【英语】高二英语阅读理解(科普环保)解题技巧及练习题含解析

【英语】高二英语阅读理解(科普环保)解题技巧及练习题含解析
一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类
1．犇犇阅读短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

A shark moving around the coastline is normally a worrying sight，but this waterborne drone (无人机) threatens floating rubbish instead of people.
Developed by Dutch company RanMarine, the WasteShark takes nature as its inspiration with its whale shark-like mouth. Responsible for collecting waste, the drone will begin operations in Dubai Marina in November after a year of trials with local partner Ecocoast.
According to RanMarine, the WasteShark is available in both autonomous and remote-controlled models. Measuring just over five feet by three-and-a-half feet (1.5 meters by 1.1 meter), it can carry up to 352 pounds of rubbish (159.6 kg) and has an operational battery life of 16 hours.
By 2016 there were approximately 150 million tons of plastic in the world's oceans. One paper from December 2014 estimated that over a quarter of a million tons of ocean plastic pollution was afloat.
"WasteShark also has the abilities to gather air and water quality data, remove chemicals out of the water such as oil, and heavy metals, and scan the seabed to read its depth and outlines," said Oliver Cunningham, one of the co-founders of RanMarine. "Fitted with a collision-avoidance system, the drone uses laser imaging detection and ranging technology to detect an object in its path and stop or back up if the object approaches."
"Our drones are designed to move through a water system, whether it's around the perimeter (周边) or through the city itself. The drones are that last line of defense between the city and the open ocean," added Cunningham. "WasteSharks are operating in Dubai, South Africa and the Netherlands and cost $ 17, 000 for the remote-controlled model and just under $ 23, 000 for the autonomous model."
Dubai-based operator Ecocoast has two WasteShark drones. Co-founder Dana Liparts says they will clean waterfronts for clients including hotels and environmental authorities and that Ecocoast' intention is to have the collected rubbish recycled or upcycled. However, Liparts argues that cleaning waterways doesn't have a one-size-fits-all solution and requires a combination of new technology, preventative measures and changing people's attitudes towards littering.
（1）What do we know about the WasteShark?
A. It can frighten sharks away.
B. It is an ocean explorer.
C. It is a rubbish collector.
D. It can catch fish instead of people.
（2）What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us?
A. The causes of ocean pollution.
B. The dangers of using plastics.
C. The severity of ocean garbage pollution.
D. The importance of ocean protection.
（3）What will the WasteShark do with an approaching object?
A. Avoid crashing into it.
B. Break it into pieces.
C. Swallow it.
D. Fly over it.（4）Which of the following ideas does Liparts agree with?
A. The WasteShark should be used more widely.
B. More measures should be taken to make water clean.
C. The production cost of WasteSharks should be reduced.
D. People should take a positive attitude to new technology.
【答案】（1）C
（2）C
（3）A
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍一种水上无人机可以用于清理浮在水面上的垃圾。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Responsible for collecting waste, the drone will begin operations in Dubai Marina in November after a year of trials with local partner Ecocoast.”可知，这种无人机是用来清理垃圾的，故选C。

（2）考查段落大意。

根据第四段中的“By 2016 there were approximately 150 million tons of plastic in the world's oceans. One paper from December 2014 estimated that over a quarter of a million tons of ocean plastic pollution was afloat.”可知，预计到2016年，海洋里会有1.5亿吨垃圾，估计约有25万吨垃圾漂浮在海洋上，故可知，本段主要讲述海洋垃圾的严重性，故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第五段中的"Fitted with a collision-avoidance system, the drone uses laser imaging detection and ranging technology to detect an object in its path and stop or back up if the object approaches."可知，配备防碰撞系统，无人机使用激光来探测物体，用测距技术来探测前方是否有物体，如果探测到物体，无人机就会停下来或者后退，故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“However, Liparts argues that cleaning waterways doesn't have a one-size-fits-all solution and requires a combination of new technology, preventative measures and changing people's attitudes towards littering.”可知，这种无人机并非解决水上垃圾污染的万全之策，需要多措并举，才能达到目的，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科教类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

