高中英语虚拟语气详解及练习(包含答案)
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高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习
虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设,所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。
根据时间的不同,虚拟条件句可分为三种,即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句
(1)表示与现在事实相反
If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you.
(2)表示与过去事实相反
If he had taken your advice, he wouldn’t have made such a bad mistake.
(3)表示与将来事实相反
I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.
1. 虚拟条件句的倒装
在虚拟条件句中,为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性,或突出说话人的一种主观愿望,虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。
虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if,把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。
例如:Had I been(= If I had been ) in that situation, I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.
Should there be (= If there should be) a drought, what should we do at that time ?
2. 错综时间条件句
有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致,这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来确定。
例如:
If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years ,thing s wouldn’t be going so smoothly.
3. 含蓄条件句
有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来,而是通过某个介词或介词短语(如:with,otherwise,without,but for,in that position)、上下文或其它方式表现出来。
这种句子称为含蓄条件句。
例如:
But for the help from you , I would not have had the chance to go to college.
二、虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用
在某些词或短语后接的从句中要使用虚拟语气,表示愿望、建议或命令等。
根据虚拟语气的形式不同,虚拟语气可以分为“should类”和“过去时态类”。
(一)should类
这一类的虚拟语气是通过从句中的谓语动词使用“should +动词原形”体现出来的,should可以省略。
其具体运用体现在:
1. 在suggest , order, demand , propose, command, request, desire,insist等表示建议、命令、要求、意见的动词后接的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气。
如:He suggests that she should leave the house at once.
The leader ordered that the task(should) be finished as soon as possible.
He proposed that we (should)deal with the problem by the view of development.
2. 与suggest,order,demand,propose,command,request,desire,insist等动词相对应的名词suggestion,order,demand,proposal等后的表语从句或同位语从句中要使用虚拟语气。
如:The general sent the order that the battle (should)be held on until the complete failure of the enemy.
My proposal is that we(should) set a deadline for handing in the plan.
3. 在It is/was suggested (ordered,demanded,proposed,etc.)结构以及necessary,essential,important,strange,natural等形容词后的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气。
如:
It’s requested that we (should)keep the stability of the society for the people’s peaceful life.
It is necessary that the badly wounded man(should) be treated immediately. (二)过去时态类
英语中,还有一些词或短语后接的从句或句子,也要使用虚拟语气,虚拟语气是通过句中的谓语使用过去的某种时态(如:一般过去时、过去完成时等)来体现的。
1. wish,would rather 后的宾语从句。
如:
He wished he had never been involved in such affairs.
I would rather you could teach me again.
2. as if,as though引导的从句。
如:
The little boy knows so many things as if he was a man.
He acted as usual as though nothing had happened.
3. 由if only (要是……,那该多好啊!)引导的惊叹句。
如:
If only I had passed the test!
If only it stopped raining!
4. It is(about/high) time 后的定语从句。
如:
It is time we went out for a walk.
It was high time they had begun to prepare the experiment.
三、虚拟语气的其它用法
在英语中,一些表示建议、请求、劝告、愿望、祈祷、祝福或诅咒的句子,也需要使用虚拟语气。
如:
Would you mind smoking here?
May you be lucky!
Long live the people of China!
God save me.
虚拟语气练习题
1.He insisted that the problem requiring paying attention to at the meeting.
A.being discussed B.discuss
C.be discussed D.discussing
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查词组和虚拟语气。
句意:他主张值得被注意的问题在开会的时候被讨论。
本题较为复杂。
首先,这句话的主干结构为:He insisted the problem be discussed at the meeting. 不难看出insist引导的宾语从句中要用“should do”,此处should省略了。
其次“ requiring paying attention to”作定语修饰problem,因此C正确。
2.This is his only request that the room_______ after being used.
A.be cleaned B.would be cleaned C.is cleaned D.will be cleaned
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
试题分析:考查虚拟语气。
本题是一个同位语从句,前面的名称是request,后面的同位语从句中使用虚拟语气should+动词原形,should可以省略。
句意:使用以后这个房间要被打扫干净,这是他唯一的请求。
故A正确。
考点:考查虚拟语气
点评:request/order/demsnd/advice等后面的同位语从句使用虚拟语气should+动词原形,should可以省略。
3.Jane’s pale face suggeste d that she ______ ill and her parents suggested that she ______ a medical exam.
