StandardforPutonghuaProficiencyTest（普通话水平测试等级标准）

Standard for Putonghua Proficiency Test（普通话水平测试等级
标准）
(2) read disyllabic words 50, 2 minutes and 50 seconds, accounting for 20 points. The purpose is to examine the examination of voice, rhyme and tone pronunciation, but also to examine, retroflexion and soft tone sandhi pronunciation.
(3) 400 word short reading, limited time 4 minutes, accounting for 30 points. The purpose is to examine the ability of candidates to use Mandarin reading written material, and focuses on pronunciation, phonetic changes and intonation.
(4) speaking time, 3 minutes, accounting for 40 points. The purpose is to examine the degree to which an examinee speaks Mandarin in the absence of words.
Scoring standard
Monosyllabic word
Exclude "tone, syllable
Objective: to examine the pronunciation of initial consonants, finals and tones of examinees.
Requirements: 100 syllables, each consonant appears generally not less than 3 times, in the dialect of missing or confusing will be increased 1-2 times; each vowel is generally not less than 2 times, in the dialect of missing or confusing vowels will be increased 1-2 times. The pronunciation of consonants or
vowels of the same arrangement will be separated. The adjacent syllables appear or the alliteration and assonance.
Rating: this score is 10% of the total score, or 10 points. Read the initials, finals, or tones of a word by 0.1 points. The pronunciation is defective. Each word is deducted 0.05 points.
A character is allowed to read two times, which can find the first candidates studying pronunciation have a slip of the tongue second times, according to the pronunciation evaluation.
Time limit: 3 minutes. Overtime deduction (3-4 minutes deducted 0.5 points, 4 minutes or more deducted 0.8 points).
The pronunciation is defective. Only two reads, 1 monosyllabic words and 2 disyllabic words are recorded. The pronunciation is deficient in 1 item mainly refers to the articulation of consonants is not accurate, but it is not a class of consonants in Mandarin read into another consonant, such as J, Q, coronal x read too close to the Z, C, s; or the correct pronunciation of a class of consonants in Mandarin the position is replaced by the more close to the site, such as J, Q, coronal x read into laminal retroflex consonants; or read tongue contact or close to the palate position over the back or front, but not completely wrong reading for dental defects; the vowel pronunciation was hekouhu, the final round of the lips pursed mouths is obviously not enough, or the sense of difference; opening mouth opening of the finals was not enough, the sense of nature is clearly incompatible; or compound vowel tongue movement was not enough; tone form, potential is basically correct, but the value is obviously low or partial High,
especially the relative height or low of the four tones, which is pronounced as a tonal defect; such defects are generally systematic, and each tone is penalized by 5 single tones. 1 and 2, two have the same problem, two points are deducted respectively.
Read disyllabic words
Objective: To study the examinees except initials, vowels and tones of pronunciation, but also the tone sandhi, retroflexion and softly pronunciation.
Requirement: 50 double syllables can be regarded as 100 single syllables, and the occurrences of initial consonants and finals are roughly the same as those of monosyllabic words. In addition, the sound and tone of words is not less than 2 times, and several other tones is not less than 4 times; and not less than 3 times; the r-ending retroflexion of not less than 4 times (arurier ER), the arrangement of words to avoid the same concentration of test items.
Rating: this score is 20% of the total score, or 20 points. Read the initials, finals, or tones of a syllable by 0.2 points. There is a pronounced defect in pronunciation, 0.1 points each time.
Time limit: 3 minutes. Overtime deduction (3-4 minutes deducted 1 points, 4 minutes or more deducted 1.6 points).
The pronunciation of defective refers to the same except with outside the 1 in the r-ending retroflexion overqualification
should be included in the clear pronunciation.
1 and
2 two tests, including one or two points in the 10%, that is 1 points 1 points, or 2 questions that allowed 2 points to determine the candidate's Mandarin level can not enter a.
The candidate has voice obvious flaws, even if the score reached a level to drop, classified as a class B.
Reading aloud
3. read aloud from the fifth parts of the test program. Read the material (No. 1-50).
Objective: to examine the level of written materials for examinees to read in mandarin,
Focus on pronunciation, sandhi (tone, "a", "no"), tone (tone) etc..