When you think back to the blackboard from your school days, what color is it? Chances are that it's green. So what's up with the name? Originally, blackboards were really black. Before wall-sized blackboards existed, late 18th-century students used their own mini boards made of slate (石板) or painted wood, according to Concordia University, Those first boards were, in fact, black, and they paved the way for the larger ones.
In 1800 when a Scottish headmaster named James Pillans wanted his students to draw maps, the students couldn't draw the maps their teacher wanted on their tiny boards, so Pillans put several slates together to create a large board. Problem solved! From there, the idea spread quickly as teachers could finally show a concept to the whole class at one time. By 1815, the massive writing spaces were common enough to earn their own name: blackboard.
The color change came in the 1960s when companies sold, steel plates, coated with green enamel (漆) instead of the traditional dark slate. The new material was lighter and less fragile than the first blackboards, so they were cheaper to ship and more likely to survive the journey. Teachers weren't complaining either. After all, the new "greenboards" made the chalk powder easier to erase. Plus, the enamel left less of a glare and the color was nicer to look at. At that point, people started using the word "chalkboard "as a more accurate descriptor, but "blackboard" still stuck around.
（1）What did the late 18th-century students use in class?
A. Blackboard.
B. Chalkboard.
C. Greenboard.
D. Mini board.（2）Why did the headmaster ask the students to put their mini boards together?
A. To make a comparison.
B. To make enough space.
C. To draw students' attention.
D. To arouse students' interest.
（3）Which of the following is NOT the advantage of the "greenboard"?
A. They're lighter in weight.
B. They're more convenient to transport.
C. They're easier to erase the powder.
D. They're more useful than the traditional ones.
（4）What's the main idea of the text?
A. Introduction of the blackboard.
B. Origin of the blackboard.
C. Color of the blackboard.
D. Function of the blackboard.
【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）D
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，通过描述黑板发展历程向读者介绍了黑板最早的时候确实是黑色的，随后慢慢发展变成了绿色。

回答了"黑板为什么是绿色的？"这个问题。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的，"te 18th-century students used their own mini boards made of slate (石板) or painted wood..."可知，18世纪的学生用的是“迷你板”。

故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“ In 1800 when a Scottish headmaster named James Pillans wanted his students to draw maps, the students couldn't draw the maps their teacher wanted on their tiny boards, so Pillans put several slates together to create a large board.
”在1800年，一名英格兰校长James Pillans想让他的学生们画地图，但是学生们在他们的迷你板上无法画出地图，因此校长让学生把他们的迷你板拼凑在一起来制造一个大的板。

可知，校长让学生把他们的迷你板拼凑在一起是为了创造一个大的空间来画地图。

故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的"The new material was lighter and... more likely to survive the Journey."可知A项和B项正确；以及"After all, ... made the chalk powder easier to erase."可知C项正确；D项文章未提及。

故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。

文章第一段前四句话点明了文章中心：我们看到的黑板大多是绿色的，为什么叫黑板？通读全文也可知文章主要讲述了黑板发展过程中颜色从黑色变成绿色的过程和原因。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．犇犇阅读理解
According to a recent study, a new genetically modified rice can prevent infections of HIV, the virus responsible for the disease AIDS.
The study reports the newly-developed rice produces proteins that attach directly to the HIV virus. This process prevents the virus from mixing with human cells. The scientists say it can remove the effect of the virus and block its spreading.
The Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS reports that worldwide, nearly 37 million people were living with HIV in 2017. The organization says the largest number of those are in developing countries. Nearly two-thirds of HIV cases are in Africa. Now there is no cure for HIV/AIDS though there have been developments in oral drug treatments to slow the progression of the disease.
The new study predicts the rice-based method will lead to long-term use of the anti-HIV treatment across the developing world. Researchers said the "groundbreaking" discovery is "realistically the only way" that anti-HIV combination treatments can be produced at a cost low enough for the developing world.
They say the easiest and most cost-effective way to use the rice will be to make it into a cream to be put on the skin. The HIV-fighting proteins can then enter the body through the skin. People all over the world could grow the rice and make the cream themselves. This would prevent the cost and travel required for many patients to receive treatments and medicine.
The process of changing the genetic structure of food crops has been debated for some time. Critics of genetically engineered crops believe they can harm people. The scientific team says further testing is needed to ensure that the genetic engineering process does not produce any additional chemicals that could be dangerous to people.
（1）What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3?
A. Stress the urgency of HIV treatments.
B. Provide some data about HIV.
C. Remind readers of HIV prevention.
D. Introduce HIV to the public.
（2）In which way will the rice be used at the lowest cost?
A. By transforming it into proteins.
B. By adding it to an oral drug.
C. By attaching it to the HIV virus.
D. By processing it into a cream.
（3）What can we infer about the genetic engineering process?
A. It can prevent infections of HIV.
B. It can produce dangerous chemicals.
C. It still requires perfecting.
D. It applies to the developed world.
（4）From which is the text probably taken?
A. A biology textbook.
B. A health magazine.
C. A social webpage.
D. A first aid brochure.
【答案】（1）A
（2）D
（3）C
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家培育出可预防艾滋病病毒感染的转基因水稻。