A.be; should have B.was; have
C.should be; had D.was; had
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
试题分析:考查suggest的用法:句意:Jane的苍白的脸表明她病了,她的父母建议她去体检。
第一个suggest是“表明,显示”的意思,后面的be动词视整句时态而定,为过去式。
第二个suggest是“建议”的意思,后面是一个虚拟语气,固定用法为“(should)do sth”,其中should常省略。
选B。
考点:考查suggest的用法
4. it rain tomorrow, we would have to call off the hike.
A.Will B.Would C.Should D.Were
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
试题分析:句意:如果明天下雨,我们将取消这次徒步旅行。
表示对将来情况的虚拟。
从句:①if+主语+were to do ②if+主语+should+do ③if+主语+过去式(be动词用were),主句:主语+should/would+do。
当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were,should,had时,if可以省略,这时条件从句要用倒装语序,即把were,should,had等词置于句首,选C。
考点:考查虚拟语气
5.—Why didn’t you buy the gold ring?
—I ______ but I didn’t have the money.
A.would have B.bought C.would like to D.had bought
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气和省略。
句意:——你为什么不买金戒指?——如果当时我有钱的话,我会买的,但我没有钱。
根据but I didn't have the money可知,此处暗含“如果我当时有钱的话,就会……”,这里是和过去事实相反的假设,主句是省略句,全句是I would have(bought the gold ring)其他选项不符合语境。
故选A。
6.—I failed again. I wish I _________ harder.
—But you _________.
A.had worked; hadn’t B.worked; don’t
C.had worked; didn’t D.worked; didn’t
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
wish后宾语从句的虚拟语气只有两种时态,一是一般过去时,一是过去完成时。
即若表示对现在或将来的虚拟就用一般过去时;若表示对过去的虚拟就用
过去完成时。
从句的时态完全不以wish 的形式而变化。
这里是表示对过去的虚拟,答语叙述的是过去发生的事情,用过去时态。
故选C。
7.I can’t thank you _____much, because without your help I _____ have won the first place. A.too; wouldn’t B.very; shouldn’t
C.that; might not D.so; couldn’t
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查常用句型和虚拟语气。
句意:我再怎么感谢你也不为过,因为要是没有你的帮助,我就不能赢得第一名。
not… too much都不过分;without your help这是一个条件,主干是对过去的虚拟,故选A。
【点睛】
虚拟语气是高中阶段的重要语法项目,需要考生牢记各种情况的虚拟语气的谓语动词的形式,并要有分析理解语境的能力。
即学即练:—I didn’t go to the movie last night because of the rain.
—What a pity! If I had got the ticket, I ________ it.
A. wouldn’t have missed
B. wouldn’t miss
C. didn’t miss
D. hadn’t missed
解析:A。
根据上一句last night可知,本句表示与过去事实相反,从句用过去完成时,主句用would have done结构。
8._________, the world would be more harmonious.
A.Weren't there any wars B.There weren't any wars
C.Were there no wars D.Had there no wars
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
试题分析:考查虚拟语气。
根据后半句would be可知是对现在的虚拟,从句要用过去式,be动词一律用were,另本句为if条件句省略形式,要将were提到句首,同时如果条件句从句为否定,否定词应置于主语后,不能缩略为Weren't置于句首,句意:如果没有战争,世界会更和谐。
故选C
考点:考查虚拟语气
9.She wishes she ______________ to the cinema last night.
A.went B.would go
C.had gone D.were going
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
句意:她希望她那晚去了电影院。
根据句意,可知道这里是一个虚拟句,对过去事实的一个虚拟,要用过去完成时。
考点:虚拟语气
10.Don't come tonight, I would rather you ________ tomorrow.