Scoring: this score is 30% of the total score. That is 30 points. For each material before 400 words (not including punctuation) cumulative calculation, each pronunciation error deduction of 0.1 points, missed a word deduction of 0.1 points, there are different degrees of dialect intonation problems (one-time points deducted 3 points; obviously, deducted 2 points; slightly reflected, deducted 1.5 points. Improper punctuation pauses, deducted 1 points each; the speed is too fast or too slow, one-time deduction of 2 points.
Time limit: 4 minutes. 4 points more than 30 seconds, 1 points
deducted.
Note: reading materials (1-50) the word is slightly different, in order to achieve the standard for evaluation, the first 400 words of the examination candidates to read material test (after every 400 words are signs) error cumulative calculation; but the study of intonation, speed should be throughout the. From the test requirements, we should put the 50 pieces of work that offer the supply and practice as a whole. We should master it thoroughly before the exam.
speak
Objective: to examine the ability and standard of Mandarin spoken by an examinee without words. One-way speaking mainly, if necessary, supplemented by two-way dialogue between the main test and the examinee. One-way dialogue: the examinee according to draw the topic, say 4 minutes (not less than 3 minutes, say 4 minutes, the main test should ask the candidates to stop).
Rating: this score is 30% of the total score, or 30 points. Including:
(1) voice features account for 20%, or 20 points. Among them, the grade is:
File 20 point pronunciation standard
18 second pronunciation errors below 10 times, there is no obvious dialect;
Third 16 pronunciation errors below 10 times, but the dialect is obvious; or dialect is not obvious, but the pronunciation errors of roughly 10 times -15 times;
Four file 14 points of speech errors on the 10 -15, obvious dialect;
Five 10 pronunciation errors of more than 15 times, obvious dialect;
Six file 8 pronunciation errors, heavy accent.
Phonetic features identified as the second (or two below) even if the total score above 96, nor into a class; phonetic features identified as five, even if the total score of 87 points or more, also can not enter the two grade; the above conditions, should be assessed in grade.
(2) vocabulary and grammatical norms accounted for 5%. Scoring level is:
File 5 points, vocabulary, grammar and norms;
I have 4 second vocabulary or grammar do not conform to the situation;
Third 3 points of vocabulary and grammar frequently do not conform to the situation;
(3) natural fluency accounted for 5%, or 5 points. Scoring level is:
One file, 5 points, natural and smooth;
Second 4 basic oral fluency, poor (a similar back draft performance);
Third 3 speed properly, no discourse coherence; speak out of time, I must compensate with two-way conversation. In the trial stage, the above scoring method should be adopted, and the proportion of speech grading should be increased appropriately as the situation changes.
Errors and defects
(1), an error: consonants, vowels and tones read another sound, tone, or in accordance with the dialect pronunciation to read.
For example: initial mistakes: such as reading Z C S as ZH CH SH or reading ZH CH SH as Z, C, S, etc.. Vowel error: if O is read as e (broadcast bo-be), read ing eng as ong (shadow ying-yong) and so on. The tone is wrong: Mandarin has four tones, and the candidate's pronunciation, such as retaining the tone of the dialect, is wrong.
(2) defect: the transitional state of one or more syllables in the pronunciation of syllables. (although not read as the other one, but the articulation is inaccurate)
Initial defect: for example, retroflex Zh, CH, SH, although not read supradental Z, C, s, but the pronunciation position too close, the sense of hearing and Mandarin initials have great
differences in value. Palatal J, Q, x, read too close to Z, C, s, tongue friction. Such as Penglai, Weihai, Wendeng area: fine (God), (interesting) and interesting (relative).
Vowel defects: for example, compound finals, the tongue position is not enough,
Failure to manifest the process of sliding. (that is, the gradual change of the tongue position and lip shape in the process of compound speech is not enough, and a part of the pronunciation change is omitted) Such as cotton padded jacket (-ao-[") to (-iao-[)
Tone defect: it can basically read the four tones of Mandarin, but the tune is not in place, obviously lower or higher, and can not read the contrast of the ordinary high and low tones. (according to the testing rules, single byte words total points with 1 points, that is not a grade.)
