torque-brake horsepower curve. At low speeds, the torque is low. As the speed of the engine increases, the torque also increases, and it reaches a peak and begins to taper off before the maximum speed is reached.
synchronizers 同步器；facilitate 使容易；brass 黄铜；springs 弹簧，发条； sleeve 跳，使跳跃； beveled 成斜角；similarly 同样地
用同步器可以使得换挡更容易。他们允许较快的换档，减少换档 冲击，而且允许在盈动的情况下减档。同步器有两个外部带齿的 闭合铜环，2个嵌入弹簧，3个衬套，1个特别的外部带齿的轮毂， 和1个其内齿与轮毂的外齿相啮合的套筒。每个闭合铜环都有锥 面并与输出轴齿轮上的类似的锥面相连。
当变速器的输出转矩增加，最高速度就会下降。倒档也是同样。 举例来说，在标准变速箱的一档转矩输出的增加造成它的最高转 速要比三档低
The Clutch
A friction clutch is used to connect an engine to, and disconnect it from, a standard transmission so that the gears in the transmission can be shifted easily without clashing. Slippage in the clutch permits smooth operation when it is engaged or
ESP汽车英语中英对照Unit4pass
Gear ratio. In a specific transmission gear range, the torque of an automobile driveshaft and speed of the automobile depend on the torque and speed of the engine and on the gear ratios of the transmission and differential. The principles of speed and torque are well illustrated by the design of a gearset. For example, if a larger gear having a radius of 6 inches is meshed with a smaller gear of a 3-inch radius, the gear ratio is two to one (2:1). Since the larger gear has the same number of teeth per inch of gear circumference, it has twice as many teeth as the smaller gear. Therefore, the gear ratio of a pair of gears can be found by measuring the radius of each gear or by counting the number of teeth on each gear.
The Driveshaft
The driveshaft of an automobile is designed to transmit torque from the transmission to the differential. When the rear wheels of a vehicle strike a bump, the wheels and the differential housing are pushed up. Since the engine and transmission are bolted more or less firmly in place, the angle through which the driveshaft operates must change in order to avoid damage to the shaft. Universaf joints, which allow the driveshaft to work at all angles, provide the necessary protection.
strike 撞击，冲击，打击 汽车传动轴被设计用来传输从变速箱到差速器的扭矩。当车辆的
后车轮遭受冲击，车轮差速器壳被向上推。由于发动机和变速在 适当地位置上被或多或少紧固住，传动轴的角度必须能够改变以 防止传动轴被损坏。可以允许传动轴在任何角度范围内工作的万 向节提供了必需的保护。
Both standard and constant-velocity universal joints are used. Standard universal joints are employed at the front and rear of one-piece driveshafts, while constant-vefocity universal joints are used in the middle and at the front and/or rear of two~Diece driveshafts. A constant-velocity universal joint consists of two standard joints connected by a special link yoke.