研究人员表示，这一“突破性”的发现是“现在唯一的”以低成本为发展中国家生产抗艾滋病毒联合治疗的方法，但还有待于进一步的完善。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“nearly 37 million people were living with HIV in 2017.... Now there is no cure for HIV/AIDS though there have been developments in oral drug treatments to slow the progression of the disease” 可知，“2017年全世界有近3700万人感染艾滋病毒。

尽管口服药物治疗已经有了进展减缓了疾病的发展，但现在还没有治愈艾滋病毒/艾滋病的方法”。

由此可推断出对于艾滋病的治疗迫在眉睫，非常紧迫。

分析选项可知A项符合题意，故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第五段中的“They say the easiest and most cost-effective way to use the rice will be to make it into a cream to be put on the skin.”可知，最简单、最划算的使用方法是将大米制成面霜涂在皮肤上。

“the most cost-effective”与“the lowest cost”是同义词，“make it into a cream”与“process it into a cream”是同义的。

故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“The scientific team says further testing is needed to ensure that the genetic engineering process does not produce any additional chemicals that could be dangerous to people.”可知，科学研究小组认为要进一步的测试，以确保基因工程过程不会产生任何可能对人类有害的额外化学物质。

由此可推断这种基因工程的过程还需要进一步的完善。

故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。

纵观全文可知，本文介绍了最近的一项研究，一种新的转基因水稻可以预防艾滋病病毒的感染。

因此与人类的健康有关，所以本文可能是出现在健康杂志上，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

4．犇犇阅读理解
News anchors(主播) must have been reluctant to read out the following news: Xin Xiaomeng began working as the world's first female artificial(人工的) intelligence news anchor at Xinhua News Agency on Sunday, three months after a male robot joined the profession.
Unlike previous news robots though, Xin does not read news like a cold machine; she reads it almost like a human being. The muscles on her face stretch and relax-and her reactions change-as she continues reading. That's why many news anchors were worried: Will AI replace us in the near future?
To find the answer, we have to analyse the technologies that support Xin at her job. Three key technologies are used to support Xin. First, samples of human voices are collected and synthesized (合成). This is followed by the collection and synthesis of human muscle movement samples. And third the voices and movements are married in a way that when the Al news anchor reads, the micro -electric motors behind her face move to make her expressions seem more human.
Yet we need a thorough knowledge of deep leaning technology to make a robot imitate a person's voice. The developer needs to collect tens of thousands of pieces of pronunciations, input them into the machine and match them with the text or the Al to lean and read. The process for imitating facial movements is similar. The developer has to analyse the movements of the 53 muscles in the human face, make a model set from the collected data for the AI news anchor to lean, and imitate the movements of facial muscles via programs
Both the technologies used to make Xin's performance impressive are mature. The real difficulty lies in the third -the technology to match the pronunciations with facial movements so that Xin expressions vary according to the content of the news report. In fact, Xins expressions don't always change according to the content. As a result, her expressions look anything but human. Actually. AI is still no match for human qualities.
（1）What does the underlined word "reluctant "in the first paragraph mean?
A. Delighted.
B. Unwilling.
C. Confused.
D. Optimistic.
（2）What can we infer about previous news robots?
A. They read news without expressions.
B. They looked like a human being
C. They could interview sports stars
D. They could interact with audience.
（3）What do we know about the third technology?
A. This technology is very perfect so far
B. This technology is quite popular now
C. This technology remains at the theoretical stage
D. This technology is far from mature.
（4）From the last paragraph, we can draw a conclusion that____.
A. human news anchors should learn from AT anchors to save their jobs
B. Al anchors perform much better than human news anchors at present
C. Al news anchors won't replace human news anchors in the near future
D. Xin Xiaomeng s expressions vary so naturally that they are true to life
【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）D
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，上周日，新华社新闻主播辛晓萌成为世界上第一位女性人工智能新闻主播，作者介绍了人工智能背后的技术，并指出在不久的将来，人工智能新闻主播不会取代人类新闻主播。

