高三英语 阅读理解专项训练测试试题及解析

高三英语阅读理解专项训练测试试题及解析
一、高考英语阅读理解专项训练
1．阅读理解
DNA analysis has revealed family relationships between more than 10 generations of Stone Age people at megalithic (巨石的) tombs in Ireland and Sweden.
The evidence suggests that megaliths, prehistoric large stone structures, sometimes acted as graves for family groups in northwestern Europe thousands of years ago. The latest findings throw new light on the origins and social structure of the groups that built megaliths in this region—a history that has long been hidden in mystery.
For their study, the international team of researchers analyzed the genomes—the complete set of genetic material in a cell—of 24 Stone Age individuals from five megalithic burial sites in Ireland, Scotland and Gotland, a large Swedish island in the Baltic Sea.
This analysis showed that many of the individuals buried at each megalith, who all lived between 3,800 B.C. and 2,600 B.C., according to radiocarbon-dating of their remains, were closely related via family ties.
The results also showed that the individuals buried at the megaliths were related to Neolithic farmers in northern and western Europe but genetically distinct from other hunter-gatherers. This was particularly noticeable at the Ansarve site on the island of Gotland.
"The people buried in the Ansarve tomb are remarkably different on a genetic level compared to the individuals dug out from hunter-gather contexts, showing that the burial tradition in this megalithic tomb, which lasted for over 700 years, was performed by distinct groups with roots in the European Neolithic expansion," Magdalena Fraser, co-first author from Uppsala University, said in the statement.
（1）What's the significance of the new findings?
A. It reveals the family ties between people in Ireland and Sweden.
B. It implies that many people buried in the tombs were closely related.
C. It indicates the long-hidden mystery concerning DNA analysis.
D. It suggests that the megaliths became tombs thousands of years ago.
（2）How did the researchers reach their findings?
A.By interviewing individuals.
B.By travelling to different regions.
C.By analyzing genes.
D.By studying the burial sites.
（3）Which is true according to the latest findings?
A.Some people buried in the tombs were related to farmers.
B.Few people buried in the tombs were genetically different.
C.All the people buried at megaliths had family relationships.
D.People buried in the Ansarve tomb were dug out 700 years later.
（4）What's the main idea of this passage?
A.Megaliths served as tombs thousands of years ago.
B.People buried at the megaliths were recently analyzed.
test findings shed light on a mystery about burials.
D.Stone-Age people in Ireland and Sweden had close ties.
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）A
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，最新一项发现显示石器时代的爱尔兰人和瑞典人可能存在亲属关系。

研究人员通过分析来自爱尔兰、苏格兰和位于波罗的海的瑞典格特兰岛的5个巨石墓葬遗址的24个石器时代个体的基因组。

发现，每座巨石下埋葬着许多人，他们都生活在公元前3800年至公元前2600年之间根据他们遗体的放射性碳年代测定，他们的血缘关系非常密切。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“DNA analysis has revealed family relationships between more than 10 generations of Stone Age people at megalithic (巨石的) tombs in Ireland and Sweden.”可知DNA分析揭示了爱尔兰和瑞典巨石墓群10多代人之间存在家庭关系。

