定语从句详细讲解与习题

一．定语从句：
定语从句是一种在句子中起修饰作用的从句，用于修饰一个名词或代词，就像一个形容词一样，让这个名词或代词的信息更加具体。

1. 基本结构
---定语从句通常由关系代词（如who, whom, whose, which, that）或关系副词（如when, where, why）引导。

例如：
--- The book that/which I bought yesterday is very interesting.（我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。

）其中，“that/which I bought yesterday”是定语从句，修饰先行词“the book”，“that/which”引导词，在从句中作宾语，指代“the book”。

2. 关系代词的用法
--- who/whom：用于指人。

“who”在从句中做主语，“whom”作宾语。

---例如：The man who helped me is my teacher.（帮助我的那个人是我的老师。

）这里“who”在从句中做主语，不能省略；而在句子“The boy whom I met yesterday is my friend.”（我昨天遇到的那个男孩是我的朋友。

）中，“whom”作宾语，在口语中也可以用“who”来代替，并且可以省略。

--- whose：表示所属关系，意为“……的”，既可以指人也可以指物。

-例如：I know the girl whose mother is a doctor.（我认识那个女孩，她的妈妈是一名医生。

）“whose mother”在从句中做主语，修饰“the girl”；对于物，“The house whose windows are broken needs to be
repaired.”（窗户破了的那所房子需要修理。

）
--- which：用于指物，在从句中可以作主语或宾语。

---例如：The movie which we watched last night was really exciting.（我们昨晚看的电影真的很刺激。

）“which”在从句中作宾语，可省略；如果是作主语，如“The book which is on the table is mine.”（在桌子上的那本书是我的。

）则不能省略。

--- that：可以指人也可以指物，在从句中作主语或宾语。

---例如：The person that/ who I talked to just now is my boss.（我刚才和他/她交谈的那个人是我的老板。

）“that”作宾语可省略；“The building that stands there is very old.”（矗立在那儿的建筑物很旧。

）“that”做主语不能省略。

3. 关系副词的用法
---when：在定语从句中作时间状语，其先行词往往是表示时间的名词（如time, day, year等）。

---例如：I still remember the day when we first met.（我仍然记得我们第一次见面的那一天。

）“when”相当于“on which”，在从句中作时间状语。

--- where：在定语从句中作地点状语，先行词通常是表示地点的名词（如place, city, school等）。

---例如：This is the school where I studied for six years.（这就是我学习了六年的学校。

）“where”相当于“in which”，在从句中作地点状语。

--- why：在定语从句中作原因状语，先行词通常是“reason”。

---例如：The reason why he was late is that he missed the bus.（他迟到的原因是他错过了公共汽车。

）“why”相当于“for which”，在从句中作原因状语。

4. 注意事项
---从句的完整性：在判断使用关系代词还是关系副词时，要看从句是否完整。

如果从句缺少主语、宾语，就用关系代词；如果从句缺少状语，就用关系副词。

---例如：This is the place which/that I visited.（从句中“visited”缺少宾语，用关系代词）；This is the place where I lived.（从句“lived”是不及物动词，句子完整，需要用关系副词“where”来表示地点状语）。

---“that”和“which”的特殊情况：在先行词是不定代词（如all, everything, nothing等），或者先行词被最高级、序数词修饰时，关系代词通常用“that”。

---例如：All that you said is right.（你说的所有事情都是正确的。

）；This is the best movie that I have ever seen.（这是我看过的最好的电影。

）
重点总结：判断在具体句子中使用关系代词还是关系副词，关键在于分析定语从句中的句子成分。

以下是一些帮助快速判断定语从句中使用关系代词还是关系副词的口诀：
口诀一
“定从判断关系词，先看成分后先行。

主宾表定用代词，状语成分要认清。

时间用when地用where，原因要用why来引。

”
解释：首先看定语从句中缺少什么成分。

如果缺少主语、宾语、表语或者定语，就使用关系代词；如果缺少状语（如时间状语、地点状语、原因状语），就根据先行词来确定关系副词。

如果先行词是时间就用“when”，是地点就用“where”，是原因就用“why”。

口诀二
“代主代宾又代定，从句之中定功能。

时间地点和原因，关系副词来搞定。

when表时间where地，reason之后why要行。

”
这个口诀也是强调先确定关系词在从句中的功能。

关系代词主要用于指代，在从句中充当主语、宾语或定语；而对于时间、地点、原因相关的从句，需要用关系副词来引导，并且说明了“when”用于时间，“where”用于地点，“reason”作先行词表原因时用“why”。

二．关于限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
1. 定义与区别
---限制性定语从句：对先行词起限制、修饰的作用，是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语。

如果去掉，主句的意思就会不完整或失去意义。

例如：“The book that/which I bought yesterday is very interesting.”（我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。

）这里的定语从句“that/which I bought
yesterday”用来明确是哪一本书，若去掉，别人就不知道是哪本“book”了。

---非限制性定语从句：和主句的关系比较松散，它只是对先行词进行附加的说明，即使去掉，主句的意思依然完整。

例如：“My father, who is a doctor, works very hard.”（我的父亲是一名医生，他工作非常努力。

）“who is a doctor”这个从句只是对“my father”的补充信息，即使去掉，句子“My father works very hard.”意思仍然完整。

2.引导词的使用
---关系代词
---限制性定语从句：可以使用that（指人或物）、which（指物）、who （指人，做主语）、whom（指人，作宾语）、whose（表示所属关系，指人或物）。