gearset 齿轮组；radius 半径；meshed 啮和； circumference 圆周，周围
齿轮传动比，在限'定的变速箱齿轮范围，汽车传动轴的扭矩和汽车 的速度依赖于发动机的扭矩和转速以及变速籀和差速器的齿轮传动 比。速度和扭矩原理可以很好地以齿轮组的设计说明。举例来说如 果一个较大的6英寸半径的齿轮与一个较小的3英寸半径的齿轮一起 啮合，那么齿轮传动比是二比一（2:1）。较大的齿轮在圆周上每 一寸都具有相同齿数，但两倍于较小齿轮的齿数。因此，一对齿轮 的传动比可以由测量每个齿轮的半径或计算每个齿轮上的齿数来确 定。
yoke轭，轭状的
实际中，标准万向节和等速万向节都有应用。标准万向节在一体 式传动轴前端和后端都要采用，而等速万向节被用于组合式传动 轴的中央和二体式传动轴的前端和后端，或任意一端。1个等速 万向节由1个特别连杆叉和2个标准的连接体组成。
peak 顶点，最高峰，最高的
发动机在其制动扭功率曲线上的给定的转速点发出一定量的扭矩。 在低速时，扭矩较低。随着发动机速度的增高，扭矩也在增加， 而且当达到峰值后它将开始逐渐变小（达到最高速度之前）。
A three-speed standard synchromesh transmission is designed to develop great torque in fow gear in order to accelerate a vehicle quickly. However, the fow gear top speed is low. When the transmission is shift into second gear, greater speed and less torque are produced. In the third gear (direct drive), refatively fittle torque is produced at low speeds, but maximum engine speed is obtainab器的三速速箱被设用来在低档时提高转矩来尽快的 加速车辆。然而，低档时最高转速较低。当变速箱被换为二档时 可以得到较高的转速和较低的扭矩。在三档（直接传动）时，在 低转速得到相对较小的扭矩，但是可以获得发动机的最大转速。
Synchronizers are used to facilitate gear-shifting. They allow quicker shifts, reduce gear clashing, and permit downshifts while movting. Synchronizer has two brass blocking rings with teeth on their outer faces, two insert springs, three inserts, a special hub with teeth on its outer face, and a sleeve with internal teeth that mesh with the external teeth of the hub. The inside of each blocking ring has a beveled surface that slides against a similarly shaped surface on an output shaft gear.
Whenever the power output of a gear train is increased, the top speed is decreased. The reverse is also true. For example, the increased power output in the first gear range of a standard transmission results in a much lower top output shaft speed than is the case in the third gear range.
速箱可以不发生换档冲击的情况下很容易地实现变档。离合器的 滑移允许在接合于断开时实现平滑的操作。
When a clutch is engaged, the driven plate is squeezed between the flywheel and a pressure plate assembly that is bolted to the flywheel. Since the input shaft of the transmission is splined to the hub of the driven plate, the engaging of the clutch provides a direct mechanical connection between the engine and the transmission.
squeezed 压榨，挤； splined 花键，用花键联接
当离合器处于接合状态，从动片被飞轮和一个被装配到飞轮上的 压板总成压挤。因为变速箱的输入轴被是以花键连接到从动片的 轮毂上，离合器的接合提供发动机和变速箱之间的直接机械连结。
Transmissions
An engine develops a specific amount of torque at a given rpm point on its torque-brake horsepower curve. At low speeds, the torque is low. As the speed of the engine increases, the torque also increases, and it reaches a peak and begins to taper off before the maximum speed is reached.
synchronizers 同步器；facilitate 使容易；brass 黄铜；springs 弹簧，发条； sleeve 跳，使跳跃； beveled 成斜角；similarly 同样地
用同步器可以使得换挡更容易。他们允许较快的换档，减少换档 冲击，而且允许在盈动的情况下减档。同步器有两个外部带齿的 闭合铜环，2个嵌入弹簧，3个衬套，1个特别的外部带齿的轮毂， 和1个其内齿与轮毂的外齿相啮合的套筒。每个闭合铜环都有锥 面并与输出轴齿轮上的类似的锥面相连。
当变速器的输出转矩增加，最高速度就会下降。倒档也是同样。 举例来说，在标准变速箱的一档转矩输出的增加造成它的最高转 速要比三档低
The Clutch
A friction clutch is used to connect an engine to, and disconnect it from, a standard transmission so that the gears in the transmission can be shifted easily without clashing. Slippage in the clutch permits smooth operation when it is engaged or
ESP汽车英语中英对照Unit4pass
Gear ratio. In a specific transmission gear range, the torque of an automobile driveshaft and speed of the automobile depend on the torque and speed of the engine and on the gear ratios of the transmission and differential. The principles of speed and torque are well illustrated by the design of a gearset. For example, if a larger gear having a radius of 6 inches is meshed with a smaller gear of a 3-inch radius, the gear ratio is two to one (2:1). Since the larger gear has the same number of teeth per inch of gear circumference, it has twice as many teeth as the smaller gear. Therefore, the gear ratio of a pair of gears can be found by measuring the radius of each gear or by counting the number of teeth on each gear.