（1）考查词义猜测。

根据第一段中的"Xin Xiaomeng began working as the world's first female artificial(人工的) intelligence news anchor at Xinhua News Agency on Sunday"及第二段中的"That's why many news anchors were worried: Will AI replace us in the near future?"可知，担心将来自己的工作会被人工智能取代的新闻主播一定不愿意透露下面这个消息：上周日，新华社新闻主播辛晓萌成为世界上第一位女性人工智能新闻主播，由此可知画线词词义为"不愿意的"，故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的"Unlike previous news robots though, Xin does not read news like a cold machine; she reads it almost like a human being. The muscles on her face stretch and relax-and her reactions change-as she continues reading."可知，与以前的机器人主播不同的是，辛晓萌读起来不像一台冷冰冰的机器，就像是一个活生生的人，她读新闻的时候脸上的肌肉能够伸展和放松，面部反应也发生了变化，由此可知，以前的机器人主播读新闻时面无表情，故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的"The real difficulty lies in the third -the technology to match the pronunciations with facial movements so that Xin expressions vary according to the content of the news report. In fact, Xins expressions don' t always change according to the content. As a result, her expressions look anything but human."可知，真正的难点在于第三技术，使辛晓萌的面部表情根据新闻报道的内容而变化，事实上，辛晓萌的表情不总是随着内容而变化，她的表情一点也不像人类，由此可知，第三技术还远远不够成熟，故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的"Actually. AI is still no match for human qualities."可知，人工智能仍无法与人类素质相匹敌，由此可知，在不久的将来，人工智能新闻主播不会取代人类新闻主播，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

5．犇犇阅读理解
Three-quarters of the world's coffee farms destroy forest habitat to grow coffee in the sun and typically use harmful pesticides (杀虫剂) and chemicals that poison the environment. When forests disappear, migratory (迁徙的) songbirds disappear, too. In order to deal with severe population and habitat loss, Smithsonian scientists created the Bird Friendly certification.
Bird Friendly coffees are shade-grown, meaning the coffee is planted under trees, rather than on the land that has been cleared of all other plants. Coffee experts say shade-grown coffees taste better, because the beans ripen slower than coffee grown in the full sun, resulting in a richer, more complex flavor. Bird Friendly certified coffees grow under bio-diverse shade that provides habitat for migratory songbirds and other wildlife, stores carbon and fights climate change. Bird Friendly coffees are also certified organic, meaning they are grown without pesticides, which is better for people and for the planet.
Bird Friendly producers can also earn more for their crops. The wood and fruit trees on shade coffee farms provide farmers with additional income. Every cup of Bird Friendly coffee purchased rewards these farmers with a little more money for being good stewards of the environment and encourages them to continue conserving Bird Friendly habitat.
Buying Bird Friendly supports the Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center's conservation research aimed at understanding and protecting your feathered friends. You can purchase Bird Friendly certified coffees around the world and protect wildlife and habitat with every cup. Find a store or cafe near you, or better yet, have it shipped to your door when you order online.
（1）What is the present situation of coffee farms?
A. One fourth of them have destroyed forest habitat for birds.
B. Pesticides and chemicals used on them poisoned many birds.
C. Farmers have been aware of environment protection.
D. Scientists pay attention to them and have come up with an idea.
（2）What's a characteristic of Bird Friendly coffees?
A. They may have a better taste.
B. They have a strange flavor.
C. They take less time to ripen.
D. They are grown on unpolluted land.
（3）How can Bird Friendly farmers earn more money?
A. By charging consumers more money.
B. By selling fruits and wood from trees.
C. By cutting down trees and selling wood.
D. By serving as stewards of coffee consumers.（4）What does the text suggest coffee consumers do?
A. Consume less coffee.
B. Order coffee online.
C. Purchase shade-grown coffee.
D. Donate to coffee farmers.
【答案】（1）D
（2）A
（3）B
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，为了应对严重的迁徙鸟类的数量和栖息地损失，史密森尼的科学家创造了the Bird Friendly certification。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“ In order to deal with severe population and habitat
loss, Smithsonian scientists created the Bird Friendly certification.”可知，科学家们重视咖啡生长地的问题，并以想出应对办法，故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“ Coffee experts say shade-grown coffees taste better, because the beans ripen slower than coffee grown in the full sun, resulting in a richer, more complex flavor.”咖啡专家说，阴凉处种植的咖啡味道更好，因为豆子比太阳下的咖啡成熟得慢，会产生更丰富，更复杂的味道。