这项新发现意味着埋葬在坟墓里的许多人是近亲。

故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“For their study, the international team of researchers analyzed the genomes”可知研究人员是通过分析基因组得出这项发现的，故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第五段中的“The results also showed that the individuals buried at the megaliths were related to Neolithic farmers in northern and western Europe”可知埋葬在巨石阵中的人与北欧和西欧的新石器时代农民有关，故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据第一段中的“DNA analysis has revealed family relationships between more than 10 generations of Stone Age people at megalithic (巨石的) tombs in Ireland and Sweden.”以及文章主要内容可知文章中心内容主要围绕着石器时代的爱尔兰人和瑞典人有密切联系展开。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解
In 1953, a mountain climber reported seeing a bar-headed goose soar over the peak of Mount Everest (珠穆朗玛). It was thought impossible. Now researchers who raised 19 of the geese—named for the black stripes on the backs of their heads—have shown the birds really fly so high. The team trained the youngsters to fly in a large wind tunnel wearing backpacks and face masks full of sensors that recorded their heart rate. blood oxygen levels, temperature, and metabolic rate—how many calories they burned per hour. The researchers simulated(模拟)10w-, medium-, and high-altitude conditions by altering the concentration of oxygen supplied to face masks worn by each goose as it flew in the tunnel.
Birds already have a better heart and lungs than mammals for sustained physical activity. And researchers knew that bar-headed geese have even larger, thinner lungs that let them breathe more deeply and an even bigger heart to pump more oxygen to muscles than other birds.
The wind tunnel experiments showed that when the concentration of oxygen was at its lowest-
like the 7% found on top of Mount Everest versus 21% at sea level—the geese's heart rate and frequency of wing beats remained the same even as their metabolic rate dropped. Somehow, the birds managed to cool down their blood-the measured blood temperature dropped so it could take in more oxygen, the researchers report today in eLife. This cooling likely helps compensate for the very thin air, the team says.
Although well trained, the birds were only willing to stay in the air a few minutes-or less when wearing their backpacks and flying at 6ihigh" altitudes. So it's not clear whether these adaptations alone are what make it possible to fly the 8 hours it takes to climb over Mount Everest. But those few minutes showed these geese really could fly over the top of Mount Everest.（1）Why did the researchers raise 19 bar-headed geese and train them?
A. To test the flying height and speed of them.
B. To confirm they could fly over Mount Everest.
C. To observe them flying through the wind tunnel.
D. To see how many calories they burned per hour.
（2）What can we learn from the wind tunnel experiment?
A. It was carried out at very high altitude.
B. The geese managed to breathe less when their blood decreased.
C. The geese could live through the lowest concentration of oxygen.
D. It shows the geese could fly at high altitude for long.
（3）What still puzzles scientists about the geese?
A. Whether they have super hearts and lungs.
B. Whether they have muscles pumped more oxygen to.
C. Whether they are willing to wear backpacks and face masks.
D. Whether they can manage to fly 8 hours to climb over Mount Everest.
（4）Where does the text most probably come from?
A. A science fiction.
B. A climbing guide.
C. A travel brochure.
D. A science report.
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）D
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，登山者报告说看到一只长颈鹅翱翔在珠穆朗玛峰的顶峰，为了确认其真实性，研究人员养了18只这种鹅，在大型风洞中训练它们飞行。

结果发现这种鹅可以在氧气极低的情况下飞行，但停留时间只有几分钟，因此能否飞过珠峰尚不明确。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的"In 1953, a mountain climber reported seeing a bar-headed goose soar over the peak of Mount Everest. It was thought impossible." 报道说，一名登山者看到一只斑头鹅飞过珠穆朗玛峰。

人们认为这是不可能的；以及" Now researchers who raised 19 of the geese-named for the black stripes on the backs of their heads-have shown the birds really fly so high."现在研究人员饲养了这种鹅，他们发现这些鹅真的飞得很高。

再根据最后一段中的"So it's not clear whether these adaptations alone are what make it possible to fly the 8 hours it takes to climb over Mount Everest. But those few minutes showed these geese
really could fly over the top of Mount Everest."但是否能让这种鹅飞8小时爬上珠穆朗玛峰尚不清楚。

由此可推断出研究人员饲养这种鹅是为了证实这种鹅是否能飞过珠峰。

故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的"The wind tunnel experiments showed that when the concentration of oxygen ...the geese's heart rate and frequency of wing beats remained the same even as their metabolic rate dropped....the researchers report today in elife. This cooling likely helps comp"可知风洞实验表明，当氧气浓度最低时，鹅的心率和翅膀搏动频率保持不变，即使它们的新陈代谢率下降。

研究人员今天在《伊利费》杂志上报道说，...这种降温可能有助于补偿空气的稀薄；第五段中的"Although well trained, the birds were only willing to stay in the air a few minutes-or less ..." 尽管训练有素，但这些鸟只愿意在空中呆上几分钟。