A.come B.came C.will come D.coming
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
句意:今晚不要来,我宁愿你明天来。
would rather (that) sb did sth表示主语宁愿某人做了或没做某事,一般用于虚拟语气。
故选B。
11.He insisted that he ____________ the money and ___________ he __________ set free. A.didn’t steal, /, be B.steal, that, should be
C.didn’t steal, that, should be D.steal, /, was
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查insist的用法。
Insist做坚持说解时从句与主句时态相同;做坚决要求...该...解时后接that+主语+should+动词原形;根据句意那个男孩坚持认为他没有错,并且坚决要求马上释放他。
故选C。
【名师点睛】
insist引导的宾语从句的时态有两种理解.
1.insist如果解释为"坚持说,坚持认为"即其宾语从句的动作是个已经发生的动作,则宾语从句的时态为正常用法.
所以该句“he (not) steal the money”是个已经发生的事实,且其发生在insisted之前,所以“过去的过去”,就改用过去完成时了.
2.insist如果解释2为“坚持要求,坚持主张”即其宾语从句的动作尚未发生时,这宾语从句的时态必须使用虚拟语气,即(should)+ 动词原形.
所以该句“he (be set free)at once”在当时是个尚未发生的动作,必须使用虚拟语气,所以该写成he (should) be set free at once.
12.—Was Sun Yang sorry for his driving without a license?
—Yeah, he said he ________ a role model as a public figure but he failed to be.
A.was B.had been
C.should have been D.would be
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
句意:——孙杨为他的无证驾驶感到抱歉吗?——是的,他说他作为公众人物本应该做个榜样,但是他没有这么做。
根据“he failed to be”可知,表示与过去事实相反,表示“本应该做某事而实际上没做”,应用should have done结构。
故选C。
13.If you hard at school, you a college student now and would get a good job in the future.
A.had studied; would have been B.would have studied; could be
C.had studied; would be D.studied; could be
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
句意:如果你上学时努力学习,现在就是大学生了,将来会找到一个好工作。
从句是对过去的假设用过去完成时,而主句是对现在和将来的假设用would+原形,故选C。
【名师点睛】
虚拟条件句中,主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时,要区别对待。
①从句的动作与过去事实相反,用过去时态的虚拟结构过去完成时;而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符,用现在时的虚拟形式would do。
如:
If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话,我现在也会是工程师了。
If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话,我们现在就不会来这里了。
②从句的动作与现在事实相反,用现在时的虚拟形式过去时;而主句的动作与过去事实不符,用过去时态的虚拟结构would have done。
如:
If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话,我们会已经派他去北京了。
③从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反,用过去时态的虚拟结构过去完成时;而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反,用现在时的虚拟形式would do。
如:
If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better. 如果天不下太多的雨的话,庄稼会长得更好。
本题是第一种用法,从句的动作与过去事实相反,而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符,所以从句用过去完成时形式,主句用现在时和将来时形式。
14.If my car _________more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer. A.was B.had been C.should be D.would be
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
句意:如果我的车靠得住的话,去年夏天我就会开车去拉萨而不是坐飞机了。
根据主语的谓语动词可知题干是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,从句谓语动词用had done,选B。
15.—Why didn’t you call me then?
—Oh, my cell-phone was power off. I ________ you otherwise.
A.would call B.had called
C.have called D.would have called
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
句意:---为什么当时你不给我打电话?--哦,我的手机没电了。
否则的话我会给你打的。
此处相当于if条件状语从句中与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,主句用would
/should /could/might +have+过去分词,指如果我手机当时有电的话我会给你打的。
故选D.【名师点睛】
含蓄虚拟条件句就是将条件从句隐藏在上下文一定的短语中的一类条件句,比如将条件隐含在不定式短语中,分词短语中,介词短语中,名词短语中,或某些连词(如or, or else, otherwise等)中,将条件隐含在定语从句中,将条件隐含在一定的上下文中,等等。
如:To have studied harder, you would have passed the examination. 你学习更用功些,你早就考及格了。
(=if you have studied harder, you…)
Failing this time, what would you do?假若这次失败,那你怎么办?(=If you failed this time, what…)
Without air, no one could live. 没有空气,人就不能活。
(=If there were no air, no one could live.)