故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“ The wood and fruit trees on shade coffee farms provide farmers with additional income.”可知，咖啡种植者可以通过咖啡树上方的the wood and fruit trees增加收入，故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的“You can purchase Bird Friendly certified coffees around the world and protect wildlife and habitat with every cup”你能在全世界买Bird Friendly 认证的咖啡，每杯都保护野生动物和栖息地，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解
Some people sit outside for hours without getting bitten by mosquitoes, but it always seems like you're being eaten alive within minutes of stepping outdoors.
If this is you, you're not alone. According to Smithsonian Magazine, around 20 percent of people in the world are especially tasty to mosquitoes. What about these people makes mosquitoes' mouths water?
A popular myth claims that mosquitoes prefer certain blood types, but the fact is that they simply can't tell what your blood type is from a faraway place. Jonathon Day, a professor of medical entomology (昆虫学) at the University of Florida in the US, told NBC it's not complicated. "The two most important reasons a mosquito is attracted to you have to do with sight and smell." Mosquitoes are especially active in the late afternoon. While flying along, they use their sense of smell to find possible targets. They find victims (攻击对象) by smelling the carbon dioxide (CO2) breathed out by humans and animals. That's why you commonly find them in crowded streets and parks.
Joop van Loon, an entomologist at Wageningen University in the Netherlands, told Live Science, "Mosquitoes start orienting (使......朝向) themselves to carbon dioxide and keep flying upwind as they sense higher concentrations (浓度)."
As a result, people who simply exhale (呼出) more of the gas over time –generally, larger people – have been shown to attract more mosquitoes than others. "This is why kids don't get bitten as much ... as adults," US professor Ted Rosen told Science Alert.
This love for CO2 can also put pregnant women at increased risk for mosquito bites, as they tend to exhale 21 percent more CO2 than people of the same age and size who aren't pregnant.
In addition to carbon dioxide, the color of the clothes you wear also plays a role in attracting mosquitoes.
According to Live Science, mosquitoes can lock onto targets from up to 50 meters away. At this
distance, what we wear has a huge effect. Due to their vision (视觉), people wearing dark colors are more likely to become targets.
Being bitten by mosquitoes is annoying, but don't worry. Some simple tips can help ward them off. Scientists recommend that we use insect repellent (驱虫剂) and wear light-colored clothing.（1）How do mosquitoes locate their targets, according to the article?
A.By seeking out bright clothes.
B.By identifying different blood types.
C.By sensing an increase of carbon dioxide.
D.By following bigger crowds.
（2）Why are pregnant women more likely to be bitten by mosquitoes?
A.Their larger size helps mosquitoes to see them.
B.They breathe out more CO2.
C.They are more likely to sweat.
D.Their body temperatures are higher.
（3）How does the article advise you to avoid mosquitoes?
A.Exercise regularly.
B.Wear light-colored clothing.
C.Keep your skin dry and clean.
D.Stay indoors in the evening.
（4）What's the article mainly about?
A.A new finding about mosquitoes.
B.How people can avoid mosquito bites.
C.A popular myth about mosquitoes.
D.Why some people are more attractive to mosquitoes than others.
【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）B
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了为什么有些人可以整个夏天坐在户外乘凉却不被蚊子叮咬，而有些人一出门就好像要被蚊子吃掉一样。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的“While flying along, they use their sense of smell to find possible targets. They find victims by smelling the carbon dioxide (CO2) breathed out by humans and animals. ”飞的时候，它们用嗅觉发现目标。

它们通过闻人和动物呼出的二氧化碳来锁定目标；以及第五段中的“Mosquitoes start orienting themselves to carbon dioxide and ke ep flying upwind as they sense higher concentrations”蚊子开始飞向有二氧化碳的地方，当它们感知到高浓度的二氧化碳时，就保持逆流飞行，可知，蚊子通过感知二氧化碳的增加来锁定目标。

故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第七段“This love for CO2 can also put pregnant women at increased risk for mosquito bites, as they tend to exhale 21 percent more CO2 than people of the same age and size who aren't pregnant.”对二氧化碳的喜欢使得孕妇很容易被蚊子咬，因为她们比正常
相同年龄，相同体型的人呼出多余21%的二氧化碳，可知，孕妇呼出更多的二氧化碳，所以更招蚊子咬。