这两处综合推断出，鹅可以在最低浓度的氧气中生存。

故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的"So it's not clear whether these adaptations alone are what make it possible to fly the 8 hours it takes to climb over Mount Everest." 可知，目前尚不清楚的是，只有这些适应性变化能否可以飞行8小时爬上珠穆朗玛峰。

故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。

第一段中提到登山者报告说看到一只长颈鹅翱翔在珠穆朗玛峰的顶峰。

为了证实是否可能，研究人员养了18只这种鹅，并在大型风洞中训练它们飞行。

结果发现这种鹅可以在氧气极低的情况下飞行，但停留时间只有几分钟，因此能否飞过珠峰尚不明确。

由此可知本文属于科普文章。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生根据上下文进行分逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解
"What kind of rubbish are you?" This question might normally cause anger, but in Shanghai it was brought about weary complaints over the past few months. On July 1st, the city introduced strict rubbish-sorting regulations that are expected to be used as a model for our country. Citizens must divide their waste into four separate categories and put it into specific public bins. They must do so at scheduled times, when monitors are present to ensure that rules are obeyed and to examine the nature of one's rubbish.
Violators could be hit with fines of up to 200 yuan ($29). For repeat violators, the city can add black marks to their credit records, making it harder for them to obtain hank loans or even buy train tickets.
Shanghai authorities are responding to obvious environmental problem. It produces 9 million tons of garbage a year. But like other cities in china, it lacks a recycling system. Instead, it has relied on rubbish pickers to pick out whatever can be reused. This has limits. As people get wealthier, fewer of them want to do such dirty work. The waste, meanwhile, just keeps piling up. China produces 80 billion pairs of one-off chopsticks a year.
Many citizens appear to support the idea of recycling in general but are frustrated by the details. Rubbish must be divided according to whether it is food, recyclable, dry or hazardous(有害的), the distinctions among which can be confusing, though there are apps to help work it out. Some have complained about the rules surrounding food waste. They must put it straight in the required public bin, forcing them to tear open plastic bags and toss(投掷）it by hand, Most
annoying are the short periods for throwing trash, typically a couple of hours, morning and evening. Along with the monitors at the bins, this means that people go at around the same time and can keep an eye on what is being thrown out; no one wants to look bad.
（1）What's the purpose of Paragraph 1?
A. To complain about rubbish dividing.
B. To explain the four categories of the waste.
C. To introduce the rules on waste sorting.
D. To show the goal of rubbish, sorting regulations.
（2）What does the underlined word "Violators" in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. People who don't pay for train tickets.
B. People who argue with the monitors.
C. People who obtain bank loans.
D. People who are against the regulations.
（3）What makes the citizens upset most about the rules?
A. Complex distinction among the four categories of rubbish.
B. Short scheduled time for tossing rubbish.
C. Being observed by monitors when throwing the garbage.
D. Being fined when blamed due to improper behavior.
（4）What can be the best title for the text?
A. A Restart of Waste-sorting
B. A New Age of Garbage Classification
C. Learning to Classify Rubbish
D. Rubbish-sorting Benefits the World
【答案】（1）C
（2）D
（3）B
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了7月1日上海市出台的垃圾分类规定，有望成为我国的一个典范。

文章说明了垃圾分类规定的部分内容以及违反者将面临的处罚，这项政策出台的原因是上海日益增多的垃圾，以及居民们对此政策的看法和态度。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“Citizens m ust divide their waste into four separate categories and put it into specific public bins. They must do so at scheduled times, when monitors are present to ensure that rules are obeyed and to examine the nature of one's rubbish.”市民必须将垃圾分为四类，并将其放入特定的公共垃圾箱。

他们必须在规定的时间这样做，当监督员在场时，以确保规则得到遵守，并检查垃圾的性质。

可知主要是在说明垃圾分类的相关规定，故第一段的目的是介绍垃圾分类的规则。

故选C。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第二段中的“They could be hit with fines of up to 200 yuan ($29).”他们将面临最高200元(29美元)的罚款。