A true friend would not have betrayed me. 若是真正的朋友,就不会背弃我。
(=If he had been a true friend, he would…)
I didn’t know that he was a cheat, or else I wouldn’t have believed him.我不知道他是个骗子,不然我也不会相信他了。
(or else=if I had known he was a cheat)
Anyone who had seen that painting might have taken it for a photo. 凡是看过那画的人,都可能把它看成是照片。
(=If anyone had seen that painting…)
Don’t bother to read all these papers. It would take too long.不要费事看所有这些文件了,那会花太多时间。
(=…If you read all these papers, It would take too long)
I’m really very busy, otherwise I would certainly go there with you. 我真的是太忙了,不然我就会同你一道去了。
(otherwise=if I were not so busy)
16.When it comes to death, Vincent Van Gogh ________ by others in that his wound didn’t indicate suicide, while Albert Einstein ________ longer but he refused surgery,
A.may have been killed; should have lived
B.should have been killed; should have lived
C.may have been killed; must have lived
D.should have been killed: must have lived
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查情态动词和虚拟语气。
句意:谈到死亡,文森特·梵高可能被其他人杀害,因为他的伤口并不意味着自杀,而阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦本应该活得更长,但他拒绝接受手术。
A. may
have been killed; should have lived可能被其他人杀害,本应该活得更长;B. should have been killed; should have lived本应该被其他人杀害,本应该活得更长;C. may have been killed; must have lived可能被其他人杀害,一定活了很长;D. should have been killed: must have lived本应该被其他人杀害,一定活了很长。
结合句意,may have done 表示对发生过的事
情的推测,should have done 本应该做某事,实际未做,符合句意。
故选A项。
17.He made the suggestion that we by train.
A.went B.would go
C.go D.had gone
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
句意:他建议我们坐火车去。
名词suggestion后面的同位语从句使用虚拟语气should+动词原形;should可以省略。
故选C.
【点睛】
虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句的用法
在proposal, suggestion, order, requirement, desire, decision, advice, plan, necessity等表示提议、要求、命令等名词的后面的表语从句和同位语从句中,可用“动词原形”或“should +动词原形”虚拟语气。
His suggestion is that the meeting be put off.他的建议是推迟开会。
He made the suggestion that we go by train.他建议我们坐火车去。
18.Education helps open the mind and provides possibilities that a person ______ otherwise. A.wouldn’t have B.shall not have
C.didn’t have D.doesn’t have
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
句意:教育帮助开阔视野,也提供一个原本没有的可能性。
分析句子可知,that a person ______ otherwise.为限制性定语从句修饰先行词possibilities,而从句中otherwise否则可知,从句为虚拟条件状语从句,相当于a person wouldn’t have poss ibilities if there was not education,故选A。
【点睛】
含蓄条件状语从句。
有些句子,虽没有含条件关系的连词,却也隐含着条件关系,被叫做含蓄条件状语从句,这些句子常用一些词,如but for, without,otherwise等引出一个介词结构来表示条件,条件应该是虚拟的,或与事实相反的假设。
比如but for 若非,要不是You may consider it useless, but for our customers it's an all-important sign of good service. 您也许会认为这样毫无用处,可是对于我们的客户而言,它却是优质服务的重要体现。
without 如果没有...就不...You can't have one without the other, as the song says.就像歌里唱的那样,两者密不可分,不能只取其一。
Otherwise否则,This is the one blemish on an otherwise resounding success. 如果没有这个小小的失误,这就是一次彻底的胜利。
19.Foreign Ministry spokesman said China had made representations to Canada, requiring it
______ the reason for the arrest of Meng Wanzhou, CFO of Huawei.
A.clarify B.would clarify C.clarifies D.will clarify
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
句意:中国外交部发言人表示,中国已向加拿大提出交涉,要求加拿大澄清华为首席财务官孟晚舟被捕的原因。
require后的宾语从句要用should+动词原形的虚拟语气,其中,should可以省略,故A项正确。
【点睛】
在表示坚持、建议、要求、命令等词后的宾语从句中,要用should do的虚拟语气,其中,should 可以省略,常见的这类词有insist,suggest,order,require、demand等。
20.“If no one the rubbish,” an environmentalist pointed out, “the street would soon become dirty, the number of rats would increase, and the disease would spread.”