故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“Scientists recommend that we use insect repellent and wear light-colored clothing.”科学家建议我们使用驱虫剂或者穿浅颜色的衣服。

可知，文章建议我们可以通过穿浅色衣服来避免蚊子叮咬。

故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据第二段中的“According to Smithsonian Magazine, around 20 percent of people in the world are especially tasty to mosquitoes. What about these people makes mosquitoes' mouths water?”根据Smithsonian杂志，世界上大约20%的人容易招蚊子咬。

为什么这些人非常吸引蚊子呢？可知，本文探讨的话题是：为什么一些人比其他人更容易招蚊子。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解
NASA has a new job listing, and it's no joke. The US space agency is looking for a "joker" to join their planned mission to Mars.
A mission to Mars is no laughing matter. On average, the red planet is 140 million miles (225 million kilometers) away from Earth. A trip there would take around eight months in a small spacecraft. And Mars has a communications delay of 20 minutes. This means that astronauts will have to wait 20 minutes for a reply, when an emergency happens.
"When you're living with others in a confined space for a long period of time, such as on a mission to Mars, problems are likely to occur," Jeffrey Johnson, a scientist at the University of Florida, told The Guardian.
This is probably why NASA wants an astronaut with a sense of humor. "These are people that have the ability to pull everyone together," Johnson said.
In stressful situations, perhaps humor is a way to know we aren't alone. By laughing together, we share our stress. Then we can focus on our jobs instead of just worrying.
There are other examples of team "clowns". One example is the journey to the South Pole led by Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen. It was a difficult journey full of danger. Adolf Lindstrom, a cook at Amundsen's team, was a "clown". He made people laugh through the whole journey. Amundsen later wrote that Lindstrom was the most valuable member of the team.
But if you're hoping that your favorite TV comedian will fly to Mars, that probably won't happen.
"Being funny won't be enough to land somebody the job," Johnson said. "They also need to be an excellent engineer."
Besides, they must be in top physical condition.
（1）What is NASA's new job listing?
A. A funny engineer.
B. A talented clown.
C. A good cook.
D. A popular comedian.（2）What does "a confined space" in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A. a full space
B. an empty space
C. an open space
D. a small space.（3）How does the author think humor can help astronauts?
A. It can stop them from feeling bored.
B. It can promote teamwork on a mission.
C. It can make them feel less homesick.
D. It can help them know themselves better.
（4）What's the author's purpose of giving the example of the cook?
A. To tell us that what explorers eat on their journey is very important.
B. To prove that an amateur can play a more important role than a professional.
C. To make the point that humorous people can cheer people up in difficult situations.
D. To reveal that a mission to Mars is more difficult than a journey to the South Pole.
【答案】（1）A
（2）D
（3）B
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，由美国宇航局寻找一位幽默的工程师来和宇航员一起执行航天任务介绍了幽默对宇航员的重要作用。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据倒数第二段中的“‘Being funny won't be enough to land somebody the job,’ Johnson said. ‘They also need to be an excellent engineer.’”可知，美国宇航局的新工作是幽默的工程师，故选A。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第三段中的“ such as on a mission to Mars, ”可知，与在地球上生活的宽广空间不同，在火星任务中，你需要和其他人一起在狭小的航天器内生活很长一段时间，由此可知画线词词义为“狭小的空间、有限的空间”，故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的“These are. people that have the ability to pull everyone together,”可知，幽默的人有能力把每个人都团结在一起，也就是说幽默能够促进宇航员在任务中的团队合作，故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据第五段中的“In stressful situations, perhaps humor is a way to know we aren't alone. By laughing together, we share our stress.”可知，在压力大的情况下，幽默是一种减压的方式，第六段第一句话又说有很多团队小丑的例子，紧接着举厨师的例子就是为了证明这一点，即：幽默的人能使人在困难的情况下振作起来，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解
It is the ideal way for traveler to ensure they wake up with the perfect view — a portable Eco-capsule that can be set up anywhere in the world. The egg-shaped pod (独立舱) ensures travelers can camp in the most extreme corners with all the luxury of a hotel room.
Looking like something in a sci-fi movie, the pod is equipped with solar panels, which guarantee solar energy as its power. In this way the tiny home can let you live comfortably wherever you travel. It even has its own shower and toilet, sleeping area for two, and a small kitchen. The 3,306 ib pods can be transported in a sea-container, meaning the possibilities are endless.
Bratislava-based Nice Architects are behind the extraordinary Eco-capsules and said they。