可推测他们此处指违反垃圾分类规定的人们，故划线单词意思为“违反规定的人”，故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“Most upset are the short windows for throwing trash, typically a couple of hours, morning and evening.”最让人心烦的是扔垃圾的短暂开放期，通常是早上和晚上的几个小时，可知，扔垃圾的时间很短让居民对这些规定最不满。

故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据第一段中的“On July 1st, the city introduced strict trash-sorting
regulations that are expected to be used as a model for our country. Residents must divide their waste into four separate kinds and put it into specific public bins. They must do so at scheduled times, when monitors are present to ensure compliance and to inquire into the nature of one's rubbish.”7月1日，该市出台了严格的垃圾分类规定，有望成为我国的一个典范。

居民必须将他们的垃圾分成四类，并将其放入特定的公共垃圾箱。

他们必须在规定的时间这样做，当监督员在场时，以确保遵守和调查一个人的垃圾的性质）以及文章主要内容围绕着上海垃圾分类规定标志着一个垃圾分类的新时代的开始而展开，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解
Bright Side did some research on many places throughout the world where you can buy a house for 1 dollar or for free!
Roubaix, France
If you like France, Roubaix located in the north of France is just for you. The local authorities want it to be populated and attractive. You can buy a small house in the industrial district for just $1. The buyer is supposed to live in this house for 3 years.
Buffalo. USA
Buffalo offers whoever qualifies to buy a house for $1. All you need is to be a lawful citizen of the city and invest amount of money into its decoration. Doing this, the authorities are hoping to make the city beautiful again without spending money.
Liverpool, Great Britain
In Liverpool, most of houses were abandoned (遗弃)by the working class during the years of unemployment. The government is trying to sell the houses for just $1. If you want to buy such a house, it has to be your first deal on buying property(房产).
Candela, Italy
If you still have any doubts about spending $1 on a house, you should know: the government will pay you some money, if you move to Candela. In order to be paid, you need to become a permanent(永久的)citizen and have an income of $7500 per year. If moving alone, you will get $800, and if you are going with your family, the pay can be four times as much as only one person. For more information of other cities, please Click Here.
（1）Why do the authorities of Buffalo provide a house for people with 1$?
A. To improve the lives of poor people.
B. To make the city attractive at no cost.
C. To solve the problems of employment.
D. To attract people to the industrial areas.
（2）What is required to buy a house for 1 dollar in Liverpool?
A.You need to be an unemployed citizen.
B.You should live in the house for 3 years.
C.It must be your first house purchase.
D.You have to repair and decorate the house.
（3）How much money can you get if moving to Candela with a whole family?
A.$3200
B.$9600
C.$800
D.$7500
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，Bright Side在全世界很多地方做了一些研究，介绍了在哪些地方可以用1美元买房子或者免费得到房子。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“Doing this, the authorities are hoping to make the city beautiful again without spending money.”可知当地政府这样做是希望不用花钱就能让这座城市再次变得美丽，也就是说让这座城市变得更具有吸引力，故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的“If you want to buy such a house, it has to be your first deal on buying property（房产）",可知如果你想买这样的房子，它必须是你的第一套不动产，所以要在Liverpool花1美元买房，必须是你第一次买房，故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的”If moving alone, you will get $800, and if you are going with y our family, the pay can be four times as much as only one person.“一个人搬去会得800美元，全家一起去得到的钱是一个人的四倍，也就是800的四倍3200，所以全家人搬去Candela会得到3200美元。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解
Scientists at the University of Oxford have developed new artificial intelligence(AI) software to recognize and follow up the faces of chimpanzees(黑猩猩)in the wild. The new software will allow researchers and wildlife conservationists to significantly cut back on time spent analyzing videos, according to the new paper published in Science Advances.
For species(物种)like chimpanzees which have complex social lives and live for many years, getting photos of their behavior taken from short-term field research can only tell us so much," says Dan Schofield, researcher and DPhil student at Oxford University's Private Models Lab, School of Anthropology. "By taking advantage of the power of machine learning to unlock large video files, it makes it possible to measure behavior over the long term."
The computer model was trained using over 10 million images(影像):from Kyoto University s Primate Research Institute(PRI) video files of wild chimpanzees in Guinea, West Africa. The new software is the first to continuously track and recognize individual a wide range of poses, performing with high accuracy in difficult conditions such as low lighting and poor image quality. "Access to this large video file has allowed us to use deep neural networks to train models to a degree that was previously not possible," says Arsha Nagrad, co-auther of the study and DPhil student at the Department of Engineer Science, University of Oxford." Additionally, our new software differs from previous primate face recognition software in that it can be applied to
videos with limited manual intervention(人工干预), saving hours of time."
The technology can be potentially used to monitor species for conservation Although the present application focuses on chimpanzees, the AI software provided will be applied to other species, and help drive the adoption of AI systems to solve(解决)a range of problems in the wildlife sciences.
（1）What is the purpose of developing the new soft?
A.To save wildlife researchers' time spent in the labs.
B.To keep track of wildlife conservationists' behaviors.
C.To protect chimpanzees and help them to live longer.
D.To recognize and track the faces of wild chimpanzees.
（2）What does the underlined word "it" in paragraph 2 refer to?
A.Getting photos.
B.Analyzing videos.
C.A powerful machine
D.The new AI software.
（3）What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about?
A.The working principle of the new software.
B.Some limitations of using the new software.
C.The unique advantages of the new software.
D.Controversial attitudes to the new software.
（4）What can be known from the last paragraph?
A.Technology advance is the final goal of science
B.The new software won't just be applied to chimpanzees.
C.AI systems are widely used in the wildlife sciences.
D.The application of the new technology isn't easy.
【答案】（1）D
（2）D
（3）C
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种新的人工智能软件，这种软件可以识别和追踪黑猩猩的面孔,大大节省了研究者和野生动物保护者的时间，而且它还可以应用到其他的物种研究。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的”Scientists at the University of Oxford have developed new artificial intelligence(AI) software to recognize and follow up the faces of chimpanzees(黑猩猩)in the wild. ”可知，新软件的开发是为了识别和追踪野外黑猩猩的面孔。