例如：“The students who/that study hard will succeed.”（努力学习的学生将会成功。

）
---非限制性定语从句：不能用that，常用which（指物）、who（指人）、whom（指人）、whose（指人或物）。

而且，在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词不能省略。

例如：“I have a sister, who is a teacher.”（我有一个姐姐，她是一名教师。

）
---关系副词
---限制性定语从句：使用when（表时间）、where（表地点）、why （表原因，先行词通常是reason）。

例如：“I still remember the day when we first met.”（我仍然记得我们第一次见面的那一天。

）
-非限制性定语从句：同样可以使用when和where，但使用频率相
对较低。

非限制性定语从句中用why的时候比较少见。

例如：“We will go to Hangzhou, where we can visit the West Lake.”（我们要去杭州，在那里我们可以游览西湖。

）
3.标点符号
---限制性定语从句：和主句之间没有逗号隔开。

因为它是主句的必要成分，紧密相连。

例如：“The man who lives next door is very friendly.”（住在隔壁的那个人非常友好。

）
---非限制性定语从句：和主句之间有逗号隔开，这也体现了它和主句相对松散的关系。

例如：“My car, which I bought last year, is very expensive.”（我的车，是我去年买的，非常贵。

）
4.语义特点
-限制性定语从句：重点在于对先行词进行限定，使听话者或读者能够明确是哪一个或哪一类事物。

例如：“The students in this class who have passed the exam can take a break.”（这个班通过考试的学生可以休息一下。

）是特指这个班里通过考试的学生，而不是其他学生。

---非限制性定语从句：主要是提供一些额外的、补充性的信息，丰富句子的内容。

例如：“Tom, whose mother is a famous singer, is good at music.”（汤姆，他的妈妈是一位著名的歌手，他很擅长音乐。

）“whose mother is a famous singer”这个信息是对“Tom”的一个附加说明。

5. 非限制性定语从句例句
---用于人物描述
---My friend, who is an excellent artist, has just held a successful art
exhibition.（我的朋友是一位杰出的艺术家，他刚刚举办了一场成功的艺术展。

）
--- The teacher, whom we all respect, is retiring next year.（我们都尊敬的这位老师明年就要退休了。

）
--- Her brother, whose hobby is reading, has a huge collection of books.（她的哥哥爱好阅读，有大量的藏书。

）
---用于事物描述
--- The car, which I bought last month, is very fuel - efficient.（我上个月买的那辆车很省油。

）
--- This book, whose cover is beautifully designed, tells an inspiring story.（这本书封面设计得很漂亮，它讲述了一个鼓舞人心的故事。

）
---用于地点和时间描述补充信息
---We visited Paris, where we saw the Eiffel Tower and many other famous attractions.（我们参观了巴黎，在那里我们看到了埃菲尔铁塔和许多其他著名的景点。

）
--- I will never forget the summer of 2010, when I went on a wonderful trip with my family.（我永远不会忘记2010年的夏天，那时我和我的家人进行了一次美妙的旅行。

）
定语从句在写作中的应用范文：
My School Life
I study in a beautiful school which is located in the suburbs. The school, which was established over 50 years ago, has a long history.
The teachers in our school are very kind. The ones who teach us English are especially patient. They use various interesting methods to make the classes lively. Among them, Mrs. Smith, who has taught English here for more than 20 years, is my favorite teacher.
The campus has a big library which is filled with thousands of books.
I often go there to borrow books that can expand my knowledge. The playground, which is surrounded by green trees, is a great place for us to play football and other sports during the break.
In my school, there are also many classmates who come from different backgrounds. We study together, help each other, and grow up in this wonderful environment. I love my school because it gives me not only knowledge but also countless beautiful memories.
关于定语从句的习题与答案
一、单项选择题
1.The book ____ I bought yesterday is very interesting.
A. which
B. who
C. whom
D. whose
2.This is the man ____ helped me yesterday.
A. which
B. who
C. whom
D. whose
3.I like the movie ____ we watched last night.
A. which
B. who
C. when
D. where
4.The city ____ I was born is very beautiful.
A. which
B. who
C. where
D. that
5.Do you know the reason ____ he was late?
A. which
B. who
C. why
D. that
6.She is the girl ____ hair is very long.
A. which
B. who
C. whom
D. whose
7.I'll never forget the day ____ I met you for the first time.
A. which
B. when
C. where
D. that
8.The house ____ he lives in needs repairing.
A. which
B. who
C. where
D. that
9.He is the only one among us ____ has been to Paris.
A. which
B. who
C. where
D. that
10.My sister, ____ is a nurse, works very hard.
A. which
B. who
C. where
二、用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空
1.The boy ____ is standing there is my brother.
2.This is the place ____ we visited last year.
3.I know the girl ____ mother is a teacher.
4.The time ____ we got together finally arrived.
5.The book ____ cover is red is mine.
6.The man ____ you talked to just now is our new teacher.
7.This is the reason ____ I didn't come to school yesterday.
8.I still remember the village ____ I lived when I was a child.
9.The students ____ study hard will succeed.
10.The factory ____ we worked last year is very big.
三、把两个句子合并为一个含有定语从句的句子
1.The book is very interesting. I bought it yesterday.
2.The man is my teacher. He helped me just now.
3.The city is very beautiful. I want to visit it.
4.The day was wonderful. We spent it together.
5.The girl is very kind. Her mother is a doctor.
答案
一、
1.A
3.A
4.C
5.C
6.D
7.B
8.A/D
9.D
10.B
二、
1.who/that
2.which/that
3.whose
4.when
5.whose
6.who/whom/that
7.why
8.where
9.who/that
10.where
三、
1.The book that/which I bought yesterday is very interesting.
2.The man who/that helped me just now is my teacher.
3.The city that/which I want to visit is very beautiful.
4.The day that/which we spent together was wonderful.
5.The girl whose mother is a doctor is very kind.。