Test paper type
According to the test objects, the Putonghua proficiency test papers are divided into two types: type I and type ii:
I rolled through mainly for the Chinese Proficiency Test (HSK) for Putonghua Proficiency Test of foreign or foreign personnel.
The scope of the question for type 1 is:
(1) monosyllabic words and two syllable words are from the "table. The selected test outline" second parts, including two
words with an asterisk accounted for 60%, with an asterisk words accounted for 40%. The test range is limited to [table 1].
(2) the sign of the reading materials is limited to 40, and the number of words is less than 10.
The Putonghua Proficiency Test in the pilot phase, taking into account the students study burden, so before the end of December 1996, Putonghua level test for secondary normal schools and secondary occupation school students and primary school teachers about when using type I roll.
Type II rolls are available for use by personnel other than type I personnel.
The scope of the questions for type II is:
(1) monosyllabic words and disyllabic words in proportion respectively from the "test outline" the second part of the table a and table two selected. Selected from [table 1] accounted for 70%, of which two stars with 40%, with an asterisk accounted for 30%; selected from [table two] accounted for 30%.
(2) reading materials (No. 1-50) are all signed.
Matters needing attention
1, pay attention to the differences of pronunciation between Mandarin and their dialects. The differences of pronunciation between Mandarin and dialect, most of them are regular. This law also has a large rule and a small rule, often contains some
exceptions in the law, these are to rely on their own summary. One is a summary is not enough to check the dictionary and dictionary, to strengthen memory, practice. In practice, we should not only pay attention to the differences in phonology, but also pay attention to tone words and retroflexion learning.
2, pay attention to the pronunciation of polyphonic characters. One syllable is one of the important reasons for misreading. We must pay great attention to it. Chinese can from two aspects to pay attention to learning. The first is to focus on different meaning polyphones, find out its different meaning, to remember the different pronunciation from different meaning. The second category is the same meaning to understand its polyphone, on different occasions. This kind of character in most cases is used "width" of a sound, a sound use "narrow", just remember "narrow" on the line.
3, pay attention to the characters of similar or misreading caused by radical analogy. Because of a similar shape by a word into the wrong person to read the B word, this is a very common misunderstanding. By itself or by the radical radical pronunciation consisting of a commonly used word pronunciation, to a misunderstanding on the pronunciation of the new words and cause, is also very common. The so-called "scholar to read half", make a joke, this misreading refers to.
4, pay attention to the pronunciation of the word pronunciation. Mandarin vocabulary, a word (or word morpheme), meaning the same or similar, but there are two or more different in reading habits, these are called "variant pronunciation". In order to make the pronunciation of standard, in 50s on the organization
of the National Putonghua pronunciation Review Committee, and the Mandarin pronunciation variants were examined. After several decades, several drafts. 1985. The state announced the "variants in Putonghua pronunciation table", Mandarin variants asked the national culture and education, publishing, broadcasting and other departments, industries involved in reading, phonetic, in this new "pronunciation table" shall prevail. At the time of using the meter,
It is better to compare the reference books (such as the Xinhua Dictionary, the modern Chinese Dictionary) and so on. Look at all the pronunciations, senses, and use cases of a word, and then look at pronunciation and use cases in the audio meter. After comparing, if found the two have discrepancy, all should take "sound meter" as standard. Thus, the purpose of pronunciation standards is achieved.
Certificate of grade
Candidates who have been tested will be able to obtain the national proficiency test certificate for Putonghua proficiency, which is produced by the national language work committee. The candidate's test scores and grades will be recorded in the certificate.
Promulgated in 1997, "Putonghua proficiency test management measures" (Trial) stipulates that "Putonghua proficiency certificate is valid for 5 years", more than the time limit will be re examined.
Putonghua proficiency test management approach "(revised 2003
officially canceled), on the putonghua grade certificate is valid for reference, that is, Putonghua level certificate, no national general validity limit.
Since 2011, the Mandarin certificate style has been revised. The old version includes the date of birth and the new version; the old edition has no ID number, the new edition is added; the new edition increases the testing time. Are covered with the State Language Work Committee official seal and test center. It is changed from a previous form to a paper form with a certificate shell.。