故选D。

（2）考查代词指代。

根据第一段的叙述及第二段中的“By taking advantage of the power of machine learning to unlock large video files…”可推断it指代第一段中提到的新的人工智能软件。

故选D。

（3）考查段落大意。

根据第四段的叙述可知，本段主要介绍了新软件与其他软件相比所具有的独特的优势。

故选C。

（4）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“The technology can be potentially used to monitor species for conservation Although the present application focuses on chimpanzees, the AI software provided will be applied to other species. 可知，新的软件不仅被用在黑猩猩身上，它还将被用于其他物种。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，代词指代和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解
Hipster Greenport: 4 places to eat, shop and visit
Greenport may date back to the 1630s, but it's feeling pretty of-the-moment right now. Here are four places that embody the old-meets-new energy of the village:
Claudio's
If you've been to Greenport, you can't miss Claudio's —it's where generations of Long Islanders have made a tradition of eating, whether inside the main restaurant or at the floating dock-bar. The new owners have added fresh elements: Baccano Pizza by Nino, which offers a variety of slices and pies until as late as 2 a.m. on Fridays and Saturdays — is right by the dock entrance.
Little Creek Oyster Farm & Market
It's little spots like this that tell the current Greenport story. There's no sign or advertising for this tiny house changed from the cabin of an old ship that's practically hidden down Bootlegger's Alley near Mitchell Park. But there they are — streams of people who come to enjoy the fresh oysters while drinking local craft beer, with a waterside view.
The Times Vintage
Nostalgia (怀旧) for bygone times runs high in this 1909 building, which once served as the base for the Suffolk Times newspaper. These days, this well-designed shop sells vinyl records (黑胶唱片) and loads of old-fashioned clothing and home decoration items including mid-century highball sets.
Greenport Fire
Heat comes in many forms and several are sold here — hot sauces, cigars and candles. Consult the chalkboard for the current sauce offerings or browse cigars such as a hand-rolled Honduran Leaf by Oscar or the Gurkha Cellar Reserve made with 18-year-aged tobacco.
（1）What's special about Greenport?
A. It is a place full of energy.
B. It is a famous port in the world.
C. It is a combination of new and old.
D. It is a popular place of interest.
（2）What can you do in The Times Vintage?
A. You can enjoy delicious oysters.
B. You can buy some old things.
C. You can find hand-rolled cigars.
D. You can have Baccano Pizza.
（3）If you are a smoker, you may be interested in _________.
A. Claudio's
B. Little Creek Oyster
C. Greenport Fire
D. The Times Vintage 【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了绿港（Greenport）这个村庄里能体现新旧融合的四个地方。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“…but it's feeling pretty of-the-moment right now. Here are four places that embody the old-meets-new energy of the village…”但现在感觉很时髦。