The Driveshaft
The driveshaft of an automobile is designed to transmit torque from the transmission to the differential. When the rear wheels of a vehicle strike a bump, the wheels and the differential housing are pushed up. Since the engine and transmission are bolted more or less firmly in place, the angle through which the driveshaft operates must change in order to avoid damage to the shaft. Universaf joints, which allow the driveshaft to work at all angles, provide the necessary protection.
strike 撞击，冲击，打击 汽车传动轴被设计用来传输从变速箱到差速器的扭矩。当车辆的
后车轮遭受冲击，车轮差速器壳被向上推。由于发动机和变速在 适当地位置上被或多或少紧固住，传动轴的角度必须能够改变以 防止传动轴被损坏。可以允许传动轴在任何角度范围内工作的万 向节提供了必需的保护。
Both standard and constant-velocity universal joints are used. Standard universal joints are employed at the front and rear of one-piece driveshafts, while constant-vefocity universal joints are used in the middle and at the front and/or rear of two~Diece driveshafts. A constant-velocity universal joint consists of two standard joints connected by a special link yoke.
gearset 齿轮组；radius 半径；meshed 啮和； circumference 圆周，周围
齿轮传动比，在限'定的变速箱齿轮范围，汽车传动轴的扭矩和汽车 的速度依赖于发动机的扭矩和转速以及变速籀和差速器的齿轮传动 比。速度和扭矩原理可以很好地以齿轮组的设计说明。举例来说如 果一个较大的6英寸半径的齿轮与一个较小的3英寸半径的齿轮一起 啮合，那么齿轮传动比是二比一（2:1）。较大的齿轮在圆周上每 一寸都具有相同齿数，但两倍于较小齿轮的齿数。因此，一对齿轮 的传动比可以由测量每个齿轮的半径或计算每个齿轮上的齿数来确 定。
yoke轭，轭状的
实际中，标准万向节和等速万向节都有应用。标准万向节在一体 式传动轴前端和后端都要采用，而等速万向节被用于组合式传动 轴的中央和二体式传动轴的前端和后端，或任意一端。1个等速 万向节由1个特别连杆叉和2个标准的连接体组成。
peak 顶点，最高峰，最高的
发动机在其制动扭功率曲线上的给定的转速点发出一定量的扭矩。 在低速时，扭矩较低。随着发动机速度的增高，扭矩也在增加， 而且当达到峰值后它将开始逐渐变小（达到最高速度之前）。
A three-speed standard synchromesh transmission is designed to develop great torque in fow gear in order to accelerate a vehicle quickly. However, the fow gear top speed is low. When the transmission is shift into second gear, greater speed and less torque are produced. In the third gear (direct drive), refatively fittle torque is produced at low speeds, but maximum engine speed is obtainab器的三速速箱被设用来在低档时提高转矩来尽快的 加速车辆。然而，低档时最高转速较低。当变速箱被换为二档时 可以得到较高的转速和较低的扭矩。在三档（直接传动）时，在 低转速得到相对较小的扭矩，但是可以获得发动机的最大转速。
Synchronizers are used to facilitate gear-shifting. They allow quicker shifts, reduce gear clashing, and permit downshifts while movting. Synchronizer has two brass blocking rings with teeth on their outer faces, two insert springs, three inserts, a special hub with teeth on its outer face, and a sleeve with internal teeth that mesh with the external teeth of the hub. The inside of each blocking ring has a beveled surface that slides against a similarly shaped surface on an output shaft gear.
Whenever the power output of a gear train is increased, the top speed is decreased. The reverse is also true. For example, the increased power output in the first gear range of a standard transmission results in a much lower top output shaft speed than is the case in the third gear range.