A.collects B.will collect C.is to collect D.were to collect
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
句意:一位环保人士指出,如果没有人收拾垃圾,街道很快就会变脏,老鼠的数量就会增加,疾病就会传播。
根据would判断此处是与将来事实相反的虚拟语气,从句用were to do,故D项正确。
【点睛】
虚拟语气是英语语法中的一大难点,注意在if非真实条件句中,主句和从句谓语动词有以下三种形式:表示与现在事实相反,从句用过去式(be用were),主句用would(should, could)+动词原形;表示与过去事实相反,从句用had+过去分词,主句用would(should, could)+have+过去分词;表示与将来事实相反,从句用过去式(should/were to+动词原形),主句用would(should, could)+动词原形。
21.As many as 150 people died in the explosion. If only the owners ____ enough attention to the safety measures!
A.paid B.should pay
C.would pay D.had paid
【答案】D
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
句意:多达150人在爆炸中丧生。
要是业主对安全措施给予足够的重视就好了!根据句意可知,此处表示与过去事实相反的情况,应使用过去完成时。
故D选项正确。
【点睛】
If only:常常用来表示强烈的愿望,使用虚拟语气时和wish类似,表达强烈的遗憾或与真实条件不符的愿望。
因而使用起来的形式也与wish相同。
1.表示与将来情况不同:if only+从句主语+would(could, might)+动词原形
eg:If only she would try again.我希望她能再试一次。
2.表示与现在情况不同:if only+从句主语+动词过去式
eg:If only I wasn't going to London.我希望我没去过伦敦。
3.表达与过去情况不同:if only+从句主语+would/could have/had+过去分词
eg:If only you had come to my birthday party.你要是来了我的生日晚会就好了。
以上就是if only的三种用法,if only的用法与wish基本相似。
22.If she ________ generous as she makes out she would have donated more money in the catastrophe.
A.had been B.were
C.would be D.was
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
从句首的if(如果)与主句的would have done(早就做…)可判断本题考查虚拟语气,并且根据主句时态可以判断是与现在事实相反的假设,所以if从句用一般过去式,be动词要用were。
虚拟语气中,be动词的一般过去时只能用were不能用was,故选B。
【点睛】
If条件句引导的虚拟语气,一般有三种形式。
与现在事实相反:If +主语+did(be用were),主语+would/should/might/could+动词原形。
与过去事实相反:If +主语+had done,主语
+would/should/might/could + have done。
与将来事实相反:If +主语+were to do/should do,主语+would/should/might/could+动词原形。
虚拟语气做题方法是在正常时态上往前推一个时态,用往前推了时态表达虚拟的不真实性。
只要学生记住我们上边列出的这三种形式,做题是轻而易举的。
23.The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ________ the task in half the time. A.accomplished B.had accomplished
C.would accomplish D.would have accomplished
【答案】D
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
句意:工人们没有被更好的组织起来,否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。
根据上句the workers were not better organized可知,这是对过去事情的虚拟。
表示与过去事实相反的假设,其句子结构为:从句:If+主语+过去完成时+其他,主句:主语
+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他,故选D。
24.This car is important to our family. We would repair it at our expense _______ it break down within the first year.