这里有四个地方体现了这个村庄新旧活力的融合。

可知，绿港融合了新旧事物。

故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的“These days, thi s well-designed shop sells vinyl records (黑胶唱片) and loads of old-fashioned clothing and home decoration items including mid-century highball sets. ”如今，这家精心设计的商店出售黑胶唱片、大量的老式服装和家居装饰用品，包括20世纪中期的highball电视机。

可知，在The Times Vintage能买到一些老式的东西。

故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中“...and several are sold here —hot sauces, cigars and candles. ”其中有几种在这里出售——辣酱、雪茄和蜡烛。

可知，喜欢抽烟的人应该对Greenport Fire感兴趣。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读。

考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解
China and India are leaders in improving global(全球的) tree cover, a new study based on NASA research showed.
They took a 31.8% part together of the total global new leaf area between 2000 and 2017. China played a major role, adding 25% to this increase, and India added 6.8%, followed by Canada and Russia. The study in the Nature Sustainability journal shows that more than 5.5 million square kilometers of green leaf area was added globally. Since 2000, there has been a five-percent increase in global green cover, it said.
"The greening over the last twenty years shows an increase in leaf area on plants and trees which is as large as the area of the entire Amazon rainforest," Chi Chen, a Boston University researcher and lead of the study told Nature Sustainability. Large plantation activities to protect forests in China contributed nearly 42% to the country's green cover, and agriculture added another 32%. In India, 82% of the increase in leaf area was because of agriculture.
"China and India take up one-third of the greening, but hold only nine percent of the planet's land area covered in green plants," Chi Chen told NASA Earth Observatory. "That is a surprising finding, considering the land degradation(退化) in countries with large populations."
Boston University's research team first detected an increase in global green cover in the 1990s but were unsure about what contributed to the increase. Finally, with the help of NASA's Terra and Aqua satellites research, they managed to find out the increase in leaf cover from different areas and places.
（1）Which country increased the largest part of the new leaf area?
A. India
B. China
C. Canada
D. Russia
（2）For what purpose did the author mention the Amazon rainforest?
A. To show how great the achievement was.
B. To show the importance of rainforest.
C. To explain what difficulties we have now.
D. To explain the reason for increasing forests.（3）According to paragraph four, the following statements are true EXCEPT_______.
A. China and India have large populations and land degradation problem
B. about 9% of the planet's greening is in China and India
C. China and India are leading in the global green cover increase
D. the leaf cover area in China and India is still limited if viewed globally
【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，一项新研究显示，中国和印度在改善全球树木覆盖方面处于领先地位。

同时中国和印度占了地球绿化面积的三分之一，但却只占地球陆地面积的9%。

考虑到人口众多国家的土地退化，这是一个令人惊讶的发现。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“China played a major role, adding 25% to this increase, and India added 6.8%, followed by Canada and Ru ssia.”中国扮演了主要的角色，增加了25%，印度增加了6.8%，加拿大和俄罗斯紧随其后。

可知中国新增的森林面积最大。

故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的"‘The greening over the last twenty years shows an increase in leaf area on plants and trees which is as large as the area of the entire Amazon rainforest,’ Chi Chen, a Bost on University researcher and lead of the study told Nature Sustainability.“过去20年的绿化表明，植物和树木的叶子面积增加了，相当于整个亚马逊雨林的面积，"波士顿大学研究员、该研究的负责人陈驰告诉《自然·可持续性》杂志。

可知作者提到了亚马逊雨林，以表明这一成就是多么伟大。

故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的"‘China and India take up one-third of the greening, but hol d only nine percent of the planet's land area covered in green plants,’ Chi Chen told NASA Earth Observatory.”陈驰告诉美国国家航空航天局地球观测站:"中国和印度占了地球绿化面积的三分之一，但却只占地球陆地面积的9%。

"可知B选项"大约9%的地球绿化发生在中国和印度"错误，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解
The new social robots, including Jibo, Cozmo, Kuri and Meccano M.A.X., bear some resemblance to assistants like Apple's Siri, but these robots come with something more. They are designed to win us over not with their smarts but with their personality. They are sold as companions that do more than talk to us. Time magazine hailed (称赞) the robots that "could fundamentally reshape how we interact with machines." But is reshaping how we interact with machines a good thing, especially for children?
Some researchers in favor of the robots don't see a problem with this. People have relationships with many kinds of things. Some say robots are just another thing with which we
can have relationships. To support their argument, roboticists sometimes point to how children deal with toy dolls. Children animate (赋予…生命) dolls and turn them into imaginary friends. Jibo, in a sense, will be one more imaginary friend, and arguably a more intelligent and fun one.
Getting attached to dolls and sociable machines is different, though. Today's robots tell children that they have emotions, friendships, even dreams to share. In reality, the whole goal of the robots is emotional trickery. For instance, Cozmo the robot needs to be fed, repaired and played with. Boris Sofman, the chief executive of Anki, the company behind Cozmo, says that the idea is to create "a deeper and deeper emotional connection ... And if you neglect him, you feel the pain of that." What is the point of this, exactly? What does it mean to feel the pain of neglecting something that feels no pain at being neglected, or to feel anger at being neglected by something that doesn't even know it is neglecting you?
This should not be our only concern. It is troubling that these robots try to empathize with children. Empathy allows us to put ourselves in the place of others, to know what they are feeling. Robots, however, have no emotions to share, and they cannot put themselves in our place. No matter what robotic creatures "say" or squeak, they don't understand our emotional lives. They present themselves as empathy machines, but they are missing the essential equipment. They have not been born, they don't know pain, or death, or fear. Robot thinking may be thinking, but robot feeling is never feeling, and robot love is never love.
What is also troubling is that children take robots' behavior to indicate feelings. When the robots interact with them, children take this as evidence that the robots like them, and when robots don't work when needed, children also take it personally. Their relationships with the robots affect their self-esteem (自尊). In one study, an 8-year-old boy concluded that the robot stopped talking to him because the robot liked his brothers better.
For so long, we dreamed of artificial intelligence offering us not only simple help but conversation and care. Now that our dream is becoming real, it is time to deal with the emotional downside of living with robots that "feel."
（1）How are the new social robots different from Siri?
A. They are intended to teach children how to talk.
B. They are designed to attract people with their smarts.
C. Their main function is to evaluate children's personality.
D. They have a new way to communicate with human beings.
（2）In Paragraph 3 Cozmo is used as an example to show that the social robots ______.
A. are deeply connected with human beings
B. are unable to build a real relationship with children
C. are so advanced that they can feel the pain of human beings
D. are not good enough to carry out the instructions of children
（3）The underlined phrase "essential equipment" in Paragraph 4 refers to ______.
A. emotion
B. pain
C. fear
D. thinking
（4）Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?
I: Introduction P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: Conclusion。