A.could B.would
C.might D.should
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查情态动词和虚拟语气。
句意:这辆车对我们家很重要。
如果在第一年内发生故障,我们将自费修理。
A. could能;B. would会;C. might也许会;D. should应该。
分析句子可知,本句为if引导的虚拟条件句,表示与将来事实相反的假设,从句为:sb should do sth,主句为:sb would/could/might/should do。
当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had, were, should等时,如将if省略,则要将had, were, should等移到主语前构成部分倒装句。
故D 选项正确。
【点睛】
if虚拟条件句和对应主句的动词形式列表:
当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had, were, should等时,如将if省略,则要将had, were, should等移到主语前构成部分倒装句。
分析句子可知,本句为if引导的虚拟条件句,表示与将来事实相反的假设,从句为:sb should do sth, 主句为:sb would/could/might/should do。
当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had, were, should等时,如将if省略,则要将had, were, should等移到主语前构成部分倒装句。
因前面从句已经用了would,所以主句应该用should。
故D选项正确。
25.I regret not having taken your advice. Otherwise I ________ this mistake at the moment. A.didn’t make B.wouldn’t make
C.hadn’t make D.wouldn’t have made
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
句意:我后悔没有采纳你的意见。
否则,我不会现在犯这么多错误。
Otherwise表示“否则”,隐含一种条件在里面,现在这“条件”是不真实的,用虚拟语气;主句中at the moment表示现在,对现在的虚拟用would+动词原形,故选B。
26.If William had listened to what his teacher said in class, he how to solve the problem now. A.has known B.would know C.would have known D.knows
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
句意:如果William听了他老师在课上说的,他现在就知道如何解决这个
问题了。
本题为错综时间条件句中的虚拟语气,即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致,如从句指过去,而主句即指的是现在或将来。
本句中从句表示对过去情况的假设,而主语中根据now可知表示对现在情况的假设,谓语动词用would+动词原形,故选B。
【点睛】
条件状语从句中的虚拟语气
1. 虚拟条件句的基本类型
(1)与现在事实相反
若与现在事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。
如:
If she were try ing harder, her parents wouldn’t be so anxious.
如果她现在更用功些,她的父母也不会这么忧虑了。
(可惜她并不用功)
If I knew her number I could ring her up.
要是我知道她的电话号码,我就可以给她打电话了。
(可惜我不知道)
(2)与过去事实相反
若与过去事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”。
如:
If I’d seen you, I’d have said hello. 如果我看见你了,我会和你打招呼的。
(不巧我没看见你)
If they had invited him to the party, he would have attended it. 如果他们邀请了他参加晚会,
他是会参加的。
(但他们没邀请他)
(3)与将来事实相反
若与将来事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。
如:
If you succeeded, everything would be all right. 如果你将来成功了,一切都会好的。
(但你还没有成功)
2. 错综时间虚拟条件句
所谓错综时间虚拟条件句即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致,如从句指过去,而主句即指的是现在或将来,此时应根据具体的语境情况,结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整。
如:
If you’d listened to me, you wouldn’t be in such trou ble now. 如果你听了我的话,你现在也不会有这样的麻烦了。
(从句指过去,主句指现在)
If you were in better health, we’d have let you go with us. 你要是身体好一点,我们就让你和我们一道去了。
(从句指现在,主句指过去)
27.He would get to the university by Friday ______ today, which can ensure him of his speech. A.were he to leave B.if he had left C.did he to leave D.had he left
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
句意:如果今天出发,他周五就可以达到那所大学,这样就可以确保他的演讲。
根据He would get to the university by Friday判断此处考查与现在事实相反的虚拟语气,从句应用一般过去时,即if he were to leave,又从句中有were时可省略if将其提到句首,即were he to leave,故选A项。
【点睛】
本题考查非真实条件状语从句中虚拟语气的省略
If引导的虚拟条件状语从句中,如有were, had(助动词),should时可省略if,再提前were, had, should。
例如:
1.If I were you, I would choose to stay at home. →Were I you, I would choose to stay at home.
2.If it should snow tomorrow, I would make a snowm an. →Should it snow tomorrow, I would make a snowman.
3.If you had followed my advice, you would be better now. →Had you followed my advice,you would be better now.
28.___________ ten years younger, I would study abroad.
A.If were I B.I were C.Were I D.Was I
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
句意:如果我年轻十岁,我就会出国留学。
此处表示与现在事实相反的假设,从句用一般过去时(be用were),主句用would/should/could/might+动词原形,如果条件句中有were,had,should等助动词,可将if省略,将were,had或should置于句首,来表达与if引导的虚拟条件句相同的意思,故C项正确。